midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Pushover Analysis of RC structure

as per EC8:2004

DL SD NC

Program Version Gen 2010

Program License Registered, Trial
Revision Date 2010.07.14

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Overview Pushover Analysis Procedure

The pushover analysis procedure is as follows:

Pushover analysis is one of the performance-based design
methods, recently attracting practicing structural engineers
engaged in the field of seismic design. The objective of a  Modeling & Design
performance-based design is achieved after the user and the - Details of Building
designer collectively select a target performance for the - Perform analysis
structure in question. The engineer carries out the conventional - Check assigned rebar data
design and subsequently performs a pushover (elasto-plastic)
analysis to evaluate if the selected performance objective has  Pushover Analysis
been met. - Pushover Global Control
- Pushover Load Cases
In midas Gen, pushover analysis as per EN1998:2004 is
- Define Hinge Properties
provided. This tutorial explains the method and procedure for
- Assign Hinge Properties
pushover analysis of 2-dimensional RC structural as per
- Perform Pushover Analysis
EN1998:2004. For this reason, the procedure for modeling and
- Pushover Curve
analysis were not explained in detail. For the users who are not
- Pushover Hinge Status Results
familiar with the basic functions for modeling and analysis, it is
- Safety Verification Table
recommended to review “Application 1” tutorial before
following this tutorial.

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Details of the example structure

G1 LB1 G1

C1 C1

15@3,000 = 45,000
unit : mm

1200
9000 4000 4000 9000

27200

Figure 1. Two-dimensional building model Figure 2. Cross section

 Column section  Beam section

Designation Story Section Number Column Dimension

Designation Section Number Section Dimension
12~15F 104 600 x 600
8~11F 103 700 x 700 G1 21 350 x 650
C1
4~7F 102 800 x 800
1~3F 101 900 x 900 LBl 31 200 x 400

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

 Applied Design Code

•Eurocode

 Materials (Eurocode4:2004)
•Column: C30/37
•Beam: C25/30
•Wall: C30/37

 Applied Loads

Gravity loads Unit Load Cases

•unit: kN/m2
•Use : Residential
Load Name Details

Static Wind Loads

•Applied code: Eurocode1:2005 1 DL Dead Load
•Terrain Category : II
• Fundamental Basic Wind Velocity (Vb,o) : 26m/s Static 2 LL Live Load
Load
Cases Wind Load
Static Seismic Loads 3 WX
(X-direction in the global coordinates)
•Applied code: Eurocode8:2004
Wind Load
•Ground Type: B 4 XY
(Y-direction in the global coordinates)
•Design Ground Acceleration: 0.08g
•Behavior Factor (q): 1.5
•Lower Bound Factor (b): 0.2
•Importance Factor (I) : 1

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 1. Open the model file and perform analysis

1. Open “Pushover_2D RC structure.mgb” Pushover analysis is carried out in the post-processing mode
2. Click icon to perform analysis. after completing elastic analysis.

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

1 4
Step 2: Check assigned rebar data

2 5
1. Design > Concrete Design Parameter > Modify Beam
Rebar Data
2. Check on the section ID 21.
3. Check rebar data for Beam.
4. Design > Concrete Design Parameter > Modify Column
Rebar Data
5. Check on the section ID 101.
6. Check rebar data for column.

In order to calculate the yield

strength for each member in
pushover analysis, rebar must be
assigned.

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 3: Check Concrete Design Code

1. Design > Concrete Design Parameter > Design Code Design Code specified in the Concrete Design Code dialog is
2. Specify the code as „Eurocode2:04‟. applied to calculate the capacity of members in pushover
3. Check [OK] button.
analysis.

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 4: Pushover Global Control

1. Design > Pushover analysis > Pushover Global Control

2. Select DL in the combo box and click [Add] button.
3. Select LL in the combo box and enter the Scale Factor as 0.4.
4. Click [Add] button.
5. Click [OK] button.

2 3

2 4

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 4: Pushover Global Control

„Reference Design code (Eurocode 8:2004)‟ option is displayed when
the design code (in the main menu, Design > Concrete Design
Parameter or Steel Design Parameter > Design code) is specified as
Eurocode and Design code in preferences (in the main menu, Tools >
Preferences…) is specified as Eurocode.

