PROGRAMMING THE

World Wide Web

EIGHTH EDITION

ROBERT W. SEBESTA
University of Colorado at Colorado Springs

PEARSON

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Fundamentals 1
1.1 A Brief Introduction to the Internet 2

1.2 The World Wide Web 6

1.3 Web Browsers 7

1.4 Web Servers 8

1.5 Uniform Resource Locators 11

1.6 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions 13

1.7 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol 15

1.8 Security 18

1.9 The Web Programmer's Toolbox 20

Summary 27

Review Questions 29

Exercises 31

Introduction to HTML/XHTML 33
2.1 Origins and Evolution of HTML and XHTML 34

2.2 Basic Syntax 38

2.3 Standard HTML Document Structure 39

2.4 Basic Text Markup 40

2.5 Images 49

2.6 Hypertext Links 55

2.7 Lists 58

2.8 Tables 63

2.9 Forms 69

2.10 The audio Element 83

2.11 The video Element 84

2.12 Organization Elements 86

2.13 The time Element 88

2.14 Syntactic Differences between HTML and XHTML 89

xiil
 Summary 90
Review Questions 91

Exercises 93

Cascading Style Sheets 95

3.1 Introduction 96

3.2 Levels of Style Sheets 97

3.3 Style Specification Formats 98

3.4 Selector Forms 99

3.5 Property-Value Forms 103

3.6 Font Properties 105

3.7 List Properties 113

3.8 Alignment of Text 117

3.9 Color 119

3.10 The Box Model 121

3.11 Background Images 126

3.12 The <span> and <div> Tags 128

3.13 Conflict Resolution 129

Summary 132

Review Questions 133

Exercises 135

The Basics of JavaScript 137

4.1 Overview of JavaScript 138
4.2 Object Orientation and JavaScript 141

4.3 General Syntactic Characteristics 142

4.4 Primitives, Operations, and Expressions 145

4.5 Screen Output and Keyboard Input 154

4.6 Control Statements 158

4.7 Object Creation and Modification 165

4.8 Arrays 166

4.9 Functions 171

4.10 An Example 175

4.11 Constructors 177

4.12 Pattern Matching Using Regular Expressions 178

4.13 Another Example 182

4.14 Errors in Scripts 184

Summary 186

Review Questions 188

Exercises 190
 Contents xv

JavaScript and HTML Documents 193

5.1 The JavaScript Execution Environment 194

5.2 The Document Object Model 195

5.3 Element Access in JavaScript 199

5.4 Events and Event Handling 201

5.5 Handling Events from Body Elements 205

5.6 Handling Events from Button Elements 207

5.7 Handling Events from Text Box and Password Elements 212

5.8 The DOM 2 Event Model 222

5.9 The canvas Element 228

5.10 The navigator Object 232

5.11 DOM Tree Traversal and Modification 234

Summary 235
Review Questions 236

Exercises 237

Dynamic Documents with JavaScript 239

6.1 Introduction 240

6.2 Positioning Elements 240

6.3 Moving Elements 246

6.4 Element Visibility 249

6.5 Changing Colors and Fonts 250

6.6 Dynamic Content 254

6.7 Stacking Elements 257

6.8 Locating the Mouse Cursor 261

6.9 Reacting to a Mouse Click 263

6.10 Slow Movement of Elements 265

6.11 Dragging and Dropping Elements 268

Summary 273

Rew'ew Questions 273

Exercises 274

Introduction to XML 277

7.1 Introduction 278

7.2 Uses of XML 280

7.3 The Syntax of XML 281

7.4 XML Document Structure 283

7.5 Namespaces 285

xvi Contents

7.6 XMLSchemas 286

7.7 Displaying Raw XML Documents 294

7.8 Displaying XML Documents with CSS 296

7.9 XSLT Style Sheets 298

7.10 XML Processors 307

7.11 Web Services 309

Summary 311

Review Questions 312

Exercises 313

8 Introduction to Flash 315

8.1 Origins and Uses of Rash 316

8.2 A First Look at the Rash Authoring Environment 316

8.3 Drawing Tools 322

8.4 Static Graphics 331

8.5 Animation and Sound 336

8.6 User Interactions 347

Summary 352
Review Questions 353

Exercises 355

9 Introduction to PHP 357

9.1 Origins and Uses of PHP 358

9.2 Overview of PHP 358

9.3 General Syntactic Characteristics 359

9.4 Primitives, Operations, and Expressions 360

9.5 Output 365

9.6 Control Statements 367
9.7 Arrays 371

9.8 Functions 379

9.9 Pattern Matching 383

9.10 Form Handling 386

9.11 Cookies 392
9.12 Session Tracking 394

Summary 395

Review Questions 396

Exercises 398
 Contents xvii

Introduction to Ajax 401

10.1 Overview of Ajax 402

10.2 The Basics of Ajax 405

10.3 Return Document Forms 415

10.4 Ajax Toolkits 419

10.5 Security and Ajax 427

Summary 428

Review Questions 428

Exercises 429

Web Software 431

Introduction to Servlets 432

The NetBeans Integrated Development Environment 437

A Survey Example 445

Storing Information on Clients 453

JavaServer Pages 462

JavaBeans 474

Model-View-Controller Application Architecture 479

JavaServer Faces 480

Summary 488

Review Questions 489

Exercises 491

Introduction to ASP.NET 493

12.1 Overview of the .NET Framework 494

12.2 A Bit of C# 497

12.3 Introduction to ASPNET 502

12.4 ASP.NET Controls 508

12.5 ASP.NET AJAX 539

12.6 Web Services 544

Summary 553

Review Questions 555

Exercises 556
 Database Access through the Web 559

13.1 Relational Databases 560

13.2 An Introduction to the Structured Query Language 562

13.3 Architectures for Database Access 567

13.4 The MySQL Database System 569

13.5 Database Access with PHP and MySQL 572

13.6 Database Access with JDBC and MySQL 581

13.7 Database Access with ASP.NET and MySQL 588

Summary 595

Review Questions 596

Exercises 598

14 Android Software Development 599

14.1 Overview 600

14.2 The Tools 602

14.3 The Architecture of Android Applications 602

14.4 The Execution Model for Android Applications 603

14.5 View Groups 605

14.6 Simple Views 606

14.7 An Example Application 609

14.8 Running an Application on an Android Device 618

14.9 Using the intent Class to Call Other Activities 619

14.10 An Example Application: A Second Activity 620

14.11 More Widgets 628

14.12 Dealing with Lists 632

14.13 Data Persistence 637

14.14 Debugging Applications 641

Summary 643

Review Questions 644

Exercises 645
 Contents xlx

Introduction to Ruby 647

15.1 Origins and Uses of Ruby 648

15.2 Scalar Types and Their Operations 648

15.3 Simple Input and Output 656

15.4 Control Statements 659

15.5 Fundamentals of Arrays 664

15.6 Hashes 669

15.7 Methods 671

15.8 Classes 676

15.9 Blocks and Iterators 681

15.10 Pattern Matching 684

Summary 687
Review Questions 687

Exercises 688

Introduction to Rails 691

16.1 Overview of Rails 692

16.2 Document Requests 694

16.3 Rails Applications with Databases 700

Summary 718

Rew'ew Questions 719

Exercises 720

Appendix A Introduction to Java 721

A.l Overview of Java 722

A.2 Data Types and Structures 724

A.3 Classes, Objects, and Methods 726

A.4 Interfaces 730

A.5 Exception Handling 730

Summary 735

Appendix B Named Colors and Their Hexadecimal Values 737

Index 741