DOS7CMD

MDGx MAX Speed WinDOwS �Tricks � Secrets � Bugs � Fixes
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MS-DOS 7.10 = DOS + Windows Console Commands
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Newer versions of MS-DOS 16-bit were installed only as part of MS Windows 95,
98 + ME 32-bit (+ 16-bit) Operating Systems:
- MS-DOS 7.00 = Windows 95/95a OSR1.
- MS-DOS 7.10 = Windows 95B OSR2.0/95B OSR2.1/95C OSR2.5/98/98 SP1/98 SE(U).
- MS-DOS 8.00 [stripped down MS-DOS 7.10 :-(] = Windows ME = *last* Win9x (and
implicitly *last* MS-DOS) edition.
MS-DOS 7.10 bundled with Windows 98 SE(U) is the most advanced MS-DOS OS ever
released, and *only* one discussed here.
Older native/real/true/pure MS-DOS 16-bit versions were released only as
stand-alone 16-bit Operating Systems:
- MS-DOS 5.0
- MS-DOS 5.0a
- MS-DOS 6.0
- MS-DOS 6.20
- MS-DOS 6.21
- MS-DOS 6.22 = *last* stand-alone MS-DOS edition.
See DOS6CMD.TXT (part of W31-11D.ZIP) for MS-DOS 6.xx commands:
http://www.mdgx.com/31.htm
FYI:
Windows NTx [NT, 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, 2008, 7, 8, 2012] DOS console
commands:
- A-Z Index of Windows CMD command line:
http://www.ss64.com/nt/
- Windows XP/2003/Vista/2008/7/8/8.1/2012 Command Line Reference:
http://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc754340.aspx
- Windows 2003 Command Line Reference:
- Windows XP Command Line Reference:
http://technet.microsoft.com/library/bb490890.aspx
- Windows XP Command line reference A-Z:
http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-
us/ntcmds.mspx
- Windows XP MS-DOS subsystem commands (16-bit):
http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-
us/dos_cmds.mspx
All these DOS + Windows console (DOS box/session/window) external + internal

commands are more or less documented, except TRUENAME, which is UNdocumented.
See SECRETS.TXT (included) for more UNdocumented DOS commands + hidden
parameters:
http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm
See "MS-DOS 5.00 - 8.00 ESSENTIALS" in SOFTWARE.TXT (included) for DOS
commands replacements [free(ware)]:
http://www.mdgx.com/dos.htm
To see more DOS commands details run the HELP.COM command from any DOS prompt
followed by a space and the command file name [followed or not by a dot (.)
and the respective command file extension]:
HELP FILENAME.EXT
Example:
HELP EMM386.EXE
which is different from (same command file name without file extension):
HELP EMM386
Substitute FILENAME with any valid DOS command file name.
Substitute EXT with actual file extension (if any = external commands only).
These 4 files are required for running HELP:
HELP.COM = DOS based command help tool
HELP.HLP = DOS based help file used by HELP.COM
QBASIC.EXE = QBasic DOS based tool used by HELP.COM
QBASIC.HLP = QBasic DOS based help file used by QBASIC.EXE
and should reside into %windir%\COMMAND [%windir% = usually C:\WINDOWS]
[default] or somewhere in your PATH, eventually specified in your CONFIG.SYS
or AUTOEXEC.BAT, both located in C:\ root.
These 4 files are NOT installed by Windows 95/98/ME. You need to copy them by
hand onto your hard disk from your Windows Setup CD-ROM:
- \OTHER\OLDMSDOS = Windows 95/95a OSR1/95B OSR 2.0/95B OSR 2.1/95C OSR 2.5.
- \TOOLS\OLDMSDOS = Windows 98/98 SP1/98 SE(U)/ME.
Then install Unofficial MS-DOS 7.xx/8.00 Help System HELP.HLP Update [327 KB]:
http://www.mdgx.com/files/HELPHLP.EXE
To see details about the DOS commands used exclusively in CONFIG.SYS, open
these 2 plain text/ASCII files located into %windir% [usually C:\WINDOWS] with
Notepad or better plain text editor/viewer (Windows):
http://www.mdgx.com/toy.htm#TXT
or EDIT (DOS):
- CONFIG.TXT = Internal CONFIG.SYS DOS commands [actual files do NOT exist =
built into C:\IO.SYS and/or C:\COMMAND.COM], also @ MSKB:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/234853
- MSDOSDRV.TXT = External CONFIG.SYS DOS commands [actual files exist = *.EXE
or *.SYS], also @ MSKB:
IMPORTANT:
IF using ANY 3rd party DOS shell processor (command interpreter) OTHER THAN
COMMAND.COM (default), like 4DOS:
http://www.4dos.info/sources.htm
http://www.jpsoft.com/download.htm#free
DR-DOS:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DR-DOS
NDOS (included with Symantec Norton Utilities):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4DOS#NDOS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton_Utilities#Norton_Utilities_for_DOS.2FWindows_3.
1
etc, some DOS commands names and/or functions are different!
Refer to your respective software documentation for details.
FYI:
MS-DOS 6.22 Supplemental Disk:
Direct download [762 KB, free]:
http://download.microsoft.com/download/win31/Update/1/DOS/EN-US/sup622.exe
contains more DOS commands:
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/archive/msdos/01_intro.mspx
COMMANDS.TXT: Supplemental Disk Commands:
MS-DOS 6.22 required to use most Supplemental files!
External DOS/MS-DOS (can be used from native/real/true/pure DOS/MS-DOS mode

outside Windows, from a DOS/MS-DOS prompt inside Windows or from inside a
batch file, including AUTOEXEC.BAT) + Windows console commands (can be used
only from inside Windows) default file locations:
* C:\ root :
COMMAND.COM
* %windir% [%windir% = usually C:\WINDOWS]:
COMMAND.COM
WIN.COM
ARP.EXE
JVIEW.EXE
EMM386.EXE
EXTRAC32.EXE
EXTRACT.EXE
FTP.EXE
NBSTAT.EXE
NET.EXE
NETSTAT.EXE
PING.EXE
ROUTE.EXE
SETVER.EXE
SMARTDRV.EXE
TRACERT.EXE
* %windir%\COMMAND [%windir% = usually C:\WINDOWS]:
CHOICE.COM
COMMAND.COM
DISKCOPY.COM
FORMAT.COM
HELP.COM
KEYB.COM
MODE.COM
MORE.COM
SYS.COM
ATTRIB.EXE
CHKDSK.EXE
CSCRIPT.EXE
CVT.EXE
DEBUG.EXE
DELTREE.EXE
FC.EXE
FDISK.EXE
FIND.EXE
IEXTRACT.EXE
LABEL.EXE
MEM.EXE
MOVE.EXE
MSCDEX.EXE
MSD.EXE
NLSFUNC.EXE
QBASIC.EXE
SCANREG.EXE
SORT.EXE
START.EXE
SUBST.EXE
XCOPY.EXE
XCOPY32.EXE
* %windir%\SYSTEM [%windir% = usually C:\WINDOWS]:
IPCONFIG.EXE
Internal DOS commands (built into IO.SYS +/- COMMAND.COM), which can be used
from native/real/true/pure DOS/MS-DOS mode outside Windows, from a DOS/MS-DOS
prompt inside Windows or from inside a batch file, including AUTOEXEC.BAT:
BREAK
CALL
CD = CHDIR
CHCP
CHDIR = CD
CLS
COPY
CTTY
DATE
DEL = ERASE
DIR
ECHO
ERASE = DEL
EXIT
FOR
GOTO
IF
LABEL
LFNFOR
LH = LOADHIGH
LOADHIGH = LH
LOCK
MD = MKDIR
MKDIR = MD
PATH
PAUSE
PROMPT
RD = RMDIR
REM = :: = ;
REN = RENAME
RENAME = REN
RMDIR = RD
SET
SHIFT
TIME
TRUENAME
TYPE
UNLOCK
VER
VERIFY
VOL
Internal DOS commands (built into IO.SYS), which can be used only from inside
CONFIG.SYS:
ACCDATE
BREAK
BUFFERS
BUFFERSHIGH
DEVICE
DEVICEHIGH
DOS
FCBS
FCBSHIGH
FILES
FILESHIGH
INCLUDE
INSTALL
INSTALLHIGH
LASTDRIVE
MENUCOLOR
MENUDEFAULT
MENUITEM
MULTITRACK
NUMLOCK
SHELL
SHELLHIGH
STACKS
STACKSHIGH
SWITCHES
AUTOEXEC.BAT + CONFIG.SYS are the operating system's native/real/true/pure

DOS/MS-DOS mode boot configuration files (plain text/ASCII, can be edited with
EDIT.COM in DOS or Notepad in Windows), both located in the root directory of
the boot drive/partition (usually C:\).
IO.SYS is the operating system's native/real/true/pure DOS/MS-DOS mode core +
kernel boot file (binary, canNOT and should NOT be edited/changed, otherwise
the OS may lock up!), located in the root directory of the boot
drive/partition (usually C:\).
See "Windows 95/98/ME + MS-DOS 7.xx/8.00 = *VITAL* BACKUP ISSUES" in
READ1ST.TXT (included) for more details.
How to (re)create DOS7CMD.TXT [partially, anyway ;)]:

Copy + paste text between cut & paste lines below into Notepad or better plain
text editor/viewer:
http://www.mdgx.com/toy.htm#TXT
and save it as DOS7CMD.BAT [do NOT change BATch file name!]:
-----Begin cut & paste here-----

