1 Is Complete

21st Century Literature in Various Regions, 21st Century Literature from
the Philippines and the World

Philippine Literature during the Precolonial Period
Q1
Single Answer
Question
This story is passed down from generation to generation, and it becomes part of a tradition of a community.
What do you call this narrative?
Correct answer
epic
folktale
legend
myth
Explanation
A folktale is passed down from generation to generation, and it becomes part of a tradition of a community.
An example is the folktale about Juan.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
This story is told to explain a belief, a practice, or a natural phenomenon. What do you call this narrative?
Correct answer
epic
fable
legend
myth
Explanation
A myth is a story told to explain a belief, a practice, or a natural phenomenon. An example is the creation my
th.
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Q3
Single Answer
Question
This story is presented as history but is unlikely to be true. What do you call this narrative?
Correct answer
epic
fable
legend
myth
Explanation
A legend is presented as history but is unlikely to be true. An example is the legend of the great flood.
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Q4
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following statements is not true about the precolonial literature of the Philippines?
Correct answer
Precolonial literature includes chants, proverbs, and songs.
Precolonial literature includes folk narratives like folktales, epics, and myths.
Precolonial literature includes literature that were passed on from generation to generation
through the word of mouth.
Precolonial literature depicts the livelihood, customs, and traditions of the Filipinos during the
Spanish occupation.
Explanation
Precolonial literature depicts the livelihood, customs, and traditions of Filipino natives before the Spanish oc
cupation.
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Q5
Exact Value
Question
Folk narratives were passed on from generation to generation by printed books_.
Type TRUE if the statement is true. If it is false, type the right phrase to replace the underlined phrase.
Correct answer
word of mouth, Word of Mouth
Hint
This phrase means “by being told by another person.”
Explanation
Folk narratives are oral literature. They were passed on from generation to generation by word of mouth.
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Q6
Categorise
Question
Match each folk narrative to its origin.
Correct answer
Ilocano
Biag ni Lam-ang
Maranao
Darangan
Panay
Hinilawod
Tagalog
Juan Gathers Guavas

Explanation
“Biag ti Lam-ang” is an Ilocano epic. “Darangan” is Maranao epic. “Hinilawod” originates from central Panay.
“Juan Gathers Guavas” is a Tagalog folktale.
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Q7
Categorise
Question
Match the statements to the right creation myth.
Correct answer
Creation Myth of the Igorot
People are made from reeds.

The Great Spirit creates salt and pottery.
Creation Myth of the Tagalog
There was no land at the beginning, and there were only the sky and the sea.
The first man and woman had children that later became chiefs, slaves, and other types of
people.
Explanation
According to the Igorot creation myth, Lumawig the Great Spirit made people from reeds. Also, he created s
alt and pottery. On the other hand, according to the creation myth of the Tagalog, there was no land at the b
eginning, and there were only the sky and the sea. Then the first man and woman had children that later bec
ame chiefs, slaves, and other types of people.
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Q8
Single Answer
Passage
Juan Gathers Guavas (A Tagalog Folktale)
One day several neighbors came to Juan’s home to visit. His father wanted to give the guests something to
eat, so he sent Juan to get some ripe guavas for them.
Full of mischief, Juan decided to play a joke on his father’s guests. He went to get the guavas and ate all of t
hem while thinking of a good joke. Then he saw a wasp’s nest hung nearby. With some difficulty he manage
d to take it down and put it into a tight basket. He hastened home and gave the basket to his father. Quickly
he left the room where the guests were and closed the door and fastened it.
As soon as Juan’s father opened the basket, the wasps flew over the room. With the door locked, the people
fought to get out of the windows. After a while Juan opened the door. When he saw the swollen faces of the
people, he cried.
“What fine, rich guavas you must have had! They have made you all so fat!”
Question
What is likely the purpose of “Juan Gathers Guavas”?
Correct answer
to teach a lesson
to amuse its listeners
to give emphasis on a virtue
to educate the readers about society
Explanation
The story is meant to be funny or humorous. Juan who is full of mischief finds a way to play a trick on his fat
her and his guests.
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Q9
Single Answer
Passage
The Monkey and the Crocodile (A Tagalog Fable)
One day, a monkey saw a tall macopa tree laden with ripe fruits, which stood by a wide river. It was hungry,
so it climbed the tree and ate all of the fruits. When it climbed down, it could find no means by which to cross
the river. Then it saw a young crocodile who had just woke up from its siesta. It said to the crocodile in a frie
ndly way, “My dear Crocodile, will you do me a favor?”
The crocodile was greatly surprised by the monkey’s amicable salutation. So, it answered humbly, “Oh, yes!
If there is anything I can do for you, I shall be glad to do it.” The monkey then told the crocodile that it wante
d to get to the other side of the river. Then the crocodile said, “I’ll take you there with all my heart. Just sit on
my back, and we’ll go at once.”
The monkey sat firmly on the crocodile’s back, and they began to move. In a short while they reached the mi
ddle of the stream. Then the crocodile began to laugh aloud. “You foolish monkey!” it said, “I’ll eat your liver
and kidneys, for I’m very hungry.” The monkey became nervous. Trying to conceal its anxiety, it said, “I’m ve
ry glad that you mentioned the matter. I thought myself that you might be hungry, so I have prepared my live
r and kidneys for your dinner. Unfortunately, in our haste to depart, I left them hanging on the macopa tree. L
et us return, and I’ll get them for you.”
Convinced that the monkey was telling the truth, the crocodile turned around and swam back to the direction
of the macopa tree. When they got near the riverbank, the monkey nimbly jumped up onto the land and sca
mpered up the tree. The crocodile came to realize what happened and said, “I am a fool.”
Question
Fables often teach a lesson. What is likely the lesson taught by “The Monkey and the Crocodile”?
Correct answer
Trust everyone.
Beware of the deceitful.
Your cunning can take you anywhere.
Being clever is better than being strong.
Explanation
Both characters, the monkey and the crocodile, are capable of deceit. The crocodile is friendly at first and th
en turns on the monkey right in the middle of the river. Then the monkey deceives the crocodile to save its lif
e.
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Q10
Single Answer
Passage
The Creation (An Excerpt from the Tagalog myth)
After a while the parents grew very tired of having so many idle and useless children around. They wished to
be rid of them, but they knew of no place to send them to. Time went on, and the children became so numer
ous that the parents enjoyed no peace. One day, in desperation, the father seized a stick and began beating
them on all sides.
The beating frightened the children so much that they fled in different directions. Some seek hidden rooms in
the house. Some concealed themselves in the walls. Some ran outside, while others hid in the fireplace. Se
veral fled to the sea.
Now it happened that those who went into the hidden rooms of the house later became the chiefs of the isla
nds; and those who concealed themselves in the walls became slaves. Those who ran outside were free me
n; and those who hid in the fireplace became negroes; while those who fled to the sea were gone many year
s, and when their children came back they were the white people.
Question
What does the excerpt suggest about the society of the native Filipinos?
Correct answer
Parents should be strict.
There are different classes of people.
Idle and useless people should be punished.
Beating children is a way to teach them how to behave properly.
Explanation
The last paragraph reflects the society of the native Filipinos. It shows the different classes of people, namel
y, the chiefs, the slaves, the free men, as well as the negroes and the white people.

Philippine Literature during the Spanish Colonial Period
Q1
Multiple Choice
Question
What are the factors that greatly influenced the Philippine Literature during the Spanish occupation?
Correct answer
education
religion
trade
wealth
Explanation
Philippine Literature during the Spanish occupation was mostly influenced by Christianity as well as the Euro
pean ideals of liberty and freedom through trade.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
Published in 1605, this book contains basic Catholic doctrines. What is the title of this book?
Correct answer
Noli Me Tangere
Gracias de sin sempiternas
Memorial de la vida cristiana en lengua tagala
Sampaguitas y poesias varias
Explanation
Memorial de la vida cristiana en lengua tagala is a book of Catholic doctrines published in 1605. It contains t
he ladino poem “Gracias de sin sempiternas” by Fernando Bagongbanta.
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Q3
Exact Value
Question
These natives could speak and write in both Spanish and their own language. What do you call them?
Correct answer
Ladinos, ladinos
Explanation
The Spanish missionaries hired natives to translate Spanish religious instructional materials in the native lan
guage. Eventually, the natives became fluent in Spanish and became known as ladinos.
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Q4
Single Answer
Question
Complete the following analogy:
Jose Rizal : Noli Me Tangere : : Pedro Paterno : _
Correct answer
El Filibusterismo
Gracias de sin sempiternas
Ninay
Sampaguitas y poesias varias
Explanation
Jose Rizal wrote Noli Me Tangere, the first of his two novels; while Pedro Paterno wrote Ninay, the first Filipi
no novel.
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Q5
Multiple Choice
Question
Jose de la Cruz : _________ : :

Francisco Baltazar : _________
Correct answer
komedya
novel
pasyon
poetry
Explanation
Jose de la Cruz was a master of the komedya (also called moro-moro), while Francisco Baltazar was a mast
er of traditional Tagalog poetry.
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Q6
Multiple Choice
Question
Which of the following statements are not true about the native literature during the Spanish occupation?
Correct answer
The written tradition of the native literature was destroyed by the Spaniards during their
occupation of the country.
The written tradition of the native literature survived during the Spanish occupation of the
country.
The oral tradition of the native literature failed to survive during the Spanish occupation of the
country.
The oral tradition of the native literature survived during the Spanish occupation of the
country.
Explanation
The Spaniards destroyed the written native literature in their effort to replace it with their own. However, the
oral tradition survived and flourished in areas beyond the reach of the Spaniards.
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Q7
Single Answer
Question
Which statement is true for the moro-moro?
Correct answer
Muslims triumph over Christians in the story of moro-moro.
Christians triumph over Muslims in the story of moro-moro.
Christians and Muslims triumph over evil in the story of moro-moro.
Christians and Muslims triumph over their common enemy in the story of moro-moro.
Explanation
The moro-moro depicted the war between Christians and Muslims, wherein the former always win.
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Q8
Single Answer
Passage
Mahal na Passion
Ni Gaspar Aquino de Belen
Sa Ona pang nanhuhula

ang manga Profetang madla
saquit na ypararaya
manga ypararalita
sa Messias na naava.
Ang vica,y, matatalian

daracpin nang sandatahan,
mumurahi,t, di ygalang
siya,y pagiyvan naman
Discipulong caybigan
Totobonga,t, ysosombong.
daraiquin sa pagtotol.
casinongalingan yaon
doon nila yoolong
cay Poncio Pilatong Hocom,
Ang manga hula pa,t, ysip

ay hahampasing masaquit
nang limang libong mahiguit
at popotongan nang tinic
ang olo niyang mariquit.
Question
What kind of poetry is de Belen’s poem?
Correct answer
descriptive
free verse
lyrical
narrative
Explanation
Gaspar Aquino de Belen’s Mahal na Passion is a narrative poem. The excerpt shows different scenes of Jes
us’ sufferings between the Last Supper and his death.
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Q9
Single Answer
Passage
Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan
Ni Andres Bonifacio
Aling pagibig pa ang hihigit kaya

sa pagkadalisay at pagkadakila
gaya ng pagibig sa tinubuang lupa?
alin pagibig pa? wala na nga; wala.
Ulitulitin mang basahin ng isip

at isa-isahing talastasing pilit
ang salita’t buhay na limbag at titik
ng sangtinakpan ito ang mababatid.
Banal na pagibig! pagikaw ang nukal

sa tapat na puso ng sino't alin man,
imbi’t taong gubat maralita’t mangmang
nagiging dakila at iginagalang.
Pagpupuring lubos ang palaging gawad

ng taong mahal sa Bayan niyang liyag
umawit, tumula, kumatha’t sumulat
kalakhan din niya'y isinisiwalat.
Walang mahalagang hindi inihandog

ng may pusong mahal sa Bayan niyang irog
dugo, yaman, dunong, katiisa’t pagod,
buhay ma’y abuting magkalagot-lagot.
Question
In this excerpt, why does the poet regard the love for one’s country as pure and noble?
Correct answer
Because with love for country, one writes for the good of his or her country.
Because with love for country, one sacrifices his whole being for his or her country.
Because with love for country, one raises himself or herself and the others from poverty.
Because with love for country, one frees himself or herself and the others from colonial
oppression.
Explanation
The fifth stanza suggests that with love for country, one gives his or her whole being for the country.
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Q10
Single Answer
Passage
“The Voice of the Hunted”
(Chapter XLIX of Charles Derbyshire’s The Social Cancer, a complete English translation of Jose Rizal’s Nol
i Me Tangere)
In a few words Elias recounted his conversation with the leader of the tulisanes, omitting the latter’s doubts a
nd threats. Ibarra listened attentively and was the first to break the long silence that reigned after he had fini
shed his story.
“So they want—”

