Job Number Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

C10* C13

General column design by PROKON. (GenCol Ver W3.0.10 - 03 Oct 2016)

Design code : ACI 318 - 2005

ACI 318 - 2005 Y
General design parameters:
Given:
Lo = 9.800 m 500
fc' = 40 MPa
fy = 460 MPa
Ac = 244974 mm²

Assumptions:
X X
250
(2) The specified design axial loads include
the self-weight of the column.
(3) The design axial loads are taken constant
over the height of the column. 0

250

500
Design approach: 0
Y
The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
(1) An area of reinforcement is chosen.
(2) The column design charts are constructed.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
(4) The design axis and design ultimate moment are determined .
(5) The design axial force and moment capacity is checked on
the relevant design chart.
(6) The safety factor is calculated for this load case.

Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the Design axis:
At the top end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
At the bottom end: Condition 2 (partially fixed).
The column is unbraced.

Effective length factor ? = 1.50 Table 3.21

Effective column height:

kLu = ß . Lo
= 1.5 ×9.8
= 14.700 m

Column slenderness about weakest axis:

kLu
kLu/r =
r
14.7
=
.14356
= 102.396
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity:
Check that the eccentricity exceeds the minimum in the plane of bending:

10.12.3.2

eminx = 0.6 . 0.0254 + 0.03 . h

= 0.6 ×0.0254 + 0.03 ×.5
= 0.0302 m

10.12.3.2

eminy = 0.6 . 0.0254 + 0.03 . b

= 0.6 ×0.0254 + 0.03 ×.5
= 0.0302 m

Mminx = eminx. N
= .03024 ×903
= 27.307 kNm

Check if the column is slender: 10.12.2

kLux/r = 102.4 > 22 = 22 10.13.2
\ The column is slender.

Check maximum slenderness limit: 10.11.5

kLu/r = 102.4 > 100
\ Maximum Slenderness limit exceeded!!

Initial moments:
The column is bent in double curvature about the X-X axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = -20.0 kNm

M2 = Larger initial end moment = 65.0 kNm

The column is bent in single curvature about the Y-Y axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 12.0 kNm

M2 = Larger initial end moment = 45.0 kNm

 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Moment Magnification: 10.12

For bending about the weakest axis:

The bending moments M1 and M2 about the X-X and Y-Y axes are transformed to
moments about the weakest axis and summed to give resultant moments about the
weakest axis. Moment magnification is now performed and the slenderness in-
duced moments are transformed back to the X-X and Y-Y axes.

Weakest axis lies at an angle of -90.00° to the X-X axis

EsIs = Es. Ist

= 210 ×159.74
= 33.55×103 kNm²

10.12.3

Ec. Ig
+ Es. Ist
5
EI =
1 + ßd
29.934 ×5 048.5
+ 210 ×159.74
5
=
1 +0
= 63.77×103 kNm²

(10-10)

p2 . EI
Pc =
kLu2
p2 ×63770
=
14.7 2
= 2 912.604 kN

Pu = 903.0 kN

f = 0.650

Where no end moment or pin exists, the minimum moment emin× N = 27.3 kNm is used.

Moments at Top of column:

 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

M1b = cos(-90.00)*65.00 + sin(-90.00)*45.00) = 27.31

M1s = cos(-90.00)*0.00 + sin(-90.00)*0.00) = 0.000

Moments at Middle of column:

Mb = cos(-90.00)*46.15 + sin(-90.00)*36.15) = -36.15

Ms = cos(-90.00)*0.00 + sin(-90.00)*0.00) = 0.000

Moments at Bottom of column:

M2b = cos(-90.00)*27.31 + sin(-90.00)*27.31) = 27.31

M2s = cos(-90.00)*0.00 + sin(-90.00)*0.00) = 0.000

Cm = 1 10.12.3.1

Cm is based on the assumption that the maximum moment occurs

at mid height - see commentary on clause 10.12.3.1 ACI code.
For checking top and bottom of the column, Cm is taken as 1.