Tools -> Preferences… -> Select Design in the General

Scale Factor for Ultimate Rotation

1) Wall : In calculating the total chord rotation capacity at ultimate , θu, for wall , the value is
divided by 1.6 as per EN1998-3:2004 A.3.1.1.
2) Cold-worked brittle steel : If cold-worked brittle steel is used the total chord rotation capacity is
divided by 1.6 as per EN1998-3:2004 A.3.1.1.
3) Without Detailing for earthquake resistance : In members without detailing for earthquake
resistance the total chord rotation capacity is multiplied by 0.85 as per EN1998-3:2004 .
4) Smooth longitudinal bars : in members with smooth (plain) longitudinal bars without lapping in
the vicinity of the end region where yielding is expected, the total chord rotation capacity may be
multiplied by 0.575 as per EN1998-3:2004.

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 4: Pushover Global Control

Secondary Seismic Elements

In order to calculate the total chord rotation capacity at ultimate, θu, the factor „γel’ is used. Since γel is differently applied for primary and
secondary seismic element (γel = 1.5 for primary seismic elements, γel = 1.0 for secondary seismic elements As per EN1998-3:2004
A.3.1.1), the user can define Secondary Seismic Elements group. If Secondary Seismic Elements are not defined, all the elements are
considered as Primary Seismic Elements.

In this tutorial, Secondary Seismic Elements are not defined since pushover hinge properties are assigned to primary elements only.

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 4: Pushover Load Case

2
1. Design > Pushover analysis > Pushover Load Cases
2. Click [Add] button.
3. Enter the pushover load case name as „PL‟.
4. Enter the Increment Steps as „20‟.
5. Check on „Use Initial Load‟ option.
6. Check on „Consider P-Delta Effect‟ option.
7. Select „Displacement Control‟ in the Increment Method.
8. Select „Mater Node‟ option.
9. Click the entry field and click the node no. 93 with the 3
mouse in the model view.
10. Enter the Max. Displacement as 0.12m. 4
5
11. Uncheck the Limit Inter-Story Deformation Angle in the 6
Analysis Stopping Condition
7
12. Specify the Load Case as „EX‟ in the combo box and
click [Add] button.
9
13. Click [OK] button.
8

10

11

12
12

13

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 5: Define Pushover Hinge Properties – Moment Hinge 2

1. Design > Pushover analysis > Define Pushover Hinge Properties

2. Click [Add] button.
3. Enter the pushover hinge properties name as „Beam‟.
4. Check on „Fz‟ & „My‟ component.
5. Click [Apply] button.

3
In order to check or modify the hinge properties, click [Properties…]
button of the desired component.

4 

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 6: Define Pushover Hinge Properties – PMM (Axial-Moment interaction) Hinge for Column

1. Enter the pushover hinge properties name as „Column‟. Coupled axial force-biaxial moment behavior is reflected by
2. Select „P-M-M in Status Determination‟ option for Interaction
calculating the flexural yield strength of a hinge considering the
Type.
3. Check on „Fz‟ & „My‟ component. effect of axial force.
4. Click [Apply] button.


4

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 7: Define Pushover Hinge Properties – PMM (Axial-Moment interaction) Hinge for Wall

1. Enter the pushover hinge properties name as „Wall‟.

2. Select the Element Type as „Wall(CRB)‟.
3. Select the Interaction Type as „P-M-M in Status Determination‟.
4. Check on „Fz‟ & „My‟ component.
5. Click [Apply] button.
6. Click [Close] button.

3
6

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004
Pushover Hinge Properties
Yield strength of RC structures
M={As2*fsc*(d-d2)}+M’
Where, As2= area of compression steel
M’=K’bd2fck
Flexural
fsc=700(xu-d2)/xu ≤ fyd
Hinge
d2=effective depth to compression steel
xu=(δ-0.4)d
fyd=design yield strength of reinforcement

Shear strength of reinforcement, VRd,S is the smaller value of:

Eurocode2:2004, Equation(6.8) and (6.9)

Shear strength of concrete, VRd,C is given by:

Shear
Hinge
Eurocode2:2004, Equation(6.2a) and (6.2b)