“Radical reforms in the armed forces, in the priesthood, and in the administration of justice; that is to say, the
y ask for paternal treatment from the government.”
“Reforms? In what sense?”
“For example, more respect for a man’s dignity, more security for the individual, less force in the armed force
s, fewer privileges for that corps which so easily abuses what it has.”
“Elias,” answered the youth, “I don’t know who you are, but I suspect that you are not a man of the people; y
ou think and act so differently from others. You will understand me if I tell you that, however imperfect the co
ndition of affairs may be now, it would be more so if it were changed. I might be able to get the friends that I
have in Madrid to talk, by paying them; I might even be able to see the Captain-General; but neither would th
e former accomplish anything nor has the latter sufficient power to introduce so many novelties. Nor would I
ever take a single step in that direction, for the reason that, while I fully understand that it is true that these c
orporations have their faults, they are necessary at this time. They are what is known as a necessary evil.”
Greatly surprised, Elias raised his head and looked at him in astonishment. “Do you, then, also believe in a n
ecessary evil, sir?” he asked in a voice that trembled slightly. “Do you believe that in order to do good it is ne
cessary to do evil?”
“No, I believe in it as in a violent remedy that we make use of when we wish to cure a disease. Now then, th
e country is an organism suffering from a chronic malady, and in order to cure it, the government sees the n
ecessity of employing such means, harsh and violent if you wish, but useful and necessary.”
Question
In this excerpt, Crisostomo Ibarra and Elias are having a conversation about the demands of the tulisanes or
the bandits. Which of these statements tells Ibarra’s viewpoint on such demands?
Correct answer
The demands of the tulisanes are reasonable because the Spanish forces use excessive
force.
The demands of the tulisanes are not reasonable for the demands suggest that the tulisanes
are ungrateful.
The demands of the tulisanes are difficult to meet but not impossible because Ibarra has
connections to help in the situation.
The demands of the tulisanes are not realistic for Ibarra thinks that the use of force by the
Spanish forces is necessary and useful.
Explanation
Crisostomo Ibarra likens the use of force by the Spaniards to a cure of a chronic disease. It may be harsh an
d violent but useful and necessary.

Philippine Literature during the American and the Japanese Periods
Q1
Single Answer
Question
What was the medium of instruction in public schools during the American occupation of the Philippines?
Correct answer
English
Filipino
Nihonggo
Tagalog
Explanation
English was the medium of instruction in public schools during the American occupation of the Philippines.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
What is considered to be the first modern Filipino short story?
Correct answer
Dead Stars
His Native Soil
A Child of Sorrow
Lupang Tinubuan
Explanation
“Dead Stars” by Paz Marquez Benitez is considered to be the first modern Filipino short story.
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Q3
Single Answer
Question
What year did the anthology Ang Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino ng 1943 come out?
Correct answer
1942
1943
1944
1945
Explanation
Ang Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino ng 1943 came out in 1944.
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Q4
Exact Value
Question
Filipino fictionists writing during this literary period copied American writers. What is this period called?
Correct answer
Apprenticeship period, apprenticeship
Explanation
During the apprenticeship period (1900–1930), Filipino fictionists imitated American writers.
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Q5
Multiple Choice
Question
Which writers became prominent during the American occupation of the Philippines?
Correct answer
Liwayway Arceo
Paz Marquez Benitez
Juan C. Laya
Narciso Reyes
Explanation
“Dead Stars” by Paz Marquez Benitez was published in 1925. His Native Soil by Juan C. Laya was publishe
d in 1940.
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Q6
Multiple Choice
Question
Filipino fictionists during the apprenticeship period copied American writers. Who were these writers?
Correct answer
Sherwood Anderson
Franklin Roosevelt
Ernest Hemingway
William Saroyan
Explanation
During the apprenticeship period, Filipino fictionists like Jose Garcia Villa, Manuel Arguilla, N. V. M. Gonzale
z, and Francisco Arcellana copied Sherwood Anderson, William Saroyan, and Ernest Hemingway.
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Q7
Correct Order
Question
The given literary works appear in the anthology Ang Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino ng 1943. Th
ey were the top four stories that won a contest sponsored by the Japanese during their occupation of the Phi
lippines. Arrange them according to their rank (from first to fourth).
Correct answer
“Lupang Tinubuan” by Narciso G. Reyes
“Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa” by Liwayway Arceo
“Nayon at Dagat-dagatan” by N. V. M. Gonzalez
“Suyuan sa Tubigan” by Macario Pineda
Explanation
Ang Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino ng 1943 is a collection of stories that won a contest sponsore
d by the Japanese. The top four stories were “Lupang Tinubuan” by Narciso G. Reyes, “Uhaw ang Tigang n
a Lupa” by Liwayway Arceo, “Nayon at Dagat-dagatan” by N. V. M. Gonzalez, and “Suyuan sa Tubigan” by
Macario Pineda.
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Q8
Multiple Choice
Question
Why did the development of Philippine literature in English during the Japanese occupation halt?
Correct answer
Tagalog short stories became popular.
Tagalog was declared one of the official languages of the country.
Some Filipino writers during the period turned to writing in Filipino.
The Japanese censored literary works produced during the period.
Explanation
The Japanese censorship and the declaration of Tagalog as an official language put a halt to the developme
nt of Philippine Literature in English during the Japanese occupation.
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Q9
Single Answer
Passage
Moonlight on Manila Bay
By Fernando M. Maramag
A light, serene, ethereal glory, rests

Its beam effulgent on each cresting wave;
The silver touches of the moonlight lave
The deep’s bare bosom that the breeze molests;
While lingering whispers deepen as the wavy crests
Roll with weird rhythm, now gay, now gently grave;
And floods of lambent light appear the sea to pave—
All cast a spell that heeds not time’s behests.
Not always such the scene: the din of fight
Has swelled the murmur of the peaceful air;
Here East and West have oft displayed their might;
Dark battle clouds have dimmed this scene so fair;
Here, bold Olympia, one historic night,
Presaging freedom, claimed a people’s care.
Question
Which of these figures of speech is shown in the poem?
Correct answer
hyperbole
metaphor
personification
simile
Hint
In lines 3 and 4 the moonlight, the bay (the “deep”), and the breeze act like human. What do you call this fig
ure of speech in which things are given human attributes?
Explanation
Personification is a figure of speech in which things are given human attributes. In lines 3 and 4 of the poem
the moonlight, the bay (the “deep”), and the breeze act like human.
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Q10
Single Answer
Passage
Moonlight on Manila Bay
By Fernando M. Maramag
A light, serene, ethereal glory, rests
Its beam effulgent on each cresting wave;
The silver touches of the moonlight lave
The deep’s bare bosom that the breeze molests;
While lingering whispers deepen as the wavy crests
Roll with weird rhythm, now gay, now gently grave;
And floods of lambent light appear the sea to pave—
All cast a spell that heeds not time’s behests.
Not always such the scene: the din of fight
Has swelled the murmur of the peaceful air;
Here East and West have oft displayed their might;
Dark battle clouds have dimmed this scene so fair;
Here, bold Olympia, one historic night,
Presaging freedom, claimed a people’s care.
Question
In this sonnet, the poet contrasts two images, one of which is a serene night. What is the other image?
Correct answer
defeat
disorder
victory
war
Hint
The contrasting image is depicted in the sestet or the last six lines of the sonnet.
Explanation
From line 9, the image of a war (“the din of fight”) emerges between two mighty forces (“East and West,” line
10). In history, this pertains to the battle between Spain and America on Manila Bay in 1898.

