2G&3G ZTE Training Resume

RAN EMS Maintenance
Management
Objective
 Describe what can task management do.

 Describe what can system monitoring do.
 Describe what can system backup and
restoration do.
 Handle the operation of maintenance
management.
Contents
 Contents of Maintenance
 Task Management
 System Backup and Restoration
 System Monitoring
Contents of Maintenance
System Monitoring
Viewing and monitoring the
Task Management performance of the server, including
 Backup and deletion of history the information and usage of memory,
data CPU and hard disk.
 Backup of configuration data Viewing and monitoring the resources
 Backup of version and database of the database, such as database
 Background alarm task usage, table spaces, data tables and
 Clearing of backup directories processes.
System Backup and Restoration

 Backup of the whole database  Log data restoration
 Backup of basic data  Alarm data restoration
 Backup of files  Performance data restoration
 Backup and deletion of log data
 Backup and deletion of alarm data
 Backup and deletion of performance data
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Contents
 Task Management
Task Management Interface

Typical Task Management Operation
 Managing the Log Data Backup and Deletion Task

 NetNumen U31 predefines a log data backup and deletion task that runs
automatically every day at the preset start time, backing up and deleting the
log data that meets the deletion condition to prevent the size of log data
from getting too large.

Typical Task Management Operation
 Managing File Clearing Tasks

 NetNumen U31 predefines several
file clearing tasks to ensure the
stability and performance of the hard
disk on the application server.

Contents
 Task Management
System Backup and Restoration Interface

Typical Backup Operation
 Backing Up the Whole Database Structure

 This function allows you back up the whole database structure used by EMS
to a specified path. The backup involves all the database objects, including
table structure, index, application window, trigger, function, and process.
 (Demonstration)

Contents
 Task Management
System Monitoring Interface

Typical Operation
 Viewing the Basic Information of the Database Server

GSM Basic Radio parameters
Objectives
 At the end of this course, you will be able to:

 Understand the meaning of various radio parameters
 Grasp the setting of radio parameters

 State the effect to radio network performance of various
kind of radio parameters
Contents
 Network identification parameters

 System control parameters
 Cell selection parameters
 Network function parameters
Roles of identification parameters
 Enable the MS to correctly identify the ID of the current network
 Enable the network to be real time informed of the correct

geographical location of the MS
 Enable the MS to report correctly the adjacent cell information

during the conversation process

CELL GLOBAL IDENTITY (CGI)
 Cell Global Identity (CGI)

 It is used for identifying individual cells within an LA
3 Digits 2-3 Digits Max 16 Bits Max 16 bits
MCC MNC LAC CI
LAI
Cell Global Identity

ROLES OF CGI
 The CGI information is sent along the system broadcasting

information in every cell.
 When the MS receives the system information, it will extract the
CGI information from it and determines whether to camp on the
cell according to the MCC and MNC specified by the CGI.
 It judges whether the current location area is changed, then
determines whether to take the location updating process.

SETTING OF CGI
 MCC（Mobile Country Code）:

 consists of 3 decimal digits, and the value range is the decimal 000 ～ 999.
 MNC（Mobile Network Code）:

 consists of 3 decimal digits, and the value range is the decimal 00 ～ 999.
 LAC（Location Area Code）:

 The range is 1-65535.
 CI（Cell Identity）:
 The range is 0-65535.

BASE STATION IDENTITY CODE (BSIC)
 Base Station Identity Code (BSIC)

 It enables MSs to distinguish between neighboring base stations
3 Bits 3 Bits
NCC BCC
BSIC
NCC Network/ National Color Code Value Range: 0~7

BCC Base Station Color Code Value Range: 0~7

NCC and BCC ROLES
 NCC:
 In the connection mode (during conversation), the MS must measure the
signals in the adjacent cells and report the result to the network. As each
measurement report sent by the MS can only contain the contents of six cells,
so it is necessary to control the MS so as to only report the information of
cells factually related to the cell concerned. The high 3 bits (i.e. NCC) in the
BSIC serve this purpose.
 BCC:
 The BCC is used to identify different BS using the same BCCH in the same
GSMPLMN.

