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12. (a) How does one frame research objectives? Why is it important to define the research
problem appropriately?
OR
(b) Compare and contrast cross sectional and longitudinal research designs.
13. (a) What are the various types of measurement scales and their importance? Discuss.
OR
(b) Compare Likert’s scale and Semantic differential scale giving examples.
14. (a) How does one construct a survey instrument? What steps need to be followed?
Discuss.
OR
(b) What is experimental research design? Where can experimental research design be
used? Give examples for your answer.
15. (a) (i) What are the relationships among descriptive, exploratory and causal research?
(ii) Give examples of where each of these designs would be used.
OR
(b) (i) What is qualitative research and how it is conducted?
(ii) Why is focus group considered as the most popular qualitative research technique?