INDUSTRIAL PROFILE

INTRODUCTION GARMENTS INDUSTRY

Textile industry is the largest industry of modern India. It contributes about 4 percent
of GDP, 14 percent of total industrial output and provides employment to about 35 million
people. Together with allied agriculture sector, it provides employment to over 90 million
people. The contribution of this industry to the gross export earnings of the country is over
30 percent while it adds only 7 to 8 percent to the gross import bill of the country. It is the
only industry which is self relevant, from raw material to the highest value added products,
viz., garments /made –ups. The first cotton mill was set up in 1818. However, the industry
made a real beginning in 1854 when a cotton mill was getup in Mumbai. In fact, the industry
got localized in Mumbai Ahmedabad as would be clear from the fact that in 1911 Mumbai
city had 33 percent of the total number of mills and provided employment to 45 percent of
the total workers of the industry. Ahemedabad had 19 percent of the mills and provided
employment to 13.6 percent of the workers.

Outside Mumbai city, some mills were located in Sholapur, Baroda and other minor
local centers in Mumbai state, in the united provinces Kanpur had 5 large mills and
dominated the industry of U.P. in the post independent period, important centers of this
industry have been Mumbai, ahemedabad, Sholapur, Kanpur, Kolkata, Indore and
Coimbatore. The number of cotton/man made mills, 192 are in the public sector, 153 mills
are in the co-operative continues to be predominately cotton based, more than 58 percent of
fabric consumption in the country being accounted for by cotton.
EXPANSION OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

There are three sectors in the textile industry mill sector, and handloom sector. The
latter two are jointly considered under the heading ‘described sector’. Over the years, the
government has granted many concessions and incentives to the decentralized sector with the
result that the share of this sector in total production was 76 percent in 1950-51, it feel 38
percent in 1980-81 and further to 3.7 percent in 2001-2002. The share in 1950-51 to 96.3
percent in 2001-02. The share of the entire mill sector was only 1946 million square meters –
the rest 40488 million square meters being contributed by the decentralized sector.

The two sub sectors handloom and power looms in the decentralized sector, it is the
power looms sub sector that has grown at a faster pace. For instance, in 2001-2002, the share
of power looms.

In total fabric production was large as 76.8 percent while hand looms contributed 18
percent. There are many reasons for the past development of the power loom sub sector:

i. Government’s favorable policies on synthetic fabric industry.

ii. Ability of this sub sector to introduce flexibility in the product mix in line with the
market situation;
iii. Low labor costs achieved indirectly through the flexible use of labor itself
resulting in lower cost of production, and providing an edge in the market; and
iv. Increase in exports from the power loom sub sector.
 Now they are 13 lakh looms in different regions with concentration in Maharashtra,
Gujarat and parts of Uttar Pradesh.Only lately power looms complexes have been spinning up
in Tamil nadu and other states. There are about 6.5 million employees working in the power
loom sector. As noted above, hand loom, sub sector now accounts for about 18 percent total
production of fabric. This sub sector provides employment to about 3 million weavers in
households and 12.4 million in complexes or total of 15.4 million.

With aim of developing the three sectors of the industry viz, mills, power looms and hand
loom in an integrated manner; the government announced a new textile policy in June 1985.
The main objective of this policy was to enable the industry to increase of cloth of good
quality at the reasonable prices for the vast population of the country as well as for the export
purpose. The textile modernization fund of Rs. 750 crore was created 1986 to meet the
modernization requirements of the industry. A textile worker workers rehabilitation fund has
been set up to provide interim relief to workers rendered unemployment as a consequence of
permanent closure of textile rendered. Another measure of significant importance has been
the deli censing of the textile industry as per the textile order 1993. Under the new policy
prior approval of the government is not necessary to set up textile mills including power
looms.

As a result of all these policy initiatives, the textile industry has been growing steadily in
recent years with the organized sector concentrating mainly on the manufacture of fabrics for
exports and also production if denim or fabrics in great demand in the domestic as well as
overseas markets. The increases in quantities of yarn required by all sectors are being
provided by the spinning mills while many composite mills have also there spinning sections.

Purely spinning mills have been springing up in different states with many large size units
being promoted for catering exclusively to overseas buyers. There has been almost on
‘Unconscious Division’ of work amongst the different industry. The organized sector is
concentrating on high quality fabrics intended for exports and also fabric base on systematic
fibers, the power looms sector is growing phenomenally in stature while the hand loom
weavers are turning out products with special designs.
COMPANY PROFILE

We introduce ourselves as M/r. Elite Fabs, one of the leading knitwear manufacturer
and exporter from Tirupur, India.

Spread over an area of 55,000 square feet of workspace, backed by the best workforce the
industry can provide and with the vertically integrated setup like Knitting, Dyeing, Printing,
Compacting and Garment Sewing, the company is capable of producing 10,000 pieces of
basic T-shirts, 7000 pieces of Fashion styles and 4000 pieces of Hi-fashion styles per day.

Product range includes basic Jersey Garments to fashion styles such as Reps, Velour,
Fleece, Auto Stripers etc. We are certified for ISO 9001:2000 (U.K)

We serve for the major brands in the UK and Europe directly and through importers.

Quality and the nature of the fabric is based on the knitting machines, therefore we
have equipped world renowned knitting machines. The possible fabrics types are Single
Jersey / Pique / Semi jacquard / Interlock / Engineering Strips / Full Jacquard / Wraper Etc.
 We use the latest soft flow dyeing machines which maintain a consistent shade
throughout the fabric. We keep production environment clean and hygienic. We use dyes that
are free of azo-dyes, agreeable to the regulations passed against forbidden dyes in Germany.

Shrinkage control or compacting is a mechanical shrinkage control process which is achieved

by the compacting machine imported from TUBE-TEX-USA.

The fabric, cut fabric, semi stitched, fully stitched are embroidered according to
pattern. Be it logo, chest and label, they can be embroidered in the in-house Embroidery
machine imported from Japan.

Cutting Room is handled both manually (for stripes, Jacquards to get the stripes and design
set in side seam) and also mechanically, i.e., Lay cutting of KM cloth by a cutting master to
make consistent and sharp cuts.

For stitching of garments we have 200 machines. The over lock and flat lock
machines are from Pegasus-Japan and lock stitch are from Juki-Japan. All the machines are
fixed with auto thread trimming and dust collection. The machines are also fixed with top
feed which reduces the tension in seams for special stitching like Decorative stitching, Bar
tacking, Button hole, Buttoning etc., this is done by machine- a maker of Juki - Japan.