Philippine Literature in the Postwar and Contemporary Period
Q1
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is the first postwar Filipino novel written in English?
Correct answer
Without Seeing the Dawn by Stevan Javellana
The Return by Edith L. Tiempo
Waywaya by F. Sionil Jose
May Day Eve by Nick Joaquin
Explanation
Without Seeing the Dawn by Stevan Javellana is the first postwar Filipino novel written in English.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following years are not considered as part of the postwar and contemporary period?
Correct answer
1900-1930
1947-1960
1960-1975
1975-1990
Explanation
Years 1900 to 1930 are not considered as part of the postwar and contemporary period as these were the y
ears before World War II.
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Q3
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is a part of the issues in the postwar and contemporary period?
Correct answer
great poverty
great wealth
mass hysteria
widespread epidemics
Explanation
Among the issues experienced during the postwar and contemporary period is great poverty.
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Q4
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is not a significant historical event during the postwar and contemporary period?
Correct answer
the colonization of the Spaniards
declaration of martial law
the election of Fidel V. Ramos as president
establishment of the Republic of the Philippines
Explanation
The colonization of the Spaniards happened before and not after the Second World War.
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Q5
Single Answer
Question
Who among the following inspired Filipino writers during the postwar period?
Correct answer
American teachers
American dramatists
American poets
American leaders
Explanation
Filipino writers were inspired by American teachers during the postwar period, and they were able to learn th
eir techniques.
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Q6
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is not a topic or theme of works during the postwar and contemporary period?
Correct answer
the creation of the world
nationalism
superstitions
religious faith
Explanation
In the postwar and contemporary period, the creation of the world is no longer a topic of literary works. Inste
ad, writers focused more on human experiences and social issues.
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Q7
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following works is not similar to the other three?
Correct answer
"May Day Eve" by Nick Joaquin
"We Filipinos Are Mild Drinkers" by Alejandro Roces
"History and Philippine Culture" by Horacio de la Costa
"Waywaya" by F. Sionil Jose
Explanation
"History and Philippine Culture" by Horacio dela Costa is an essay while the rest are short stories.
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Q8
Multiple Choice
Question
Kate wants to learn more about postwar and contemporary literature, so she researched about the topic.
Which of the following would she have learned about it?
Correct answer
There are only very few postwar and contemporary literary works.
Only literary works in English were produced during the period.
Postwar and contemporary literature are timeless and have great artistic value.
These literary works captured Filipino life and human struggles.
Explanation
From studying postwar and contemporary literature, one would learn that these works are timeless and have
great artistic value and that they captured Filipino life and human struggles.
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Q9
Single Answer
Question
You were asked by your teacher to imagine that you were a writer in the postwar and contemporary period.
Which of the following would you not write about?
Correct answer
a piece encouraging Filipinos to fight against the Spaniards
what Filipinos experienced under the hands of the Japanese
your thoughts about the martial law
a story about life under the Philippine New Republic
Explanation
What you should write about are the events that happened during that period or are still relevant during that
period, and a piece encouraging Filipinos to fight against the Spaniards would not have been relevant or sig
nificant during that time.
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Q10
Single Answer
Question
Will's teacher asked the class to read a postwar and contemporary literary work that will enlighten them abo
ut the experiences of Filipinos during the war.
Which of the following should Will choose to read?
Correct answer
Without Seeing the Dawn by Stevan Javellana
Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez
The Return by Edith L. Tiempo
History and Philippine Culture by Horacio de la Costa
Explanation
Without Seeing the Dawn narrates what people experienced during World War II.
Life and Works of Jose Garcia Villa
Q1
Single Answer
Question
He was named as the National Artist for Literature in 1973.
Correct answer
Jose Garcia Villa
Carlos P. Romulo
N.V.M. Gonzalez
Francisco Arcellana
Explanation
Jose Garcia Villa was a Filipino literary critic, poet, painter, and short story writer. He was named as the Nati
onal Artist for Literature in 1973.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
Jose Garcia Villa pioneered on __________ where he places a comma after every word.
Correct answer
comma poems
period poems
punctuation poems
apostrophe poems
Explanation
Jose Garcia Villa pioneered on comma poems where he places a comma after every word.
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Q3
Single Answer
Question
It refers to a series of controversial poems which led to Jose Garcia Villa’s suspension from the University of
the Philippines.
Correct answer
Man Songs
Mir-i-nisa
Footnote to Youth
Winds of April
Explanation
Man Songs is a collection of controversial poems that was deemed too bold by the University of the Philippin
es, which led to Jose Garcia Villa’s suspension from the university.
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Q4
Single Answer
Question
"Must you marry, Dodong?"
In the story "Footnote to Youth," the given line was uttered by Dodong's father when Dodong asked for his p
ermission to get married. Which of the following emotions is expressed in the statement of Dodong’s father?
Correct answer
anxiety
support
excitement
hatred
Explanation
The line expresses anxiety, as Dodong's father is aware of the possible consequences of a teenage marriag
e.
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Q5
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is not true about Jose Garcia Villa?
Correct answer
He stuck to using common and traditional styles in his poems.
He gained international recognition for his works.
He was a recipient of the Guggenheim Fellowship.
He was a poet, painter, and short story writer.
Explanation
Jose Garcia Villa did not stick to using common and traditional styles in his poems. Instead, he created his o
wn style by using his own rhyme scheme and by excessively using commas in his poetry.
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Q6
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following should be done first in analyzing a literary work?
Correct answer
Gather information about the text and its author.
Summarize the text.
Write your own conclusion to it.
Write a review or critique of it.
Explanation
In analyzing a literary work, it is important to gather information about it and its author first.
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Q7
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following will help give information regarding the historical and/or social influences in a story?
Correct answer
studying the background of the author
analyzing the theme of the story
studying literary works similar to the story
analyzing the work of other writers in the same period
Explanation
Studying the background of the author would help in identifying the historical and/or social influences in a sto
ry.
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Q8
Multiple Choice
Question
Your teacher asked you to write a poem that is inspired by Jose Garcia Villa's style. Which of the following w
ould help make your poem similar to his?
Correct answer
excessive usage of commas
reversed consonance rhyme scheme
exaggerated statements
highfalutin words
Explanation
Jose Garcia Villa's poems made use of the reversed consonance rhyme scheme and had excessive comma
s, so applying these in your poems would help make your poem similar to his in terms of style.
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Q9
Single Answer
Question
From the information given about "Footnote to Youth," it can be inferred that local short stories are _.
Correct answer
a reflection of Philippine culture and traditions
a way to envision the future
a reflection of the changes in society
a means to observe the whole world
Explanation
Local short stories often give details regarding how life is in the province or the place where the story happe
ns. These stories therefore provide a reflection of Philippine culture and traditions.
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Q10
Single Answer
Question
Based on the story "Footnote to Youth," which of the following may be inferred about teenagers?
Correct answer
Teenagers are passionate about their desires.
Teenagers are hardworking.
Teenagers are disrespectful to their parents.
Teenagers are independent and diligent.
Explanation
From the way Dodong and Blas were insistent on wanting to get married at such a young age, it can be infer
red that teenagers are passionate about their desires.
Life and Works of Carlos P. Romulo
Q1
Single Answer
Question
He was the first Filipino journalist to be awarded with the Pulitzer Prize in Journalism.
Correct answer
Carlos P. Romulo
Jose Garcia Villa
Francisco Arcellana
Ferdinand Marcos
Explanation
Carlos P. Romulo was the first Filipino journalist to be awarded with the Pulitzer Prize in Journalism.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
It refers to a narration of Carlos P. Romulo's personal experiences as an aide-de-camp to General Douglas
MacArthur in Corregidor.
Correct answer
I Saw the Fall of the Philippines
Bataan Harvest
I See the Philippines Rise
The Return of the General
Explanation
I Saw the Fall of the Philippines narrates Carlos P. Romulo's personal experiences as an aide-de-camp to G
eneral Douglas MacArthur in Corregidor.
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Q3
Single Answer
Question
Carlos P. Romulo was conferred as National Artist for Literature in __________.
Correct answer
1982
1990
1985
1979
Explanation
Carlos P. Romulo was conferred as National Artist for Literature in 1982.
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Q4
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is not true about Carlos P. Romulo?
Correct answer
He served as the secretary of the United Nations General Assembly.
He grew up in Camiling, Tarlac.
He died on December 15, 1985.
He was an aide-de-camp to General Douglas MacArthur.
Explanation
Carlos P. Romulo served as the president of the United Nations General Assembly, not secretary.
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Q5
Single Answer
Question
The following are works written by Carlos P. Romulo except __________.
Correct answer
The Mats
Mother America: A Living Story of Democracy
I am a Filipino
Explanation
Francisco Arcellana wrote “The Mats,” not Carlos P. Romulo.
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Q6
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is written as a sequel to I Saw the Fall of the Philippines?
Correct answer
I am a Filipino
My Brother Americans
Explanation
Carlos P. Romulo wrote I See the Philippines Rise as a sequel to I Saw the Fall of the Philippines.
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Q7
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is true about Carlos P. Romulo’s works?
Correct answer
They talk about how the Philippines survived the wars during the American and the
Japanese occupations.
They talk about the love of Filipinos toward their oppressors.
They talk about how the Filipinos are grateful for being colonized by the Americans and the
Japanese.
They talk about how Filipinos look up to Spaniards and Americans.
Explanation
Most of Carlos P. Romulo’s works talk about how the Philippines survived the wars during the American and
the Japanese occupations.
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Q8
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is a valuable contribution of I am a Filipino to Philippine literature?
Correct answer
It helps readers understand what it means to be a Filipino.
It encourages readers to think of the Filipinos as superior to any other race.
It allows readers to believe in exaggerations about the Philippines.
It causes readers to lose pride and dignity in the Filipino race.
Explanation
Carlos P. Romulo's I am a Filipino helps readers understand what it means to be a Filipino.
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Q9
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following should you read if you would like to know more about Carlos P. Romulo's life?
Correct answer
I Walked with Heroes
I am a Filipino
I Saw the Fall of the Philippines
Explanation
I Walked with Heroes is an autobiography of Carlos P. Romulo.
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Q10
Single Answer
Question
Based on the essay I am a Filipino, Carlos P. Romulo implies that we should be _.
Correct answer
proud of our Filipino roots
thankful that we were colonized
ashamed of our ancestors
looking up to the Westerners
Explanation
Based on Carlos P. Romulo's essay I am a Filipino, he implies that we should be proud of our Filipino roots.
Life and Works of Francisco Arcellana
Q1
Single Answer
Question
Who among the following well-known Filipino writers is the first director of the University of the Philippines C
enter for Creative Writing?
Correct answer
Francisco Arcellana
Bienvenido Lumbera
Jose Garcia Villa
Carlos P. Romulo
Explanation
Francisco Arcellana is the first director of the University of the Philippines Center for Creative Writing.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is a short story written by Francisco Arcellana that depicts a character’s struggle in co
ping with the death of his children?
Correct answer
"The Mats"
"A Clown Remembers"
"Death in a Factory"
"The Man Who Would Be Poe"
Explanation
"The Mats" is a short story written by Francisco Arcellana that depicts a character’s struggle in coping with th
e death of his children.
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Q3
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following short stories written by Francisco Arcellana was adapted into a screenplay?
Correct answer
"Flowers of May"
"Lina"
"The Man Who Would Be Poe"
"Death in a Factory"
Explanation
One of Francisco Arcellana's short stories that were adapted into screenplays is "Flowers of May."
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Q4
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following best describes Francisco Arcellana as a writer?
Correct answer
innovative
traditional
resourceful
humorous
Explanation
Francisco Arcellana, known for experimenting with writing techniques and exploring new literary forms, was
an innovative writer.
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Q5
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following writing techniques was used by Francisco Arcellana in the story "The Mats"?
Correct answer
indirect characterization
stream of consciousness
foreshadowing
flashbacks
Explanation
Francisco Arcellana used indirect characterization through actions and dialogues to set the dramatic tone of
the story "The Mats."
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Q6
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is not true in the story "The Mats"?
Correct answer
Mr. Angeles disappoints his children by giving mats that they do not like.
The children sense the tension between their father and mother.
It pained and surprised Nana Emilia to see the three mats for their dead children.
Each of the mats is woven with the child's name as well as a symbol.
Explanation
Each of the children was very happy to receive a mat.
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Q7
Single Answer
Question
Below is a line that Mr. Angeles said in "The Mats."
"Is it fair to forget them? Would it be just to disregard them?"
From the given information in the lesson regarding the short story, which of the following do you think Mr. An
geles is talking about?
Correct answer
his children who passed away
his living children
street children
other family members
Explanation
From the information about the story, it can be inferred that Mr. Angeles is referring to his children who pass
ed away when he said the given lines.
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Q8
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is not symbolized by the unfolding of the mats at the end of the story?
Correct answer
commemoration of the death of the three children
sadness and courage in remembering the death of the three children
honoring the life lived by the three children who passed away
the resentment of Mr. Angeles toward his wife
Explanation
The unfolding of the three mats at the end of the story symbolizes the commemoration of Mr. Angeles of the
death of his three children and the sadness and courage he feels in remembering their death. It was also his
way of honoring the life they lived. The unfolding of the mats does not symbolize any resentment of Mr. Ang
eles toward his wife.
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Q9
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is not a theme in the story "The Mats"?
Correct answer
Coping with the death of a loved one is a struggle.
Honoring loved ones who passed away is important.
It is difficult to deal with the pain that comes with remembering dead loved ones.
One way of coping with the death of loved ones is buying things for them.
Explanation
One way of coping with the death of loved ones is buying things for them is not a theme or underlying messa
ge of the story.
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Q10
Single Answer
Question
Rica likes the writing style of Francisco Arcellana and was taking inspiration from his short stories while writi
ng a story of her own.
Which of the following would she most likely do?
Correct answer
She would use dialogues that reveal the personality of the characters.
She would make use of direct characterization to aptly describe the characters.
She would use flowery words to impress and widen the vocabulary of the reader.
She would limit the actions of the characters to make the story concise.
Explanation
Since Rica is taking inspiration from the works of Francisco Arcellana, it is likely that she would use dialogue
s to reveal the personality of the characters.
Life and Works of Nestor Vicente Madali (N.V.M.) Gonzalez
Q1
Single Answer
Question
He is an award-winning Filipino poet, essayist, fictionist, journalist, editor, and teacher of creative writing, an
d he was also the first president of the Philippine Writers’ Association.
Correct answer
N.V.M. Gonzalez
Amador T. Daguio
Nick Joaquin
Carlos P. Romulo
Explanation
N.V.M. Gonzalez is an award-winning Filipino poet, essayist, fictionist, journalist, editor, and teacher of creati
ve writing, and he was also the first president of the Philippine Writers’ Association.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is a collection of short stories that sketch the daily lives of the Filipino kaingeros in Mi
ndoro?
Correct answer
Seven Hills Away
The Bamboo Dancers
The Wireless Tower
The Winds of April
Explanation
Seven Hills Away is a collection of short stories that sketch the daily lives of the Filipino kaingeros in Mindor
o.
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Q3
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is a diasporic novel that features the challenges faced by Filipinos in America?
Correct answer
The Bamboo Dancers
Lupo and the River
The Tomato Game
The Winds of April
Explanation
The Bamboo Dancers is a diasporic novel that underscores the challenges of Filipinos in America.
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Q4
Correct Order
Question
Arrange the following in the order that they happened in the story "Children of the Ash-Covered Loam."
Correct answer
Tatay arrives with a pig to be taken care of by Tarang.
Tatay, Nanay, and their neighbors perform a ritual to drive away evil spirits from their
cultivated land.
Tia Orang massages Nanay’s abdomen.
Tarang gets up upon hearing the noise outside and accidentally strikes a tree stump with his
big toe.
Explanation
In the story Children of the Ash-Covered Loam, the events are arranged in the following order:
 Tatay arrives with a pig to be taken care of by Tarang.

