Dilution (equation)

[ ]
C
Dilution is a reduction in the pH of a chemical (gas, va- ln Cending = − VQ · (tending − tinitial ) where
initial
por, solution). It is the process of decreasing the con- tinitial = 0
centration of a solute in solution, usually simply by mix-
ing with more solvent. To dilute a solution means to add • Dt = time required; the unit of time used is the same
more solvent without the addition of more solute. The as is used for Q
resulting solution is thoroughly mixed so as to ensure that
all parts of the solution are identical. • V = air or gas volume of the closed space or room
in cubic feet, cubic metres or litres
The same direct relationship applies to gases and vapors
diluted in air for example. Although, thorough mixing of • Q = ventilation rate into or out of the room in cubic
gases and vapors may not be as easily accomplished. feet per minute, cubic metres per hour or litres per
second
For example, if there are 10 grams of salt (the solute)
dissolved in 1 litre of water (the solvent), this solution has • Cᵢ ᵢ ᵢₐ = initial concentration of a vapor inside the
a certain salt concentration (molarity). If one adds 1 litre room measured in ppm
of water to this solution the salt concentration is reduced.
The diluted solution still contains 10 grams of salt (0.171 • Cfi ₐ = final reduced concentration of the vapor in-
moles of NaCl). side the room in ppm

Mathematically this relationship can be shown in the

equation:
2 Dilution ventilation equation
The basic room purge equation can be used only for purge
C1 × V1 = C2 × V2
scenarios. In a scenario where a liquid continuously evap-
where orates from a container in a ventilated room, a differential
equation has to be used:
• C 1 = initial concentration or molarity
• V 1 = initial volume dC G − Q′ C
=
dt V
• C 2 = final concentration or molarity where the ventilation rate has been adjusted by a mixing
• v2 = final volume factor K:

Q
1 Basic room purge equation Q′ =
K
• C = concentration of a gas
The basic room purge equation is used in industrial hy-
giene. It determines the time required to reduce a known • G = generation rate
vapor concentration existing in a closed space to a lower
vapor concentration. The equation can only be applied • V = room volume
when the purged volume of vapor or gas is replaced with • Q′ = adjusted ventilation rate of the volume
“clean” air or gas. For example, the equation can be
used to calculate the time required at a certain ventila-
tion rate to reduce a high carbon monoxide concentration
in a room.
3 Welding
The dilution in welding terms is defined as the weight of
[ ] [ ]
V Cinitial the base metal melted divided by the total weight of the
Dt = · ln weld metal. For example, if we have a dilution of 0.40,
Q Cending
the fraction of the weld metal that came from the con-
Sometimes the equation is also written as: sumable electrode is 0.60.

1
2 6 EXTERNAL LINKS

4 See also
• Displacement ventilation

• Reaction rate
• Partial molar quantities

• Apparent molar property

• Excess molar quantity

5 References

6 External links
•
• Easy dilution calculator
 3

7 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

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