Laboratory & Quality Control Room... In our in-house laboratory and quality control
is done in 3 stages for color fastness, shrinkage and pilling.

1. Finished fabric, before going to production (cutting & stitching).

2. Mid production cross checking.

3. Random Checking from the finished packed garments

  We take privilege to introduce Elite Fabs as A FAST GROWING Knitwear Export
House from Tirupur, India.
 Elite Fabs is a confluence of dynamic individuals qualified in the area of Knitwear.
Management is controlled by Well experienced and Technically qualified people
 We are proud to be located at an important place like Tirupur, which is one of the
major destinations of sourcing knitwear for many of the International Apparel
Companies.
 Brand leader’s world over, source their manufacture in Tirupur as this town has
carved a niche for itself in the fashion conscious spectrum of knitwear worldwide.
Range of our products includes “Children Wear, Sportswear, Ladies Wear, and Men’s
T-shirts & Pyjama Sets Etc”.
 With a view to grow and a vision to expand we are in the lookout, for new
international markets and offer our service in line with our company motto “Quality is
the way of life”.
 With Elite Fabs you have the advantage of doing minums of 500 pcs/color and short
lead-time deliveries

PROBLEMS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY

1. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIALS

The Indian textile industry continues to be predominantly cotton based, with about 65
percent of raw material consumed being cotton. Naturally in those years when the production
of raw cotton is small, the cotton textile industry faces a serious problem. The largest of raw
cotton was kept at 7 million bales. There were extreme shortfalls in some other plans as well.
Such shortfalls in the production of cotton as compared to the targets affected the expansion
programmers of the textile industry adversely.

However things have now changed. From period of low level of outputs and
shortages, raw cotton has now reached an era of self-sufficiency with production touching the
level of 14.3 million bales in 1996-1997. In 2001-02, however, the productions of cotton feel
to 10.1 million bales. The cause for concern now is the fluctuating and high voltage prices of
cotton month after month. Such large fluctuations adversely affect the decentralized sector
and handloom weavers in particular.

It is due to this reason that the Elite Fabs committee set by the government to study
the progress of implementation of the 1985 textile policy suggested that the policy on cotton
should be guided by stability in cotton prices which affect the hand loom and power looms
sector. Further, since 85% of the textile exports are cotton based, the price policy for cotton
must be such that India retains its comparative advantage.

2. POOR QUALITY OF COTTON

Cotton cultivation is done in India by small farmers with very small farms and with
improper technology and methodology. Outdated farm practices and poor maintenance of the
markets yards have yarned India cotton the label of the world’s most contaminated cotton.
This poor quality of cotton is creating difficulty for these spinning industries.

3. OUTDATED PLANT AND MACHINERY

Since the cotton textile industry is fairly old in India and number of mills was set up
long back, the machinery and equipment have grown old and outdated and need fast
replacement. Production with the help of such out dated and machinery results in higher
costs and poor quality of product. However, attempts at modernization and replacement of
old machinery by new machinery are hindered on the one hand by the capital/financial
constraints facing many units and on the other hand, by protest from the labour.
Modernization in world automation which is likely to displaces labour. For instance,
according to one estimate, single worker can over see 48 automatic looms. The problem is
aggravated by the fact that due to stagnant demand conditions, there is little possibility of the
displaced labour being employed elsewhere in sector.

4. LABOUR PROBLEMS

The cotton textile industry has been faced with frequent labour problems. In 1982 the
industry was rocked by a labour strike in Bombay which continued for eight months. While
some problems of labour are genuine it is not doubt true that the cotton textile have become
the playground for personal rivalries and the testing ground for some political groups.
5. SICKNESS AND RECESSION IN THE MILL SECTION

The textile industry is plagued with the problem of demand recession, financial
crunch, spiraling costs and heavy duty imports. In additional persistent and continued uses of
old plant and machinery has led to low profits and profitability in the mill sector forcing some
of these mills to close down.

6. COST FACTORS

India is the largest producer of cotton yearn and fourth largest producer of cotton. As
the world demand for cotton yarn is increasing, India is well poised to increase its exports for
cotton yarn significantly in years to come. However, much export for cotton yarn
significantly in years to come. However, much will depend on ‘the cost factors’ i.e. whether
India will be able to complete successfully with China, Pakistan, Taiwan, Brazil, and other
cotton yarn exporting countries as for as cost of production is concerned. Compared with
China and Pakistan, Indian salaries and wages are higher by 30 to 60 percent making it
imperative for Indian mills to maintain a high labour productivity to be competing. It is also
estimated that Indian spinners pay 100-150 percent more than production cost as against 5-7
percent of the competitions. The cotton cost accounts for almost 65 percent of cost of
production. Therefore it is necessary that mills plan their cotton purchases at competitive
prices.

NATIONAL TEXTILE POLICY, 2002

The national textile policy was announced on November 2, 2002 the basic objectives
of which is to take care of challenges and opportunities presented by the changing global
environment to the domestic textile industry, specially initiation of the process of gradual
phasing out quantitative restrictions on imports and the lowering of tariff levels for
integration of the world textile and clothing markets by end 2004. The strategic thrust areas
identified by the policy are technology up gradation, product diversification, and increase in
exports innovative marketing strategies, financing arrangements, maximizing employment
opportunities and integrated human development.

Among the highlights of the policy are a proposal for setting up of a venture capital
fund for trapping knowledge based entrepreneurs of the industry, extension of the technology
up- gradation fund scheme to all manufacturing segments of the industry and the de-
reservation of the garment sector.

EXPORT MANAGEMENT

GARMENTS AND ITS IMPORTANCE

In this context, we find that garment industry has become a dynamic growth area in
exports, and it will be worthwhile to well a little on its growth and prospects.

The garments industry in India has developed mainly through export efforts. The
exports which were of the order of Rs. 12 crores in 1970-71 have increased to Rs. 4012
crores in 1990-91 and Rs. 8112 crores in 1993 –94. Indian garments are being exported to
various parts of the world. Yet our share in the world trade in clothing is less then 2%. To
understanding this phenomenon it would be necessary to comprehend the international setting
in which trade in textiles and clothing takes place.