 Tatay, Nanay, and their neighbors perform a ritual to drive away evil spirits from their cultivated lan
d.
 Tia Orang massages Nanay’s abdomen.
 Tarang gets up upon hearing the noise outside and accidentally strikes a tree stump with his big to
e.
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Q5
Single Answer
Question
"It is bound to come, it is bound to come!" Tia Orang said, kneeling on the mat, one hand pressing Nanay’s
abdomen. She beckoned to Tatay, "Be of help!"
Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the given lines?
Correct answer
Nanay is now ready to bear another child.
Nanay is suffering from a stomachache.
The family will be blessed by a rich harvest.
Tarang's pig will give birth to piglets.
Explanation
The given lines convey that Tia Orang tells Tatay that Nanay could now bear another baby.
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Q6
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is not presented in the story "Children of the Ash-Covered Loam"?
Correct answer
mañana habit
kaingin
hilot
offering animals to drive away evil spirits
Explanation
The mañana habit, or the habit of procrastinating and putting tasks off for later or for some other day, is not
presented in the story.
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Q7
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is the message of the story "Children of the Ash-Covered Loam"?
Correct answer
When a living thing dies, a new life emerges.
Faith healers are helpful and needed in communities.
The father, as the head of the family, is always right.
Death is a very tragic situation that is difficult to deal with.
Explanation
The theme or message of the story "Children of the Ash-Covered Loam" is that when a living thing dies, a ne
w life emerges. The kaingin practice and the killing of the pullet as a ritual are some forms of deaths that the
family believes will bring new life like a bountiful harvest and another child.
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Q8
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is not true about N.V.M. Gonzalez and his works?
Correct answer
He glorified Western culture in his literary works.
He is honored as one of the great Filipino writers who advanced Philippine literary traditions
and culture.
His work was heavily influenced by local practices and beliefs.
He had garnered several awards for his literary works.
Explanation
N.V.M. Gonzalez focused on Philippine culture and traditions in his literary works.
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Q9
Multiple Choice
Question
Which of the following terms show local color?
Correct answer
anak
kugon
oats
bacon
Explanation
The terms anak, which means offspring, and kugon, which means heath, show local color.
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Q10
Single Answer
Question
You were asked by your teacher to use local color as a technique in your writing.
Which of the following should you not use as a name for a character in the story?
Correct answer
Aunt Chelsea
Inay
Ate Neneng
Bunso
Explanation
The name Aunt Chelsea does not show local color, as aunts in the Philippines are usually referred to as Ti
a or Tita, and Chelsea is not an original/native Filipino name.
Life and Works of Edith L. Tiempo
Q1
Single Answer
Question
Who among the following writers was awarded as the National Artist for Literature in 1999?
Correct answer
Edith L. Tiempo
Gilda Cordero Fernando
Ninotchka Rosca
F. Sionil Jose
Explanation
Edith L. Tiempo was awarded as the National Artist for Literature in 1999.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following literary works by Edith L. Tiempo is set during World War II?
Correct answer
The Black Monkey
Lament for the Littlest Fellow
Bonsai
The Return
Explanation
The short story "The Black Monkey" is set during the time when guerrillas were fighting against the Japanes
e during World War II.
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Q3
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following literary works by Edith L. Tiempo depicts the problems of the Filipino miners of Nibuc
al in southern Philippines?
Correct answer
A Blade of Fern
The Return
The Black Monkey
Bonsai
Explanation
A Blade of Fern is a novel written by Edith L. Tiempo that depicts the problems of the Filipino miners of Nibu
cal in southern Philippines.
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Q4
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is not true about the subject of the poem "The Return" by Edith L. Tiempo?
Correct answer
The old man enjoys the company of his grandchildren.
The old man wants to visit his friends.
The old man is well-traveled.
The old man remembers his childhood.
Explanation
In the poem, there is no clue stating that the old man enjoys the company of his grandchildren.
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Q5
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following themes is presented in the poem "The Return" by Edith L. Tiempo?
Correct answer
Old people face physical and emotional challenges.
Man’s glory begins in old age.
An educated man lives a lonely life.
A man who spends lavishly dies with nothing.
Explanation
One of the themes of the poem "The Return" is that old people face physical and emotional challenges.
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Q6
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following did Edith L. Tiempo not write about?
Correct answer
dystopian societies
struggles of Filipinos
human experiences
emotions and memories
Explanation
Edith L. Tiempo did not write about dystopian societies. Instead, what she wrote about are significant human
experiences, the struggles of Filipinos, emotions, and memories.
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Q7
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following should you remember when analyzing a poem?
Correct answer
A poem's subject is different from its theme.
A poem is highly objective and has the same meaning for all its readers.
A poem's subject is its underlying idea or message.
A poem is always dramatic and symbolic.
Explanation
When you analyze a poem, you should keep in mind that a poem's subject is different from its theme. The su
bject of a poem is what the poem is about while the theme is the underlying idea or message of the poem.
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Q8
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following best explains the title of the poem "The Return"?
Correct answer
The title connotes the reminiscing of the old man about the past.
The title connotes the homecoming of a man to his hometown to meet his friends.
The title connotes the old man's paying forward of good deeds.
The title connotes cherishing an object with sentimental value.
Explanation
The title of the poem "The Return" connotes the reminiscing of the old man about the past. The word return r
efers to the looking back or returning of the old man to his past by remembering and thinking about his mem
ories.
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Q9
Multiple Choice
Question
Which of the following are Edith L. Tiempo’s greatest contributions to the development of Philippine literature
?
Correct answer
She founded the Silliman University National Writers Workshop, which produced great young
writers.
She demonstrated the fusion of style and substance in her literary works.
She encouraged young Filipino writers to imitate the poetry writing skills of Americans.
Her literary works depict situations that favor the elite Philippine society.
Explanation
Edith L. Tiempo demonstrated the fusion of style and substance in her literary works. She also founded the
Silliman University National Writers Workshop that inspires and helps young writers until today.
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Q10
Multiple Choice
Question
Which of the following could be concluded from the life and works of Edith L. Tiempo about the development
of Philippine literature?
Correct answer
Philippine literature reflects the deepest and most meaningful human experiences.
Filipinos, both men and women, excel in the field of literature.
Philippine literature in English developed more than Philippine literature in vernacular
languages.
Women in a patriarchal society are most often the subject of Filipino contemporary poets.
Explanation
Edith L. Tiempo’s life and works prove that Philippine literature reflects the deepest and most meaningful hu
man experiences. It also shows that not only men excel and contribute in this field but also women like Edith
L. Tiempo.
Life and Works of F. Sionil Jose
Q1
Single Answer
Question
He was conferred as National Artist for Literature in 2001.
Correct answer
F. Sionil Jose
Edith L. Tiempo
Francisco Arcellana
Nick Joaquin
Explanation
F. Sionil Jose was conferred as National Artist for Literature in 2001.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is a compilation of short stories about pre-Hispanic Philippine society?
Correct answer
Waywaya: Eleven Filipino Short Stories
The Molave and the Orchid and Other Children’s Stories
My Brother, My Executioner
The Pretenders
Explanation
Waywaya: Eleven Filipino Short Stories is a compilation of short stories about pre-Hispanic Philippine societ
y.
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Q3
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following talks about the friendship between an Ifugao and an American?
Correct answer
The Molave and the Orchid and Other Children’s Stories
The God Stealer
Tree
Mass
Explanation
"The God Stealer" is a story that talks about the friendship between Philip Latak, an Ifugao, and Sam Christi
e, an American.
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Q4
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is not true about F. Sionil Jose?
Correct answer
He founded La Solidaridad<\i>.
He was born in Rosales, Pangasinan.
He was conferred as National Artist for Literature in 2001.
He founded the Philippine PEN.
Explanation
F. Sionil Jose founded the publication Solidarity, not La Solidaridad.
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Q5
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following describes F. Sionil Jose as a Filipino writer?
Correct answer
Most of his works mainly focus on the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized.
Most of his works mainly focus on the pop culture.
Most of his works mainly focus on his experiences.
Most of his works mainly focus on the life in the regions.
Explanation
Most of F. Sionil Jose’s works are mainly focused on the relationship between the colonizer and the colony.
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Q6
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following holds true about F. Sionil Jose?
Correct answer
He explores the effects of colonization through his works.
His works are intriguing yet easy to understand.
He shows a deep understanding of the plight of those belonging to elite society.
He makes use of unconventional techniques in his literary works.
Explanation
F. Sionil Jose explores the effects of colonization through his works.
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Q7
Single Answer
Question
Through his works, F. Sionil Jose tries to _.
Correct answer
provide representations of the lives of common people
present the struggles of women in attaining gender equality
use mythical characters in his stories
portrays elements of magic in a rational world
Explanation
F. Sionil Jose tries to provide representations of the lives of common people.
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Q8
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following sets of words describe what kind of organization the Philippine PEN is?
Correct answer
poets, playwrights, and novelists
writers, directors, and painters
teachers, playwrights, and writers
poets, directors, and actors
Explanation
F. Sionil Jose founded the Philippine PEN. It is an organization of poets, playwrights, and novelists.
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Q9
Single Answer
Question
If Rosales Saga is set from the Spanish colonial period to the proclamation of Martial Law in the 1970s, Way
waya: Eleven Filipino Short Stories is _.
Correct answer
a compilation of short stories about pre-Hispanic Philippine society
society a compilation of short stories about pre-American Philippine society
a compilation of short stories about pre-Japanese Philippine society
a compilation of short stories about pre-21st century Philippine society
Explanation
Waywaya: Eleven Filipino Short Stories is a compilation of short stories about pre-Hispanic Philippine societ
y, whereas the Rosales Saga covers the Spanish colonial period until the proclamation of Martial Law in the
1970s.
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Q10
Single Answer
Question
Based on what you have learned about F. Sionil Jose and his works, which of the following would most likel
y not be a subject of his stories?
Correct answer
fantasy creatures
human experiences
struggles of Filipino masses
social injustice
Explanation
F. Sionil Jose mostly writes about the lives of common people and the effects of colonization, so it is unlikely
for him to write about fantasy creatures.
Life and Works of Virgilio S. Almario
Q1
Exact Value
Question
What is Virgilio Almario’s pen name?
Correct answer
Rio Alma
Explanation
Virgilio Almario is also known as Rio Alma, a rearrangement of the syllables of his surname.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
For which field was Virgilio Almario proclaimed as National Artist in 2003?
Correct answer
criticism
language
literature
poetry
Explanation
Virgilio Almario was proclaimed as National Artist for Literature in 2003. He is known for his works on poetry
and literary criticism in the Filipino language.
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Q3
Multiple Choice
Question
From 1998 to 2001, Virgilio Almario served as executive director of NCCA or National Commission for ____
____ and the _______. What do C and A stand for?
Correct answer
Culture
Arts
Criticism
Activities
Explanation
Virgilio Almario served as executive director of NCCA or National Commission for Culture and the Arts from
1998 to 2001.
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Q4
Categorise
Question
Group the works by Virgilio Almario according to their genre.
Correct answer
Poetry
Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo

Muli Sa Kandungan ng Lupa
Literary criticism
Balagtasismo Versus Modernismo

Taludtod at Talinghaga
Explanation
Almario’s Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo and Muli Sa Kandungan ng Lupa are collections of poetry published in 1
984 and 1994, respectively. On the other hand, his works Taludtod at Talinghaga and Balagtasismo Versus
Modernismo are critical studies on Filipino poetry, published in 1965 and 1984, respectively.
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Q5
Categorise
Question
Virgilio Almario founded two groups of writers and served two organizations as their chairman. What are tho
se groups and organizations?
Correct answer
Groups of writers
GAT
LIRA
Organizations
UMPIL
KWF
Explanation
Almario founded the Galian sa Arte at Tula (GAT) with the other poets Teo Antonio and Mike Bigornia in 197
0; and the Linangan sa Imahen, Retorika, at Anyo (LIRA) in 1985. From 1986 to 1992, he served as chairma
n of the Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas (UMPIL). In 2013, he became the chairman of the Komisyon
ng Wikang Filipino (KWF).
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Q6
Single Answer
Question
Complete the following analogy.
Makinasyon at Ilang Tula : Poetry : : _ : Literary criticism
Correct answer
Balagtasismo Versus Modernismo
Doktrinang Anakpawis
Ang Makata sa Panahon ng Makina
Taludtod at Talinghaga
Explanation
Almario’s poetry collection Makinasyon at Ilang Tula and his critical work Ang Makata sa Panahon ng Makin
a are both firsts. Makinasyon at Ilang Tula is his first collection of poetry, published in 1968, while Ang Makat
a sa Panahon ng Makina (1982) is considered as the first book of literary criticism in Filipino.
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Q7
Multiple Choice
Passage
High Zoociety
Ni Rio Alma
Masdan ang tagak sa likod ng kalabaw,

Parang birheng-birheng manang
Na di-madapuan ng langaw
Sa ibabaw ng karosa patungong simbahan;
At ang mga dekadenteng gansa sa gilid ng lawa,

Maluluma ang mga donyang nakahilata
Habang ibinibilad ang kuto at muta.
(Reproduced by permission of National Artist, Virgilio S. Almario)
Question
Which statements are true for the excerpt?
Correct answer
The poem has a regular meter.
The title is a play on the term "high society," which refers to the rich and powerful.
The second stanza uses "tugmang patinig," wherein the last words of the lines have the
same vowel wound.
The first stanza uses "tugmang katinig," wherein the last words of the lines end in a
consonant preceded by the same vowel sound.
Explanation
As shown in the excerpt, the poem has no regular meter. The lines in each stanza vary in the number of syll
ables.
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Q8
Exact Value
Passage
High Zoociety
Ni Rio Alma
Hayun ang mga maryakaprang paawit-awit,

Parang mga binibining umiikot ang puwit,
Sa bulwagang hitik sa masalapi’t makikisig;
At ang mga burukratang unggoy

Sa tuktok ng mala-palasyong kahoy,
Pulu-pulutong kung magpulong
Kung paanong mas lalapad ang papel at tumbong.

Question
Which animal is described through the use of simile?
Correct answer
Maryakapra, maryakapra
Explanation
Maryakapra is a bird. Also, it refers to a badly-dressed woman.
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Q9
Single Answer
Passage
High Zoociety
Ni Rio Alma
Naghahari’t matitikas na oso’t agila,

Nagkikikil lang ng kuko’t pangil tuwing umaga
Para isakmal sa karne’t isuob na barya
Kaya tumatambok ang tiyan at bulsa.
Samantala, matatalinong kuwago’y naghihilik,

Malalaki nga ang mata’y lagi namang pikit,
Marahil, bagong paraiso ang laman ng panaginip.
Di tulad ng buwayang laging abala

Sa paghanap ng kahit butiking mabiktima,
Bundat na’y lagi pa ring nakanganga.
Question
Which animal in this group is the odd one out?
Correct answer
agila (eagle)
butiki (lizard)
buwaya (crocodile)
oso (bear)
Explanation
The eagle, crocodile, and bear are presented as predators in the excerpt, while the lizard is prey for crocodil
e.
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Q10
Single Answer
Passage
High Zoociety
Ni Rio Alma
Pero higit na mag-ingat sa hunyango’t ahas

Na sa damuhan ay nagkalat;
Tuwing maghuhunos ng kulay at balat,
Pakay ay kay-hirap madalumat.
Question
Suppose the hunyango (chameleon) and the ahas (snake) are used as symbols by the poet. What kind of pe
ople do they suggest as shown in the stanza?
Correct answer
deadly
messy
secretive
unpredictable
Explanation
The last line of the stanza suggests that the hunyango and the ahas tend to act in secret, and their intention
s cannot be known because one keeps changing color, and the other shedding its skin.

