PUSD Math News – Mathematics 2

Module 9: Probability

Module 9 Overview – Probability Scan the QR code below to take you

(Standards: S.CP.1, S.CP.2, S.CP.3, S.CP.4, S.CP.5,
S.CP.6, S.CP.7, S.MD.7+)
Student and Teacher materials can be found
at Mathematics Vision Project
http://www.mathematicsvisionproject.org/
(Curriculum>Secondary Mathematics
Two>Module 9: Probability)
directly to the PUSD Secondary Math
Resources webpage for
Mathematics 2, Module 9: Probability
You will find the student text, newsletter,
standards for the module, homework help
links and more!

In Module 9 students use probability to interpret

the meaning of data sets. They use the basic ideas
behind probability and the study of randomness to
calculate and interpret probability of events in
different situations. They recognize that
probability is a measurement of the likelihood of
an event. Students represent the proportion of
times we would expect to see an outcome in a long
series of repetitions, leading to an understanding https://goo.gl/n4JG43
of the Law of Large Numbers. They define and
identify independent events; explain and provide Vocabulary and Major Mathematical
an example to illustrate that for two independent Concepts
events, the probability of the events occurring Note: Section numbers followed by an H will be
together is the product of the probability of an addressed in the Honors Mathematics 2 course.
event.
Prerequisite Concepts and Skills:
Students continue to develop proficiency in the  Create and analyze two-way tables
Standards of Mathematical Practices. While
 Definition of probability
working on key assignments, students continue to
make sense of the tasks by solving them in
 Compute probabilities of single events
multiple ways (MP1). As students explain their  Write conditional statements given a
thinking to their peers they justify their solutions two-way table
(MP3). The tasks in this unit focus on real life and
relevant tasks that students model with words, Addition rule for probability (9.3) – a method
equations, probability models and visually (MP4). for finding the probability that either or both of
Students convert these real life problems into two events occur.
probability expressions and symbols to
appropriately solve problems (MP2). If events A and B are mutually exclusive
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

If events A and B are not mutually exclusive

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) -P(A and B)

Conditional probability (9.1) – a probability

computed based on the assumption that some
event has already occurred.
 PUSD Math News – Mathematics 2
Module 9: Probability

Dependent events (9.3) – events for which the Probability (9.1) – the likelihood of the
probability of one event occurring depends on occurrence of an event
the occurrence or non-occurrence of the other
event. Probability notation (9.2) –

Estimated probability outcome (9.3) – also  P(A): the probability that event A will
known as the empirical probability, relative occur.
frequency, or experimental probability, is the
ratio of the number of outcomes in which a  P(A/B): the probability that event A will
specified event occurs to the total number of occur, given event B already occurred.
trials, not in a theoretical sample space but in an
actual experiment.  P(A ∩ B): the probability that the
elements event A and B have in common
Event (9.1) – a set of possible outcomes of an will occur (see intersection of sets)
experiment to which a probability is assigned.
 P(A ∪ B): the probability that elements
Independent events (9.3) – events for which from either set A or set B or both will
the probability of any one event occurring is occur (see union of sets).
unaffected by the occurrence or non-occurrence
of any of the other events.  P(𝐴̅) = 1-P(A): the probability that the
complement of A will occur (or
Intersection of sets (9.4) – the elements that probability of Not A)
two or more sets have in common.
Tree diagram (9.1) – a diagram used for
probability calculations. The diagram starts with
a single node, with branches emanating to
additional nodes, which represent mutually
exclusive decisions or events.

Image- http://www.math-only-math.com/images/intersection-of-sets-
using-Venn-diagram.png

Law of large numbers (9.3) – a theorem that

expresses the idea that as the number of trials of
a random process increases, the percentage
difference between the expected and actual
values goes to zero.

Mutually exclusive events (9.4) – Also called

disjoint. Events that cannot both be true (occur).

Population (9.1) – a finite and actually existing Image- https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/images/probability-tree-

group of objects that, although possibly large, coin2.gif
can be enumerated in theory (for example,
people living in the United States).
 PUSD Math News – Mathematics 2
Module 9: Probability

Two-way table (9.2) – a table with at least two Main Topics

rows and two columns used to present Note: Section numbers followed by an H will be
categorical data in terms of frequency counts. addressed in the Honors Mathematics 2 course.

Example: Section in student text – Task done in class

Related Homework Help Videos

9.1 – Estimating conditional probabilities and

interpreting the meaning of a set of data

Image-
https://cobbk12.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/institution/eHigh%20Sch
Interpreting Venn Diagrams, part 1
ool/Courses/CCVA%20CCGPS%20Coordinate%20Algebra/Curriculum/U https://goo.gl/yZrrdQ
nit%204/U4_TwoWayFrequencyTables/paste_image19.jpg

Basic probabilities
Union of sets (9.4) – combining the elements of https://goo.gl/arjpK0
two or more sets.

9.2 – Examining conditional probability using

multiple representations

Interpreting Venn Diagrams, part 2

https://goo.gl/OayKo4

Image- http://image.slidesharecdn.com/setswithanimationperfect1- Completing two-way tables

130827224612-phpapp01/95/sets-theory-with-animation-22- https://goo.gl/scrmgS
638.jpg?cb=1377643829

Venn diagram (9.1) – a diagram used to depict Percent problems

collections of sets and represent their https://goo.gl/vkOuLF
relationships.

9.3 – Using sample to estimate probabilities

Addition rule for probability

https://goo.gl/TVMXBU
https://goo.gl/TI98wX

Determining if events are independent or

dependent
https://goo.gl/sEodP2
Image-
http://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/vol6/images/conditional_venn.gi Writing proportions from word problems
f
https://goo.gl/Psryra
 PUSD Math News – Mathematics 2
Module 9: Probability

9.4 – Creating Venn diagrams using data

while examining the addition rule for
probability

Multiplying and dividing fractions

https://goo.gl/P9uykK

Two-way table from a tree diagram

https://goo.gl/oTWyEd

Probability and Venn Diagrams

https://goo.gl/oTWyEd

Probability and tree diagrams

https://goo.gl/qb0vhr

Using two-ways tables to find probability

https://goo.gl/hA2Xgx
https://goo.gl/gPzewK

9.5 – Examining independence of events

using two-way tables

Finding intercepts, line of symmetry and vertex of

quadratic functions
https://goo.gl/rU7jd1

9.6 – Using data in various representations to

determine independence

Calculating conditional probabilities

https://goo.gl/KK6Isc