International trade in textiles and clothing has been regulated since 1974 under the
aegis of the multifibre arrangement. An important provision in the MFA is the provision for
regulating exports through bilateral textile pacts between the exporting and importing
countries.

India has bilateral trade agreements with USA, EEC, Austria, Sweden, Norway, Finland and
Canada under the multi fiber arrangement.
 The bulk of India’s exports of garments is to the countries with which India has
entered into bilateral agreements under MFA. The Indian readymade garments industry has
much advantage over its counterparts in other countries. It fits nearly into Indian economic
scene, as it consists of a large number of it’s in the small scale and cottage industries sector.
And is consequently labour intensive providing employment to millions of workers. Its basic
raw material, namely, fabric, comes mostly from the decentralized power loom sector which
in turn sustains a large number of weavers.

In the coming years the garment industry, given the vast labour force in the country and the
country and the cotton edge, can expand its export base.

PRODUCTS & FINISHES

A.PRODUCTS

Our Valued Customers

Some of our Customers are

 Charles Vogle Trading AG,

 Desigual,
 Super Confex,
 Western Stores,
 Tom Tailor,
 XOXO
 Jennyfer
 Bizzbee

We can offer you the following products

  Men’s t-shirt/outerwear
 Ladies t-shirt. outer wear
 Kids wear
 Nightwear – Men’s, Ladies and Kids
 We are an all round player rather than focusing on single product line.
 This gives us the flexibility for the future growth.

B. FINISHES

We can do special finishes like

 Garment pigment dyed

 Different enzyme washes
 Peaching
 Tie & dye,
 Dip dye
 Brushed
 Acid Wash

FABRICS & Printing Range

C. FABRICS
We offer Products in variety of fabric range classified in general as follows:-

 Single Jersey Knits

 Pique Knits
 Rib Knits – single, double, flat back
 Inter lock – Jacquards, Pointal, Stripes
 Flat Back Rib
 Two / Three Thread Fleece (Brushed & Non Brushed)
 French Terry (Brushed & Non Brushed)
 Lycra Jersey [All feeders]
 Polar Fleece (Single & Double side)
 Waffle Knit
 Cotton/modal and cotton/polyester blends

D. Printing Range

We have a tie-up with printing factory where we can do all type of print

 Plastisol prints
 Foam prints
 Motif prints
 Flock prints
 Pigment prints
 Transfer prints
 Discharge Print
  Reactive Print
 Gel Print

INFRASTRUCTURE - Garments Division

Sl. No Machine Type No. of Machines

1 4 Thread Over Locking Machines 28

2 Twin Needle Flat Locking Machines 13

3 Single Needle Power 32

4 Cutting Machine 2

5 Ironing Tables/Vacum Bed 6

6 Button Stitching Machine 1

7 Stain Removing Machine 2

8 Genset 30 KVA 1
INFRASTRUCTURE - Knitting Division

Sl. No Machine Type Make No. of

M/c

1 20&24 Gauge/24 PAILUNG 1

Dia/72 feeder

2 20&24 Gauge/26 PAILUNG 1

Dia/78 feeder

3 20&24 Gauge/30 PAILUNG 1

Dia/90 feeder

4 24&28 Gauge/32 PAILUNG 1

Dia/96 feeder

5 24&28 Gauge/34 PAILUNG 1

Dia/102 feeder

6 20&28 Gauge/24 ORIZIO 1

Dia/44 feeder – Auto
Stripe
Production capacity: around 3 tons/day

• We can do all type of jerseys, auto stripes, feeder stripes, engineered stripes, Self
designs (variations of jersey knit like, pique, French terry etc.,) with and without
elasthan.

INFRASTRUCTURE – Fabric Processing Division

 We have a fabric dyeing facility with a production capacity of 3.5 tons/day. We have
machines with capacity ranging from 1200 kg till 100 kg to have the flexibility of
dyeing big quantities and small quantities as well. In addition to this we have
machines to do 50 kg & 25 kg for sampling purpose.

 We have separate bleaching facility to make white fabrics with the production
capacity of 2.0 tons/day.

 All are imported machines to give good quality fabric

Collection – Ladies
Collection – Men

VARIOUS TEAMS OF ELITE FABS

Managing Partners are closely involved in the day-to-day activities and ably supported by the
teams

 Merchandising team: Takes care of our Buyers’ sampling and production. With
regular monitoring and update to our Buyers.

 Quality Team: To ensure quality checks are done at every stage to ensure that correct
sample is made and production according to our Buyers requirements.

 Logistic Team: To take care of our Buyers pre and post shipment import
requirements

Motto of our TEAM is to DELIGHT Our Customers by achieving the targets consistently
and competently

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITY

MANAGER (E&P)

 To monitor negotiation team & administration team performance

 Shall procure stores material with least price, good quality at better delivery TAT

 To monitor & control all unit stores stock inventory minimizing non-moving items.

 Complying with suppliers, excise & commercial provisions.

 Have to take necessary actions for achieving quality objectives in our organization.
NEGOTIATION TEAM

 To procure the required stores & spares keeping in mind of necessary quantity at
competitive prices in consultation with manager(E&P)

 To follow the on time delivery of the material.

ADMINISTRATION TEAM

 To collect indents from units & verify non-moving stock statement received from unit
stores

 Raise purchase order based on the quotation comparison/list price/order acceptance

 To raise auto purchase order to procure stores material from confirmed party without
indent, based on stores stock

 To ensure compliance with all necessary actions for achieving quality objectives in
our organization
RAW MATERIAL

The raw materials are essential thing to produce the fabric cloth and the materials
used ultra-white, and various other color products like black, green. The company is being
purchasing these materials from reliance industries ltd.

MISSION

 Will to win in the competitive world by exceeding expectations

 Achieving the hall mark of success, a platform to attract customers
 Treating every goal/ target as a challenge
 Motivation through team work

VISSION

 INNOVATION: striving to be the best through being the first in all services and
solutions
 QUALITY SERVICE: always setting a target to exceed expectations
 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: Setting a chain reaction of satisfaction in each
customer and creating Reliability

DEPARTMENTS

- HR DEPARTMENT
- FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING
- PURCHASE DEPARTMENT
- PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
- MARKETING AND SALES DEPARTMENT
PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE

PRESIDENT

MANAGER (E & P)

NEGOTIATION TEAM

ADMINISTRATION TEAM
DEPARTMENT OBJECTIVE

 To reduce the average lead time from 7 days to 4 days for packing materials by
31.12.2010

 To enhance the rate of reduction of the non-moving items from 15% to 30% by
31.12.2010

 To increase purchase of planned items from 60% to 75% by 31.12.2010

 To purchase product at 5% lesser than the last three years average price as applicable
during the year 2009-2010

 To reduce the delivery time (TAT) to cover 85 items by 31.12.2010

  Monitor & measure the customer satisfaction on a quarterly basis & take steps to
fulfill their expectation.