BSIC CONFIGURATION PRINCIPLE
 In general, it is required that Cells A, B, C, D, E and F use different

BSIC when they have same BCCH frequency. When the BSIC
resources are not enough, the cells close to each other may take
the priority to use different BSIC.
A B C
D E F

ROLES OF BSIC
 Inform the MS the TSC used by the common signaling channel

of the cell.
 As the BSIC takes part in the decoding process of the random
access channel (RACH), it can be used to prevent the BS from
mis-decoding the RACH, sent by the MS to an adjacent cell, as
the access channel of this cell.
 When the MS is in the connection mode (during conversation), it
must measure the BCCH level of adjacent cells broadcasting by
BCCH and report the results to the BS. In the uplink
measurement report, MS must show BSIC of this carrier it has
measured to every frequency point.

BA LIST (BCCH ADJACENT LIST)
 Adjacent cell BCCH table

 At most 32 adjacent cell
 Carried by BCCH when MS is idle, by SACCH when MS is
dedicated
 The MS will first search carriers from this table and if none is
found it will turns to find any of 30 carriers with highest levels.

Contents

RANDOM ACCESS
 Random access is the process that messages being transmitted

on RACH when a MS turns from “idle” to “dedicate” mode.
The main parameters includes:
 MAXRETRANS
 Tx_Integer
 AC

MAX RETRANS
 When starting the immediate assignment process (e.g, when MS

needs location updating, originating calls or responding to
paging calls), the MS will transmit the "channel request" message
over the RACH to the network. As the RACH is an ALOHA channel,
in order to enhance the MS access success rate, the network
allows the MS to transmit multiple channel request messages
before receiving the immediate assignment message. The
numbers of maximum retransmission (MAX RETRANS) are
determined by the network.

MAX RETRANS
 The MAX RETRANS is often set in the following ways:
For areas (suburbs or rural areas) where the cell radius is more than
3km and the traffic is smaller, the MAX RETRANS can be set 11 (i.e.
the MAX RETRANS is 7).
For areas (not bustling city blocks) where the cell radius is less than
3km and the traffic is moderate, the MAX RETRANS can be set 10（i.e.
For micro-cellular, it’s recommend that the MAX RETRANS be set 01

（i.e. the MAX RETRANS is 2).
For microcellular areas with very high traffic and cells with apparent
congestion, it’s recommend that the MAX RETRANS be set 00（i.e.

Transmission Distribution Timeslots (Tx_integer)
The Tx_integer parameter is the interval in timeslots at which

the MS continuously sends multiple channel request messages.
The parameter S is an intermediate variable in the access

algorithm, and is to be determined by the Tx_integer parameter
and the combination mode of the CCCH and SDCCH

Format of Tx_Integer
 MS starts the first channel request message : {0, 1, ..., MAX

(Tx_integer, 8)-1}
 The number of timeslots between any two adjacent channel
request messages {S, S+1, ..., S+Tx_integer-1}
 The Tx_integer is a decimal number, which can be 3~12, 14, 16,
20, 25, 32 and 50 (default). The values of the parameter S are
shown as below:
CCH Combination Mode
Tx_integer
CCCH Not Shared with SDCCH CCCH Shared with SDCCH
3, 8, 14, 50 55 41
4, 9, 16, 76 52
5, 10, 20, 109 58
6, 11, 25, 163 86
7, 12, 32, 217 115

ACCESS CONTROL AC
 The access levels are distributed as follows:

 C 0～C9: ordinary subscribers;
 C11: used for PLMN management;
 C12: used by the security department;
 C13: public utilities （e.g. water, gas）;
 C14: emergency service;
 C15: PLMN staff.

SETTING OF AC
 In the BS installation and commissioning process or in the

process of maintaining or testing some cells, the operator can set
C0～C9 as 0 to forcedly forbid the access of ordinary subscribers
so as to reduce the unnecessary effects on the installation or
maintenance work.
 In some cells with very high traffic, the congestion will occur in
busy hours. For example, the RACH conflict happens frequently,
the AGCH is overloaded and the Abis interface flow is overloaded.
The network operator can set proper access control parameters
（C0～C15）to control the traffic of some cells.