Life and Works of Alejandro Roces
Q1
Single Answer
Question
He wrote the short story "We Filipinos Are Mild Drinkers."
Correct answer
F. Sionil Jose
Alejandro R. Roces
Bienvenido Lumbera
Virgilio S. Almario
Explanation
Alejandro R. Roces is the author of the short story, "We Filipinos Are Mild Drinkers."
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
It is a story which focuses on Kiko and how he earns a living through cockfighting.
Correct answer
Of Cocks and Kites
We Filipinos Are Mild Drinkers
Something to Crow About
Fiesta
Explanation
Something to Crow About is a zarzuela which focuses on Kiko and how he earns a living through cockfightin
g.
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Q3
Single Answer
Question
It refers to the literary device used by writers to amuse the audience.
Correct answer
irony
premonition
humor
litotes
Explanation
Humor is a literary device which aims to make the audience or readers laugh or be amused.
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Q4
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following statements is not true about the peculiar chicken?
Correct answer
It does not lay eggs.
The rooster from Texas falls in love with the chicken.
It has no wattles.
It crows.
Explanation
Kiko and his brother found the chicken peculiar because it had neither wattles nor comb. It was also notoriou
s enough to kill a rooster. In the end, Kiko’s brother was convinced that the chicken was a rooster, until it laid
an egg.
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Q5
Correct Order
Question
Arrange the following events in the story "My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken" in the correct order.
Correct answer
Kiko and his brother argued about whether the peculiar chicken is a hen or a rooster.
They asked their parents, the chieftain, and Mr. Eduardo Cruz about the sexuality of the
chicken, but to no avail.
Both of them agreed to have the chicken engage in a cockpit fight.
The peculiar chicken won the fight over a Texas rooster and laid an egg after.
Explanation
The correct order of events in the story "My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken" is as follows:
 Kiko and his brother argued about whether the peculiar chicken is a hen or a rooster.
 They asked their father, their parents, the chieftain, and Mr. Eduardo Cruz about the sexuality of th
e chicken, but to no avail.
 Both of them agreed to have the chicken engage in a cockpit fight.
 The peculiar chicken won the fight over a Texas rooster and laid an egg after.
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Q6
Single Answer
Question
Kiko and his brother asked the following people to identify whether the chicken is a hen or a rooster excep
t _.
Correct answer
Mr. Eduardo Cruz
the referee
the chieftain
father
Explanation
Kiko and his brother asked their parents, the chieftain, and Mr. Eduardo Cruz to identify whether the chicken
is a hen or a rooster.
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Q7
Single Answer
Question
Which of the following is not true about Alejandro R. Roces's education?
Correct answer
He earned his bachelor's degree in the University of Arizona.
He earned his master's degree in Ateneo de Manila University.
He earned his doctor's degree in the Tokyo University in Japan.
He earned his master's degree at the Far Eastern University.
Explanation
Alejandro R. Roces earned his master's degree at the Far Eastern University, not at the Ateneo de Manila U
niversity.
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Q8
Single Answer
Question
Identify which literary device is used in this statement:
"I didn't attend the funeral, but I sent a nice letter saying I approved of it." – Mark Twain
Correct answer
exaggeration
sarcasm
humor
surprise
Explanation
The statement is an example of sarcasm. It is a literary device used to mock a person, situation, etc.
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Q9
Single Answer
Question
After walking for hours, Mimi said, "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse!" This statement is an example of _.
Correct answer
simile
hyperbole
sarcasm
metaphor
Explanation
The statement "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse" is an example of hyperbole. It is a literary device used to
make an event appear better or worse than what it really is.
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Q10
Single Answer
Question
Calvin was late in class. When he arrived, the class was already taking the exam. He tried to recall if his tea
cher announced anything about an exam yesterday, but he was sure that there was none. What literary devi
ce is used in the situation?
Correct answer
surprise
sarcasm
hyperbole
allegory
Explanation
Surprise is the literary device used in the situation. It is commonly found in unlikely situation or an unexpecte
d turn of events.

Life and Works of Bienvenido S. Lumbera
Q1
Single Answer
Question
Where was Bienvenido Lumbera born?
Correct answer
Lipa, Batangas
Sampaloc, Manila
Diliman, Quezon City
Bloomington, Indiana
Explanation
Bienvenido Lumbera was born on April 11, 1932 in Lipa, Batangas.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
What literary form was Bienvenido Lumbera’s first published work?
Correct answer
critique
libretto
poem
short story
Explanation
Bienvenido Lumbera’s first published work is a poem entitled “Frigid Moon.”
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Q3
Single Answer
Question
Which of these works by Bienvenido Lumbera won a Palanca Award in 1975?
Correct answer
Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa
Sunog sa Lipa at Iba Pang Tula
Balaybay: Mga Tulang Lunot at Manibalang
Abot Tanaw: Sulyap at Suri sa Nagbabagong Kultura at Lipunan
Explanation
Bienvenido Lumbera won Special Prize from the Palanca Awards for his poetry collection Sunog sa Lipa at I
bang Tula in 1975.
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Q4
Single Answer
Passage
Friends to dark and filth,
they do not choose their meat.
Although they neither sow
nor reap, a daily feast
is laid for them in rooms
and kitchens of their pick.
(Reproduced by permission of National Artist,

Dr. Bienvenido S. Lumbera.)
Question
What figure of speech is “Friends to dark and filth”?
Correct answer
simile
metaphor
personification
hyperbole
Explanation
A metaphor is a direct comparison of two different things. In the excerpt, roaches are treated as “friends” to
dark and filth.
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Q5
Exact Value
Passage
Dying is brief and cheap
and thus cannot affright.
A whiff of toxic mist,
an agile heel, a stick
—the swift descent of pain
is also final death.

Question
The poet describes the dying of roaches. What literary technique is used?
Correct answer
imagery
Explanation
Imagery is a literary technique in which figurative language is used to appeal to the reader’s physical senses
.
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Q6
Single Answer
Passage
Blessed are the cockroaches.
In this country they are

the citizens who last.
They need no police
to promulgate their peace
because they tolerate
each other’s smell or greed.

Question
Which of the following statements can be supported by the passage?
Correct answer
Roaches smell terribly.
Roaches are greedy insects.
Roaches are divine creatures.
Roaches live peacefully with one another.
Explanation
The third to sixth lines of the second stanza suggest that roaches live in harmony. They do not need law enf
orcement to maintain peace and order.
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Q7
Single Answer
Passage
They settle where they wish
and have no rent to pay.
Eviction is a word
quite meaningless to them
who do not have to own
their dingy crack of wall.

Question
Who is being likely compared to the roaches in the passage?
Correct answer
the rich
the poor
the nation
the government
Explanation
Unlike roaches, the poor have rent to pay. They can be evicted if they are not able to do so.
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Q8
Single Answer
Passage
Not knowing dearth or taxes,
they increase and multiply.
Survival is assured
even the jobless roach;
his opportunities
pile up where garbage grows.

Question
In the stanza the poet likely juxtaposes roaches with a certain group of people in the society. Who are those
people?
Correct answer
the jobless
the survivors
the opportunists
the garbage collectors
Explanation
The fourth line contains a slightly obvious clue. Roaches can surely survive because the garbage continues t
o grow, while the jobless have slim chances of surviving.
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Q9
Single Answer
Passage
Their annals may be short,
but when the simple poor
have starved to simple death,
roaches still circulate
in cupboards of the rich,
the strong, the wise, the dead.

Question
What similarity do the rich, the strong, the wise, and the dead share?
Correct answer
They are all wealthy.
They are all in the upper class.
They are all survivors like roaches.
They are all outlasted by roaches.
Explanation
As suggested in the stanzas, the roaches outlast not only the simple poor but also the rich, strong, the wise,
and the dead. They will go on circulating in the cupboards of those people.
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Q10
Multiple Choice
Question
A eulogy is a speech praising someone who has died. What reasons do the speaker likely have for “praising
” the roaches?
Correct answer
Roaches are survivors.
Roaches lead noble lives.
Roaches are opportunistic.
Roaches can get along well with one another.
Explanation
The speaker of the poem praises the roaches for their positive qualities. Two of those qualities are their abilit
y to survive (as shown in the last two stanzas of the poem) and their ability to live in harmony (as shown in t
he second stanza of the poem).
Literary Texts of Different Regions and Genres, 21st Century Literature
from the Philippines and the World
Poetry
Q1
Single Answer
Question
What period of Philippine history did Amador T. Daguio write the poem “Man of Earth”?
Correct answer
American occupation
British occupation
Japanese occupation
Spanish occupation
Explanation
Amador T. Daguio wrote the poem “Man of Earth” in 1932. He wrote it during the American occupation (189
8–1940).
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
What poetry is written and read on a mobile phone?
Correct answer
rhyme
hypertext
lyric poetry
textula
Explanation
Textula, an emerging literary form at present, is poetry written and read on mobile.
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Q3
Exact Value
Question
What title has been given to Frank Rivera for popularizing textula?
Correct answer
Makata sa cell phone
Explanation
Frank Rivera is called the “makata sa cell phone” for his works of textula, poetry that is written and read on a
mobile phone.
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Q4
Single Answer
Question
Which of these statements is not true for Amador T. Daguio’s “Man of Earth”?
Correct answer
It is a lyric poem.
It has end rhymes.
It uses apostrophe.
It contains an illusion.
Explanation
Amador T. Daguio’s poem “Man of Earth” uses an allusion and not an illusion. It alludes to a Philippine creati
on myth that tells that the first man and woman came from a bamboo.
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Q5
Single Answer
Passage
Man of Earth
By Amador T. Daguio
Pliant is the bamboo;
I am man of earth.
They say that from the bamboo
We had our first birth.
Am I of the body,
Or of the green leaf?
Do I have to whisper
My every sin and grief?
If the wind passes by,

Must I stoop, and try
To measure fully
My flexibility?
I might have been the bamboo,

But I will be a man.
Bend me then, O Lord,
Bend me if you can.
Question
All pairs of words form end rhymes except one. Which pair of words is it?
Correct answer
earth – birth
leaf – grief
try – fully
man – can
Explanation
The word try rhymes with by in the third stanza, while the word fully rhymes with flexibility.
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Q6
Single Answer
Passage
A Textula (An Excerpt)
By Frank Rivera
Merong himala, hindi totoong wala

Ituro ma’y mali, alam nati’y tama
Kahit walang sagot itong panalangin
Hindi tumitigil ang ating paghiling.
Walang nagturo na tayo’y makibaka

Ngunit sulirani’y ating binabata
Kahit may pangakong laging napapako
Sa anumang init, handa ring mapaso.
(Reproduced by permission of Frank Rivera)
Question
All pairs of words form “tugmang patinig” except one. Which pair of words is it?
Correct answer
wala – tama
napapako – mapaso
makibaka – binabata
panalangin – paghiling
Explanation
The words panalangin at paghiling have different ending consonant sounds.
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Q7
Single Answer
Passage
Textula (An Excerpt)
By Frank Rivera
Sa ating puso’y may awit ng _

Kahit titik nito’y hindi _
Ang katotohana’y lalaging totoo
Basta maniwalang mayroong milagro.
Question
Which pair of words in the right order completes the first and second lines?
Correct answer
pag-asa, makabisa
makabisa, pag-asa
pag-asa, makabisado
makabisado, pag-asa
Explanation
Each line in the stanza has twelve syllables. The word pag-asa completes the twelve syllables in the first line
, while the word makabisa completes the syllables in the second line.
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Q8
Exact Value
Passage
Man of Earth (An Excerpt)
By Amador T. Daguio

Bend me if you can.
Question
What figure of speech is used in the last two lines of the stanza?
Correct answer
apostrophe
Explanation
With the use of apostrophe, the speaker addresses a spiritual being he calls “Lord” who is not present in the
poem.
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Q9
Single Answer
Question
The stanza from Rivera’s textula has a regular rhythm. What makes its rhythm regular?
Correct answer
The end rhymes make the rhythm regular.
The length of lines makes the rhythm regular.
The number of lines makes the rhythm regular.
The number of syllables in each line makes the rhythm regular.
Explanation
Each line in the stanza has twelve syllables. This uniform number of syllables makes a regular rhythm.
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Q10
Multiple Choice
Passage
Man of Earth (An Excerpt)
By Amador T. Daguio

Bend me if you can.
A Textula (An Excerpt)