RECOMMENDATIONS

 Some customers are feeling price is very high.

 Many customers feel offer has to be improved.
 More awareness must be created among the customers through Advertisements.

Fabric Construction

In the weaving process, there is always a fixed relation between the ends, picks and width of
the fabrics with the yarn used in warp and weft. The numbers of warp yarn threads required
in one inch of fabric are called ends/inch and the numbers of weft (filling) yarn in an inch of
fabric are also called picks/inch. This relation indicates the construction of the woven fabric.
The construction having large number of ends and picks is called a heavy construction and a
construction having less number of ends and picks is called light constructed fabric.

The construction of a fabric is described as follows:

For example 20*20/108*58 = 63” 1/1, tucked in salvage

This will be read as:

Count of warp yarn (20) * Count of weft yarn (20) / No of ends per inch (108) * No of picks
per inch (58) = Width of fabric (63”), type of weave (1/1) & tucked in salvage.
Type of Weave

There are three main basic weaves in use for the majority of fabric.

• Plain Weave

• Twill Weave

• Satin Weave

Plain Weave

It is the simplest type of construction. On the loom, the plain weave requires only
two harnesses. Each filling yarn goes alternately under and over the warp yarns across the
width of the fabric. If the yarns are closer together, the plain weave will have higher count.

Twill Weave

A distinct design in the form of diagonals is characteristic of the second basic weave
called the twill. The twill is frequently more tightly woven. Uneven four-shaft twill for
example that has one warp yarn riding over three filling yarns is referred to as three up and
one down, or 3/1. Staple yarn is usually left-hand twill. Wool type fabrics are usually right
hand twills.

Satin Weave
 In basic construction the satin weave is similar to the twill weave but generally uses
from five to as many as twelve harnesses producing a five to twelve-shaft construction. It
differs in appearance from the twill weave, because of diagonal of satin weave is not visible.

Weaving Machines

There are many kinds of weaving machines-looms in use today and the basic difference
in all of them is the technology applied for weft yarn insertion. Following are the main
weaving machine that is used in Bismillah.

Machines No of Looms

• Jacquard Looms (Rs 10,000,000 each) 14

(The machine name is Dornier, These machine have computerize system & make all type of
design and made by German)

• Pat Machine 280cm (Rs 500,000 each) 56

(These machine have make a simple design & made by Japan)

• Pat Machine 330cm (Rs 500,000 each) 24

(These machine have make a satin design & made by Japan)

• Dobby Looms (Rs 6,000,000 each) 24

(The machine name is Zax Navy, these have make a dobby design & made by Japan)

• Zax Machine 340cm (Rs 6,000,000 each) 12

(These also make a dobby design and made by Japan)

• Zax Machine 280cm (Rs 6,000,000 each) 12

(These also make a dobby design & made by Japan)

Total Machine-Looms 142

Weaving Process

The flow chart shows the basic flow of processes, which is required for weaving.

 Warping

 Sizing

Drawing in Knotting

 Weaving

 Inspection / Grading

 Folding
  Packing

Description of Weaving Process Flow

Warping

Warping is the process in which yarn from several hundred cones is wound on a
beam. The yarn cones are placed on a rack called creel. From this creel, the yarn are wound
on a warp beam, which is similar to a huge spool. An uninterrupted length of hundreds of
warp yarn results all lying parallel to one another. Different types of looms require different
lengths and density of yarn for the weaving. Normally 650 kg yarn can be wounded on the
beam.

Sizing

The surface of gray yarn is hairy and during the weaving process, yarn is subject to
friction. In order to have better weave, efficiency and less breakage (wastage), the surface of
yarn is to be smoothened and the effects of friction are to minimized. This is done through the
sizing process. The purpose of sizing is to apply a protective film to the body of yarn in order
to enable it to withstand the various stress and strains, by which it is subjected to process of
weaving and enhancing its strength and elasticity.

Yarn is coated with maize starch, PVA (poly vinyl acetate) or water-soluble polymers to
prevent it from chafing or breaking during the weaving process.

Calculation of creel beams required for warping 20*20/108*58 = 98” fabric construction

Total ends = (No of ends * Width) + Selvedge ends = (108*98) + 10 selvedge ends = 10,594
ends Creel capacity = 672 (Maximum creel capacity of warping machine)

No of beams required = Total ends / creel capacity = 10,594 / 672 = 15.75 or 16

Beams, so one set for sizing consist of 16 beams i.e.16 beams are to be sized for making one-
warp beams for feeding on the loom.

Drawing in

Purpose of the drawing in process is to prepare yarn for weaving on looms. Ends of
the yarn are passed through the eyes of the healed. The process of drawing warp threads
through healed and reeds is known as “drawing”.

Knotting

When the yarn on warp beam mounted on the loom comes towards an end, and more
similar variety is to be produced, the yarn from the old beam is knotted with a new beam,
either manually or with the knotting machine mounted on looms, in this case drawing-in does
not have to be performed and time involved in drawing in process is eliminated.

Weaving

The sized and drawn in beam is mounted on the loom at one end and the warp yarns
are conveyed to a cylinder called the cloth roll at the other end, between the eyes of healed
and reed dents. In order to weave fabric, two separate yarns are used i.e. warp yarn and weft
yarn. Warp yarn are generally stronger yarns with more twist per inch and weft yarn are
comparatively softer yarn with lesser twist per inch.

In shuttle less weaving, however, this practice has been eliminated and similar yarns are used
for warp and weft to ensure quality and uniformity of the finished fabric.

Inspection and Grading

The woven fabric on the beams from the looms is taken to the inspection department for
inspection and grading. The fabric inspected by trained staff on the machines. The fabric is
graded as “A” ”B” and “C’, depending on the fabric faults.

There are two fabric grading systems viz, Japanese and American. Brief description of two
systems is given below:

• Japanese System

In this system, if the total faults per 100 running yards (length and width including), are up to
80

Points, the fabric is called “A” grade.