CCCH_CONF
 The CCCH can be one or more physical channels. The CCCH and
SDCCH can share the same physical channel. The combination
mode of the common control channel in a cell is determined by
the CCCH_CONF
CCCH message
CCCH_CONF
Meanings blocks in one
Coding
BCCH
0 CCCH use one basic physical channel, not shared with SDCCH 9
1 CCCH use one basic physical channel, shares with SDCCH 3
10 CCCH use two basic physical channels, not shared with SDCCH 18
100 CCCH use three basic physical channels, not shared with SDCCH 27
110 CCCH use 4 basic physical channels, not shared with SDCCH 36
Others Reserved

CCCH_CONF
 The CCCH_CONF is determined by the telecom operation

department according to the traffic model of a cell.
 If a cell has 1 TRX, we recommend that the CCCH uses one basic physical
channel and shares it with the SDCCH
 If a cell has 2 ~ 8 TRX, we recommend that the CCCH uses one basic physical
channel but does not share it with the SDCCH.

AGBLK
 Since the CCCH consists of the access grant channel (AGCH) and
paging channel (PCH), it is necessary to set how many blocks of
the CCCH information blocks are reserved and dedicated to the
AGCH, the access grant reserve blocks (AGBLK).
 AGBLK is represented in decimal numerals, and its value range is:
 CCCH is not combined with SDCCH: 0～7.
 CCCH is combined with SDCCH: 0～2.

AGBLK
 SETTING AND IMPACT OF AGBLK

 The AGBLK setting principle is: given that the AGCH is not overloaded, try to
reduce the parameter as much as possible to shorten the time when the MS
responds to the paging and improve the quality of service of the system.
 The recommended value of AGBLK is usually 1 (when the CCCH is combined
with the SDCCH), 2 or 3 (when the CCCH is not combined with the SDCCH).

BS-PA-MFRMS
 According to the GSM specifications, every mobile subscriber

belongs to a paging group. the MS calculates the paging group
to which it belongs by its own IMSI.
 In an actual network, the MS only "receives“ the contents in
the paging subchannel to which it belongs but ignores the
contents in other paging subchannels. (i.e. DRX source).
 The BS-PA-MFRMS refers to how many multi-frames are used as
a cycle of a paging subchannel. This parameter in fact determines
how many paging sub-channels are to be divided from the
paging channels of a cell.

BS-PA-MFRMS (2)
 BS-PA-MFRMS is represented in decimal numerals and its value

range is 2～9, its unit is multiframe （51 frames）, its default
value is 2
Multiframes of the same

BS-PA-MFRMS paging group that cycle
on the paging channel
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9

PERIODIC UPDATING TIMER (T3212)
 The frequency of periodic location update is controlled via the

network and the period length is determined by the parameter
T3212.
 The T3212 is a decimal number, within the range of 0~255, in
the unit of six minutes (1/10 hours).
 If the T3212 is set to 0, it means that the cell needs no periodical
location update.

NCCPERM
 In the connection mode (during the conversation), the MS will

report the measured signals of the adjacent cells to the BS, but
each report may contain at most 6 adjacent cells.
 Therefore, let the MS only report the information of the cells that
may become the hand-over target cells.
 The above functions can be fulfilled by limiting the MS to merely
measure the cells whose NCC have been specified. The
NCCPERM lists the NCCs of cells to be measured by the MS.
 NCCPERM will affect handover

RADIO LINK TIMEOUT (RLT)
 GSM specification stipulates that the MS must have a timer (S),

which is assigned with an initial value at the start of the
conversation, that is, the “downlink radio link timeout” value.
 Every time the MS fails to decode a correct SACCH message
when it should receive the SACCH, the S is decreased by 1. On
the contrary, every time the MS receives a correct SACCH
message, the S is increased by 2, but the S should not exceed the
downlink radio link timeout value. When the S reaches 0, the MS
will report the downlink radio link failure.
 The radio link timeout is a decimal number, within the range of 4
~ 64, at the step of 4, defaulted to 16.

