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Elle Thompson, Defne Bilhan, Sophie Robertson, and Sophie Terraciano-Spence, Period 2
Thesis Statement
The Berlin Wall was a vivid symbol of the division of Germany during the cold war. The fall of
the wall caused many changes in both Germany and the world around it, and the effects are still prevalent
today. The Berlin Wall was taken down in 1989 after having been in place for nearly 30 years, and while
the physical barrier of the wall was torn down between east and west Germany, social divisions swelled
once the wall was destroyed. The hasty combining of two economic systems, the western and eastern,
resulted in a struggling economy and deindustrialization. The mass migration to the west also caused
Berlin to suffer with unemployment problems and sparked resentment between Western and Eastern
people. Conflicts between politicians, countries, and citizens raged on, making the fight for compromise a
seemingly impossible task. Despite great difficulty, Germany today has surpassed the odds and grown
Primary Sources
Newman, Peter C. "Berlin: Europe's new commercial cabaret." Maclean's, 14 Feb. 1994, p. 33. Global
This source is a person who recounts the things he witnessed after visiting berlin after the fall of
the Berlin wall. He realizes that some of the Berliners aren't happy after the fall, even if the international
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3410800143/OVIC?u=j057911001&xid=482f022e. Accessed
19 Oct. 2017.
This source is a speech from Nikita Khrushchev on how he did not want Germany to unify. This
offers an opposing viewpoint to reunification and gives insight to the opposite argument. (Defne)
“Letter from Ulbricht to Khrushchev," January 18, 1961, History and Public Policy Program Digital
Archive, SED Archives, Berlin. IfGA, ZPA, J IV 2/202/129. CWIHP Working Paper No. 5,
"Ulbricht and the Concrete 'Rose.'" Translated for CWIHP by Hope Harrison.
http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/117140
This is a letter from two officials discussing possible solutions to improve the economics and
politics of West Berlin and Germany. It helped us see insight into some of the solutions and compromises
made. (Defne)
"Excerpt from the Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev," November 10, 1989, History and Public Policy Program
Digital Archive, Notes of Anatoly Chernyaev, the Gorbachev Foundation Archive, f. 2, op. 2.
http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/111535
This is a diary entry from Anatoly Chernyaev, praising and following the fall of the Berlin Wall.
Her perspective shows how the general public felt initially about its fall. (Elle)
"Speech by President Ronald Reagan at the Brandenburg Gate, West Berlin, 'Remarks on East-West
Relations'," June 12, 1987, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Ronald Reagan
This is Ronald Reagan's famous speech in which he advises Soviet General Secretary Mikhail
Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall. This shows the international pressure for the wall to come down.
(Sophie TS)
"Germany Celebrates Reunification." AFP News Footage, 1 Oct. 2010. Global Issues in Context,
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CT3208640007/GIC?u=j057911001&xid=371fd879 . Accessed 17
Oct. 2017.
This video shows the citizens of Germany stating their opinions on the reunification of Berlin and
fall of the Berlin wall. This displays some of the positive outcomes of the fall.(Sophie R)
Gaps, John, III. "Fall of the Berlin Wall." Government, Politics, and Protest: Essential Primary Sources,
edited by K. Lee Lerner, et al., Gale, 2006, pp. 287-290. Global Issues in Context,
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2687500116/GIC?u=j057911001&xid=6ada3c62. Accessed 17
Oct. 2017.
This source is a photograph from the day the wall fall. It pictures the Berlin people breaking apart
"Bush, George and Mikhail Gorbachev." Cold War Reference Library, edited by Richard C. Hanes, et al.,
vol. 5: Primary Sources, UXL, 2004, pp. 307-318. Global Issues in Context,
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3410800154/OVIC?u=j057911001&xid=69247b3a. Accessed 19
Oct. 2017.
This source shows pictures of Bush and Gorbachev meeting and other pictures from when
"The Visit." Human and Civil Rights: Essential Primary Sources, edited by Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner, et
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2560000066/OVIC?u=j057911001&xid=3834669b. Accessed
19 Oct. 2017.
This source contains a first-person account of what it was like to live through the lasting effects
of
the Berlin Wall. This source helped us form our thesis statement by providing facts of what was
Pace, E. (2001, Jun 23). Wolfgang fuchs, 62, helped east germans escape to west.New York Times
This source is about a man who helped people escape from the east wall. This story shows what
life was life while the wall was up and how people reacted. (Sophie R)
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687500116&windowstate=normal&activityType=BasicSearch&failOverType=&commentary=.
This source talks about the fall of the Berlin Wall and provides images that show the citizens of
Secondary Sources:
Mueller, Tom. "Berlin: beyond the wall; Nearly 17 years after the wall came down, Berliners are
still trying to escape its shadow." Smithsonian, June 2006, p. 94+. General OneFile,
go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&sw=w&u=j057911105&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA147205945&asi
This source discusses the effects of the wall and the residing issues after its fall. This helped us
form our thesis by offering a complete history, with causes and effects. (Elle)
Riding, Alan. "A Capital Reinstated and Remodeled." New York Times, Apr 11, 1999, pp. 1, Research
This source discusses the visibility of Berlin’s scars, how it has struggled for a very long time, and
how its past creates further struggles for the country. This definitely helped us form an opinion on these
issues and our thesis is primary based on this source for it’s eye opening content. (Elle)
"Berlin Wall." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, edited by William A. Darity, Jr., 2nd
ed., vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2008, p. 289. Gale Virtual Reference Library,
go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=j057911&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX3045
This source overviews the time that the wall was up, details how it was like living with the wall,
and touches on the effects the wall had on the world. (Sophie R)
This source discusses causes of the Berlin Wall and mentions some effects the wall had on
ic.galegroup.com/ic/gic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=f
alse&displayGroupName=Reference&currPage=&scanId=&query=&docIndex=&source=&pro
dId=GIC&search_within_results=&productShortName=GIC&mode=view&catId=&u=j057911
001&limiter=&display-
query=&displayGroups=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3
048500227&windowstate=normal&activityType=BasicSearch&failOverType=&commentary=.