• American System

In this system, if the total faults per 100 running yards are up to 25 points, then the fabric is
called “A” grade,

The points are calculated as follows:

Japanese American

A) One major fault 10 points 4 points

B) Half width fault 5 points 3 points

C) Below half width more than 6 inches 3 points 2 points

D) Below 6 inches width 1 points 1 point

The rejected fabric having minimum piece length of 40 yards or above is called “B”
grade and if the piece length of the rejected fabric is from 9 to 39 yards, it is called “C” grade.
If the piece length of fabric is below 9 yards it is called “rags”. Major cloth faults may be due
to warp or weft yarn poor quality, improper maintenance of loom, poor quality of auxiliary
devices and carelessness on part of weaver.

Major Fabric Fault

• Warp Marks

Longitude strips along warp may cause missing of one or several warp ends.

• Miss picks or set marks

Strips over full and partial width of cloth, improper working of weft fillers, improper
loom stoppage, negligence of weaver.

• Difference in warp yarn and weft yarn density

Thick and thin places, improper working of let off motion or fabric takes up motion,
faulty operation of fork, weft filler, improper loom stoppage, etc.

• Irregular pick

Variation in weft count, irregular operation of take up and let off motion.

• Bad selvedge

Slackening of selvedge ends, improper winding of fabric edges on cloth’s roll,

improper winding of warp on weavers beam.
• Over shoots and fluffing

It is formed by weft yarn, which fails to inter lace with warp and accumulation of fluff
on weft yarn.

• Oil stains and dirt on cloth

Careless oiling of looms, dirty hands of weavers, and condition in the shed.

Major Yarn Fault

• Thick and thin yarn Thick and thin yarn will effect, the warping and sizing. In warping the
yarn is mounted on the warp beams at a certain tension and due to the thin places, the yarn
will break frequently. In sizing, the thin and thick yarn will absorb the sizing material in
different percentages and the sized beams will effect efficiency of looms.

• Shade variation and count variation Yarn prepared from cotton having low staple length
will create excessive breakage during warping and sizing.

• Low staple yarn Yarn prepared from cotton having low staple length will create excessive
breakage during warping and sizing.

• Fluffy yarn

Yarn having fluff on it will create harshness on the woven fabric and it will be difficult to dye

Folding

The inspection department, send the fabric length to folding department in which all the
fabric is folded as per the type of fabric lengths and grades.
Packing

After folding, the fabric is shifted to packing department and the packing department will
pack cloth as per its requirement. For exports the fabric is packed in export’s sea worthy rolls
and bales. The bale packing is from 500 yards to 1000 yards or as per buyer’s requirement.
Some buyers require fabric in roll packing because it is easy for them to put on the
dyeing/finishing machines.

Processing Department

The company has continuously invested on hi-technological automated system as well as

modern instruments and equipment. The equipment installed at processing plant has been
sourced from world-renowned manufacturers, thereby enabling Bismillah to produce
products conforming to international quality standards. It is strongly anticipated that our
investments will be endless owing to the fact that we are living in an era of dynamic and
unceasing technological innovation currently the processing plant is designed for a
production of 3 million meters of printed and 1.5 million meters of dyed fabrics.

The production of dyed cloth is going to increase to 2 million meters as of January 2005.
Printing includes pigment, reactive and vat printing with direct, discharge and resist methods,
and continuous dying on pad-dry-thermosol and pad-dry-steam. It specializes in several
finishes, e.g. oil and water repellant, anti microbial (anti bacterial, anti static, anti fungal, anti
moth etc.), anti static, uv protective, flame retardant, down proof, crease resistance and
wrinkle free, chintz, and special silicone (hydrophobic and hydrophilic).

Woven Gray Fabric Processing

 Gray fabrics must be cleaned before they can be put into the finishing process. It
contains sizing material and may also contain oils, other additives and dirt. Complete removal
is necessary in order to finish, dye, and/or print the fabric effectively. The method of cleaning
depends upon the fiber in the fabric, the kind of impurities present, and the construction of
the fabric. Finishing and processing is categorized in several ways. Those concerned with
textile processing may classify them as wet and dry finishes, respectively.

Gray fabric processing and finishing can be categorized into three major classes.

• White Bleach

• Dyed

• Printed

The designers, merchandisers, sales personal, and others are concerned with end product.

White Bleach

If the cloth is to be finished white or is to be given surface ornamentation, all natural color
must be removed by bleaching. This is also necessary if discoloration stains have occurred
during the previous manufacturing process. Bleaching can be done in the yarn stage as well
as in the constructed fabric.

Dyeing

Dyeing and printing differ in the method by which color is applied to fabric. In the dyeing
process, fiber, yarn, or fabric is impregnated with a dyestuff. To select the proper dye for a
fabric, it is necessary to know which dyes have an affinity for the vegetable, animal, or
manmade fibers.
Printing

In printing, a pattern or a design is generally imprinted on the fabric in one or more colors by
using dyes in paste from or some related means. One form of applying colors decoration to a
fabric after it has otherwise been finished is called printing. There are three basic approaches
to printing a color on a fabric: direct, discharge, and resist.

Woven Fabric Process Flow Chart

The flow chart shows the basic flow of processes, which is required for processing.

Singing and De-sizing

 Batching

 Bleaching

 Scouring

 Mercerizing

 Tentering

 Dyeing

 Printing
Tendering/Finishing
Glazing

 Embossing

 Wash and Wear Finish

 Calendaring

 Sunforizing

 Inspection and Folding

Packing

Description of Woven Fabric Process Flow Singeing and De-sizing In order to remove the
extra fibers from yarn used in cotton or cotton blended fabric weaving, and to have a smooth
finish; singeing is one of the first essential preparatory processes. Singeing is necessary in
order to eliminate the pilling effect on fabric, which may occur due to extra fiber on the yarn
surface. Spun rayon fabrics are also frequently singed. But wool and silk fiber and would
melt resulting in balls on the surface of the fabric. Singeing is accomplished by passing the
gray fabric rapidly over gas flames, usually two burners to a side.

After the cotton cloth leaves the burners, for de-sizing (removing the sizing material), it is
pulled through a solution of an enzyme to digest the starch with which the fabric is
composed.

Batching

After applying the de-sizing agents, the fabric is rolled on and is constantly rotated, with
polythene cover outside, in order to keep it wet from all sides. This is done to have chemical
reaction of the enzymes with sizing material (for breaking the sizing material). PC fabric is
kept in batching for 4 to 8 hours and the cotton fabric is kept for 8 to 16 hours.