@ECHO OFF
IF EXIST %TEMP%\45.@#$ GOTO GO!
IF '%1'=='{}{}{}' GOTO YES
IF EXIST %TEMP%\DOS7CMD.TXT ATTRIB +A -H -R -S %TEMP%\DOS7CMD.TXT>NUL
COMMAND.COM /E:4096 /C DOS7CMD.BAT {}{}{}
GOTO END
:YES
ECHO. MS-DOS 7.10 = DOS + Windows Console Commands>%TEMP%\DOS7CMD.TXT
ECHO. ��>>%TEMP%\DOS7CMD.TXT
ECHO.>>%TEMP%\DOS7CMD.TXT
ECHO.>>%TEMP%\DOS7CMD.TXT
MEM /C | FIND /I "vmm32">NUL
IF NOT ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO W!N
ECHO DOS7CMD.TXT was created from native/real/true/pure MS-DOS mode.>>%TEMP
%\DOS7CMD.TXT
ECHO That's why XCOPY32 + Windows specific commands are NOT included.>>%TEMP
%\DOS7CMD.TXT
ECHO To add XCOPY32 + Windows specific commands you MUST (re)create>>%TEMP
%\DOS7CMD.TXT
ECHO DOS7CMD.TXT from within Windows by running DOS7CMD.BAT again.>>%TEMP
%\DOS7CMD.TXT
GOTO SKP
:W!N
ECHO DOS7CMD.TXT was created from within Windows UI (User Interface).>>%TEMP
%\DOS7CMD.TXT
ECHO That's why REGEDIT + XCOPY commands are NOT included.>>%TEMP%\DOS7CMD.TXT
ECHO To add REGEDIT + XCOPY you MUST (re)create DOS7CMD.TXT from>>%TEMP
%\DOS7CMD.TXT
ECHO native/real/true/pure MS-DOS mode by running DOS7CMD.BAT again.>>%TEMP
%\DOS7CMD.TXT
:SKP
SET CMD1=%CMD1% ATTRIB.EXE BREAK CALL CD CHCP CHKDSK.EXE CHOICE.COM CLS COMMAND.COM
SET CMD1=%CMD1% COPY CTTY DATE DEBUG.EXE DEL DELTREE.EXE DIR DISKCOPY.COM
DOSKEY.COM 1
SET CMD2=%CMD2% ECHO EDIT.COM EMM386.EXE ERASE EXIT EXTRACT.EXE FC FDISK.EXE
FIND.EXE
SET CMD2=%CMD2% FOR FORMAT.COM GOTO HELP.COM IF KEYB.COM LABEL.EXE LFNFOR LOADHIGH
2
SET CMD3=%CMD3% LOCK MD MEM.EXE MODE.COM MORE.COM MOVE.EXE MSCDEX.EXE MSD.EXE
SET CMD3=%CMD3% NLSFUNC.EXE PATH PAUSE PROMPT RD
IF NOT ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO SKP1
SET CMD3=%CMD3% REGEDIT.EXE
:SKP1
SET CMD3=%CMD3% REM REN SCANDISK.EXE SCANREG.EXE SET SETVER.EXE SHIFT SMARTDRV.EXE
3
SET CMD4=%CMD4% SORT.EXE SUBST.EXE SYS.COM TIME TRUENAME TYPE UNLOCK VER VERIFY VOL
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO SKP2
SET CMD4=%CMD4% XCOPY32.EXE
GOTO SKP3
:SKP2
SET CMD4=%CMD4% XCOPY.EXE
:SKP3
SET T=%TEMP%\{}.@#$
SET C=%TEMP%\DOS7CMD.TXT
SET LINE=***************************************
SET LINE=%LINE%%LINE%
ECHO.>%TEMP%\45.@#$
DOS7CMD.BAT %CMD1%
:GO!
ECHO %LINE%>>%T%
ECHO. %1>>%T%
ECHO.>>%TEMP%\%1.@#$
ECHO %LINE%>>%T%
ECHO M | %1 /?>>%T%
ECHO.>>%C%
TYPE %T%>>%C%
DEL %T%>NUL
SHIFT
IF "%1"=="1" DOS7CMD.BAT %CMD2%
IF "%1"=="" GOTO LPX
GOTO GO!
:LPX
DEL %TEMP%\*.@#$>NUL
IF NOT EXIST %winbootdir%\COMMAND\NUL MD %winbootdir%\COMMAND>NUL
IF NOT EXIST %winbootdir%\COMMAND\ATTRIB.EXE GOTO ATR
IF EXIST %winbootdir%\COMMAND\DOS7CMD.TXT ATTRIB +A -H -R -S %winbootdir
%\COMMAND\DOS7CMD.TXT>NUL
:ATR
IF EXIST %TEMP%\DOS7CMD.TXT COPY/Y %TEMP%\DOS7CMD.TXT %winbootdir%\COMMAND>NUL
IF NOT EXIST %winbootdir%\COMMAND\DOS7CMD.TXT GOTO END
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO D0S
IF NOT EXIST %windir%\COMMAND\START.EXE GOTO END
IF EXIST %windir%\NOTEPAD.EXE START.EXE /W NOTEPAD.EXE %windir%\COMMAND\DOS7CMD.TXT
GOTO END
:D0S
IF EXIST %winbootdir%\COMMAND\EDIT.COM EDIT.COM %winbootdir%\COMMAND\DOS7CMD.TXT
:END
EXIT
------End cut & paste here------
Then run DOS7CMD.BAT.

DOS7CMD.BAT creates %windir%\COMMAND\DOS7CMD.TXT [%windir% = usually
C:\WINDOWS] and then opens it for your viewing pleasure with Notepad (if
DOS7CMD.BAT executed from within Windows) or EDIT (if DOS7CMD.BAT executed
from native/real/true/pure MS-DOS).
Make sure ALL external commands [actual files] are located into their default
directories (see above) or somewhere in your PATH, eventually specified on the
"SET PATH=" statement in your CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT [both located in C:\
root], so DOS7CMD.BAT can find them.
EXCEPTIONS:
CVT + EXTRAC32 command line parameters screen output display NOT available.
CVT displays only a graphical interface when executed without any parameters.
REGEDIT + SCANDISK command line parameters NOT available from within Windows.
XCOPY32 command line parameters NOT available from native/real/true/pure
MS-DOS because LFN (Long File Names) support is only available from within
Windows.
START command [available only from within Windows] line parameters screen
output display canNOT be redirected to a text file.
Command line parameters/switches/arguments are usually case insensitive [upper

case works same as lower case]. EXCEPTIONS:
CSCRIPT.EXE
FIND.EXE "string" [only if not using the /I parameter]
JVIEW.EXE
PING.EXE [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]] destination-list
PROMPT $? = special codes [ANSI DOS console driver (ANSI.COM, ANSI.SYS or
NANSI.SYS) required to be already loaded in memory!]
See "F1-F12 Remapping = MS-DOS Mode + ANSI Driver" in DOSTIPS.TXT (included)
for details.
MS-DOS Commands on the Internet:

- Undocumented DOS Commands:
http://www.textfiles.com/hacking/MICROSOFT/dosundoc.txt
- The Undocumented DOS Commands:
http://digilander.libero.it/unno2/navighiamo/DOS.txt
- Undocumented COMMAND.COM Features:
http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a7425519/programme/command.htm
- NOTES ON MS-DOS 6.22 + BATCH programming on Win9x:
http://2dos.homepage.dk/batutil/help/INDEX.HTM
- MS-Dos7 Commands:
http://www.lagmonster.org/docs/DOS7/
- DOS 7 COMMANDS:
http://web.archive.org/web/20120310053804/http://www.colba.net/~hlebo49/dos7comm.ht
m
- First Steps towards System Programming under MS-DOS7 [3.3 MB, book in PDF
format]:
http://adoxa.altervista.org/dos7book/
- MSDOS Help + Commands:
http://www.computerhope.com/msdos.htm
- Essential DOS Commands + Concepts:
http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/tips/doshelp.html
- DOS Command Index:
http://www.easydos.com/dosindex.html
- MS-DOS v6.22 Help Command Reference:
http://www.vfrazee.com/ms-dos/6.22/help/
- Internal DOS Commands:
http://dos.rsvs.net/DOSPAGE/DOS_IC.HTM
- External DOS Commands:
http://dos.rsvs.net/DOSPAGE/DOS_EX.HTM
- The MS-DOS 7 Internal Commands:
http://thestarman.pcministry.com/DOS/DOS7INT.htm
- The MS-DOS 7 External Commands:
http://thestarman.pcministry.com/DOS/DOS7EXT.htm
- The Windows 95/98 Network Console Commands:
http://thestarman.pcministry.com/DOS/DOS7NET.htm
- DOS Commands:
http://www.uv.tietgen.dk/staff/mlha/PC/Soft/DOS/com/
- MS TechNet: MS-DOS 6.22 Batch Commands:
- MS TechNet: MS-DOS 6.22 Supplemental Disk:
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/archive/msdos/01_intro.mspx
- Microsoft MS-DOS 5.0 Internal and External Commands:
- MS-DOS Reference:
http://www.nukesoft.co.uk/msdos/
- Batch Files & Batch Commands:
http://www.robvanderwoude.com/batchcommands.php
- Wikipedia: List of MS-DOS commands:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MS-DOS_commands
- Wikipedia: MS-DOS:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS
- See "Reference: Memory Management Terms + System Files @ Wikipedia" in
MEMORY.TXT (included):
http://www.mdgx.com/mem7.htm#WKL
- See DOSTIPS.TXT (included) for more DOS tips + links.
LEGEND:
[E] = External command = actual file executable exists: *.COM or *.EXE.
[I] = Internal command = actual file executable does NOT exist.
All internal commands are built into IO.SYS + COMMAND.COM and load into
memory at boot time from within IO.SYS [default], CONFIG.SYS and/or
AUTOEXEC.BAT [custom].
[B] = DOS BATch [*.BAT] file specific command. Most can be also used from
DOS/MS-DOS.
[C] = CONFIG.SYS only command and/or can be also used in CONFIG.SYS.
[D] = Available ONLY from native/real/true/pure DOS/MS-DOS.
[W] = Available ONLY from within Windows DOS console (box/session/window).
[U] = UNdocumented command and/or command line parameter(s)/switch(es).
[X] = Extra command: NOT installed by default by Windows 95/98/ME. You need to
copy it manually onto your hard disk [preferably to %windir%\COMMAND] from
your Windows Setup CD-ROM/floppies:
- \OTHER\OLDMSDOS = Windows 95/95a OSR1/95B OSR 2.0/95B OSR 2.1/95C OSR 2.5.
- \TOOLS\OLDMSDOS = Windows 98/98 SP1/98 SE(U)/ME.
All commands below are listed in alphabetical order.

______________________________________________________________________________
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[E] [W] ARP.EXE
Displays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address translation tables used by
address resolution protocol (ARP).
ARP -s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr]

ARP -d inet_addr [if_addr]
ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr]
-a Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current

protocol data. If inet_addr is specified, the IP and Physical
addresses for only the specified computer are displayed. If
more than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each ARP
table are displayed.
-g Same as -a.
inet_addr Specifies an internet address.
-N if_addr Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified
by if_addr.
-d Deletes the host specified by inet_addr.
-s Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr
with the Physical address eth_addr. The Physical address is
given as 6 hexadecimal bytes separated by hyphens. The entry
is permanent.
eth_addr Specifies a physical address.
if_addr If present, this specifies the Internet address of the
interface whose address translation table should be modified.
If not present, the first applicable interface will be used.
Example:
> arp -s 157.55.85.212 00-aa-00-62-c6-09 .... Adds a static entry.
> arp -a .... Displays the arp table.
More info:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] ATTRIB.EXE
Displays or changes file attributes.
ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [[drive:][path]filename] [/S]
+ Sets an attribute.
- Clears an attribute.
R Read-only file attribute.
A Archive file attribute.
S System file attribute.
H Hidden file attribute.
/S Processes files in all directories in the specified path.
In case you see an error message similar to (example = substitute X with a

valid drive letter):
"Sharing violation reading drive X

Abort, Retry, Fail?"
while running an ATTRIB.EXE command line, you must press A (Abort) or F (Fail)
to be allowed to continue.
This means you are trying to modify file(s)/directory(ies) attributes already
in use by the OS or by a running program.
Workaround:
Add "ECHO A | " in front of all command lines that use the ATTRIB command
(example):
ECHO A | ATTRIB +A -H -R -S C:\*.*

______________________________________________________________________________
[I] BREAK
Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.
BREAK [ON | OFF]
Type BREAK without a parameter to display the current BREAK setting.

BREAK functionality is similar to pressing Ctrl+Break simultaneously.
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [B] CALL
Calls one batch program from another.
CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters]
batch-parameters Specifies any command-line information required by the

batch program.
Must always use the .BAT file extension with the CALL command (examples):
Correct usage:
IF EXIST C:\MYBATS\MYBAT.BAT CALL C:\MYBATS\MYBAT.BAT

or:
CALL C:\MYBATS\MYBAT.BAT
Incorrect usage:
IF EXIST C:\MYBATS\MYBAT.BAT CALL C:\MYBATS\MYBAT

or:
CALL C:\MYBATS\MYBAT
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] CD = CHDIR
Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
CHDIR [drive:][path]
CHDIR[..]
CD [drive:][path]
CD[..]
.. Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.
Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive.

Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory.
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] CHCP
Displays or sets the active code page number.
CHCP [nnn]
nnn Specifies a code page number.
Type CHCP without a parameter to display the active code page number.
Must load NLSFUNC.EXE from CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT followed by COUNTRY.SYS

before running CHCP to be able to (re)set active code page (examples):
CONFIG.SYS line:
INSTALLHIGH=C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\NLSFUNC.EXE C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\COUNTRY.SYS
AUTOEXEC.BAT lines:
C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\NLSFUNC.EXE C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\COUNTRY.SYS
CHCP 852

for more language codes info.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] CHKDSK.EXE
Checks a disk and displays a status report.
CHKDSK [drive:][[path]filename] [/F] [/V]
[drive:][path] Specifies the drive and directory to check.

filename Specifies the file(s) to check for fragmentation.
/F Fixes errors on the disk.
/V Displays the full path and name of every file on the disk.
Type CHKDSK without parameters to check the current disk.
Instead of using CHKDSK, try using SCANDISK. SCANDISK can reliably detect
and fix a much wider range of disk problems.
CHKDSK.EXE should not be used if possible. Use SCANDISK.EXE (further below)

instead.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [B] CHOICE.COM
Waits for the user to choose one of a set of choices.
CHOICE [/C[:]choices] [/N] [/S] [/T[:]c,nn] [text]
/C[:]choices Specifies allowable keys. Default is YN

/N Do not display choices and ? at end of prompt string.
/S Treat choice keys as case sensitive.
/T[:]c,nn Default choice to c after nn seconds
text Prompt string to display
ERRORLEVEL is set to offset of key user presses in choices.
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] CLS
Clears the screen.
CLS
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [C] [U] COMMAND.COM
Starts a new copy of the Windows Command Interpreter.
COMMAND [[drive:]path] [device] [/E:nnnnn] [/L:nnnn] [/U:nnn] [/P] [/MSG]

[/LOW] [/Y [/[C|K] command]]
[drive:]path Specifies the directory containing COMMAND.COM.
device Specifies the device to use for command input and output.
/E:nnnnn Sets the initial environment size to nnnnn bytes.
(nnnnn should be between 256 and 32,768).
/L:nnnn Specifies internal buffers length (requires /P as well).
(nnnn should be between 128 and 1,024).
/U:nnn Specifies the input buffer length (requires /P as well).
(nnn should be between 128 and 255).
/P Makes the new Command Interpreter permanent (can't exit).
/MSG Stores all error messages in memory (requires /P as well).
/LOW Forces COMMAND to keep its resident data in low memory.
/Y Steps through the batch program specified by /C or /K.
/C command Executes the specified command and returns.
/K command Executes the specified command and continues running.
/D (DENY) Disables automatic disk "Fail" response enabled by /F
switch.
/F (FAIL) Forces automatic "Fail" response to all "Abort, Retry,
Fail" messages issued by DOS critical error handler. If disk
not ready automatically goes to "Fail".
/T Forces COMMAND.COM resident module to load permanently in low
memory (below the 640K barrier).
/Z (ZERO) displays "ERRORLEVEL" return code messages after
executing external DOS commands.
If used in CONFIG.SYS must be part of the SHELL command and/or COMSPEC

environment variable command (example):
SHELL=C:\COMMAND.COM C:\ /E:1024 /P /F

SET COMSPEC=C:\COMMAND.COM
See "COMMAND.COM HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):

http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#COMMAND
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] COPY
Copies one or more files to another location.
COPY [/A | /B] source [/A | /B] [+ source [/A | /B] [+ ...]] [destination
[/A | /B]] [/V] [/Y | /-Y]
source Specifies the file or files to be copied.

/A Indicates an ASCII text file.
/B Indicates a binary file.
destination Specifies the directory and/or filename for the new file(s).
/V Verifies that new files are written correctly.
/Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an
existing destination file.
/-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an
existing destination file.
The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable.

This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line
To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files
for source (using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format).
Run this command to join pieces of the same MPG video file back together
(example):
COPY/B VID_01.MPG + VID_02.MPG + VID_03.MPG VID_NEW.MPG
Preset COPY + MOVE command line switches can be forced to run automatically
without being prompted for input every time the COPY + MOVE commands are
executed, by adding them into the COPYCMD environment variable listed in
CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT (example):
SET COPYCMD=/Y
Run this command to view the contents of any file (if it fits in memory), 1
screen at a time (example):
COPY/B C:\TOOLS\PROGRAM0.EXE CON | MORE
Then dump the entire file contents from screen memory to a text/ASCII file
(example):
COPY/B CON PROGRAM0.TXT
When done press Ctrl + Z at the same time (or F6) to return back to the DOS
prompt.
And/or print the entire file contents from screen memory to the default
printer port in text/ASCII format (example):
COPY/B CON LPT1
When done press Ctrl + Z at the same time (or F6) to return back to the DOS
prompt.
For compatibility reasons use the non-existent /Z switch (operation continues

uninterrupted) at the console/DOS command prompt and in DOS BATch files in
case using any command interpreter/shell other than MS COMMAND.COM (example):
COPY/Z C:\HERFILES\MYFILE.TXT C:\MYFILES
Can be combined with the valid /Y switch (example):

COPY/Y/Z C:\HERFILES\MYFILE.TXT C:\MYFILES
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] CSCRIPT.EXE
Usage: CScript scriptname.extension [option...] [arguments...]
Options:
//B Batch mode: Suppresses script errors and prompts from displaying
//D Enable Active Debugging
//E:engine Use engine for executing script
//H:CScript Changes the default script host to CScript.exe
//H:WScript Changes the default script host to WScript.exe (default)
//I Interactive mode (default, opposite of //B)
//Job:xxxx Execute a WSF job
//Logo Display logo (default)
//Nologo Prevent logo display: No banner will be shown at execution time
//S Save current command line options for this user
//T:nn Time out in seconds: Maximum time a script is permitted to run
//X Execute script in debugger
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [B] CTTY
Changes the terminal device used to control your system.
CTTY device
device The terminal device you want to use, such as COM1.
CTTY = Change TeleTYpewriter (old computer terminal/teleprinter).
Valid local/remote input/output (I/O) devices (examples, depending on hardware

configuration):
AUX
COM1
COM2
COM3
COM4
...
COMm
CON
LPT1
LPT2
LPT3
...
LPTn
NUL
PRN
Sustitute m (COMm) + n (LPTn) with a valid integer number from 1 to 9.
Meaning:
AUX = AUXiliary port
COMm = Serial COMmunication port # m (default: m = 1 - 9)
CON = CONsole = real/visible screen/display + keyboard ports
LPTn = Line PrinTer port # n (default: n = 1 - 9)
NUL = NULl = fake/invisible screen/display + keyboard ports
PRN = PRiNter port
Can be used in batch files [or at the DOS prompt] followed by NUL to disable
console (display) output:
CTTY NUL
After that must reenable console (display) output from within same batch file
[or from the DOS prompt]:
CTTY CON
Otherwise all following DOS commands and their standard console (display)
output will NOT be visible.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [U] CVT.EXE
Converts 16-bit FAT (FAT16) file system to 32-bit FAT (FAT32) file system.
Usage: CVT D: where D is the drive to convert.
D: A drive letter followed by a colon specifies the drive letter of the

volume to be converted to FAT32 format.
/CVT32 This parameter prevents a user from accidentally running the

converter. Without this parameter, the utility will not run.
[/WIN] In normal operation, the converter is intended to be run under MS-DOS

and not in an MS-DOS VM in Windows 98. Without this parameter, the
converter will not run in an MS-DOS VM in Windows 98.
[1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 32] This parameter overrides the converter's internal

cluster size selection logic.
[/NOP] Suppress all warning dialogs, as well as user queries associated with
the warning dialogs that the converter displays when it detects a
problem.
[/NOSCAN] This parameter causes the converter to skip running MS-DOS

SCANDISK prior to converting the volume.
[/MIN] This parameter overrides the minimum volume size logic that the
converter uses to determine whether converting a volume to FAT32 is
feasible. The conversion will take place even if the volume is too
small to economically convert to FAT32.
[/NT5] If a FAT32-aware version of Windows NT is already installed on this

system, this parameter causes the converter to convert the volume to
FAT32 and provide for dual-boot capability between Windows NT and
Windows 98.
[/HIB] The converter checks for any file in the following list of hibernate
files present in the root directory of the volume to be converted to
FAT32.
[/ERRLOG filename] Write the status code of the conversion to a file

named "filename".
[/HELP] Use of this switch or the /? switch displays the following
Help text.
MS TechNet: Chapter 10 - Disks and File Systems:

http://www.microsoft.com/technet/archive/win98/reskit/part2/wrkc10.mspx
See "DISK PARTITIONING, FORMATTING, BACKUP + RECOVERY TOOLS" in SECRETS.TXT

(included):
http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#FDPT
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] DATE
Displays or sets the date.
DATE [date]
Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting and
a prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same date.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] DEBUG.EXE
Runs Debug, a program testing and editing tool.
DEBUG [[drive:][path]filename [testfile-parameters]]
[drive:][path]filename Specifies the file you want to test.

testfile-parameters Specifies command-line information required by
the file you want to test.
After Debug starts, type ? to display a list of debugging commands.
With DEBUG interface started:

Type G (case insensitive) and press Enter to start a DEBUG routine.
Type Q (case insensitive) and press Enter to exit (Quit) DEBUG and return to
the DOS prompt.
A Guide to DEBUG:
http://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/debug/debug.htm
DEBUG Tutorial:
http://www.armory.com/~rstevew/Public/Tutor/Debug/debug-manual.html
Computer DEBUG routines:
http://www.computerhope.com/rdebug.htm
DEBUG Command:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debug_%28command%29
Examples of using DEBUG:

- "REBOOT WITH DEBUG":
http://www.mdgx.com/newtip19.htm#RWD
- "BACKUP MBR WITH DEBUG":
http://www.mdgx.com/newtip18.htm#BMWD
- "DEBUG BIOS PASSWORD":
http://www.mdgx.com/newtip20.htm#DBP
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] DEL = ERASE

Deletes one or more files.
DEL [drive:][path]filename [/P]

ERASE [drive:][path]filename [/P]
[drive:][path]filename Specifies the file(s) to delete. Specify multiple

files by using wildcards.
/P Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file.
Use this command line to delete all files within same directory without being
prompted [Y (Yes)/N (No)] before deleting each file (example):
ECHO Y | DEL C:\DIRNAME\*.*

______________________________________________________________________________
[E] DELTREE.EXE
Deletes a directory and all the subdirectories and files in it.
To delete one or more files and directories:

DELTREE [/Y] [drive:]path [[drive:]path[...]]
/Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to delete

the subdirectory.
[drive:]path Specifies the name of the directory you want to delete.
Note: Use DELTREE cautiously. Every file and subdirectory within the
specified directory will be deleted.
In case you see an error message similar to (example = substitute X with a

valid drive letter):
"Sharing violation reading drive X

Abort, Retry, Fail?"
while running a DELTREE.EXE command line, you must press A (Abort) or F (Fail)
to be allowed to continue.
This means you are trying to delete directory(ies) already in use by the OS or
by a running program.
Workaround:
Add "ECHO A | " in front of all DELTREE.EXE command lines to delete all files
(and subdirectories, if any) within same directory without being prompted
[A (Abort)/R (Retry)/F (Fail)] before deleting each file/directory (example):
ECHO A | DELTREE.EXE/Y C:\DIRNAME

______________________________________________________________________________
[I] DIR
Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/P] [/W] [/A[[:]attributes]]

[/O[[:]sortorder]] [/S] [/B] [/L] [/V] [/4]
[drive:][path][filename] Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list.

(Could be enhanced file specification or multiple
filespecs.)
/P Pauses after each screenful of information.
/W Uses wide list format.
/A Displays files with specified attributes.
attributes D Directories R Read-only files
H Hidden files A Files ready for archiving
S System files - Prefix meaning not
/O List by files in sorted order.
sortorder N By name (alphabetic) S By size (smallest first)
E By extension (alphabetic) D By date & time (earliest first)
G Group directories first - Prefix to reverse order
A By Last Access Date (earliest first)
/S Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories.
/B Uses bare format (no heading information or summary).
/L Uses lowercase.
/V Verbose mode.
/4 Displays year with 4 digits (ignored if /V also given).
Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable. Override

preset switches by prefixing any switch with - (hyphen)--for example, /-W.
Directory [+ subdirectory(ies) (if any)] files list output can be redirected

to a text file (example):
DIR/A:-D/O:GEN/B/-P/S C:\DIRNAME\*.* > %TEMP%\DIRNAME.TXT
Preset DIR command line switches can be forced to run automatically every time
the DIR command is executed by adding them into the DIRCMD environment
variable listed in CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT (example):
SET DIRCMD=/A/O:GEN/P/V
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] DISKCOPY.COM
Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.
DISKCOPY [drive1: [drive2:]] [/1] [/V] [/M]
/1 Copies only the first side of the disk.

/V Verifies that the information is copied correctly.
/M Force multi-pass copy using memory only.
The two floppy disks must be of the same type.