This source elaborates on the conflict between East and West Berlin, the building and
reason for the Berlin wall, and the destruction of the wall. It helps provide insight as to how
social issues may have resulted with the fall of the wall. (Sophie TS)
Gay, Lance. "In Berlin Suburb, End of Wall Meant Start of War." Chicago Tribune (pre-1997 Fulltext),
https://search.proquest.com/docview/283396904?accountid=35844.
This source talks about the social issues and conflict between Eastern and Western people in
Berlin. This shows a big part of our thesis, on how the people were still deeply divided despite no physical
barriers. (Defne)
"Did the New Democrats and Berlin Wall fall together? ANALYSIS / International and domestic events
have prompted the left to begin re-examining itself and to ask whether it still has a purpose."
Globe & Mail [Toronto, Canada], 29 Apr. 1994, p. A7. Global Issues in Context,
2017.
This source elaborates upon the effects on socialism/democracy in politics after the fall of the
Heon-Klin, V., Sieber, E., Huebner, J., & Mindy, T. F. (2001). The influence of geopolitical change on
the
well-being of a population: The berlin wall. American Journal of Public Health, 91(3), 369-74.
This source contains eyewitness accounts and interviews from both the east and west sides after
https://search.proquest.com/docview/888062117?accountid=35844
This source examines the stages of the rise and fall of the wall. It also helped contribute to our
"Berlin Wall." Europe Since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction, edited by John
Merriman and Jay Winter, vol. 1, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, pp. 354-357. Gale Virtual
Reference Library
,go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=j057911&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX34470
This source breaks down the complex timeline of the Berlin Wall into easy to understand
sections of information. This helped us to comprehend the timeline of events better. (Sophie R)
go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T003&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsTy
pe=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm¤tPosition=1&docId=GALE%7CCX3403300077&
docType=Geographic+overview&sort=RELEVANCE&contentSegment=&prodId=GVRL&conte
ntSet=GALE%7CCX3403300077&searchId=R2&userGroupName=j057911&inPS=true&u=j057
911&authCount=2.
This source provides the history of the wall and other basic, yet crucial facts, from its erection to
its fall. To become expert in this subject, we needed sources such as this to gain all of the facts and
Thousands Stream Past the Berlin Wall to the West. the Communist Regime Promises that
Freedom of Travel Will be Permanent." Los Angeles Times (pre-1997 Fulltext), Nov 11, 1989, pp.
This source talks about the thousands of Germans who gathered to take down the wall and celebrate the
freedoms its fall granted them. The reactions of the people gave us insight as to how the general public
Rodden, John. "'Barbed-Wire Sunday'." Commonweal, vol. 128, no. 14, 2001, pp. 9-10, Research Library
Prep, https://search.proquest.com/docview/210391334?accountid=35844.
In this source, the general history of the Berlin Wall, in both its rise and fall, was discussed and analyzed.
This helped us with our knowledge of the events that took place during this time period. (Elle)
Harrison, Hope M. "Death at the Berlin Wall." German Politics and Society, vol. 30, no. 2, 2012, pp.
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1022502518?accountid=35844.
This source contains a review of a book, Death at the Berlin Wall, and reviews the history of the Berlin
Wall. The excerpts of this expert source helped give insight to the danger of the Berlin Wall. (Elle)
Brenke, Karl. “Income Growth in German Households: East Germany Falls Behind.” DIW Berlin: Income
Growth in German Households : East Germany Falls Behind, 2005,
www.diw.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=diw_01.c.449291.de.
This source talks about the effects of the Berlin wall in East German households. The information of this
source shows how the West was developing faster than the East in terms of employment and income.
anthonysuau.photoshelter.comood/image/I0000uARIZJ77tjw.
This image shows a man crying, as he reunites with his family. It is a good representation of how the wall
separated families, and the downfall of the wall enabled them to meet again.
lithub.com/the-moment-that-changed-the-cold-war/.
This is image shows a women attempting to climb over the wall. This shows how people destested the wall
Sarotte, Mary Elise. “Los Angeles Times.” Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Times, Berlin, 8 Nov. 2014,
www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-sarotte-putin-berlin-wall-20141109-story.html.
This picture shows East German border guards taking down a part of the wall in order to create a new
passage point. Citizens crowd the wall to observe the changes to the division.
“The Telegraph.” The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group, Berlin, 4 Nov. 2009,
www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/6496238/Berlin-Wall-building-the-wall-a
d-a-city-divided-between-East-and-West.html.
This image shows workers beginning to lay down the stone for the wall. It is the mere start of the
historycooperative.org/accidental-freedom-fall-berlin-wall/.
This image shows german citizens crowding the wall as the guards watch. The citizens are eager for the
Eason, Steve. “Berliners On The Wall.” Google Arts & Culture, Google, Berlin,
www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/exhibit/gRY3dhB8.
This image shows a man posing with a hammer and a chisel. The citizens of Berlin used these tools to try