MBCR (1)
 The parameter "multiband indication (MBCR)" is used to notify

the MS that it should report the multiband adjacent cell contents.
 The value is 0-3

MBCR (2)
0: Based on the signal strength of adjacent cells, the MS reports the

measurement results of 6 adjacent cells whose signals are the strongest,
whose NCC are known and allowed no matter in which band the adjacent
cells lie. The default value is “0”
1: The MS should report the measurement result of one adjacent cell in

each band (not including the band used by the current service area) in the
adjacent table, whose signal is the strongest and whose NCC is already
known and allowed.

MBCR (3)
2: The MS should report the measurement results of two adjacent cells

in each band (not including the band used by the current service area)
in the adjacent table, whose signals are the strongest and whose NCC
are already known and allowed.
3: The MS should report the measurement results of three adjacent cells

in each band (not including the band used by the current service area)
in the adjacent table, whose signals are the strongest and whose NCC
are already known and allowed.

Application of MBCR

Contents

CELL SELECTION C1
 When the MS is turned on, it will try to contact a public GSM

PLMN, so the MS will select a proper cell and extract from the
cell the control channel parameters and prerequisite system
messages. This selection process is called cell selection.
 The quality of radio channels is an important factor in cell

selection. The GSM Specifications defines the path loss rule C1.
For the so-called proper cell, C1>0 must be ensured.

CELL SELECTION C1
C1 = RXLEV - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
- Max(MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH - P ,0)
 where:
 RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN is the minimum received level the MS is allowed to
access the network
 MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH is the maximum power level of the control channel
(when MS sending on RACH);
 RXLEV is average received level;
 P is the maximum TX power of MS;
 MAX（X, Y）＝X; if X Y.
 MAX（X, Y）＝Y; if Y X.

RxLevAccessMin
 The RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN is a decimal number, within the range of

-110dBm ~ -47dBm
 Default value is 0 (-110dBm).
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN Meaning
-47 dBm > -48 dBm (level 63)
-46 dBm -49 ~ -48 dBm (level 62)
... ...
-108 dBm -109 ~ -108 dBm (level 2)
-109 dBm -110 ~ -109 dBm (level 1)
-110 dBm <-110 dBm (level 0)

Setting and Influence
 For a cell with traffic overload, you can appropriately increase the
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
 RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN value cannot be set to too high a value.
Otherwise, “blind areas” will be caused on the borders of cells.
 It is suggested that the RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN value should not
exceed -90 dBm.

CELL RESELECTION C2
 Cell Reselection (C2) is a process when MS change its service cell

in idle mode.
 When the MS selects a cell it will begin to measure the signal
levels of the BCCH TRX of its adjacent cells (at most 6)
 When given conditions are met, the MS will move from the
current cell into another one. This process is called cell
reselection.

CELL RESELECTION C2
 When C2 Parameter Indicator (PI) indicates YES，the MS will get

parameters (CRO, TO and PT) , from BCCH, to be used to
calculate C2(channel quality criterion), which serves as cell
reselection norm. The equation is as follows:
C2＝C1＋CRO－H（PT－T）×TO, when PT≠ 31

C2＝C1－CRO , when PT= 31
 Where T is a timer. When a cell is recorded by MS as one of the

six strongest cells, timer starts counting, otherwise, T is reset to
zero.

PARAMETER INDICATOR (PI)
 PI is used to notify the MS whether to use C2 as the cell reselect

parameter and whether the parameters calculating C2 exist.
 PI consists of 1 bit. “1”means the MS should extract

parameters from the system message broadcasting in the cell to
calculate the C2 value, and use the C2 value as the standard for
cell reselect; “0” means the MS should use parameter C1 as the
standard for cell reselect (equivalent to C2＝C1）.

CRO, PT AND TO
 The cell reselection initiated by the radio channel quality regards

C2 as the standard. C2 is a parameter based on C1 plus some
artificial offset parameters.
 The artificial influence is to encourage the MS to take the priority
in accessing to some cells or prevent it from accessing to others.
These methods are often used to balance the traffic in the
network.
 In addition to C1, there are three other factors influencing C2,
namely: CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET (CRO), TEMPORARY_OFFSET (TO)
and PENALTY_TIME (PT).