By Frank Rivera
Sa ating puso’y may awit ng pag-asa

Kahit titik nito’y hindi makabisa
Ang katotohana’y lalaging totoo
Basta maniwalang mayroong milagro.
Question
What Filipino traits do the stanzas suggest?
Correct answer
fatalism
optimism
pessimism
resilience
Explanation
In Amador T. Daguio’s “Man of Earth” the speaker represents the Filipino who might be flexible like the bam
boo but is still a person who can be bent by God. On the other hand, Frank Rivera’s textula highlights the op
timism of Filipinos, people full of hope and who believe in miracles.
Fiction
Q1
Single Answer
Question
What literary devices are used on purpose by a writer in his work to convey its meaning?
Correct answer
literary characters
literary elements
literary meaning
literary techniques
Explanation
Unlike literary elements which are devices inherent in a literary work, literary techniques are deliberately use
d by a writer to convey the meaning of his or her work.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
What kind of narrative is "The Mats" by Francisco Arcellana?
Correct answer
drama
fiction
nonfiction
poetry
Explanation
"The Mats" by Francisco Arcellana is a short story.
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Q3
Exact Value
Question
Jaime, his wife Emilia, and all of their children, living and dead, had their sleeping mats. How many mats did
the mat weaver make for them?
Correct answer
Ten , 10
Explanation
Jaime asked a mat weaver to make mats for him, his wife Emilia, their five living children, and their three de
ad ones.
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Q4
Multiple Choice
Question
Which literary devices are inherent in a short story?
Correct answer
characters
conflict
dialogue
setting
Explanation
The elements of a short story, namely, characters, setting, conflict, plot, and theme, are inherent. On the oth
er hand, dialogue is a literary technique. It is used on purpose by the short story writer to convey the meanin
g of the work.
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Q5
Multiple Choice
Question
Two of the given names are of the dead Angeles children. Which ones are those?
Correct answer
Concepcion
Victoria
Jose
Marcelina
Explanation
Concepcion and Victoria were two of the dead Angeles children for whom the other mats were made.
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Q6
Correct Order
Question
Arrange the following names according to the order that the person received the mat.
Correct answer
Emilia
Marcelina
Jose
Antonia
Explanation
Mr. Angeles handed the first mat to his wife Emilia, the third mat to Marcelina (the second mat is his), the fou
rth mat to Jose, and the next mat to Antonia.
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Q7
Single Answer
Question
Which word completes the following analogy?
Emilia : cadena de amor : : Marcelina : ______
Correct answer
lyre
organ
piano
xylophone
Explanation
Emilia’s mat had her name on it as well as cadena de amor, while her daughter’s mat had her name on it as
well as a lyre.
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Q8
Single Answer
Question
Which one of these statements is true for the characters Jaime and Emilia of the short story?
The literary meaning of a work is conveyed through the literary devices which the writer puts together in a ra
ndom_ arrangement.
Correct answer
beautiful
general
purposeful
satisfying
Explanation
The short story writer puts elements and techniques together on purpose. He or she chooses a specific arra
ngement of devices to convey the literary meaning of the work.
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Q9
Single Answer
Question
Which one of these statements is true for the characters Jaime and Emilia of the short story "The Mats"?
Correct answer
They are siblings in the story.
They are the parents in the story.
They are the narrators of the story.
They are the other living Angeles children.
Explanation
Jaime and Emilia are the parents of both the living and the dead children in the story.
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Q10
Single Answer
Question
Which one of these statements is not true for the characters Jaime and Emilia of the short story "The Mats"?
Correct answer
They suffered from the death of their children.
They struggled to cope with the death of their children.
They had the same sleeping mat made by the mat weaver.
They shared the same sleeping mat on their wedding night.
Explanation
Jaime and Emilia had each of their own sleeping mat made by the mat weaver. Jaime’s mat had his name o
n it, while Emilia’s had her name on it.
Drama
Q1
Single Answer
Question
Which is not an element of a drama?
Correct answer
characters
events
plot
stage direction
Explanation
Events are part of the plot, an element of a drama.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
Which refers to the conversation between the characters in a drama?
Correct answer
dialogue
scenes
stage direction
talks
Explanation
Dialogue refers to the conversation between the characters in a drama.
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Q3
Single Answer
Question
What do you call the statements that tell the actors how they should look, move, and speak in a drama?
Correct answer
stage actions
stage directions
stage instructions
stage music
Hint
Explanation
Stage directions are statements that tell the actors how they should look, move, and speak in a drama.
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Q4
Categorise
Question
Which of these works were written by Severino Montano, and which ones were written by Wilfrido Ma. Guerr
ero?
Correct answer
Severino Montano
The Ladies and the Senator

The Love of Leonor Rivera
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero
The Three Rats

Wanted: A Chaperone
Explanation
The Ladies and the Senator and The Love of Leonor Rivera are two of Severino Montano’s major dramas. O
n the other hand, The Three Rats and Wanted: A Chaperone are two of Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero’s popular wor
ks.
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Q5
Single Answer
Question
Which of these statements is not true for a one-act play?
Correct answer
It has only one part.
It has few characters.
It tells a condensed story.
It tells a part of a bigger story.
Explanation
Though a one-act play tells a condensed story, this story is fully developed.
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Q6
Exact Value
Question
This drama by Alberto Florentino won first prize in the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature in 195
4. What is the title of the drama?
Correct answer
The World Is an Apple
Explanation
"The World Is an Apple" by Alberto Florentino won first prize in the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Lite
rature in 1954 and was published in the Sunday Times Magazine that same year.
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Q7
Exact Value
Question
There are only three characters in Alberto Florentino’s "The World Is an Apple." Two of those are the couple
Mario and Gloria. Who is the third character?
Correct answer
Pablo
Explanation
Pablo is Mario’s friend. Tita, though her name is mentioned in the play, is not a character in the story.
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Q8
Single Answer
Question
At the beginning of the story, Mario lied to his wife Gloria when he told her why he did not have any money t
o give her. What is his ultimate reason for lying?
Correct answer
He does not want Gloria to know that he does not have a job anymore.
He does not want Gloria to know that he lost his job because of an apple.
He does not want Gloria to know that he failed as a father and husband.
He does not want Gloria to know that he has decided to go back to stealing again.
Explanation
Ultimately, Mario does not want Gloria to know that he is going to steal again. Their poverty has forced his h
and.
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Q9
Single Answer
Question
Why is Gloria not happy to see Pablo?
Correct answer
Because Pablo is a bad influence to Mario.
Because Pablo is a self-righteous person.
Because Pablo has come to take away Mario from her.
Because Pablo has no money to lend her for her sick child’s treatment.
Hint
Explanation
Gloria is convinced that Pablo has come to lead Mario back to his old ways. She thinks then that he is a bad
influence to Mario.
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Q10
Single Answer
Question
Which statement tells the theme of Alberto Florentino’s "The World Is an Apple"?
Correct answer
Friendship is stronger than marriage.
Poverty can make people do things for survival.
People do not change; only their circumstances do.
The world is an expensive apple that not everyone can afford.
Explanation
Alberto Florentino’s "The World Is an Apple" mainly tells a story about a man whose hand is forced because
of poverty. He is ready to do what is necessary for his loved ones even though it is bad.
Creative Nonfiction
1
Single Answer
Question
Which of these statements is not true about creative nonfiction?
Correct answer
It tells a real story.
It tells a realistic story.
It is a major genre of literature.
It uses a literary style of writing.
Explanation
A work of creative nonfiction tells a real story rather than a realistic one.
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Q2
Single Answer
Question
Supposed a woman writes about her own life from her birth up to the present. What do you call her work?
Correct answer
autobiography
biography
diary
memoir
Explanation
An autobiography is a written account of the life of a person written by the subject himself or herself.
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Q3
Exact Value
Question
What kind of creative nonfiction is “I Am a Filipino” by Carlos P. Romulo?
Correct answer
Essay
Explanation
Carlos P. Romulo’s “I Am a Filipino” is an essay. It deals with the subject of Filipino identity.
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Q4
Categorise
Question
Place each work in its correct period.
Correct answer
The American Occupation
"Literature and Society"

The Japanese Occupation
Horizons from My Nipa Hut

20th Century
Memory’s Fictions: A Personal History

21st Century
The King of Nothing To Do

Explanation
“Literature and Society” by Salvador Lopez was published in 1940 (during the American occupation). Horizo
ns from My Nipa Hut by Francisco B. Icasiano was published in 1941 (during the Japanese occupation). Me
mory’s Fictions: A Personal History by Bienvenido Santos was published in 1993 (during the 20th century). T
he King of Nothing to Do by Luis Katigbak was published in 2006 (during the early 21st century).
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Q5
Multiple Choice
Question
Which works are about travel?
Correct answer
Adventures in a Forgotten Country
Earth, Fire & Air
Breaking the Silence
Living With the Enemy: A Diary of the Japanese Occupation
Explanation
Adventures in a Forgotten Country is a collection of travel writings by Kerima Polotan, while Earth, Fire & Ai
r is a collection of travel writings by Sylvia Mayuga. Breaking the Silence and Living With the Enemy are bot
h memoirs.
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Q6
Single Answer
Question
In the essay “Literature and Society,” Salvador P. Lopez says of the writer, “He is no longer a florist, scissors
in hand gathering lovely blossoms; he has become a tiller of the soil, spade in hand, digging into the roots o
f things and planting seeds.”
What kind of figure of speech does Lopez use to describe the writer?
Correct answer
hyperbole
metaphor
personification
simile
Explanation
Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a direct comparison is made between two different things. In his ess
ay “Literature and Society,” Salvador P. Lopez makes a direct comparison between the writer and the florist
as well as the writer and a tiller of the soil.
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Q7
Single Answer
Question
In the essay “Where Is the Patis,” Carmen Guerroro Nakpil asserts that travel has become the great Filipino
dream. To elaborate on her statement, she says, “In the same way that an American dreams of becoming a
millionaire or an English boy dreams of going to one of the great universities, the Filipino dreams of going ab
road.”
How does she elaborate on her assertion?
Correct answer
by comparison
by contrast
by example
by telling a story
Explanation
In the essay “Where Is the Patis,” Carmen Guerrero Nakpil elaborates on her assertion by comparison. She
compares the Filipino dream of traveling with the American dream of becoming a millionaire and the dream
of an English boy to go to a great university.
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Q8
Single Answer
Question
In one of Nick Joaquin’s essays, he makes the following assertions about Filipinos: “Society for the Filipino i
s a small rowboat: the barangay . . . Enterprise for the Filipino is a small stall: the sari-sari . . . And commerc
e for the Filipino is the smallest degree of retail: the tingi.”
What do his assertions say about the Filipinos in general?