(10-9)

Cm
db =
Pu
1-
0.75 . Pc
1
=
903000
1-
0.75 ×2913×103
= 1.705

With the proviso that (10-9)

db > = 1.0

(10-9)
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

1
db(top&bot) =
Pu
1-
0.75 . Pc
1
=
903000
1-
0.75 ×2913×103
= 1.705

With the proviso that (10-9)

db > = 1.0

ds = 1.000 (10-9)

Additional moment at Top of column:

(10-9)

Madd = (db. Mb + ds . Ms ) - (Mb + Ms)

= (1.7047 ×65 + 1 ×0 ) - (65 + 0 )
= 45.806 kNm

\ Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00°) = 0.0 kNm

\ Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00°) = -31.7 kNm

Additional moment at Middle of column:

(10-9)

Madd = (db. Mb + ds. Ms) - (Mb + Ms )

= (1.7047 ×-18.847 + 1 ×0 ) - (-18.847 + 0 )
= -13.2815 kNm

\ Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00°) = 0.0 kNm

\ Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00°) = -15.9 kNm

Additional moment at Bottom of column:

(10-9)

Madd = (db. Mb + ds. Ms) - (Mb + Ms)

= (1.7047 ×27.307 + 1 ×0 ) - (27.307 + 0 )
= 19.243 kNm

\ Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00°) = 0.0 kNm

 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

\ Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00°) = -19.2 kNm

Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = 903.0 kN

Moments as a result of imperfections added about Design axis 5.8.9 2)

For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 10.12.3
(a)

Mtopx = Mtop + Madd

= -20 + 0
= -20.0000 kNm

(b)

Mbotx = Mbot - Madd

= 65 - 0
= 65.000 kNm

Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Mx=65.0 kNm
Mxtop=65.0 kNm Mxmin=27.3 kNm

+ =

Mxbot=20.0 kNm

Initial Additional Design

Moments as a result of imperfections added about Design axis 5.8.9 2)

For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 10.12.3
(a)

Mtopy = Mtop + Madd

= 12 + 31.71
= 43.710 kNm

(b)
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Mboty = Mbot - Madd

= 45 - 31.71
= 13.290 kNm

Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)

My=76.7 kNm
Mytop=45.0 kNm Mymin=27.3 kNm

+ =

Mybot=-12.0 kNm

Initial Additional Design

Design of column section for ULS:

The column is checked for applied moment about the design axis.
Through inspection: the critical section lies at the top end of the column.
The design axis for the critical load case 1 lies at an angle of 49.72° to the X-axis
The safety factor for the critical load case 1 is 4.26

For bending about the design axis:

Interaction Diagram
Moment max = 503.7kNm @ 1012kN

5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
Axial load (kN)

2500
2000
1500
1000 903 kN
-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0.00

500
101 kNm 100

200

300

400

500

600

-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
Bending moment (kNm)
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the design axis:

The final design moments were calculated as the vector sum of the X- and Y- moments
of the critical load case. This also determined the design axis direction

At the top, Mx = 100.5 kNm

Near mid-height, Mx = 56.9 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 27.3 kNm

Stresses at the top end of the column for the critical load case 1

ACI 318 - 2005 Y

D
M

500

49.7°
X 49.7° X
250

0
250

500

M
D Y
0

Summary of design calculations:

Design table for critical load case:
 Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date

Moments and Reinforcement for LC 1:DL+LL

Top Middle Bottom
Madd-x (kNm) 0.0 0.0 0.0
Madd-y (kNm) -31.7 -15.9 19.2
Mx (kNm) 65.0 31.0 20.0
My (kNm) 76.7 47.7 7.2
Mmin (kNm) 27.3 0.0 27.3
M-design (kNm) 100.5 56.9 27.3
Design axis (°) 49.72 56.96 199.91
Safety factor 4.26 5.67 6.03
Asc (mm²) 5027 5027 5027
Percentage 2.01 % 2.01 % 2.01 %
AsNom (mm²) 2450 2450 2450
Critical load case: LC 1

Design results for all load cases:

Safety
Load case Axis N (kN) M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design M (kNm) M' (kNm) factor

Load case 1 X-X -20.0 65.0 31.0 0.0 65.0

DL+LL Y-Y 903.0 12.0 45.0 31.8 -31.7 Top 76.7 100.5 4.258