You may specify the same drive for drive1 and drive2.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [C] DOSKEY.COM
Edits command lines, recalls command lines, and creates macros.
DOSKEY [/switch ...] [macroname=[text]]
/BUFSIZE:size Sets size of macro and command buffer (default:512)

/ECHO:on|off Enables/disables echo of macro expansions (default:on)
/FILE:file Specifies file containing a list of macros
/HISTORY Displays all commands stored in memory
/INSERT Inserts new characters into line when typing
/KEYSIZE:size Sets size of keyboard type-ahead buffer (default:15)
/LINE:size Sets maximum size of line edit buffer (default:128)
/MACROS Displays all DOSKey macros
/OVERSTRIKE Overwrites new characters onto line when typing (default)
/REINSTALL Installs a new copy of DOSKey
macroname Specifies a name for a macro you create
text Specifies commands you want to assign to the macro
UP,DOWN arrows recall commands

Esc clears current command
F7 displays command history
Alt+F7 clears command history
[chars]F8 searches for command beginning with [chars]
F9 selects a command by number
Alt+F10 clears macro definitions
The following are special codes you can use in DOSKey macro definitions:
$T Command separator: allows multiple commands in a macro
$1-$9 Batch parameters: equivalent to %1-%9 in batch programs
$* Symbol replaced by everything following macro name on the command line
DOSKEY macros (example):
LH DOSKEY DL=FOR%%A IN ($*) DO DEL %%A
In this case DL replaces the DEL/ERASE internal DOS command for deleting
multiple files.
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] ECHO
Displays messages or turns command-echoing on or off.
ECHO [ON | OFF]

ECHO [message]
Type ECHO without parameters to display the current echo setting.
To avoid the display of each command when running a batch (.BAT) file, add "@"
in front of the "ECHO OFF" command line, which should be the 1st batch command
(example):
@ECHO OFF
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] EDIT.COM
MS-DOS Editor Version 2.0.026 Copyright (c) Microsoft Corp 1995.
EDIT [/B] [/H] [/R] [/S] [/<nnn>] [/?] [file(s)]
/B - Forces monochrome mode.

/H - Displays the maximum number of lines possible for your hardware.
/R - Load file(s) in read-only mode.
/S - Forces the use of short filenames.
/<nnn> - Load binary file(s), wrapping lines to <nnn> characters wide.
/? - Displays this help screen.
[file] - Specifies initial files(s) to load. Wildcards and multiple
filespecs can be given.
Run this command to edit binary files (example):
EDIT /70 C:\MYTOOLS\MYTOOL.EXE
/70 = number of columns to force the file code to fit into the DOS screen.
More info:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS_Editor
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [C] [U] EMM386 + EMM386.EXE
Enables or disables EMM386 expanded-memory support on a computer with an 80386

or higher processor. The EMM386 command also enables or disables Weitek
coprocessor support.
EMM386.EXE must be loaded as a device driver (using the DEVICE command) from
CONFIG.SYS:
see %windir%\CONFIG.TXT [%windir% = usually C:\WINDOWS], also at:
See "My CONFIG.SYS + AUTOEXEC.BAT Step by Step:" -> "My CONFIG.SYS Lines
Explained" in MEMORY.TXT (included) for more details.
The EMM386 device driver, EMM386.EXE, provides expanded-memory support and

also provides access to the upper memory area.
EMM386
Turns on or off EMM386 expanded memory support.
Syntax:
EMM386 [ON|OFF|AUTO] [W=ON|W=OFF]
To display the current status of EMM386 expanded-memory support, use the

following syntax:
EMM386
Parameters:
ON|OFF|AUTO
Activates the EMM386 device driver (if set to ON), or suspends the
EMM386 device driver (if set to OFF), or places the EMM386 device driver
in auto mode (if set to AUTO). Auto mode enables expanded-memory support
only when a program calls for it. The default value is ON.
W=ON|W=OFF
Enables (if set to W=ON) or disables (if set to W=OFF) Weitek
coprocessor support. The default value is W=OFF.
EMM386.EXE
EMM386.EXE provides access to the upper memory area and uses extended memory
to simulate expanded memory. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE
command in your CONFIG.SYS file and can be used only on computers that have an
80386 or higher processor.
EMM386 also makes it possible to load programs and device drivers into upper
memory blocks (UMBs).
Syntax:
DEVICE=[drive:][path]EMM386.EXE [ON|OFF|AUTO] [memory] [MIN=size]

[W=ON|W=OFF] [Mx|FRAME=address|/Pmmmm] [Pn=address] [X=mmmm-nnnn]
[I=mmmm-nnnn] [B=address] [L=minXMS] [A=altregs] [H=handles] [D=nnn]
[RAM=mmmm-nnnn] [NOEMS] [NOVCPI] [HIGHSCAN] [VERBOSE] [WIN=mmmm-nnnn]
[NOHI] [ROM=mmmm-nnnn] [NOMOVEXBDA] [ALTBOOT] [NOBACKFILL]
Parameters:
[drive:][path]
Specifies the location of the EMM386.exe file.
[ON|OFF|AUTO]
Activates the EMM386 device driver (if set to ON),
or suspends the EMM386 device driver (if set to OFF),
or places the EMM386 device driver in auto mode (if
set to AUTO). Auto mode enables expanded-memory support
and upper-memory-block support only when a program
calls for it. The default value is ON. Use the EMM386
command to change this value after EMM386 has started.
memory
Specifies the maximum amount of extended memory
(in kilobytes) that you want EMM386 to provide as
expanded/Virtual Control Program Interface (EMS/VCPI)
memory. This amount is in addition to the memory used
for UMBs and EMM386 itself. Values for memory are in
the range 64 through the lesser of either 32768 or
the amount of extended memory available when EMM386
is loaded. The default value is the amount of free
extended memory. If you specify the NOEMS switch, the
default value is 0. EMM386 rounds the value down to
the nearest multiple of 16.
Switches:
MIN=size
Specifies the minimum amount of EMS/VCPI memory
(in kilobytes) that EMM386 will provide, if that
amount of memory is available. EMM386 reserves this
amount of extended memory for use as EMS/VCPI memory
when EMM386 is loaded by the DEVICE=EMM386.EXE
command in your Config.sys file. EMM386 may be able
to provide additional EMS/VCPI memory (up to the
amount specified by the MEMORY parameter) if
sufficient XMS memory is available when a program
requests EMS/VCPI memory. Values are in the range 0
through the value specified by the MEMORY parameter.
The default value is 256. If you specify the NOEMS
switch, the default value is 0. If the value of
MIN is greater than the value of MEMORY, EMM386 uses
the value specified by MIN.
W=ON|W=OFF
Enables or disables support for the Weitek co-processor.
The default setting is W=OFF.
Mx
Specifies the address of the page frame. Valid
values for x are in the range 1 through 14. The
following list shows each value and its
associated base address in hexadecimal format:
1 => C000h 8 => DC00h

2 => C400h 9 => E000h
3 => C800h 10 => 8000h
4 => CC00h 11 => 8400h
5 => D000h 12 => 8800h
6 => D400h 13 => 8C00h
7 => D800h 14 => 9000h
Values in the range 10 through 14 should be used

only on computers that have at least 512K of memory.
FRAME=address
Specifies the page-frame segment base directly.
To specify a specific segment-base address for
the page frame, use the FRAME switch and
specify the address you want. Valid values for
address are in the ranges 8000h through 9000h
and C000h through E000h, in increments of 400h. To
provide expanded memory and disable the page frame,
you can specify FRAME=NONE; however, this setting
may cause some programs that require expanded memory
to work incorrectly.
/Pmmmm
Specifies the address of the page frame. Valid
values for mmmm are in the ranges 8000h through
9000h and C000h through E000h, in increments of
400h.
Pn=address
Specifies the segment address of a specific page,
where n is the number of the page you are specifying
and address is the segment address you want. Valid
values for n are in the range 0 through 255. Valid
values for address are in the ranges 8000h through
9C00h and C000h through EC00h, in increments of 400h.
The addresses for pages 0 through 3 must be contiguous
to maintain compatibility with version 3.2 of the
Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Specification
(LIM EMS). If you use the Mx switch, the FRAME switch,
or the /Pmmmm switch, you cannot specify the addresses
for pages 0 through 3 for the /Pmmmm switch.
X=mmmm-nnnn
Prevents EMM386 from using a particular range of
segment addresses for an EMS page or for UMBs. Valid
values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h
through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest
4K boundary. The X switch takes precedence over the
I switch if the two ranges overlap.
I=mmmm-nnnn
Specifies a range of segment addresses to be used
(included) for an EMS page or for UMBs. Valid
values for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h
through FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest
4K boundary. The X switch takes precedence
over the I switch if the two ranges overlap.
B=address
Specifies the lowest segment address available
for EMS "banking" (swapping of 16K pages). Valid
values are in the range 1000h through 4000h. The
default value is 4000h.
l=minXMS
Ensures that the specified amount (in kilobytes)
of extended memory will still be available after
EMM386 is loaded. The default value is 0.
A=altregs
Specifies how many fast alternate register sets
(used for multitasking) you want to allocate to
EMM386. Valid values are in the range 0 through
254. The default value is 7. Every alternate register
set adds about 200 bytes to the size in memory of
EMM386.
H=handles
Specifies how many handles EMM386 can use. Valid
values are in the range 2 through 255. The default
value is 64.
D=nnn
Specifies how many kilobytes of memory should be
reserved for buffered direct memory access (DMA).
Discounting floppy disk DMA, this value should reflect
the largest DMA transfer that will occur while EMM386
is active. Valid values for nnn are in the range
16 through 256. The default value is 32.
RAM=mmmm-nnnn
Specifies a range of segment addresses to be used
for UMBs; also enables EMS support. If you do
not specify a range, EMM386 uses all available adapter
space to create UMBs and a page frame for EMS.
NOEMS
Provides access to the upper memory area but
prevents access to expanded memory.
NOVCPI
Disables support for VCPI programs. This
switch must be used with the NOEMS switch.
If you specify the NOVCPI switch without specifying
the NOEMS switch, EMM386 does not disable
VCPI support. If you specify both switches,
EMM386 disregards the MEMORY parameter and the
MIN switch. Disabling support for VCPI programs
reduces the amount of extended memory allocated.
HIGHSCAN
Specifies that EMM386 use an additional check
to determine the availability of upper memory
for use as UMBs or EMS windows. On some
computers, specifying this switch may have no
effect or might cause EMM386 to identify upper memory
areas as available when they are not. As a
result, your computer may stop responding.
VERBOSE
Directs EMM386 to display status and error
messages while loading. By default, EMM386 displays
messages only if it encounters an error condition.
You can abbreviate VERBOSE as V. (To display status
messages without adding the VERBOSE switch, press
and hold the ALT key while EMM386 starts and loads.)
WIN=mmmm-nnnn
Reserves a specified range of segment addresses
for Windows instead of for EMM386. Valid values
for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h through
FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4K
boundary. The X switch takes precedence over the
WIN switch if the two ranges overlap. The WIN
switch takes precedence over the RAM, ROM, and I
switches if their ranges overlap.
[NOHI]
Prevents EMM386 from loading into the upper
memory area. Normally, a portion of EMM386 is
loaded into upper memory. Specifying this switch
decreases available conventional memory and increases
the upper memory area available for UMBs.
[ROM=mmmm-nnnn]
Specifies a range of segment addresses that
EMM386 uses for shadow RAM--random-access memory
used for read-only memory (ROM). Valid values
for mmmm and nnnn are in the range A000h through
FFFFh and are rounded down to the nearest 4K
boundary. Specifying this switch may speed up your
system if it does not already have shadow RAM.
[NOMOVEXBDA]
Prevents EMM386 from moving the extended BIOS data
from conventional memory to upper memory.
[ALTBOOT]
Specifies that EMM386 use an alternate handler to
restart your computer when you press CTRL+ALT+DEL.
Use this switch only if your computer stops responding
or exhibits other unusual behavior when EMM386 is loaded
and you press CTRL+ALT+DEL.
[NOBACKFILL]
When EMM386 is configured to provide upper memory
blocks (by the NOEMS or RAM switches), EMM386
will also automatically backfill less than 640K of
conventional memory to bring total conventional memory
up to 640K. However, because Windows does not support
backfilled conventional memory, use the NOBACKFILL
switch if your computer has less than 640 KB of
conventional memory.
[NOTR]
The EMM386.EXE default detection code searches for the presence of a Token
Ring Network adapter, which may cause some computers to hang. In such cases
use the NOTR parameter to disable this search.
This is valid ONLY for EMM386.EXE versions 4.45 - 4.49 [MS-DOS 6.00 - 6.22] up
to 4.95 [Windows 95/98/ME, a.k.a. MS-DOS 7.00/7.10/8.00]. Example:
DEVICE=C:\WINDOWS\EMM386.EXE NOTR
See EMM386.TXT (included) for more details.