Correct answer
Filipinos feel small.
Filipinos are fond of small things.
Filipinos are small-minded people.
Filipinos have a small social circle.
Explanation
Nick Joaquin’s assertions do not belittle Filipinos. Instead, he emphasizes the fondness of Filipinos for small
things, and it is cultural.
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Q9
Single Answer
Question
In the essay “I Am a Filipino,” Carlos P. Romulo ends with this statement: “I am a Filipino born to freedom, a
nd I shall not rest until freedom shall have been added unto my inheritance—for myself and my children and
my children’s children—forever.”
What is the tone of his statement?
Correct answer
doubtful
histrionic
patriotic
shameful
Explanation
The patriotic tone is very evident in the last statement of Carlos P. Romulo’s essay “I Am a Filipino.” It is a pl
edge to win freedom for himself and for the generations to come.
Report errors
Q10
Single Answer
Question
In the collection Stressed in the City, April Timbol Yap tells about her experience on the road while driving. O
nce she turned her attention to a sign that said “Basura Mo, Alagaan Mo.” She took it literally, saying, “Of co
urse the MMDA wasn’t very specific about how one exactly should go about doing this. It might help if they p
ublished manuals that contained instructions on the care of trash—like should it be watered or fed or taken f
or walks like the city?”
What does the comment reveal about the writer?
Correct answer
She is a critical person.
She is a keen observer.
She is mindful of the environment.
She is supportive of law enforcers.
Explanation
At first, it seems that the writer pokes fun at the vagueness of the sign by taking it literally. However, she tak
es her comment further by making an absurd suggestion. By doing so suggests that she is critical of the sign
and what it really means or what its purpose really is.
Popular Fiction
Q1
Single Answer
Question
What is the main purpose of writing popular fiction?
Correct answer
to scare readers
to appeal to wide audiences
to reach out to young women
to answer the question “what if”
Explanation
Popular fiction is intended for the masses or large audience.
Report errors
Q2
Single Answer
Question
Which of these is not a feature of typical work in popular fiction?
Correct answer
stock characters
a plot-driven story
a character-driven story
everyday spoken language
Explanation
A typical work of popular fiction has a story driven by its plot rather than its character to keep its readers eng
aged.
Report errors
Q3
Exact Value
Question
What is the other name of popular fiction?
Correct answer
genre fiction
Explanation
Popular fiction is also called genre fiction.
Report errors
Q4
Multiple Choice
Question
Which fiction genres are called “speculative fiction”?
Correct answer
chick lit
horror
fantasy
sci-fi
Explanation
Horror, fantasy, and sci-fi are called “speculative fiction” because stories in those genres are usually written
with the question “what if” in mind.
Report errors
Q5
Exact Value
Question
An Introduction to the Luminiscent : Science fiction : : The Haunting at Concha Cruz Drive : _
Correct answer
ghost story, ghost stories
Explanation
“An Introduction to the Luminescent” by Pocholo Goitia is a work of science fiction, while “The Haunting at C
oncha Cruz Drive” by Joel P. Salud is a ghost story.
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Q6
Multiple Choice
Question
An Introduction to the Luminescent : ___________ : : Getting Better : ___________
Correct answer
ghost story
short story
novel
novella
Explanation
“An Introduction to the Luminescent” by Pocholo Goitia is a short story; on the other hand, Getting Better by
Tara Sering is a novella.
Report errors
Q7
Exact Value
Question
Is the following statement true?
Ghost stories are a specific kind of stories in the fantasy_ genre.
Type “true” if the statement is indeed true. Otherwise, type the correct word that replaces the underlined wor
d to make the statement true.
Correct answer
horror, horror fiction
Explanation
Ghost stories are a specific kind of stories in the horror genre. Like any story in the horror fiction genre, a gh
ost story is meant to scare its reader.
Report errors
Q8
Single Answer
Question
All statements support that “An Introduction to the Luminescent” by Pocholo Goitia is a work of science fictio
n except one. Which is it?
Correct answer
The story is set in the year 2105.
The story took place a long time ago.
The story takes place in a mall described as an “ultrasaur.”
The story features a character that is biogenetically engineered people that live in the mall.
Explanation
“An Introduction to the Luminescent” by Pocholo Goitia takes place in the future.
Report errors
Q9
Categorise
Question
Match each element to its story.
Correct answer
An Introduction to the Luminescent
clone warriors
gravity disruptors
Getting Better
second person point of view
The Haunting at Concha Cruz Drive
accident
Explanation
“An Introduction to the Luminescent” by Pocholo Goitia features clone warriors with gravity disruptors. Gettin
g Better by Tara Sering is told in second person point of view. “The Haunting at Concha Cruz Drive” by Joel
Salud features a place that is haunted by a young couple who met an accident during a drag race.
Report errors
Q10
Exact Value
Question
Suppose a novel is about a young woman named Juliet who moves out of her parents’ house and moves int
o a new apartment owned by Romeo, with whom she feels an unexpected emotional connection. What genr
e of popular fiction is the novel likely?
Correct answer
chick literature, chick lit
Explanation
The novel described has the basic conventions of chick literature.
New and Emerging Literary Forms in the 21st Century
Q1
Single Answer
Question
Which of these is not a literary genre?
Correct answer
fiction
graphic novel
motif
nonfiction
Explanation
Motif is a literary technique.
Report errors
Q2
Single Answer
Question
Which literary work is an example of metafiction?
Correct answer
Ilustrado
Fast Food Fiction
Philippine Speculative Fiction
Waking the Dead
Explanation
Ilustrado (2010) by Miguel Syjuco is an example of metafiction. It features a character named Miguel Syjuco
(the same as the writer) who decided to write his mentor’s biography.
Report errors
Q3
Single Answer
Question
Brevity is the main characteristic of this genre of fiction. What genre is it?
Correct answer
flash fiction
magic realism
metafiction
slipstream
Explanation
Flash fiction is known for its extreme brevity. It is only a few hundred words long.
Report errors
Q4
Exact Value
Question
Suppose a short story has elements of both magic and reality. What genre would you classify it?
Correct answer
Magic realism
Explanation
Magic realism is a fiction genre in which magical elements are blended with reality.
Report errors
Q5
Multiple Choice
Question
Which literary forms or genres use pictures or images to tell their story?
Correct answer
fantasy
doodle fiction
graphic novel
magic realism
Explanation
The graphic novel presents a narrative in comic book format, while a work of doodle fiction contains doodles
and handwritten graphics.
Report errors
Q6
Multiple Choice
Question
Which statements are true for the genre of slipstream?
Correct answer
Slipstream is similar with metafiction.
Slipstream is similar with speculative fiction.
Slipstream features elements of magic realism.
Slipstream features elements of fantasy and science fiction as well as serious fiction.
Explanation
Slipstream features elements of fantasy, science fiction, and serious fiction. For many, works of slipstream a
re difficult to categorize because of their similarities with speculative fiction.
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Q7
Multiple Choice
Question
Which of the following statements are true for these writers: Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Jorge Luis Borges, an
d Isabel Allende?
Correct answer
They are all American.
They are all Latin American.
They are writers of magic realism.
They are writers of speculative fiction.
Explanation
Magic realism is characteristic of the stories by Latin American writers like Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Jorge Lu
is Borges, and Isabel Allende.
Report errors
Q8
Single Answer
Question
In her 124-word story “What Is to Come,” Lilledeshan Bose tells the story of a woman whose husband, a con
gressman, has another woman.
Which genre is the most appropriate classification for it?
Correct answer
fiction
flash fiction
poetry
short story
Explanation
Flash fiction is known for its extreme brevity. A typical work of flash fiction is only a few hundred words long.
Report errors
Q9
Single Answer
Question
Anne Lagamayo’s “Hopscotch” is a story about a group of children who are dressed in suits, and they breath
e oxygen in them. One day, the children saw an object coming out of the ground. One of the boys wanted to
keep it, but the other did not. So, to settle the matter, the boys played hospscotch, and whoever won would
have the object to himself.
The story was published in Philippine Speculative Fiction IV (2009), and the editors of the collection say that
Lagamayo’s short story is a work of slipstream.
Which of the statements tells the reason why Lagamayo’s story is a work of slipstream?
Correct answer
Lagamayo’s short story tells a very brief story.
Lagamayo’s short story is about another story.
Lagamayo’s short story tells a very strange story.
Lagamayo’s short story tells a realistic story with some magical events.
Explanation
Slipstream is also called the “fiction of strangeness.” Anne Lagamayo’s “Hopscotch” is set in a very strange
place where the characters are in an oxygen suit.
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Q10
Single Answer
Question
The story of Rosario Cruz Lucero’s “The Death of Fray Salvador Montano” begins with the plague of locusts.
During this time, men and women came to Fray Montano to confess that they and their wives or husbands
were making love like locusts for the past week.
Based on the information, what makes the story a work of magic realism?
Correct answer
The locusts are acting strange.
The unusual lovemaking is treated as normal.
The plague of locusts is of biblical proportions.
The confession of the people of their sins is treated as unnatural.
Explanation
Magic realism is a fiction genre in which magical elements are blended with reality. In Rosario Cruz Lucero’s
“The Death of Fray Salvador Montano,” the unusual lovemaking is treated as normal rather than extraordina
ry.
Literary Works by Writers from Luzon
Q1
Single Answer
Question
What is referred to as the background of the text including biographical, linguistic, and sociocultural factors s
urrounding it?
Correct answer
atmosphere
context
setting
theme
Explanation
The context of a literary work includes the author’s life, language, society, and culture that may have influenc
ed it.
Report errors
Q2
Single Answer
Question
What do the works of Mikael de Lara Co and Catherine Batac Walder have in common?
Correct answer
an eerie atmosphere
superstitious beliefs
Filipino cultural elements
highly urbanized areas as setting
Explanation
Co used kundiman and Walder used kambubulag legends, both of which are distinctly Filipino in origin.
Report errors
Q3
Single Answer
Question
How did Mikael de Lara Co use diction in “Kundiman”?
Correct answer
He used words that evoked Filipino sentimentality.
He used slang that situates the poem in the Luzon region.
He used allusions to old and forgotten Philippine folk tales.
He used culture to create a sophisticated tone for the poems.
Explanation
Co used Tagalog words that contribute to the sentimental mood of the poem.
Report errors
Q4
Single Answer
Question
In “The Kambubulag,” how does using the kambubulag symbol help in establishing the context of the story?
Correct answer
It allows readers to imagine themselves as a blind person.
It situates the story within the superstitious Tagalog culture.
It produces vivid imagery about killer moths native to Luzon.
It shows that the story will have a supernatural twist later on.
Explanation
The kambubulag is a cultural symbol that exists in the Tagalog culture. Passing on superstitions within a co
mmunity is a part of this culture.
Report errors
Q5
Single Answer
Question
A kundiman is a song of longing. Which of the following lines from “Kundiman” hints at what the persona is l
onging for?
Correct answer
coming together to vibrate / in the saddest of frequencies
I said hold in my own language / again and again, hawak, kapit
Your keys dangled by the sink. / Somewhere a chord is diminished
tahan na, uwi na. Then strained / to hear all the engines in this city
Explanation
The keys that dangled by the sink suggest that someone close to the persona has left with no intention of ret
urning.
Report errors
Q6
Single Answer
Question
In the poem “Kundiman,” what is the significance of choosing the Tagalog term kundiman over an equivalent
English term like “serenade” or “ballad”?
Correct answer
The term is a cultural symbol.
The term is in the title for consistency.
The term makes a great pun at the end.
The term is an allusion to folk musicians.
Explanation
The English words “serenade” and “ballad” do not carry similar emotional and patriotic meanings the way ku
ndiman does within a Filipino context.
Report errors
Q7
Single Answer
Passage
Kundiman (An Excerpt)
By Mikael de Lara Co
When scientists pressed their ears

against the universe, they found it
whistling a single note in A minor.
I learned the word for hold
in another language. I left
the door open and wiped
the dust off the table. I drank.
Ships pointed cannons at each other
for the right to name a sea.
(Reproduced by permission of Mikael de Lara Co)
Question
What figure of speech is used in the last two lines of the excerpt?
Correct answer
allusion
irony
metaphor
personification
Hint
This is an indirect reference to a significant person, place, thing, or idea in history, culture, literature, politics,
or in any field.
Explanation
The last two lines of the excerpt allude to the naming of the South China Sea as the West Philippine Sea.
Report errors
Q8
Single Answer
Passage
The Kambubulag (An Excerpt)
By Catherine Batac Walder
Delia was tempted to pull over, after she saw the mangoes on the fruit stand by the side of the road. Having
worked abroad a few years ago, Delia always longed for Philippine mangoes and bought some any chance
she got. “The closest I came to buying real Philippine mangoes were those sun-dried ones, packed in their c
ountry of destination,” she used to say. While abroad she had a regular supply of dried mangoes, as if conjur
ing the Philippine sun through them.
(Reproduced by permission of Catherine Batac Walder)
Question
In what way does this passage highlight the sociocultural context of the text?
Correct answer
It is a common Filipino superstition to avoid stopping by the side of a road.
Living abroad and missing things from back home are a common Filipino experience.
The location of the country is close to the equator, an area that receives a lot of sunlight.
The Philippines is known around the world for its tropical fruits that are hard to find
elsewhere.
Explanation
Going abroad in search of opportunities in exchange for the comforts of home is an experience that many Fil
ipinos all over the world share.
Report errors
Q9
Single Answer
Passage
The Kambubulag (An Excerpt)
By Catherine Batac Walder
The kambubulag is notoriously associated with a road north of the Philippine capital, home of a stream of ve
hicular accidents since the previous decade, such that both names have become interchangeable in recent t
imes: kambubulag or Kambubulag Road. [. . .] Four roads intersect at that point. [. . .] This intersection is not
orious for heavy traffic. The residents claim that there is something − perhaps a ghost − at the crossroads th
at keeps people from seeing other oncoming vehicles.
(Reproduced by permission of Catherine Batac Walder)
Question
What characteristic of Filipino folk tales is demonstrated in the text?
Correct answer
The length of folk tales is usually short, so they can be easily passed on by word of mouth.
The element of the supernatural is used to explain why natural and supernatural phenomena
occur.
The use of modern elements like technology hints at advanced pre-colonial societies.
The custom of giving a riddle or bugtong in the story makes it more engaging to the
audience.
Explanation
It is possible that there is a logical explanation as to why so many accidents happen on the Kambubulag roa
d − it is, after all, a busy intersection. However, it is typically Filipino to look for supernatural explanations the
way our ancestors used to explain phenomena through their beliefs.
Report errors
Q10
Single Answer
Passage
Kundiman (An Excerpt)
By Mikael de Lara Co
I ate alone. I grew old. I grew older.

