Osteoporosis is a condition when the quality of bone density decreases.

This condition makes

bones become porous and susceptible to cracking.
Osteoporosis is generally known only after a fracture is found in the bone, after the patient
has a mild fall. Cracks in the wrists, hip bones, and spine are the most common cases in
osteoporosis patients.
Osteoporosis Patients in Indonesia
In Indonesia, as many as 23 percent of women aged 50-80 years and 53 percent of women
aged 70-80 years suffer from osteoporosis, based on research results in 2006. The risk of
women suffering from osteoporosis four times greater than the risk in men.
Although osteoporosis is commonly experienced by women who have entered menopause,
osteoporosis can also occur in men, younger women, and children. Calcium deficiency is
thought to be the cause of osteoporosis cases in Indonesia.

Osteoporosis is caused by decreased bone density with age. Osteoporosis occurs in all people,
but some people are more at risk and more quickly experience this condition than others.
When young, human bones regenerate rapidly and are in the most dense and powerful
conditions. But with age, old bones are not immediately replaced with new bone and no
longer grow. This makes the bones slowly become more fragile over time. The older, your
bone density becomes less and less. The bone becomes weakened, porous, and more
susceptible to cracking.
Causes of Osteoporosis by Sex
Changes in hormone levels can affect bone density. In women, estrogen is needed to maintain
bone health. But what happens after menopause is a decrease in estrogen levels in the body
which also resulted in a dramatic decrease in bone density. This results in women being more
at risk of osteoporosis than men, especially if they have the following conditions:
Not having a long menstrual cycle (more than six months) due to exercise or an excessive
diet.
Experiencing early menopause (before age 45).
Underwent hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) before the age of 45, especially if
both ovaries are also removed.
The effect of hormone on male osteoporosis is not as significant in women. However, it is
thought that there remains a connection between osteoporosis and the hormone testosterone
that helps keep bones strong. This is indicated by an increased risk of osteoporosis in men
with low testosterone levels although men continue to produce testosterone to old age.
In half the cases of male patients, the cause of osteoporosis is not known with certainty, while
half may be caused by:
Consume excessive liquor.
Consumption of drugs such as glucocorticoids or steroid drugs for more than three months.
Conditions that cause testosterone levels lower than normal levels (hypogonadism).
Gland Disease That Can Trigger Osteoporosis
The process of bone regeneration is influenced by many hormones, so if you have a disorder
in the hormone gland, you may be at higher risk of osteoporosis. Here are some glandular
diseases that can trigger osteoporosis:
Disorders of the adrenal glands, such as Cushing's syndrome.
Disorders of the pituitary gland.
Overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism).
Overactive parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism).
Reduced levels of sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone).
Factors Cause Risk of Osteoporosis
Here are some factors that can increase the risk of developing osteoporosis and bone
fractures:
Body mass index is below or equal to 19.
Patients with food disorders such as anorexia and bulimia.
Excessive alcohol consumption.
Smoke
History of parents who have experienced a fracture of the hip or osteoporosis.
Asian or Caucasian
Smaller body size results in reduced bone mass levels that affect bone density with age.
One who has gone through a gastrointestinal surgery that causes a decrease in abdominal size
as well as calcium uptake.
Consumption deficiency
Malabsorption is the inability of the intestines to absorb nutrients in food, as in Celiac disease
and Crohn's disease.
Drugs consumed, especially those that affect hormone levels such as prostate cancer
treatment and corticosteroid drug use.
Not exercising or inactive for long periods of time.