See "EMM386.EXE HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#EMM
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] EXIT
Quits the COMMAND.COM program (command interpreter).
EXIT
CanNOT quit the 1st COMMAND.COM instance (parent) and/or any permanent shell
environment instance, usually loaded in memory using the CONFIG.SYS SHELL
command with the /P (permanent) parameter (example):
SHELL=C:\COMMAND.COM C:\ /P
or from native/real/true/pure MS-DOS or from AUTOEXEC.BAT (example):
C:\COMMAND.COM /P
More info:
http://www.robvanderwoude.com/exit.php
Even more info:
http://www.robvanderwoude.com/command.php
Causes a DOS BATch file (*.BAT) to end (terminate) when used as its last line.
Certain BATch files run from a DOS box/console/session/window (inside Windows)
may need extra "help" to end properly and return to the DOS prompt, depending
on how they are executed: directly from a DOS box/console/session/window, from
within a PIF [MS-DOS Program Information File] file, at Windows GUI
startup/shutdown/logoff time, from within other Windows/DOS programs/BATch
files etc (use these commands either separately or in this exact order if
using all 3):
CLS
MODE CO80
EXIT
MODE CO80 = requires VGA [640x400] display.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] EXTRAC32.EXE
Supports Long File Names (LFNs) only from within Windows.
EXTRACT.EXE [below] uses same command line parameters:
EXTRAC32 [/Y] [/A] [/D | /E] [/L dir] cabinet [filename ...]
EXTRAC32 [/Y] source [newname]
EXTRAC32 [/Y] /C source destination
cabinet - Cabinet file (contains two or more files).

filename - Name of the file to extract from the cabinet.
Wild cards and multiple filenames (separated by
blanks) may be used.
source - Compressed file (a cabinet with only one file).

newname - New filename to give the extracted file.
If not supplied, the original name is used.
/A Process ALL cabinets. Follows cabinet chain

starting in first cabinet mentioned.
/C Copy source file to destination (to copy from DMF disks).
/D Display cabinet directory (use with filename to avoid extract).
/E Extract (use instead of *.* to extract all files).
/L dir Location to place extracted files (default is current directory).
/Y Do not prompt before overwriting an existing file.
See "CAB EXTRACT" in TIPS95.TXT (included):

http://www.mdgx.com/newtip15.htm#CABEX
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] EXTRACT.EXE
Does NOT support Long File Names (LFNs)!
EXTRAC32.EXE (above) uses same command line parameters:
Microsoft (R) Cabinet Extraction Tool - Version (16) 1.00.0610.0 (03/31/99)

Copyright (c) Microsoft Corp 1994-1999. All rights reserved.
EXTRACT [/Y] [/A] [/D | /E] [/L dir] cabinet [filename ...]
EXTRACT [/Y] source [newname]
EXTRACT [/Y] /C source destination
cabinet - Cabinet file (contains two or more files).

filename - Name of the file to extract from the cabinet.
Wild cards and multiple filenames (separated by
blanks) may be used.
source - Compressed file (a cabinet with only one file).

newname - New filename to give the extracted file.
If not supplied, the original name is used.
/A Process ALL cabinets. Follows cabinet chain
starting in first cabinet mentioned.
/C Copy source file to destination (to copy from DMF disks).
/D Display cabinet directory (use with filename to avoid extract).
/E Extract (use instead of *.* to extract all files).
/L dir Location to place extracted files (default is current directory).
/Y Do not prompt before overwriting an existing file.
See "EXTRACT FROM CAB" in MYTIPS95.TXT (included):

http://www.mdgx.com/last4.htm#EXTRACT
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] FC.EXE
Compares two files or sets of files and displays the differences between
them.
FC [/A] [/C] [/L] [/LBn] [/N] [/T] [/W] [/nnnn] [drive1:][path1]filename1

[drive2:][path2]filename2
FC /B [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2
/A Displays only first and last lines for each set of differences.
/B Performs a binary comparison.
/C Disregards the case of letters.
/L Compares files as ASCII text.
/LBn Sets the maximum consecutive mismatches to the specified number of
lines.
/N Displays the line numbers on an ASCII comparison.
/T Does not expand tabs to spaces.
/W Compresses white space (tabs and spaces) for comparison.
/nnnn Specifies the number of consecutive lines that must match after a
mismatch.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [U] FDISK.EXE
Configures a hard disk for use with Windows/DOS/MS-DOS.
FDISK [/STATUS] [/MBR] [/PRMT] [/Q]

FDISK [x /EXT:n] [x /LOG:n] [x /LOGO:n] [x /PRI:n] [x /PRIO:n]
/STATUS Displays partition information.

See "FDISK.EXE HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#FDISK-S
x /EXT:n See "FDISK.EXE HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#FDISK-X
x /LOG:n See "FDISK.EXE HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
x /LOGO:n See "FDISK.EXE HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
x /PRI:n See "FDISK.EXE HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
x /PRIO:n See "FDISK.EXE HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
/MBR See "FDISK.EXE HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#FDISK-M
/PRMT See "FDISK.EXE HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#FDISK-F
/Q See "FDISK.EXE HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#FDISK-Q
See "FDISK.EXE HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):

http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#FDISK
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] FIND.EXE
Searches for a text string in a file or files.
FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I] "string" [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]
/V Displays all lines NOT containing the specified string.

/C Displays only the count of lines containing the string.
/N Displays line numbers with the displayed lines.
/I Ignores the case of characters when searching for the string.
"string" Specifies the text string to find.
[drive:][path]filename
Specifies a file or files to search.
If a pathname is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at the prompt
or piped from another command.
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [B] FOR
Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.
FOR %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]
%variable Specifies a replaceable parameter.

(set) Specifies a set of one or more files. Wildcards may be used.
command Specifies the command to carry out for each file.
command-parameters
Specifies parameters or switches for the specified command.
To use the FOR command in a batch program, specify %%variable instead of

%variable.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [U] FORMAT.COM
Formats a disk for use with MS-DOS.
FORMAT drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/F:size] [/B | /S] [/C]

FORMAT drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/T:tracks /N:sectors] [/B | /S] [/C]
FORMAT drive: [/V[:label]] [/Q] [/1] [/4] [/B | /S] [/C]
FORMAT drive: [/Q] [/1] [/4] [/8] [/B | /S] [/C]
FORMAT drive: [/AUTOTEST] [/BACKUP] [/SELECT] [/U] [/Z:n]
/V[:label] Specifies the volume label.

/Q Performs a quick format.
/F:size Specifies the size of the floppy disk to format (such
as 160, 180, 320, 360, 720, 1.2, 1.44, 2.88).
/B Allocates space on the formatted disk for system files.
/S Copies system files to the formatted disk.
/T:tracks Specifies the number of tracks per disk side.
/N:sectors Specifies the number of sectors per track.
/1 Formats a single side of a floppy disk.
/4 Formats a 5.25-inch 360K floppy disk in a high-density drive.
/8 Formats eight sectors per track.
/C Tests clusters that are currently marked "bad."
/AUTOTEST See "FORMAT.COM HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#FORMAT
/BACKUP See "FORMAT.COM HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
/SELECT See "FORMAT.COM HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
/U See "FORMAT.COM HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
/Z:n See "FORMAT.COM HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):
See "FORMAT.COM HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):

______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] FTP.EXE
Transfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service

(sometimes called a daemon). Ftp can be used interactively.
FTP [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s:filename] [-a] [-w:windowsize] [-A] [host]
-v Suppresses display of remote server responses.

-n Suppresses auto-login upon initial connection.
-i Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file
transfers.
-d Enables debugging.
-g Disables filename globbing (see GLOB command).
-s:filename Specifies a text file containing FTP commands; the
commands will automatically run after FTP starts.
-a Use any local interface when binding data connection.
-A login as anonymous.
-w:buffersize Overrides the default transfer buffer size of 4096.
host Specifies the host name or IP address of the remote
host to connect to.
Use custom scripts to upload file(s) to ftp server(s) (example):
FTP -s:FTPUPLD ftp.servername.com
FTPUPLD contents:
username
password
cd ftpdirectory/ftpsubdirectory
bin
put filename.ext
bye
If FTPUPLD is not located into the same directory/folder as FTP.EXE, its full
path name must be specified on the FTP command line.
Substitute servername, FTPUPLD, username, password, ftpdirectory,
ftpsubdirectory, filename + file extension with actual values.
Passwords, ftp (sub)directory names, file names + file extensions are usually
case sensitive.
More info:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTP
Even more info:
http://thestarman.pcministry.com/DOS/ftp.htm
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [X] HELP.COM
Starts MS-DOS Help on MS-DOS commands.
HELP [/B] [/G] [/H] [/NOHI] [topic]
/B Allows use of a monochrome monitor with a color graphics card.

/G Provides the fastest update of a CGA screen.
/H Displays the maximum number of lines possible for your hardware.
/NOHI Allows the use of a monitor without high-intensity support.
[topic] Specifies the help topic to view.
Install Unofficial MS-DOS 7.xx/8.00 Help System HELP.HLP Update [327 KB]:
http://www.mdgx.com/files/HELPHLP.EXE
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [B] GOTO
Directs Windows to a labelled line in a batch program.
GOTO label
label Specifies a text string used in the batch program as a label.
You type a label on a line by itself, beginning with a colon.

______________________________________________________________________________
[E] IEXTRACT.EXE
Microsoft (R) Internet Explorer Backup Information Extraction Tool

Copyright (c) Microsoft Corp. 1997. All rights reserved.
IEXTRACT [/W] [/L dir] datafile [filename ...]
/W Warn before overwriting a file

(default: overwrite existing files)
/L dir Save extracted files in this location
(default: current directory)
datafile Full qualified path to the backup information
.dat file (required)
filename Name of the file to extract from the backup information file
You can use multiple filenames (separated by blanks).
(default: all files)
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [B] IF
Performs conditional processing in batch programs.
IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL number command

IF [NOT] string1==string2 command
IF [NOT] EXIST filename command
NOT Specifies that Windows should carry out the command

only if the condition is false.
ERRORLEVEL number Specifies a true condition if the last program run
returned an exit code equal to or greater than the
number specified.
command Specifies the command to carry out if the condition is
met.
string1==string2 Specifies a true condition if the specified text
strings match.
EXIST filename Specifies a true condition if the specified filename
exists.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] IPCONFIG.EXE
Windows IP Configuration
Command line options:

/All - Display detailed information.
/Batch [file] - Write to file or ./WINIPCFG.OUT
/renew_all - Renew all adapters.
/release_all - Release all adapters.
/renew N - Renew adapter N.
/release N - Release adapter N.
WINIPCFG.EXE [located in %windir%\SYSTEM] uses same parameters:

MS TechNet: Network Adapters and Protocols:

http://www.microsoft.com/technet/archive/win98/reskit/part3/wrkc15.mspx
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] JVIEW.EXE
Microsoft (R) Command-line Loader for Java Version 5.00.3810

Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1996-2000. All rights reserved.
Usage: JView [options] <classname> [arguments]
Options:
/? displays usage text
/cp <classpath> set class path
/cp:p <path> prepend path to class path
/cp:a <path> append path to class path
/n <namespace> namespace in which to run
/p pauses before terminating if an error occurs
/v verify all classes
/d:<name>=<value> define system property
/a execute AppletViewer
/vst print verbose stack traces (requires debug classes)
/prof[:options] enable profiling (/prof:? for help)
Classname:
.CLASS file to be executed.
Arguments:
command-line arguments to be passed on to the class file
More info:
http://www.mdgx.com/add.htm#MSE
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [C] KEYB.COM
Configures a keyboard for a specific language.
KEYB [xx[,[yyy][,[drive:][path]filename]]] [/E] [/ID:nnn]
xx Specifies a two-letter keyboard code.

yyy Specifies the code page for the character set.
[drive:][path]filename Specifies the keyboard definition file.
/E Specifies that an enhanced keyboard is installed.
/ID:nnn Specifies the keyboard in use.
MS-DOS 6.22 - CUSTOMIZING FOR INTERNATIONAL USE:

http://2dos.homepage.dk/batutil/help/COUNTRY.HTM
Non USA Keyboard Layouts:
http://web.archive.org/web/20080609160917/http://oldfiles.org.uk/powerload/codepage
.htm
International keyboard parameters for DOS sessions:
http://www.toshiba.ca/support/techsupport/tsbs/all/-TSB000581.htm
MS-DOS 6.22 COUNTRY.TXT file:
Codepage Support Setup Information:
Active Code Page Versus Selected Code Page:
List of available keyboard codes + code pages (character sets):
List of keyboard layouts:
http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/reference/keyboards.mspx
List of Locale ID (LCID) values:
http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/reference/lcid-all.mspx
List of keyboard scan codes:
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/device/input/scancode.mspx

______________________________________________________________________________
[I] LABEL
Creates, changes or deletes the volume label of a disk.

