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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Energy from
According to the Department of Energy, 14.4%
a Volcano of the country’s total power generation is
produced from geothermal energy.
The Earth is believed to be extremely hot from
within. This heat from the Earth’s interior is a
source of energy called geothermal energy.
The heat of the Earth warms up water which is
trapped in rock formations beneath its
surface.

HOW IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY GENERATED? HOW IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY GENERATED?

1. Wells are drilled deep into the Earth to pump 2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in
steam or hot water to the surface. pressure causes the water to turn into steam.

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HOW IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY GENERATED?
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to
a generator that produces electricity.
HOW IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY GENERATED?
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the Earth
to begin the process again.
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HOW IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY GENERATED?
4. Cooling tower cools the steam which it condenses
back to water.
The heat from inside the Earth is collected in a
geothermal power plant by drilling a hole in
the ground at great depth. The heat is used to
boil water to produce a steam that turns the
turbine. The mechanical energy from the
turbine is transferred to the generator which in
turn transforms the mechanical energy to
electrical energy.
Thermal energy from inside the Earth 
Mechanical energy in a turbine  Mechanical
energy of a generator  Electrical energy
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How Do Volcanic
Eruptions Affect
Society
SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
Increase in the frequency of volcanic
quakes with rumbling sounds;
occurrence of volcanic tremors;
Increased steaming activity; change in
color of steam emission from white to
gray due to entrained ash;
Crater glow due to presence of magma at
or near the crater;
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EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
Loss of lives and properties
Decrease in Earth’s surface
temperature
Create a spectacular scenery
after the wake of the eruption
Produce rich and fertile soils
SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt
and ground fissuring due to magma
intrusion;
Localized landslides, rockfalls and
landslides from the summit area which
not attributable to heavy rains;
Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up
of vegetation around the volcano's upper
slopes;
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SIGNS OF AN IMPENDING VOLCANIC

ERUPTION
Increase in the temperature of hot springs,
wells (e.g., Bulusan and Canlaon) and crater
lake (e.g., Taal) near the volcano;
Noticeable variation in the chemical

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content of springs, crater lakes within the
vicinity of the volcano;
Drying up of springs/wells around the volcano;
and,
Development of new thermal areas and/or
reactivation of old ones; appearance of
solfataras (volcanic vents producing vapors).