Bleaching

Bleaching makes the cloth ready for printing. The fabric undergoes three washes. First two
washes are with the boiling water and the third is with a 60-degree hot water. Bleaching can
be done in the yarn stage as well as in the constructed fabric. The kind of chemicals to be
used depends upon the kind of textile fiber of which the fabric is composed.

Scouring

Scouring is a process, in which the fabrics are given special washes to increase their dye up
take. The chemical react with the cellulose of the fabric. In this process the fabric is passed
through chemical of scouring agent and the wetting agent. These chemicals allow the fiber to
swallow and the dye up take will increase. Scouring is done primarily for the fabric dyeing.

Mercerizing

Mercerizing is an important preparatory process for cotton fabrics. Mercerizing causes the
flat, twisted, ribbon like cotton fiber to swell into a round shape and to contract in length. The
fiber becomes much more lustrous than the original fiber, and its strength is increased by as
much as 20 percent. Its affinity for direct, vat and reactive dyes is much greater. The
processes consist of passing the fabric through a cold 15 to 20 percent solution of caustic
soda. It is then stretched out on a tender frame where hot water sprays remove most of the
caustic. A special washer at the end of the tender removes the balance of the alkali. The
process is continuous.

Tendering
This process is applied at various stages of finishing. Usually a fabric is wet when it is run
into a tender; drying and evening of the fabric width are the primary purposes of tendering.
The tender frame consist of two endless chains carried in rugged rails with clips or pins,
which grip the selvage of the fabric and carry into the heated housing where a blast of hot air
removes any moisture. The tendering process is to keep the warp and weft yarns straightened
and give crease resistance to the fabric. It is an end process for white bleached fabric. Printed
and dyed fabric has to pass through the stander first the bleaching/scouring and second after
printing and dyeing.

Dyeing

In the dyeing process, fiber, yarn, or fabric is impregnated with a dyestuff. To select the
proper dye for a fiber, it is necessary to know which dyes have an affinity for the vegetable,
animal, or manmade fibers. There are several types of dyeing machines devised for different
kinds of fabric with different kinds of raw material. When a dye colors fabric directly with
one operation of impregnation, without the aid of an affixing agent, the dye is called direct
dye.

Following are the main dyeing methods:

• Stock dyeing: The process of dyeing is done in the fiber stage

• Yarn dyeing: The process is done after the fiber has been spun into yarn.

• Piece dyeing: The dyeing is done on the fabric.

• Garment dyeing: It is done after certain kinds of apparel are knitted.

Export Department

Export department plays a vital role in any organization. Bismillah export department is
headed by the export manager. The export manager supervises all the marketing and export
activities. Export manager is also responsible for the exploration of local and foreign markets.
He is also making efforts for the development and the progress of the company.

Objectives

• To increase the export of the Grey Fabric and Yarn.

• To maximize the company profit by increasing exports.

• Exploration of the new markets.

• Market research making the better information system.

• Adopting the new technological a development changes in the field of textile.

• To build the image a credibility of the organization.

• To earn foreign exchange for the progress of the economy of the country.

Functions

Following are the main functions of the export department.

• Export department is responsible for the production planning and the production Follow-up
with the mill.

• Customer correspondence as well.

• Export department also follow-up the local sale and purchase of the yarn and the

Gray fabric.

• The important function of the export department is to make shipment schedule and the
planning.
• Visiting to the existing and new customer.

• Providing timely information about the production of the products to the customers which is
also providing a service to its customers and promoting the company image.

• Improving the quality of the products with collaboration with the buyer and the production
department.

• Bank documents preparation and the follow-up.

• Preparing the custom documents.

• Dealing with the agents and providing timely information to the parties.

• B/L follow-up with the shipping lines.

• Export updating system is also the responsibility of department.

• Preparing the quality analysis report and sending them to higher authorities.

• Maintaining the complete sale and purchase records.

• Export department is helping in improving the quality and betterment of the products and
the company.

• Providing timely information to the clients is the main service provided by the Bismillah
Textile (Pvt) Ltd export department.

Export Documentation

Export procedure is a very lengthy process. It involves a number of documents required by

the importer from the exporter. Bismillah Textile (Pvt) Ltd export department carefully
handle all the steps involve in it.

Because a little bit of mistake can cause a great loss to the exporter and the importer.

• Indent
 • Sales Contract

• Letter of Credit

• Custom Documents

• Packing List

• Bill of Lading

• Bill of Exchange

• Certificate of Origin

• Inspection Certificate

• Shipping Bill

Custom Documents

The custom documents are very important because it provide the evidence that goods
have been transported and it enables the importer to receive the goods from the custom
authorities. As the order placed by the importer is ready on the due date, the export
department issues the dispatch order to the mill. That the following quality should be
dispatched on the containers specified on this L/C. The goods are loaded on the specified
containers and they are sent to the Karachi port on the specified line. BT mostly does its
shipment through the shipping companies. The shipping lines charge their freight and other
charges are paid the agents as well as for clearance of the goods from the port. The agents
handover the documents which involve packing list and invoices to the shipping lines. As the
trailer number, the container number E form number, quality and the quantity is completely
mentioned on this invoices.

Mode Document Carrier

By sea Bill of lading Shipping lines

By Rail Receipt Railway service

By Road Road way bill Transporter

By Air Air way bill Air lines

Packing List

Packing list is a document which involves all the complete list of the goods packed in the
particular shipment. It is very important document. It provides a convenience to the shipping
and the clearance authorities.

Features of packing list

• It usually shows the marks a number mentioned on the packages.

• It shows the weight also.

• Each package is marked by a number.

• It shows the contents of each package, what is nature, quality and quantity of the package.
• It provides a linkage with the other documents to reference to the invoice number, date,
letter of credit number, and date and vessel name.

Bill of Lading

Bill of lading is one of the most important documents in the whole export documents.Because
without this the importer cannot receive their goods from the destination port.
BT first of all drafts the bill of lading and that is sent to the shipping line. Bill of lading also
contains the specifications related to the importer and the exporter. The name of the exporter,
place, the importer, the bank, the quantity is mentioned, the quality is mentioned, the quality
with all specifications required by that, the total value of the goods which are exported. The
date of the bill of lading is mentioned. The shipping line and vessel name is given on B/L.
Bill of lading is a comprehensive document that is issued by the shipping line. The date of
shipment is also mentioned on that. Without this the importer can’t clear the goods from the
destination. BT export department also very quick in follow up of the B/L because they have
to transfer the information to the parties.