LABEL [drive:][label]
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [B] LFNFOR
Enables/Disables Long file names when processing FOR commands.
LFNFOR [ON | OFF]
Type LFNFOR without a parameter to display the current setting.

______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [D] LOADHIGH = LH
Loads a program into the upper memory area.
LOADHIGH [drive:][path]filename [parameters]

LH [drive:][path]filename [parameters]
LOADHIGH [/L:region1[,minsize1][;region2[,minsize2]...] [/S]]
[drive:][path]filename [parameters]
/L:region1[,minsize1][;region2[,minsize2]]...
Specifies the region(s) of memory into which to load
the program. Region1 specifies the number of the first
memory region; minsize1 specifies the minimum size, if
any, for region1. Region2 and minsize2 specify the
number and minimum size of the second region, if any.
You can specify as many regions as you want.
/S Shrinks a UMB to its minimum size while the program

is loading.
[drive:][path]filename
Specifies the location and name of the program.
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [D] LOCK
Use with caution ONLY from native/real/true/pure MS-DOS mode!
Locks a drive/partition, enabling direct disk access for an application.
LOCK [drive:]
CAUTION:
Only writable external, floppy + removable drives can be LOCKed from within a
Windows DOS box/console/session/window, and only if they are not used by the
OS.
Hard drives/partitions can be LOCKed/UNLOCKed only from native/real/true/pure
MS-DOS mode.
Trying to LOCK/UNLOCK a hard drive/partition or a drive in use from within
Windows GUI (DOS box/console/session/window) will return this error message:
"(Un)Locking operation failed."
Use this command line to LOCK a valid drive letter without being prompted for
input (example):
ECHO Y | LOCK C:
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] MD = MKDIR
Creates a directory.
MKDIR [drive:]path
MD [drive:]path
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [U] MEM.EXE
Displays the amount of used and free memory in your system.
MEM [/CLASSIFY | /DEBUG | /FREE | /MODULE modulename] [/PAGE]
/CLASSIFY or /C Classifies programs by memory usage. Lists the size of

programs, provides a summary of memory in use, and lists
largest memory block available.
/DEBUG or /D Displays status of all modules in memory, internal drivers,
and other information.
/FREE or /F Displays information about the amount of free memory left
in both conventional and upper memory.
/MODULE or /M Displays a detailed listing of a module's memory use.
This option must be followed by the name of a module,
optionally separated from /M by a colon.
/PAGE or /P Pauses after each screenful of information.
/ALL or /A Displays HMA status (if any) and brief memory summary.
See "MEM.EXE HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):

http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#MEM
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] MODE.COM
Configures system devices.
Printer port: MODE LPTn[:] [COLS=c] [LINES=l] [RETRY=r]

Serial port: MODE COMm[:] [BAUD=b] [PARITY=p] [DATA=d] [STOP=s] [RETRY=r]
Device Status: MODE [device] [/STATUS]
Redirect printing: MODE LPTn[:]=COMm[:]
Prepare code page: MODE device CP PREPARE=((yyy[...]) [drive:][path]filename)
Select code page: MODE device CP SELECT=yyy
Refresh code page: MODE device CP REFRESH
Code page status: MODE device CP [/STATUS]
Display mode: MODE [display-adapter][,n]
MODE CON[:] [COLS=c] [LINES=n]
Typematic rate: MODE CON[:] [RATE=r DELAY=d]
Valid devices (examples, depending on hardware configuration):

AUX
COM1
COM2
COM3
COM4
...
COMm
CON
LPT1
LPT2
LPT3
...
LPTn
NUL
PRN
Sustitute m (COMm) + n (LPTn) with a valid integer number from 1 to 9.
Meaning:
AUX = AUXiliary port
COMm = Serial COMmunication port # m (default: m = 1 - 9)
CON = CONsole = real/visible screen/display + keyboard ports
LPTn = Line PrinTer port # n (default: n = 1 - 9)
NUL = NULl = fake/invisible screen/display + keyboard ports
PRN = PRiNter port
Adjust keyboard typematic rate (valid values: 2 - 32) and delay (valid values:
1, 2, 3 + 4) to fastest allowed:
MODE CON: RATE=32 DELAY=1
Adjust DOS VGA text screen resolution by running one of these commands
(examples):
MODE CO80 = COlor 80 Columns + 25 Lines [default]

MODE CO80,25 = COlor 80 Columns + 25 Lines [default]
MODE CO80,43 = COlor 80 Columns + 43 Lines
MODE CO40 = COlor 40 Columns + 25 Lines
MODE BW80 = BW (Black + White) 80 Columns + 25 Lines
MODE BW80,25 = BW (Black + White) 80 Columns + 25 Lines
MODE BW40 = BW (Black + White) 40 Columns + 25 Lines
MODE MONO = MONOchrome (Black + White) + 25 Lines
MODE MONO,25 = MONOchrome (Black + White) + 25 Lines
All 80 Columns MODEs require VGA (640x400) display [default on modern Personal
Computers (PCs)/IBM clones].
DOS text screen resolution is usually reset back to default (or whatever other
built-in resolution) upon exit by most DOS CGA/EGA/VGA/XVGA programs, because
some are not programmed to preserve previous DOS screen resolution.
Some of these DOS text screen resolutions require an ANSI DOS console driver
(ANSI.COM, ANSI.SYS or NANSI.SYS) to be loaded in memory from CONFIG.SYS or
AUTOEXEC.BAT (example):
DEVICEHIGH=C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\ANSI.SYS /X
More info:

for more info.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] MORE.COM
Displays output one screen at a time.
MORE [drive:][path]filename
MORE < [drive:][path]filename
command-name | MORE [drive:][path][filename]
[drive:][path]filename Specifies file(s) to display one screen at a time

command-name Specifies a command whose output will be displayed.
Certain commmands screen/display output may span more than 1 DOS page
screen/display (usually 25 lines if using default "MODE CO80" DOS screen
resolution), and cannot be viewed entirely without a "page break" type command
parameter, which may not be built into the command/executable.
Workaround:
Add " | MORE" at the end of such command lines to force 1 page at a time
screen/display (example):
MEM/A/C | MORE
and then press a key to view next available page screen/display in case such
commands scroll through more than 1 page screen.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] MOVE.EXE
Moves files and renames files and directories.
To move one or more files:

MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]filename1[,...] destination
To rename a directory:
MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]dirname1 dirname2
[drive:][path]filename1 Specifies the location and name of the file

or files you want to move.
destination Specifies the new location of the file. Destination
can consist of a drive letter and colon, a directory
name or a combination. If you are moving only one
file, you can also include a filename if you want
to rename the file when you move it.
[drive:][path]dirname1 Specifies the directory you want to rename.
dirname2 Specifies the new name of the directory.
/Y Suppresses prompting to confirm creation of a directory

or overwriting of the destination.
/-Y Causes prompting to confirm creation of a directory or
overwriting of the destination.
The switch /Y may be present in the COPYCMD environment variable.

This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line.
Preset COPY + MOVE command line switches can be forced to run automatically
without being prompted for input every time the COPY + MOVE commands are
executed, by adding them into the COPYCMD environment variable listed in
CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT (example):
SET COPYCMD=/Y
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [D] [C] MSCDEX.EXE
Usage:
MSCDEX.EXE [/D:<device name> ...] [/M:<n>] /E /V [/L:<drive letter>] /S /K
/D:<device name> Allows you to specify a name for the device

driver. This name must be identical to the
device name used in the CONFIG.SYS file.
/M:<n> Specifies the number of sector buffers used
to cache the path table of a CD-ROM/DVD disk.
Typically, each drive should have a minimum
of four to five buffers. The larger this
number is, the less your computer will have
to read directly from the CD-ROM/DVD drive.
Minimum 2 and maximum 30 buffers allowed.
/E Tells MSCDEX.EXE to use expanded memory if
your system is using expanded memory.
A LIM 3.2 or newer EMS compatible memory manager
(EMM386.EXE, QEMM386.SYS, RM386.EXE, 386MAX.SYS)
must be loaded with EMS enabled from CONFIG.SYS.
/V Displays information on memory usage
when you boot your PC.
/L:<drive letter> Allows you to specify the letter you want
to assign to the first CD-ROM/DVD drive.
/S Allows the CD-ROM/DVD to be shared on MS-NET
based systems.
/K Tells MSCDEX.EXE to use any KANJI (Japanese)
file structures, if present, rather than the
default of alphanumeric file structures.
More details @ MSKB:

Even more info:
http://www.mdgx.com/newtip1.htm#CDROM4
Even more info:
http://www.mdgx.com/newtip4.htm#CDROMNAME
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [X] MSD.EXE
Provides detailed technical information about your computer.

MSD [/I] [/F[drive:][path]filename] [/P[drive:][path]filename]
[/S[drive:][path][filename]]
MSD [/B][/I]
/B Runs MSD using a black and white color scheme.

/I Bypasses initial hardware detection.
/F[drive:][path]filename Requests input and writes an MSD report to the
specified file.
/P[drive:][path]filename Writes an MSD report to the specified file
without first requesting input.
/S[drive:][path][filename] Writes a summary MSD report to the specified
file. If no filename is specified, output is to
the screen.
Use MSD [/B] [/I] to examine technical information through the MSD interface.
See MSD9X.TXT (included) for more details.

______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] NBSTAT.EXE
Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT (NetBIOS
over TCP/IP).
NBTSTAT [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-s] [S]
[interval]
-a (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its
name.
-A (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its
IP address.
-c (cache) Lists the remote name cache including the IP

addresses.
-n (names) Lists local NetBIOS names.
-r (resolved) Lists names resolved by broadcast and via WINS
-R (Reload) Purges and reloads the remote cache name table
-S (Sessions) Lists sessions table with the destination IP

addresses.
-s (sessions) Lists sessions table converting destination IP

addresses to host names via the hosts file.
RemoteName Remote host machine name.

IP address Dotted decimal representation of the IP address.
interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds

between each display. Press Ctrl+C to stop redisplaying
statistics.
CAUTION:
Disable NetBIOS in case not using it for security reasons:
http://www.mdgx.com/newtip19.htm#INS
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] NET.EXE
For more information about a specific Microsoft NET

command, type the command name followed by /?
(for example, NET VIEW /?).
NET CONFIG Displays your current workgroup settings.