I said hold in my own language
again and again, hawak, kapit,
tahan na, uwi na. Then strained
to hear all the engines in this city
droning in A minor. A knife
scraped against marble. A stick
rattled towards stillness. A minor.
All the lullabies ever hummed
coming together to vibrate
in the saddest of frequencies.
Your keys dangled by the sink.
Somewhere a chord is diminished
to static. Kundiman means
the opposite of if ever.
(Reproduced by permission of Mikael de Lara Co)
Question
Why does the persona hear all the sounds of the world in A minor?
Correct answer
The persona is in a perpetual dream state, so he hears all the noises in the world as if he
were sleeping.
The persona is in a violent state of mind and any sound of A minor serves only to aggravate
him further.
The persona is in a state of melancholy and regards both harsh noises and beautiful music
as equally sad.
The persona is in a romantic state and plays the kundiman in his head all the time,
overpowering other sounds.
Explanation
For the persona, the sounds in the world including harsh noises (“all the engines in this city”) and beautiful m
usic (“all the lullabies ever hummed”) are all sad as he simply hears them in A minor (“coming together to vib
rate / in the saddest of frequencies”). He is unable to appreciate anything in his world − even pleasant thing
s − because he is consumed by the sorrow of his longing.
Literary Works by Writers from Visayas and Mindanao
Q1
Single Answer
Question
Which is not part of the context of a literary work?
Correct answer
the theme
the author’s life
the regional culture
the languages spoken by the author
Explanation
The theme is found within a text and not in the context surrounding it.
Report errors
Q2
Multiple Choice
Question
Merlie Alunan : ____________ : : Gutierrez Mangansakan II : ____________
Correct answer
Cebu
Iloilo
Leyte
Maguindanao
Explanation
Merlie Alunan was born in Dingle, Iloilo, while Gutierrez Mangansakan II was born in Pagalungan, Maguinda
nao.
Report errors
Q3
Exact Value
Question
Old Women in Our Village : poem : : A Harvest of Sorrows : __________
Correct answer
short story
Explanation
Merlie Alunan’s “Old Women in Our Village” is a poem, while Gutierrez Mangansakan II’s “A Harvest of Sorr
ows” is a short story.
Report errors
Q4
Single Answer
Question
What is the dominant literary device in the lines below?
Old women in my village say

the sea is always hungry, they say,
Correct answer
hyperbole
oxymoron
personification
synecdoche
Explanation
Personification is attributing human traits to inanimate objects or phenomena. In the poem, the sea is depict
ed as “hungry” like a person to describe a sense of foreboding.
Report errors
Q5
Single Answer
Question
According to Gutierrez Mangansakan II, what element is consistent in both his films and writing?
Correct answer
the refugees from war
the value of human life
the destruction of the sea
the government’s inadequacy
Explanation
As shown in the short story “A Harvest of Sorrows,” the issue and images of the refugees from war are consi
stent in both films and writing of Gutierrez Mangansakan II.
Report errors
Q6
Single Answer
Passage
Old Women in Our Village (An Excerpt)
By Merlie M. Alunan

that’s why it comes without fail
to lick the edges of the barrier sand,
rolling through rafts of mangrove,
smashing its salt-steeped flood
on guardian cliffs, breaking itself
against rock faces, landlocks, hills,
reaching through to fields, forests,
grazelands, villages by the water,
country lanes, towns, cities where
people walk about in a dream,
deaf to the wind shushing
the sea’s sibilant sighing
somedaywecome
somedaywe come
someday . . . .
Question
Why does the persona list land features like mangroves, hills, forests, and cities?
Correct answer
to produce length in the poem that will suggest the passing of time
to show that tidal waves and floods can destroy everything on land
to make the poem relatable to anyone from rural areas to city centers
to create an image of a coastal town that is developed and highly urbanized
Explanation
Lines 4 to 11 suggest that there is nowhere on land where one can escape the wrath of the sea.
Report errors
Q7
Single Answer
Question
What is the setting of “A Harvest of Sorrows” by Gutierrez Mangansakan II?
Correct answer
The story takes place one morning in an evacuation center in a remote village in Mindanao.
The story takes place one morning in the rice fields in a remote village in Mindanao.
The story takes place one afternoon in the backyard of a house of one of the refugees from
war.
The story takes place one afternoon in the backyard of an evacuation center in a remote
village in Mindanao.
Explanation
Gutierrez Mangansakan II’s “A Harvest of Sorrows” begins with the narrator’s arrival at an evacuation center
at 9 AM in a remote village in Mindanao.
Report errors
Q8
Single Answer
Passage
By Merlie M. Alunan

somedaywecome
somedaywe come
someday . . . .
Question
Which of these statements is likely true about the old women in the poem?
Correct answer
Old women have experienced how destructive the sea can be in real life.
Old women are believable storytellers, so they tell a lot of terrifying, real stories about the
sea.
Old women have a strong connection to the calm sea because it provides them with much
needed relief.
Old women are afraid of the sea because they are too weak to save themselves when the
disaster finally comes.
Explanation
In contrast with the people in the cities who “walk about in a dream” (lines 11 and 12), old women in the spe
aker’s village have seen the destruction of land brought about by the sea (lines 5 to 11).
Report errors
Q9
Single Answer
Question
Why has the narrator of the short story “A Harvest of Sorrows” come to the evacuation center?
Correct answer
to comfort the refugees
to give away sacks of rice
to offer his services to his friend
to guard the evacuation center from the rebels
Explanation
“A Harvest of Sorrows” features a narrator whose experience mirrors Mangansakan’s experience in relief wo
rk. The narrator has come to the evacuation center to give away several sacks of rice to the refugees.
Report errors
Q10
Single Answer
Passage
By Merlie M. Alunan

somedaywecome
somedaywe come
someday . . . .
Question
Which of these statements does not give a possible explanation of how the last three lines of the excerpt ar
e written?
Correct answer
The lines mimic the rhythm of rolling tidal waves.
The lines make the stanza look like flowing sea waves.
The lines do not follow spelling and grammar conventions to aggravate the reader.
The lines give emphasis on particular words, which heightens the sense of foreboding.
Explanation
The form helps enhance the sounds and visuals, as well as the meanings that the poet wants to elicit from th
e reader. It was deliberate to enrich the reader’s experience of the poem.

Electronic Literature
Q1
Single Answer
Question
Complete this analogy:
traditional literature : paper : : electronic literature : ________
Correct answer
computer
web
e-book
tablet
Explanation
Works of traditional literature are often printed on paper. On the other hand, works of electronic literature are
commonly published and shared on the Web.
Report errors
Q2
Exact Value
Question
The textula is meant to be shared through this medium. What is this medium?
Correct answer
SMS, text message
Hint
This is short for short message service.
Explanation
Textula, like the ones by the playwright Frank Rivera, is composed on a cell phone and sent as a text messa
ge.
Report errors
Q3
Single Answer
Question
All of these kinds of electronic literature are of the same genre except one. Which one is it?
Correct answer
hyperfiction
hyperpoetry
photo poem
textula
Explanation
Hyperfiction is of fiction genre, while hyperpoetry, photo poem, and textula are of the genre of poetry.
Report errors
Q4
Multiple Choice
Question
Which statements tell something true about the photo poem and the silent comics?
Correct answer
Both forms contain words.
Both forms are poetic in nature.
Both forms use pictures to convey meaning.
Both forms can be published through multimedia.
Hint
Explanation
Both a photo poem and silent comics have pictures, which convey meaning. Also, both forms, just like the ot
her kinds of electronic literature, can be published through multimedia.
Report errors
Q5
Categorise
Question
Match the lines from Frank Rivera’s textula.
Correct answer
Bayang mahilig sa ganda
Inuuna ang postura

Si MEGAN YOUNG nang manalo
Nagbunyi ang Pilipino

Nagkagyera sa Mindanao
Kaban ng bayan ninakaw

Explanation
The lines have “tugmang karaniwan.” The words that rhyme are “ganda” and “postura”; “manalo” and “Pilipin
o”; and “Mindanao” and “ninakaw.”
Report errors
Q6
Multiple Choice
Question
Which metal signs in alchemy are hyperlinks that appear on Vlad Gonzales’s “hyper kuwento”?
Correct answer
copper
iron
lead
steel
Explanation
The signs of copper, iron, and lead, along with tin, gold, and silver are hyperlinks on Vlad Gonzales’s “hyper
kuwento.”
Report errors
Q7
Categorise
Question
Match the hyperlinks to the parts of the story “Mga Tala ng Buhay ni Edward Elric, Dating State Alchemist, bi
lang State University Instructor I” by Vlad Gonzales.
Correct answer
Tin
Ang Kabilang Panig ng Lagusan

Gold
Ang Transmutation Circle

Lead
Ang Mga Matandang Alchemist

Copper
Ang Philosopher’s Stone

Explanation
Each hyperlink leads the readers to a part of the story. The access to the first four parts of the story is throug
h the hyperlinks of tin, gold, lead, and copper.
Report errors
Q8
Single Answer
Question
Which statement is not true for Edward Elric as a character in “Mga Tala ng Buhay ni Edward Elric, Dating S
tate Alchemist, bilang State University Instructor 1” by Vlad Gonzales?
Correct answer
He is married.
He has a child.
He is a state alchemist.
He is a state professor.
Explanation
Edward Elric is a state alchemist in the manga series Fullmetal Alchemist. On the other hand, he is a state p
rofessor in Vlad Gonzales’s story, and he is married and has a child.
Report errors
Q9
Single Answer
Passage
A Textula (2013)
by Frank G. Rivera

Inuuna ang postura
Walang laman ang bituka
Kundi gasgas na pag-asa.
Si MEGAN YOUNG nang manalo

Nagbunyi ang Pilipino
May dala sanang asenso
Magkakapag-asa tayo.
Nagkagyera sa Mindanao
Kaban ng bayan ninakaw
Sa Bagyo’y daming pumanaw
MISS WORLD, salamat sa araw.
Question
What is likely the purpose of the writer in writing MEGAN YOUNG and MISS WORLD in capital letters?
Correct answer
To emphasize that Megan Young is Miss World.
To emphasize that Megan Young’s victory is a beacon of hope.
To emphasize that Megan Young’s victory is more important than any news.
To emphasize that Megan Young’s victory in Miss World is flashy but irrelevant.
Explanation
MEGAN YOUNG and MISS WORLD written in capital letters heighten the relevance and timeliness of the be
auty queen’s victory in the midst of the problems that the country was facing at that time.
Report errors
Q10
Single Answer
Passage
A Textula (2013)
by Frank G. Rivera

Inuuna ang postura
Walang laman ang bituka
Kundi gasgas na pag-asa.
Question
How does the persona regard his fellow countrymen?
Correct answer
He thinks very highly of his country.
He thinks his fellow countrymen are very poor.
He thinks his fellow countrymen have poor sense of priority.
He thinks his country is a land full of beautiful people.
Explanation
The stanza is a social commentary on the current mindset of Filipinos. The tone is strongly suggestive of the
persona’s disappointment over his fellow countrymen’s poor sense of priority.

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21st Century Literature in Various Regions, 21st Century Literature from

the Philippines and the World

Juan Gathers Guavas

People are made from reeds.

21st Century Literature in Various Regions, 21st Century Literature from

Jose Rizal : Noli Me Tangere : : Pedro Paterno : _

Jose de la Cruz : _________ : :

Sa Ona pang nanhuhula

Ang vica,y, matatalian

Ang manga hula pa,t, ysip

Aling pagibig pa ang hihigit kaya

Ulitulitin mang basahin ng isip

Banal na pagibig! pagikaw ang nukal

Pagpupuring lubos ang palaging gawad

Walang mahalagang hindi inihandog

“So they want—”

“Reforms? In what sense?”

21st Century Literature in Various Regions, 21st Century Literature from

A light, serene, ethereal glory, rests

21st Century Literature in Various Regions, 21st Century Literature from

Which of the following would she have learned about it?

Which of the following would you not write about?

Which of the following should Will choose to read?

"Is it fair to forget them? Would it be just to disregard them?"

Which of the following would she most likely do?

 Tatay arrives with a pig to be taken care of by Tarang.

Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the given lines?

Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo

Balagtasismo Versus Modernismo

Makinasyon at Ilang Tula : Poetry : : _ : Literary criticism

Masdan ang tagak sa likod ng kalabaw,

At ang mga dekadenteng gansa sa gilid ng lawa,

(Reproduced by permission of National Artist, Virgilio S. Almario)

Hayun ang mga maryakaprang paawit-awit,

At ang mga burukratang unggoy

(Reproduced by permission of National Artist, Virgilio S. Almario)

Naghahari’t matitikas na oso’t agila,

Samantala, matatalinong kuwago’y naghihilik,

Di tulad ng buwayang laging abala

(Reproduced by permission of National Artist, Virgilio S. Almario)

Pero higit na mag-ingat sa hunyango’t ahas

21st Century Literature in Various Regions, 21st Century Literature from

21st Century Literature in Various Regions, 21st Century Literature from

(Reproduced by permission of National Artist,

(Reproduced by permission of National Artist,

In this country they are

(Reproduced by permission of National Artist,

(Reproduced by permission of National Artist,

(Reproduced by permission of National Artist,

the strong, the wise, the dead.

(Reproduced by permission of National Artist,

If the wind passes by,

I might have been the bamboo,

Merong himala, hindi totoong wala

Walang nagturo na tayo’y makibaka

(Reproduced by permission of Frank Rivera)

Sa ating puso’y may awit ng _

(Reproduced by permission of Frank Rivera)

I might have been the bamboo,

I might have been the bamboo,

A Textula (An Excerpt)

Sa ating puso’y may awit ng pag-asa

(Reproduced by permission of Frank Rivera)

An Introduction to the Luminescent : _ : : Getting Better : _

Merlie Alunan : : : Gutierrez Mangansakan II :