2.

3 Saturation of reservoir fluid

1 Definition of saturation

2 Applications of saturation

3 Determination of saturation
 1. Definition of saturation 定义

Saturation is expressed as the fraction, or percent,

of the total p
pore volume occupied
p by
y the oil,, ggas,,
or water.

1) Oil saturation. Water saturation .Gas saturation

Vo Vw Vg
So = Sw = Sg =
VP VP VP
Vo + Vg + Vw = Vp

So + S q + S w = 1
 2) Connate or initial water saturation Swi
Before development of reservoir ,the percent of the
total pore volume occupied by the quantity of connate
water in the rock .

Connate water is the seawater trapped in porous

spaces of the sediments during their deposition and
lithificafion, long before the oil migrated into the
reservoir rock.
rock
3) initial oil saturation Soi

The ratio of oil volume contained in a rock

at original reservoir condition to the pore
volume of that rock.

Soi = 1- Swi
4) irreducible oil saturation Sor

Irreducible oil is the ratio of oil volume

th t is
that i residual
id l iin rock
k after
ft a kind
ki d off recover

method is used to the pore volume of rock.

2.Apllications of saturation

calculating
l l i reservoir
i oil
il content

N=AhФSoi/Boi

where: A = surface area of the reservoir,

h = thickness of the formation,
φ = porosity, fraction.
Soi= initial
i iti l oil
il saturation,
t ti fraction.
f ti
Boi =oil formation volume factor
 EXAMPLE 1
A volumetric
l i oil
il reservoir
i has
h the
h following
f ll i
characteristics:
surface area of the reservoir A =14.4km2,
thickness of the formation h
h=10m
10m, porosity=0
porosity 0.2,
2
connate water saturation swi=0.3,
oil formation volume factor =1.2,
specific gravity of oil =0.86
Calculate initial oil in place (reservoir oil content ).
 SOLUTION

N=AhФSoi/Boi =AhФ(1-Siw) /Boi

 EXAMPLE 2
A water flooding oil reservoir has the following
characteristics:
h i i connate water saturation
i swi=0.3,
i 03
saturation pressurePb=18MPa(megapascal),Initial
18MPa(megapascal),Initial
formation pressurePi=23MPa,
If the reservoir use water injection to produce ,
Calculate oil recovery at water saturation of 0.54,
after water flooding.
 采出油量 原始储油量− 剩余油量
采收率 = =
原始储油量 原始储油量

Oil recoveryy = produced

p oil volume
original oil volume

Oil recovery = original oil volume- residual oil volume

original
g oil volume
3D t
3.Determination
i ti off saturation
t ti

1) Determining saturation
sat ration by
b Well logging 测井法

2) St
Statistical
ti ti l formula
f l method
th d 统计公式法

3) Core
C sample
l analysis
l i method
th d 岩样分析法

A . Di
Distillation
till ti method
th d 蒸馏法

B Retort method 干馏法

B.

C. Capillary-pressure
p yp method 毛管压力法
 Distillation method

1-solvene flask 溶剂瓶

2-funnel with porous diaphragm多孔
隔板漏斗
3-reflux condenser 回流冷凝器
4-glass trap 玻璃捕集器
5-electric hot plate 电加热炉
—5

Solvent extraction-type water-determination

apparatus
 Principle of distillation method

Principle ：The core saturated with reservoir fluid

i weighed
is i h d and
d placed
l d to a funnel
f l with
i h porous
diaphragm; The liquid solvent in flask is heated and
the water present in the core is vaporized, carried
into the reflux condenser ,and caught in the glass
t
trap. Th
The volume
l off water
t collected
ll t d is
i read
d .After
Aft
extracted ,,the core is dried and weighed.
g
 Principle of distillation method

Principle ：
V0 W1 − W2 − VW ρW
S0 = =
VP ρ0VP

W2
VP = φV f = φ
νf
νf :岩石的视密度
VW visual density
SW =
VP
Retort method

Principle: The core saturated with

reservoir fluid is heated and the

water and oil present in the core

i vaporized,
is i d carried
i d into
i the
h reflux
fl

condenser ,and
and caught in the glass

measure.
Ct=Cf + Φ(SoCo+SwCw+SgCg)