Format of CRO, PT and TO
 The CRO is a decimal number, in dB, within the range of 0 ~ 63,

meaning 0 ~ 126 dB, at the step of 2 dB.
 The TO is a decimal number, in dB, within the range of 0 ~ 7,
meaning 0 ~ 70 dB, at the step of 10 dB, where 70 means infinite.
 The PT is a decimal number, in seconds, within the range of 0 ~
31, meaning 20 ~ 620 seconds for 0 ~ 30, and at the step of 20
seconds. The value of 31 is reserved to change the direction of
effect that the CRO works on the C2 parameter.

C2 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
 For cells where the traffic is very heavy or the channel quality is
very low. the PT may be set 31, making TO invalid, so C2=C1-
CRO.
 For cells where the traffic is moderate, the recommended value
for CRO is zero and PT=31, thus causing C2=C1, i. e. no artificial
impact will be imposed.

C2 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
 For cells with light traffic, it’s recommended that CRO be

ranged from 0 to 20dB. The greater the CRO, the more possible
the cells will be reselected ,and vice versa. It’s also suggested
that TO is equal or a little higher than CRO. PT, whose main role
is to avoid frequent cell reselection by MS, is generally
recommended to be set at 20 seconds or 40 seconds.

CELL SELECTION HYSTERESIS (1)
 When a MS reselects a cell, if the old cell and the target cell are
in different locations, then the MS must initiate a location
updating process after cell reselection.
 Due to the fading features of the radio channel, the C2 values of
two adjacent cells measured along their borders will fluctuate
greatly.
 MS will frequently conduct the cell reselection, which will not
only increase the network signaling flow and lead to low
efficiency use of radio resources, but reduces the access success
rate of the system, as the MS cannot respond to paging calls in
the location updating process.

CELL SELECTION HYSTERESIS (2)
 To minimize the influence of this issue, the GSM specifications

put forward a parameter called ReselHysteresis,
 The cell selection hysteresis is represented in decimal numerals,

its unit is dB, its range is 0～14, its step length is 2dB, and its
default value is 4.

CELL RESELECTION PRINCIPLE
 If the MS calculates that the C2 value of an adjacent cell (Same

location area) surpasses the C2 value of the serving cell and
maintains for 5s or longer, the MS will start cell reselection .
 If the MS detects a cell that is not in the same location area with
the current cell, the calculated C2 value surpasses the sum of the
C2 value of the current cell and the ReselHysteresis parameter
and if it remains for 5s or longer, the MS will start the cell
reselection .
 The cell reselection caused by C2 should be originated at least at
the interval of 15s.

CELL BAR ACCESS (CBA)
 In the system message broadcasting in each cell, there is a bit

information indicating whether to allow the MS to access to it,
which is called cell bar access (CBA). The parameter CBA is to
indicate whether the cell bar access is set in a cell.
 The CBA bit is a parameter for the network operator to set.
Usually all the cells are allowed to be accessed by MS , so the bit
is set NO. However, in special cases, the telecom operator may
want to assign a certain cells for handover service only, then the
bit can be set YES.

CELL BAR ACCESS (CBA)
Area A
BTS B
MS A
BTS C

CELL BAR QUALIFY (CBQ)
 In areas where the cells overlay with each other and differ in
capacity, traffic and functions, the telecom operator often hopes
that the MS can have priority in selecting some cells, that is, the
setting of cell priority. This function is set by way of the
parameter "Cell Bar Qualify" (CBQ).

CELL BAR QUALIFY (CBQ) 2
 C1 and C2 States with CBA and CBQ Configurations
Cell Selection Cell Reselection

CBQ CBA
Priority State
No No Normal Normal
No Yes Barred Barred
Yes No Low Normal
Yes Yes Low Normal

EXAMPLE OF CBQ SETTING
A B
 For some reasons, the traffic of Cells A and B is apparently higher than
that of other adjacent cells. To balance the traffic in the whole area, you
can set the priority of Cells A and B as low, and set the priority of the
rest cells as normal so that the traffic in the shade area will be absorbed
by adjacent cells. It must be noted that the result of this setting is that
the actual coverage of Cell A and Cell B is narrowed. However, this is
different from reducing the transmitting power of Cell A and Cell B, the
latter may cause blind areas of the network coverage and the reduction
of communication quality.