NET DIAG Runs the Microsoft Network Diagnostics program to
display diagnostic information about your network.
NET HELP Provides information about commands and
error messages.
NET INIT Loads protocol and network-adapter drivers without
binding them to Protocol Manager.
NET LOGOFF Breaks the connection between your computer and
the shared resources to which it is connected.
NET LOGON Identifies you as a member of a workgroup.
NET PASSWORD Changes your logon password.
NET PRINT Displays information about print queues
and controls print jobs.
NET START Starts services.
NET STOP Stops services.
NET TIME Displays the time on or synchronizes your computer's
clock with the clock on a Microsoft Windows for
Workgroups, Windows NT, Windows 95 or NetWare time server.
NET USE Connects to or disconnects from a shared
resource or displays information about
connections.
NET VER Displays the type and version number of the
workgroup redirector you are using.
NET VIEW Displays a list of computers that share
resources or a list of shared resources
on a specific computer.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] NETSTAT.EXE
Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections.
NETSTAT [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p proto] [-r] [interval]
-a Displays all connections and listening ports.

-e Displays Ethernet statistics. This may be combined with the -s
option.
-n Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form.
-p proto Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto
may be TCP or UDP. If used with the -s option to display
per-protocol statistics, proto may be TCP, UDP or IP.
-r Displays the routing table.
-s Displays per-protocol statistics. By default, statistics are
shown for TCP, UDP and IP; the -p option may be used to specify
a subset of the default.
interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds
between each display. Press CTRL+C to stop redisplaying
statistics. If omitted, netstat will print the current
configuration information once.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] NLSFUNC.EXE
Loads country-specific information.
NLSFUNC [[drive:][path]filename]
[drive:][path]filename Specifies the file containing country-specific

information.
Must load NLSFUNC.EXE from CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT followed by COUNTRY.SYS

to be able to (re)set code page (example):
CONFIG.SYS line:
INSTALLHIGH=C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\NLSFUNC.EXE C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\COUNTRY.SYS
AUTOEXEC.BAT line:
C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\NLSFUNC.EXE C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\COUNTRY.SYS

______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [C] PATH
Displays or sets a search path for executable files.
PATH [[drive:]path[;...]]
PATH ;
Type PATH ; to clear all search path settings and direct Windows to search
only in the current directory.
Type PATH without parameters to display the current path.
If used in CONFIG.SYS must be preceded by the SET command (example):
SET PATH=etc...
SET prefix is not necessary if used in BATch files like AUTOEXEC.BAT.
Run this command from a DOS prompt to add a new directory to the PATH
environment (example):
PATH=%PATH%;C:\MYDIR1;
This adds C:\MYDIR1 to the end (appends) of existing PATH line, which can be
verified by running this command from a DOS prompt (example):
PATH
which displays something like this (example):
PATH=C:\;C:\WINDOWS;C:\DOS;C:\WHATEVER;C:\MYDIR1;
All PATH entries should be properly terminated with a semicolon (;).
Such DOS commands executed from a DOS box/console/session/window within

Windows GUI modify the PATH environment ONLY (temporary) within that
particular DOS session, and they do NOT carry over to ANY other DOS session
(started separately).
To permanently modify the PATH environment (which carries over to ALL DOS
sessions), such commands MUST be run from native/real/true/pure MS-DOS mode
outside Windows (Windows/WfWG 3.xx, 95/95a/95B/95C, 98/98 SP1/98 SE), or
modify/create the "Path" registry Expanded String [REG_EXPAND_SZ] Value
(Windows NTx OSes: NT4, 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, 2008, 7, 8, 2012) or String
[REG_SZ] Value (Windows 9x OSes: ME) under these registry keys (global,
affects all users):
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment
and/or (local, affects only currently logged in user):
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Environment
Comprehensive Windows Registry Guide:
http://www.mdgx.com/reg.htm
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [B] PAUSE
Suspends processing of a batch program and displays the message:

Press any key to continue....
PAUSE
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] PING.EXE
Usage: ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS]
[-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]]
[-w timeout] destination-list
Options:
-t Ping the specified host until stopped.
To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break;
To stop - type Control-C.
-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.
-n count Number of echo requests to send.
-l size Send buffer size.
-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.
-i TTL Time To Live.
-v TOS Type Of Service.
-r count Record route for count hops.
-s count Timestamp for count hops.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.
-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.
See "MDGx HOSTS Usage":

http://www.mdgx.com/hosts.php#HU
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [C] PROMPT

Changes the Windows + DOS command prompt.
PROMPT [text]
text Specifies a new command prompt.
Prompt can be made up of normal characters and the following special codes:
$Q = (equal sign)
$$ $ (dollar sign)
$T Current time
$D Current date
$P Current drive and path
$V Windows version number
$N Current drive
$G > (greater-than sign)
$L < (less-than sign)
$B | (pipe)
$H Backspace (erases previous character)
$E Escape code (ASCII code 27)
$_ Carriage return and linefeed
Type PROMPT without parameters to reset the prompt to the default setting.
If used in CONFIG.SYS must be preceded by the SET command (example):
SET PROMPT=etc...
PROMPT special codes (non-default colors, complex layouts, multi-line prompt

messages etc) can be used ONLY with an ANSI DOS console driver (ANSI.COM,
ANSI.SYS or NANSI.SYS) loaded in memory from CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT.
for more info.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [X] QBASIC.EXE
Starts the MS-DOS QBasic programming environment.
QBASIC [/B] [/EDITOR] [/G] [/H] [/MBF] [/NOHI] [[/RUN] [drive:][path]filename]
/B Allows use of a monochrome monitor with a color graphics card.

/EDITOR Starts the MS-DOS Editor (EDIT.COM).
/G Provides the fastest update of a CGA screen.
/H Displays the maximum number of lines possible for your hardware.
/MBF Converts the built-in functions MKS$, MKD$, CVS and CVD to
MKSMBF$, MKDMBF$, CVSMBF and CVDMBF, respectively.
/NOHI Allows the use of a monitor without high-intensity support.
/RUN Runs the specified Basic program before displaying it.
[[drive:][path]filename] Specifies the program file to load or run.
More info:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QBasic
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] RD = RMDIR
Removes (deletes) an empty directory, which may not contain any files or
subdirectories.
RMDIR [drive:]path
RD [drive:]path
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [D] REGEDIT.EXE
Imports and exports registry files to and from the registry.
REGEDIT [/L:system] [/R:user] filename1

REGEDIT [/L:system] [/R:user] /C filename2
REGEDIT [/L:system] [/R:user] /E filename3 [regpath1]
REGEDIT [/L:system] [/R:user] /D regpath2
/L:system Specifies the location of the SYSTEM.DAT file.

/R:user Specifies the location of the USER.DAT file.
filename1 Specifies the file(s) to import into the registry.
/C filename2 Specifies the file to create the registry from.
/E filename3 Specifies the file to export the registry to.
regpath1 Specifies the starting registry key to export from.
(Defaults to exporting the entire registry).
/D regpath2 Specifies the registry key to delete. Win98/ME ONLY!
/S UNDOCUMENTED [USE WITH CAUTION!]: executes all
REGEDIT command line operations quietly, without
ANY confirmation. Available ONLY in Windows GUI mode!
See "UNATTENDED REGISTRATION" for details:
http://www.mdgx.com/newtip16.htm#UNRE
More info:
http://www.mdgx.com/reg.htm#RER
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [B] [C] REM = :: = ;
Records comments (REMarks) in a batch (*.BAT) file (AUTOEXEC.BAT), CONFIG.SYS,

MSDOS.SYS, *.CFG, *.INF and *.INI (WINBOOT.INI, SYSTEM.INI, WIN.INI) files.
REM [comment] = only in *.BAT + CONFIG.SYS

:: [comment] = only in *.BAT
; [comment] = only in CONFIG.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, *.CFG, *.INF + *.INI
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] REN = RENAME
Renames a file/directory or files/directories.
RENAME [drive:][path][directoryname1 | filename1] [directoryname2 | filename2]

REN [drive:][path][directoryname1 | filename1] [directoryname2 | filename2]
Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] ROUTE.EXE
Manipulates network routing tables.
ROUTE [-f] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway] [METRIC metric]]
-f Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is

used in conjunction with one of the commands, the tables are
cleared prior to running the command.
command Must be one of four:

PRINT Prints a route
ADD Adds a route
DELETE Deletes a route
CHANGE Modifies an existing route
destination Specifies the destination host.
MASK Specifies that the next parameter is the 'netmask' value.
netmask Specifies a subnet mask value to be associated

with this route entry. If not specified, it defaults to
255.255.255.255.
gateway Specifies gateway.
METRIC Specifies that the next paramenter 'metric' is the

cost for this destination
All symbolic names used for destination are looked up in the network database
file NETWORKS. The symbolic names for gateway are looked up in the host name
database file HOSTS.
If the command is PRINT or DELETE, wildcards may be used for the destination
and gateway or the gateway argument may be omitted.
Diagnostic Notes:
Invalid MASK generates an error, that is when (DEST & MASK) != DEST.
Example> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 155.0.0.0 157.55.80.1
The route addition failed: 87
Examples:
> route PRINT
> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 METRIC 3
^destination ^mask ^gateway ^metric
> route PRINT
> route DELETE 157.0.0.0
> route PRINT
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [D] SCANDISK.EXE
Runs the ScanDisk disk-repair program.
To check and repair a drive, use the following syntax:

SCANDISK [drive: | /ALL] [/CHECKONLY | /AUTOFIX [/NOSAVE]] [/SURFACE]
To check and repair an unmounted DriveSpace compressed volume file, use:
SCANDISK drive:\DRVSPACE.nnn [/CHECKONLY | /AUTOFIX[/NOSAVE]]
To examine a file for fragmentation, use the following syntax:
SCANDISK /FRAGMENT [drive:][path]filename
To undo repairs you made previously, use the following syntax:
SCANDISK /UNDO [drive:]
For [drive:], specify the drive containing your Undo disk.
/ALL Checks and repairs all local drives.

/AUTOFIX Fixes damage without prompting.
/CHECKONLY Checks a drive, but does not repair any damage.
/CUSTOM Configures and runs ScanDisk according to SCANDISK.INI settings.
/NOSAVE With /AUTOFIX deletes lost clusters rather than saving as files.
/NOSUMMARY With /CHECKONLY or /AUTOFIX prevents ScanDisk from stopping at
summary screens.
/SURFACE Performs a surface scan after other checks.
/MONO Configures ScanDisk for use with a monochrome display.
To check and repair the current drive, type SCANDISK without parameters.
More info:
http://www.mdgx.com/newtip18.htm#SHS
Even more info:
http://www.mdgx.com/lastweek.htm#UNDEFSCAN
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [D] [U] SCANREG.EXE
Windows Registry Checker
Usage: SCANREG [/<option>]
<option>
? : Displays usage.
BACKUP : Backup the registry and related system configuration files.
RESTORE : Choose a backup to restore.
FIX : Repair the registry.
COMMENT="<comment>"
: Adds the specified comment to the CAB file while backing up.
See "SCANREGW, SCANREG + SCANREG.INI" in TIPS98.TXT (included):

http://www.mdgx.com/98-1.htm#SCANREG98
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [C] SET
Displays, sets or removes Windows + MS-DOS environment variables.
SET [variable=[string]]
variable Specifies the environment-variable name.

string Specifies a series of characters to assign to the variable.
Type SET without parameters to display the current environment variables.
If used in CONFIG.SYS must be followed by an environment variable name or

command [internal command name followed by CMD, i.e. COPYCMD] (examples):
SET PATH=etc...
SET PROMPT=etc...
SET COPYCMD=/Y
SET DIRCMD=/A/O:GEN/P/V
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [D] SETVER.EXE
Sets the MS-DOS version number that MS-DOS reports to a program.