Therefore, Shear strength, VRd is

FY = max (VRd,s ; VRd,c)

Where, αcw=1.0 fcd=αcc fck/γC

αcc =1.0 γC=1.0

RC structures (Eurocode8-3:2004, Annex A.3.1)

DY
Flexural Eurocode8-3:2004, Equation(A.10b)
Hinge
DU
Eurocode8-3:2004, Equation(A.1)

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 8: Assign Pushover Hinge Properties for Beams

1. Select Girder members (Section ID 21:G1) from the Tree Menu.

2. Design > Pushover analysis > Assign Pushover Hinge Properties
3. Select Hinge Properties Type as „Beam‟ in the combo box.
4. Click [Apply] button.
5. Click [Close] button.

1 Right-click

4 5

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 9: Assign Pushover Hinge Properties for Columns

1. Select column members from the Tree Menu.

Pushover hinge properties can be simply assigned to the
2. Drag and drop the „Column’ hinge property from the Tree Menu to
the Model Window . selected elements by Drag & Drop.

1 Right-click

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 10: Assign Pushover Hinge Properties for Walls

1. Select column members from the Tree Menu.

Pushover hinge properties can be simply assigned to the
2. Drag and drop the „Wall‟ hinge property from the Tree Menu to the
Model Window . selected elements by Drag & Drop.

1 Right-click

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 11: Perform pushover analysis

1. Click „Task Pane‟.

2. Click „▼‟ icon and select „Analysis‟. Task Pane displays work procedure for
3. Click „Perform Pushover Analysis’. advanced analysis functions and
description on input items so as to enable
the user to work more easily.
2
midas program provides 4 types of
advanced analysis features - Pushover
Analysis, Nonlinear Time History

3 Analysis, Time History Analysis and

Material Nonlinear Analysis.

In addition, Task Pane data can be

saved in html format in the User Folder,
so that the user can directly write or add
the required input items for analysis.

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 12: Pushover Curve

1. Click „Pushover Curve‟ in the Task Pane.

2. Select „For Target Displacement
(EC2/Masonry)‟.
3. Enter the Ref. Peak Ground Acc. (Ag) as „0.15‟.
4. Click [Draw] button.

3
1

For the detailed formula of the Target Displacement, refer to „ANNEX B DETERMINATION OF THE
TARGET DISPLACEMENT FOR NONLINEAR STATIC (PUSHOVER) ANALYSIS, EN 1998-1:2004‟. The
target displacement, which is obtained from the above, corresponds to the seismic demand of the Limit State of
Significant Damage (SD). Target displacement of the Limit State of Near Collapse (NC) is taken equal to that
of SD multiplied by 1.5. Target displacement of the Limit State of Damage Limitation (DL) is taken equal to
that of SD divided by 2.5.

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 13: Hinge Status Results

1. Click „Hinge Status Results‟ in the Task Pane. 5

Clicking and scrolling
2. Select „Status of Yielding (EC8:2004)‟.
3. Select the Components as „Ry‟.
4. Check on „Legend‟ and „Deform‟.
5. Specify the desire step in the combo box. Clicking on the graph

The user can also check hinge status results for

each step by clicking on the step box and scroll
or clicking on the pushover graph which is
displayed in the black background.
2

1
4

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 13: Safety Verification Table

1. Click „Safety Verification Table‟ in the Task Pane.

2. Select „Show All Elements’.
3. Click [OK] button.
4. Select „Significant Damage (SD)‟.
5. Check on „My‟ and „Fz‟.
6. Click [OK] button.

2
3

4
Safety Verification Table displays the comparison results between the demand and
capacities of the elements as per EN1998-3:2004 Table 4.3. Safety verification shall be
conducted of both ductile and brittle elements respectively. For ductile elements,
verification will be conducted in terms of deformation using mean values of properties
5
divided by CF. For brittle elements, verification shall be conducted in terms of strength
using mean values of properties divided by CF and by partial factor.
6

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midas Gen tutorials Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Capacity of RC structures for assessment in the Safety Verification Table (Eurocode8-3:2004, Annex A.3.1)

*For ductile elements, mean values of properties divided by CF are used.

For brittle members, mean values of properties divided by CF and by partial factor.

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