Bill of exchange

It is unconditional order in writing, addressed by a person to another, signed by person giving

it, requiring the person to when it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed determinable
future date. When the L/C is opened the B/E must be strictly drawn according to the terms
and conditions of the creditor may be drowning on the request of the applicant or on the bank
request through which the credit is opened. B/E is also a important document of export.

Certificate of Origin

Certificate of origin shows that the good which are being exported are originate from a
country form which importer is allowed. These are required by the authorities in the
importing countries. In order to satisfy and support a claim for the import duty. The
certificate of origin may also be made by the consultants of the importing country in the form
of consoler invoice or legalize the exporter’s commercial invoice. When explorer called for
L/C, of is with the other documents by reference to the invoice number, L/C number and by
quoting shipping marks and number in order to identify the goods.

Administration Department

This is very important department of the organization as the name shows; this department has
to administrate all the operations of the organization. This is handed over to the A.M (Admin.
Manager) of the company who is retired Army officer.

Sections of this department are divided into offices as under:

• Labor Office

• Security Guard Office

• Gate Office

• Time Office

Labor Office

As required by the labor department of the Govt. of Pakistan, this office has been setup to
deal with all the matters that are related with labor. The department is under the labor officer.
He is responsible to resolve all the disputes, conflicts, misunderstanding and any other kind
of matter which may arise from time to time with the labor and the immediate supervisor or
with any other person in the organization. It is the duty of the labor officer to inform the legal
requirements concerning the labor and company affairs as well as any changes in the labor
laws.

It is also the duty of the labor officer to satisfy itself regarding payment of bonus, gratuity,
and the other benefits to labor and to keep their morale and motivational level high. It is also
a requirement to be a successful labor office that he should keep his knowledge up to date
regarding the rules and regulations of the labor department.

Security Guard Office

The main objective of the security office is to safe handling of the goods from / to the mill
premises. For the achievement of such objective a team of security guards has been employed
by the company. All the keys relating the mill office, labor colony, (quarters) are lying into
the responsibility of the security officer.

• No outside visitor can enter in the mills premises without the permission of the Admin
Manager.
• Whenever any visitor wants to enter into the mill, security guard firstly contact with the
authority in the mill to grant the permission to enter into the mill’s premises.

• Security guards can check each and every person before coming in or going out of the
company gate for the security purposes.

• They see and check the outward going pass of the certain things when these going to out of
the mills premises.

• They are the guardians of the everything of the company.

Gate Office

This office has been made to keep the record of each and every thing coming into and going
out of the mills gate.

For this purpose gate office clerk maintains two types of register called;

1. Outward going pass register

2. Inward going pass register

When everything including raw material, stores supplies, or any other thing comes into the
mills premises a document named as I.G.P is made in which information like date of supplier,
description, quantity of the material and any other remarks are written. In the same way
O.G.P is prepared for outgoing things etc and they made a summery on daily basis and fax to
Head Office.

Time Office

• This office keeps and maintains the time record of all the workers on incoming time cards
and pay register for the final preparation of the workers’ salaries.

• It keeps the attendance records, which is then used to calculate the salary to be paid to the
workers on monthly basis.

• It keeps the records of the over time single as well as double, leaves, number of days
worked of all the workers and than calculate their over time on the basis of the gross salary of
each worker.
• It keeps the records of Social Security and Education Cess etc of each employee / worker
payable to government treasury.

• It keeps the records of Gratuity, Bonus, Pensions and other benefits including CPL (Cash
Paid Leave) to each employee / worker of the organization.

Core Competencies

The core competencies of the firm includes

• Technology
 • Work Force

• Facility

• Market Experience

According to management one of the factor, on the basis of which they are competing in the
market is the technology of their product.

The next important thing is the work force according to management; our employees have
been the backbone of the company. They deserve to be given the right condition and right
environment for them to grow and prosper. Throughout the history of the company,
management has prided themselves in its excellent relationship with its employees. This bond
has been recognized as one of the most important ingredient of our recipe for success.

Facility of the firm is also one of the core competencies of the firm. The firm is located at
Faisalabad, 1km Jaranwala Road, Khurnanwala, Faisalabad, Pakistan where it can easily
approaches to customer and supplier. Similarly the market experience is another core
competency.

Marketing Mix

Marketing mix is the set of marketing tool that the firm uses to get its marketing objective in
the target market.

4P’s
1. Product

2. Price
3. Place

4. Promotion

Product

The company is committed to produce and achieve excellence in high quality products. The
products range is extensive and include all sort of curtains, kid’s bedding, fashion bedding,
traditional bedding, basic bedding and kitchen articles. As a fully integrated textile
manufactures, the company’s products range is extensive. It includes various types of
fabrications and blends, such as 100% cotton, cotton lycra, cotton polyester, cotton silk, etc.

The focus is to make differentiated products by using different types of fabrics, such as
solids, dobbies jacquards, etc, and creative styling in the make-up to give high value for
money.

Price

Pricing is an important element in the marketing process for any company. The price policy
of company must be in such a way that it should produce a reasonable profit, for the company
and should satisfy the customer. Following two factors are very important.

• Fixed Cost

• Variable Cost

Fixed Cost

Fixed cost is the cost which remains always same in total whether produce large quantity or
small quantity. Fixed cost per unit rises as the quantity produced decreases and vice versa.
Some companies always try to use their full capacity of production because with increase in
production the fixed cost decrease. Following are some important factors of fixed cost. Some
examples are:

• Salaries & wages

• Rent

• Local Taxes

• Fixed cost in value, the cost related to the machinery.

• Building cost

• Electricity change

• Insurance expenses

• Plant cost

Variable Cost

Variable cost changes in total with the change in quantity produced. It increases as the level
of activity increases. Per unit variable cost remains same whether to produce large or small
quantity. Some examples are:

• Material Cost

• Factory Overhead

• Part time Workers

• Transportation Charges

• Miscellaneous

Fixed cost + Variable cost + Desired profit = Total cost

Pricing Objectives

The obvious pricing objectives of Bismillah Textile are,

• Maximization of profit

• To achieve the target return and targeted sales

• Maintain the market share

Pricing Strategies

BT adopts following strategies in case of pricing fixing:

• Direct Selling

• Agent Selling

Direct Selling

If company sells directly then price components will be as follows:

Fixed cost + Variable cost + Desired profit

Agent Selling

If company sells to the customer through agent then fix price in this way:
 Fixed cost + Variable cost + desired profit + Middleman’s commission

The profit margin depends upon the quality and condition of the market. If the market will
new obviously price level will be low to attract the customer and complete with the existing
competitor.