Contents

LIMITn
 According to GSM Specification 05.08, the BTS must measure the

interference levels of the upward links of all the free channels for
the purpose of providing basis for managing and allocating radio
resources.
 Moreover, the BTS should analyze its measured results, divide the
interference levels into 5 grades and report them to the BSC. The
division of the 5 interference grades (i.e. the so-called
interference bands) is set by the operator through the man-
machine interface. The parameter "Interference band
border(LIMITn)” determines the borders of the 5 interference
bands.

LIMITn
Value Range Specified dBm Level

0 <-110 dBm
1 -110 dBm ~ -109 dBm
2 -109 dBm ~ -108 dBm
…
61 -50 dBm ~ -49 dBm
62 -49 dBm ~ -48 dBm
Default: LIMIT1：4 LIMIT2：8 LIMIT3：15 LIMIT4：25
 The division of the interference bands should be favorable in describing the

interference in the system. Generally the default values are recommended. In the
ordinary situations, the free channel interference level is smaller, so the LIMIT1～4
value should be smaller. When apparently large interference appears in the
system, you can properly increase the LIMIT1~4 values in order to know the exact
interference.
INTAVE
 Due to the randomness of the radio channel interference, the

BTS must average the measured uplink interference levels within
the specified period, and this average cycle is determined by the
INTAVE parameter.
 This parameter is a decimal number, in SACCH multi-frames,
within the range of 1 ~ 31.

New Cause Indication (NECI)
 The NECI is a decimal number, within the range of 0 ~ 1, with the

meaning described as below:
 When the NECI is 0, it means that the cell does not support the access of
half-rate services.
 When the NECI is 1, it means that the cell supports the access of half-rate
services.

RE-ESTABLISHMENT ENABLE (RE)
 For the drop calls caused by the radio link fault, the MS can start the
call reestablishment process to resume the conversation, but the
network is entitled to determine whether the call reestablishment is
allowed or not.
“0”=Yes, “1”=No.
 In some special circumstances, the drop call may occur when the MS
goes through a blind area during the conversation. If the call
reestablishment is allowed, the mean drop call rate will be reduced.
However, the call reestablishment process will occupy a longer
period of time, most of the subscribers have hung up before the
reestablishment process is over, as a result, the call reestablishment
failed to achieve its purpose and wasted many radio resources. We
recommend that the call reestablishment be not allowed in the
network except for some individual cells.

GPRS Radio Parameters
Setting
ZTE university
Objectives
 After completing this course, you are able to

 Comprehend the basic meanings of common GPRS
radio parameters
 Know the setting of common GPRS radio parameters
 Grasp the instructions of GPRS radio parameter setting
Contents
 R_PSBSC Parameters
 R_PSBTS Parameters
 GPRS Cell Reselection Parameters
 R_PSPOC Parameters
 R_PSTIMER
 Other Parameters
BSC Parameters
 BVC Flow Control

 Description:
 BVC flow control is performed on DL in Gb interface, BSS providing control
parameters and SGSN executing it.
 The purpose is to avoid the situation that some of the LLC data is discarded due to
timeout caused by the busy packet channel in BVC (excess LLS frames buffered) or
that the new downlink LLC data is discarded due to the limited memory resources
(LLC frame buffer overflow).
 The BSSGP process of the BSS periodically measures the current BVC leak rate.
When the timer overflows, the BSC originates BVC flow control.