Loads into memory the MS-DOS version table, which lists names of programs and
the number of the MS-DOS version with which each program is designed to run.
This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE or DEVICEHIGH command in your
Config.sys file.
Syntax
DEVICE=[drive:][path]SETVER.EXE
Parameters
Display current version table: SETVER [drive:path]

Add entry: SETVER [drive:path] filename n.nn
Delete entry: SETVER [drive:path] filename /DELETE [/QUIET]
[drive:path] Specifies location of the SETVER.EXE file.

filename Specifies the filename of the program.
n.nn Specifies the MS-DOS version to be reported to the program.
/DELETE or /D Deletes the version-table entry for the specified program.
/QUIET or /Q Hides the message typically displayed during deletion of
version-table entry.
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [B] SHIFT
Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file.
SHIFT
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [D] [C] SMARTDRV.EXE
Installs and configures the SMARTDrive disk-caching utility.
SMARTDRV [/X] [[drive[+|-]]...] [/U] [/C | /R] [/F | /N] [/L] [/V | /Q | /S]
[InitCacheSize [WinCacheSize]] [/E:ElementSize] [/B:BufferSize]
/X Disables write-behind caching for all drives.

drive Sets caching options on specific drive(s). The specified
drive(s) will have write-caching disabled unless you add +.
+ Enables write-behind caching for the specified drive.
- Disables all caching for the specified drive.
/U Do not load CD-ROM/DVD caching module.
/C Writes all information currently in write-cache to hard disk.
/R Clears the cache and restarts SMARTDrive.
/F Writes cached data before command prompt returns (default).
/N Doesn't write cached data before command prompt returns.
/L Prevents SMARTDrive from loading itself into upper memory.
/V Displays SMARTDrive status messages when loading.
/Q Does not display status information.
/S Displays additional information about SMARTDrive's status.
InitCacheSize Specifies XMS memory (KB) for the cache.
WinCacheSize Specifies XMS memory (KB) for the cache with Windows.
/E:ElementSize Specifies how many bytes of information to move at one time.
/B:BufferSize Specifies the size of the read-ahead buffer.
See "OUTSMART SMARTDRIVE" in MYTIPS95.TXT (included):

http://www.mdgx.com/newtip2.htm#OUTSMART
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] SORT.EXE
Sorts input and writes results to the screen, a file or another device
SORT [/R] [/+n] [[drive1:][path1]filename1] [> [drive2:][path2]filename2]

[command |] SORT [/R] [/+n] [> [drive2:][path2]filename2]
/R Reverses the sort order; that is, sorts Z to A,

then 9 to 0.
/+n Sorts the file according to characters in
column n.
[drive1:][path1]filename1 Specifies file(s) to be sorted
[drive2:][path2]filename2 Specifies a file where the sorted input is to be
stored.
command Specifies a command whose output is to be sorted.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] START.EXE
Runs a Windows program or an MS-DOS program.
START [options] program [arg...]

START [options] document.ext
/m[inimized] Run the new program minimized (in the background).

/max[imized] Run the new program maximized (in the foreground).
/r[estored] Run the new program restored (in the foreground). [default]
/w[ait] Does not return until the other program exits.
See "START ME UP!" in TIPS95.TXT (included):

http://www.mdgx.com/last4.htm#SMU
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [D] SUBST.EXE
Associates a path with a drive letter.
SUBST [drive1: [drive2:]path]

SUBST drive1: /D
drive1: Specifies a virtual drive to which you want to assign a path.

[drive2:]path Specifies a physical drive and path you want to assign to
a virtual drive.
/D Deletes a substituted (virtual) drive.
Type SUBST with no parameters to display a list of current virtual drives.

______________________________________________________________________________
[E] SYS.COM
Copies MS-DOS system files and command interpreter to a disk you specify.
SYS [drive1:][path] drive2:
[drive1:][path] Specifies the location of the system files.

drive2: Specifies the drive the files are to be copied to.
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] TIME
Displays or sets the system time.
TIME [time]
Type TIME with no parameters to display the current time setting and a prompt
for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same time.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] TRACERT.EXE
Usage: tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name
Options:
-d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.
-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [U] TRUENAME
Reserved command name
TRUENAME without any parameters displays full path (fully qualified file name)
to current drive/partition letter + directory name.
Type full path of desired directory name or file name to display (example):
TRUENAME C:\MYDIR\MYFILE.EXE
Typing any text string that does not correspond to any actual file name or
directory name will erroneously display as file/directory name. :(
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] TYPE
Displays the contents of text files.

TYPE [drive:][path]filename
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [D] UNLOCK
Unlocks a drive/partition, disabling direct disk access for an application.
UNLOCK [drive:]
CAUTION:
Only writable external, floppy + removable drives can be LOCKed from within a
Windows DOS box/console/session/window, and only if they are not used by the
OS.
Hard drives/partitions can be LOCKed/UNLOCKed only from native/real/true/pure
MS-DOS mode.
Trying to LOCK/UNLOCK a hard drive/partition or a drive in use from within
Windows GUI (DOS box/console/session/window) will return this error message:
"(Un)Locking operation failed."

______________________________________________________________________________
[I] [U] VER
Displays the Windows version.
VER
Parameters
/R (REVISION) Displays OS revision number and DOS module memory location.
See "VER HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):

http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#VER
______________________________________________________________________________
[I] VERIFY
Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written correctly to a
disk.
VERIFY [ON | OFF]
Type VERIFY without a parameter to display the current VERIFY setting.

______________________________________________________________________________
[I] VOL
Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist.
VOL [drive:]
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [D] [U] WIN.COM

Starts Windows 95/98/ME.
WIN [/D:[F][M][S][V][X]]
/D Used for troubleshooting when Windows does not start correctly.

:F Turns off 32-bit disk access.
Equivalent to SYSTEM.INI file setting: 32BitDiskAccess=FALSE.
:M Enables Safe mode.
This is automatically enabled during Safe start (function key F5).
:N Enables Safe mode with networking.
This is automatically enabled during Safe start (function key F6).
:S Specifies that Windows should not use ROM address space between
F000:0000 and 1 MB for a break point.
Equivalent to SYSTEM.INI file setting: SystemROMBreakPoint=FALSE.
:V Specifies that the ROM routine will handle interrupts from the hard
disk controller.
Equivalent to SYSTEM.INI file setting: VirtualHDIRQ=FALSE.
:X Excludes all of the adapter area from the range of memory that Windows
scans to find unused space.
Equivalent to SYSTEM.INI file setting: EMMExclude=A000-FFFF.
/W Displays pause message waiting for user input (key press), and then
warm reboots, restoring original CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT from
CONFIG.WOS and AUTOEXEC.WOS (if any).
/WX Automatically warm reboots without waiting for user input (key press),
restoring original CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT from CONFIG.WOS and
AUTOEXEC.WOS (if any).
/Z Automatically forces ATX power supply to soft-power off (ONLY on ATX
motherboards) without waiting for user input (key press).
See "WIN.COM SWITCHES" in MYTIPS95.TXT (included):

http://www.mdgx.com/newtip10.htm#WINSWITCH
See "WIN.COM HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):

http://www.mdgx.com/secrets.htm#WIN
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [D] XCOPY.EXE
Copies files (except hidden and system files) and directory trees.
XCOPY source [destination] [/A | /M] [/D:date] [/P] [/S [/E]] [/V] [/W]
source Specifies the file(s) to copy.

destination Specifies the location and/or name of new files.
/A Copies files with the archive attribute set,
doesn't change the attribute.
/M Copies files with the archive attribute set,
turns off the archive attribute.
/D:date Copies files changed on or after the specified date.
/P Prompts you before creating each destination file.
/S Copies directories and subdirectories except empty ones.
/E Copies any subdirectories, even if empty.
/V Verifies each new file.
/W Prompts you to press a key before copying.
______________________________________________________________________________
[E] [W] XCOPY32.EXE
Copies files and directory trees.
XCOPY source [destination] [/A | /M] [/D[:date]] [/P] [/S [/E]] [/W]
[/C] [/I] [/Q] [/F] [/L] [/H] [/R] [/T] [/U]
[/K] [/N]
source Specifies the file(s) to copy.

destination Specifies the location and/or name of new files.
/A Copies files with the archive attribute set,
doesn't change the attribute.
/M Copies files with the archive attribute set,
turns off the archive attribute.
/D:date Copies files changed on or after the specified date.
If no date is given, copies only those files whose
source time is newer than the destination time.
/P Prompts you before creating each destination file.
/S Copies directories and subdirectories except empty ones.
/E Copies directories and subdirectories, including empty ones.
Same as /S /E. May be used to modify /T.
/W Prompts you to press a key before copying.
/C Continues copying even if errors occur.
/I If destination does not exist and copying more than one file,
assumes that destination must be a directory.
/Q Does not display file names while copying.
/F Displays full source and destination file names while copying.
/L Displays files that would be copied.
/H Copies hidden and system files also.
/R Overwrites read-only files.
/T Creates directory structure, but does not copy files. Does not
include empty directories or subdirectories. /T /E includes
empty directories and subdirectories.
/U Updates the files that already exist in destination.
/K Copies attributes. Normal Xcopy will reset read-only attributes.
/Y Overwrites existing files without prompting.
/-Y Prompts you before overwriting existing files.
/N Copy using the generated short names.
______________________________________________________________________________
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DOS7CMD

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MDGx MAX Speed WinDOwS �Tricks � Secrets � Bugs � Fixes

All these DOS + Windows console (DOS box/session/window) external + internal

External DOS/MS-DOS (can be used from native/real/true/pure DOS/MS-DOS mode

AUTOEXEC.BAT + CONFIG.SYS are the operating system's native/real/true/pure

How to (re)create DOS7CMD.TXT [partially, anyway ;)]:

-----Begin cut & paste here-----

Then run DOS7CMD.BAT.

Command line parameters/switches/arguments are usually case insensitive [upper

MS-DOS Commands on the Internet:

All commands below are listed in alphabetical order.

ARP -s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr]

-a Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current

Displays or changes file attributes.

In case you see an error message similar to (example = substitute X with a

"Sharing violation reading drive X

ECHO A | ATTRIB +A -H -R -S C:\*.*

Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.

BREAK [ON | OFF]

Type BREAK without a parameter to display the current BREAK setting.

[I] [B] CALL

Calls one batch program from another.

CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters]

batch-parameters Specifies any command-line information required by the

IF EXIST C:\MYBATS\MYBAT.BAT CALL C:\MYBATS\MYBAT.BAT

IF EXIST C:\MYBATS\MYBAT.BAT CALL C:\MYBATS\MYBAT

Displays the name of or changes the current directory.

.. Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.

Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive.

nnn Specifies a code page number.

Must load NLSFUNC.EXE from CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT followed by COUNTRY.SYS

See "F1-F12 Remapping = MS-DOS Mode + ANSI Driver" in DOSTIPS.TXT (included)

Checks a disk and displays a status report.

CHKDSK [drive:][[path]filename] [/F] [/V]

[drive:][path] Specifies the drive and directory to check.

Type CHKDSK without parameters to check the current disk.

CHKDSK.EXE should not be used if possible. Use SCANDISK.EXE (further below)

[E] [B] CHOICE.COM

Waits for the user to choose one of a set of choices.

CHOICE [/C[:]choices] [/N] [/S] [/T[:]c,nn] [text]

/C[:]choices Specifies allowable keys. Default is YN

Clears the screen.

[E] [C] [U] COMMAND.COM

Starts a new copy of the Windows Command Interpreter.

COMMAND [[drive:]path] [device] [/E:nnnnn] [/L:nnnn] [/U:nnn] [/P] [/MSG]

If used in CONFIG.SYS must be part of the SHELL command and/or COMSPEC

SHELL=C:\COMMAND.COM C:\ /E:1024 /P /F

See "COMMAND.COM HIDDEN PARAMETERS" in SECRETS.TXT (included):

Copies one or more files to another location.

source Specifies the file or files to be copied.

The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable.

COPY/B VID_01.MPG + VID_02.MPG + VID_03.MPG VID_NEW.MPG

COPY/B C:\TOOLS\PROGRAM0.EXE CON | MORE

COPY/B CON PROGRAM0.TXT

COPY/B CON LPT1

For compatibility reasons use the non-existent /Z switch (operation continues

COPY/Z C:\HERFILES\MYFILE.TXT C:\MYFILES

Can be combined with the valid /Y switch (example):

[E] [W] CSCRIPT.EXE

Usage: CScript scriptname.extension [option...] [arguments...]

[I] [B] CTTY

Changes the terminal device used to control your system.

device The terminal device you want to use, such as COM1.

ECHO A | ATTRIB +A -H -R -S C:\.

ECHO Y | DEL C:\DIRNAME\.

DIR/A:-D/O:GEN/B/-P/S C:\DIRNAME\. > %TEMP%\DIRNAME.TXT