Pricing Procedure in Local Market

BT sells locally only extra quantity left from the foreign order. They call tender when they
want to sell the production in the local market. They sell to those persons whose tender price
will be high. Sometimes, BT sells its product itself, when some extra quantity is left from
foreign order, they sell at suitable cost.

Pricing Procedure for Export

Pricing procedure for export is different from the local procedure they charging the price in
foreign factors before charging the price in foreign market. When any customer wants to
purchase the products, after negotiation they fix the price. Some important factors are inland
freight, sea freight, clearing charges, etc.

Place / Distribution

BT exports more then 90 % or its product. So, they are using two types of distribution
channels in export.
 • Direct Channel

• Indirect Channel

Direct channel

BT is also dealing directly with the customers. As in the local market and the foreign, the
buyers direct contact with the BT. So the export department fulfill their orders by the
transformers. The transporter helps in delivering the products. The transporters are helping a
lot in progressing the textile industry. The comely delivery to the buyer is the greatest service
to the customer, timely delivery is important for the success and development of the
organization.

Indirect channel

BT to agent & to customer. In the export of textile products, the agents are the back bone of
textile industry. They receive order on the behalf of buyer, give to the seller.

They receive their commission from the buyer and the seller.

• The agents also purchase the products; sell them directly to other buyers. So in this trading
they earn enough profit.

• There has been a large number of agents which are working for their organization in foreign
countries as well as in this country.

• Mostly the export business is through these agents. The agents have been successful due to
credibility and honesty of their work.

• BT mostly receives orders through agents.

• BT pays commission to them.

• Mainly the responsibilities lie on the agents in case of delayed shipments, payment
problems and the quality problems.

• As most of the product of Bismillah are exported. So, they use different modes of
transportation to transfer the product from Bismillah to customer’s country. Mostly Bismillah
export its products through ship. They are other modes of transportation also being used

• Trucking

• Shipping

• Air Lines

Promotion

BT promotes its products, but to a limited extent.

• BT provides the company broachers to the buyers.

• BT provides the samples of the grey fabric. The yarn to the customers.

• BT has a direct contact with the local and the foreign agents, so they also promote the
company products.

• Visits to the customers.

• BT marketing manager also visits its customers.

• Their high quality of the products on the fine count the grey cloth is also promoting the
company and establishing image and goodwill.

• BT provides the timely information to the customers which help in promoting. Observation
and Suggestions

As the textile industry is in crisis but Bismillah Textile Mill limited is performing very well
in such difficult economic conditions. The avenues are always open for further
improvements. I hope that the suggestions given by me that will not only benefit to the
management for getting business but the workers will also efficient in performing their
duties:

• There is centralization of authorities. The Chief Executive and the working Directors take
all the decisions. The authority should be decentralized, because delegation of authority
creates responsibility. If the management will delegate some authority to employees then
employees will feel themselves responsibility and they would work with zeal.

• I would like to recommend that management should develop some policies for the
promotion of efficient workers. As there is no any policy for the promotion of the workers, so
it creates unrest among the workers.

• There is need for refresher courses for the managerial level employees. If the owners would
make arrangements to provide training to the employees then they would work efficiently. By
doing so the productivity of employees would be improve.

• The culture of the organization should be developed as according to the well-established

organization.

• The control of the top management should be very strict over the employees so those
employees will take responsibility for their assign job.

• Proper training should give to new employees as well as the existing employees for the
improving of their efficiency and productivity.

• There is no any procedure for evaluation the performance of employees and hence there are
no extra benefits to the efficient employees. The worker must do work more efficiently when
there would some kind of prize would be given to them, the prize must be as the “employees
of the day, month, or years”.
• There is flat rate of increment for all the employees. This flat rate is also minimal. This is
breading discontent among the employees. The increment should also be given on the basis
of performance and efficiency.

• There is lack of staff members in the office, so there is need for the appointments of new
employees to diversify the load of work from the existing employees.

SWOT Analysis

Strengths

• Imported machinery.

• Strong market image.

• Awareness of product.

• Strong industrial group.

• Good know how about the textile business. This is improving the progress of the company.

• Cheap labour is available to BT which is reducing the per unit cost.

• The products are at compatible prices.

• Cotton is also available at cheaper rates.

• It has its own spinning unit and the weaving unit also.Which is reducing the cost of
production.
• BT has well qualified staff.
• BT has high financial resources. So they can invest in other textile related products.

• BT has its better market information system.

• BT has good relations with local and foreign buyers.

Weakness

• De motivated staff.

• Centralized decision making.

• Centralized control.

• Lack of HR resources development.

• Delivery time is more due to this the shipment are delayed.

• Lack of promotional activities. BT should do the more effort in promotion.

• Non-professional attitude. This is decreasing efficiency.

Opportunities

• Potential in the market.

• Govt. is also providing lot of incentives to the exporters.

• The decreasing interest rates on the loans.

• BT has opportunity to explore new international and growth oriented markets for the
exports of
Fabric.
• BT can play the role of agent. So they can save the commission which is paid to the agents.
• BT can better the marketing techniques.

• The company should import the latest technology to decrease the per unit cost of the
production.
• The company should make efforts to improve the technical skills of the labour and the
employees which will improve the overall efficiency and productivity of the organization.

Threats

• The unreliable agriculture sector.

• Govt. strict policies about the textile sector.

• Political instability is also a major threat.

• The BT will face tough competition in domestic and international markets.

• WTO regime will be a great threat.

• China, Thailand and Indonesia are the emerging giants in textile.

• BT has a threat from the domestic and the international competitors.

• New entrants.

• Increasing the cost of production.

• Price fluctuations.

• Devaluation of US $.
CONCLUSION

This study suggests that, the company has to improve the advertisement and marketing
activities as well as the company has to concentrate on price & offer programmes. The
company has to using new technologies for developing variety of fabric products in industry.
It may very useful for sustain the position in the textile industry.