Written Report

in
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

MODULE 10: The Green World: Plants

Submitted by:
Lyn C. Pelonio

BSED-III (English)

Submitted to:
Roscel T. Prudente

Instructor

A.Y. 2017
 I. Introduction

Plants are one of the two groups into which all living things were traditionally divided;
the other is animals. The division goes back at least as far as Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC),
who distinguished between plants, which generally do not move, and animals, which often
are mobile to catch their food. Much later, when Linnaeus (1707–1778) created the basis
of the modern system of scientific classification, these two groups became
the kingdoms Vegetabilia (later Metaphyta or Plantae) and Animalia (also called
Metazoa). Since then, it has become clear that the plant kingdom as originally defined
included several unrelated groups, and the fungi and several groups of algae were
removed to new kingdoms. However, these organisms are still often considered plants,
particularly in popular contexts. Outside of formal scientific contexts, the term "plant"
implies an association with certain traits, such as being multicellular,
possessing cellulose, and having the ability to carry out photosynthesis.
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of
the kingdom Plantae.
 II. Summary

Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of

the kingdom Plantae.The term is today generally limited to the green plants, which form
an unranked clade Viridiplantae (Latin for "green plants"). This includes
the floweringplants, conifers andother gymnosperms, ferns, clubmosses, hornworts, live
rworts, mosses and the green algae, and excludes the red and brown algae.

Historically, plants formed one of two kingdoms covering all living things that were
not animals, and both algae and fungi were treated as plants; however all current
definitions of "plant" exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as
the Prokaryotes (the archaea and bacteria).Green plants have cell walls
containing cellulose and obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis by
primary chloroplasts, derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. Their chloroplasts
contain chlorophylls a and b, which gives them their green color. Some plants
are parasitic and have lost the ability to produce normal amounts of chlorophyll or to
photosynthesize. Plants are characterized by sexual reproduction and alternation of
generations, although asexual reproduction is also common.

There are about 300–315 thousand species of plants, of which the great majority, some
260–290 thousand, are seed plants (see the table below).[5] Green plants provide most of
the world's molecular oxygen and are the basis of most of Earth's ecologies, especially
on land. Plants that produce grains, fruits and vegetables form humankind's basic
foodstuffs, and have been domesticated for millennia. Plants play many roles in culture.
They are used as ornaments and, until recently and in great variety, they have served as
the source of most medicines and drugs. The scientific study of plants is known
as botany, a branch of biology.
 III. Implication
Most of the human diet is plant derived; in addition, a large fraction of raw materials for
shelter, clothing and other life necessities of Homo sapiens is obtained from plant
products. Furthermore, countless medicinal extracts have been produced from plants.
Tree rings are a method of dating in archaeology and serve as a record of past climates.
Basic biological research has often been done with plants, such as use of pollen core
records to study the distant past or the pea plants used to derive Mendel's laws of
genetics. The field of ethno botany studies plant use by indigenous cultures, which helps
to conserve endangered species as well as discover new medicinal herbs. Gardening is
the top leisure activity in many world regions.

Plants have served as a source of interest to humans for millennia beyond their use as
food. Gardening for ornamental purposes and use of cut flowers for decoration have been
noted at least as early as the Bronze Age by Egyptian, Cretan, and Celtic cultures, for
example. Early scientists such as the Greeks spent considerable effort engaging in
describing and characterizing morphology of various species. Plants have been an
important element of human art, with elements of plant architecture appearing as
ornamentation for ceramics and other decoration in Neolithic and Bronze ages in China,
Crete, Southern Africa, British Isles, Egypt, and in the Mayan civilizations. As an example,
glyphs found in Middle Minoan pottery as early as 1850 BC contain designs of olive sprig,
saffron, wheat, and silphium. In the history of art, plants played an important role as
subjects in classical still-life paintings, and may have reached a crescendo with
obsessions by 18th- and 19th-century European printmakers in creating myriads of
botanical prints.
 IV. Conclusion

Plants are also a source of food, and shelter and medicine to the human being. We
must plant and take good care of plants to have a bountiful and healthy life. Plants are
necessary in our daily lives. We must support and contribute in planting programs
specifically tree plantings. To prevent the natural dangerous phenomena in nature.

Furthermore, we must also protect every organisms and our nature because we cannot
live alone we are dependent with every living organisms here on earth

V. Recommendation

After understanding the different the different essence of plats on our daily lives,
I recommend not only to my fellow students but also to every human being to plant
and protect them because we are one of the consumers of plants that give us oxygen
to breath and food to eat.
THE GREEN PLANTS