BSC Parameters
 Relationship Between MS Flow Control and BVC Flow Control

BSC Parameters
 The Basic Flow of the Algorithm

Arrival of LLC PDU p with
length L(p) at time Tc
yes
B* < L(p) B = L(p)
B* = B + L(p) – (Tc - Tp) x R ?
no
 Bmax: size of the leaky bucket
 R: leak rate of the leaky bucket
 B: leaky bucket counter B* > Bmax
no
B = B* Tp = Tc
?
 B*: predicted value of the leaky
bucket counter
 L(p): length of a LLC PDU p yes
 Tp: transmission time of the Delay LLC PDU Pass LLC PDU
previous LLC PDU p
 Tc: arrival time of the current
LLC PDU

BSC Parameters
 CellFcPer BVC flow Control Period

 Description：
 In “BVC flow control” flow control, BVC leakage ratio statistics period is also
called ‘BVC long measurement period”.
 In order to provide reference for BVC flow control in SGSN, BSSGP procedure
make periodic statistic of leakage ratio of BVC; when long measurement timer
overflows, “BVC flow control” process will be initiated and if the difference
between forward and after leak rate exceed CellFcThs, it needs SGSN confirmation; ；
 When short statistics timer overflows, and the different between the forward and
after leak rates exceeds CellFcThs, “BVC flow control” process will be initiated and
wait for confirmation by SGSN.
 Value：2 ~ 65535
 Unit ： 10ms
 Default value： 3000

BSC Parameters
 BVC flow control R MIN value (BVCFlowCtrlRMin)

 Description：
 This is the minimum value of leaking rate R in reported BVC flow control parameters
under all kinds of flow control mode, that is, the reported parameter R must be
equal or over the set value, in the unit of 100 bps.
 Value:10 ~ 300
 Unit: 100 bps

BSC Parameters
 BVC flow control supported(BVCFlowCtrl)

 Description：
 This parameter originates unconditionally if long statistics timer overflows and
SGSN acknowledgement is necessary if discrepant range of adjacent leaking rates is
over CellFcThs. ‘BVC flow control supported’ originates and SGSN confirmation is
necessary if short statistics timer overflows and discrepant range of adjacent leaking
rates is over CellFcThs.
 Value: Yes/No
 Default value： Yes

BSC Parameters
 CellFcThs BVC Flow Control Threshold

 Description:
 “BVC flow control” triggering threshold.
 BVC flow control is carried out on DL in Gb interface, BSS providing control
parameters and SGSN executing it.
 The purpose is to avoid the condition that part of LLC data discard when packet
channel is busy in BVC or new DL LLC data discard due to interior resource lack.
 value：1~100（%）
 setting： 80 by default

BSC Parameters
 MS flow Control
 Description：
 MS flow control is carried out on DL in Gb interface, with BSS providing parameters
and SGSN executing it.
 The purpose is to to avoid one MS on BSS to abandoning some LLC data because of
the overtime caused by grouping channel is too busy (too many LLC frame caches)
and to avoid abandoning new downlink LLC data because of limit of memory
resource (overflow of LLC frame caches).

BSC Parameters
 MsFcPer MS flow Control Period

 Description：
 In “MS flow control” process, MS leakage rate statistics period is also called “MS
long measurement period.
 In order to provide reference for flow control in SGSN, BSSGP procedure makes
periodic statistic of leakage ratio of MS.
 when long statistics timer overflows, “MS flow control” process will be initiated
and if the difference between forward and after leakage ratio exceeds CellFcThs, it
needs SGSN confirmation；
 When short measurement timer overflows, and the different between the forward
and after leak rates exceeds MsFcThs, “MS flow control” process will be initiated
and wait for confirmation by SGSN.
 Value：2 ~ 65535

BSC Parameters
 MS flow control supported(MSFlowCtrl)

 Description：
 This parameter originates unconditionally if long statistics timer overflows and
SGSN acknowledgement is necessary if discrepant range of adjacent leaking rates is
over MsFcThs. “MS flow control supported” originates and SGSN confirmation is
necessary if short statistics timer overflows and discrepant range of adjacent leaking
rates is over MsFcThs.
 Value: Yes/No
 Default value： Yes

BSC Parameters
 MS flow control R MIN value (MSFlowCtrlRMin)

 Description：
 This is the minimum value of leaking rate R in reported MS flow control parameters
under all kinds of flow control mode, that is, the reported parameter R must be
equal or over the set value, in the unit of 100 bps.
 Value:10 ~ 300
 Unit: 100 bps

BSC Parameters
 FlowCtrlMode
 Description：different manufactures use different methods to realize SGSN
flow control. There are different modes in BSC, through which flow control
parameters is reported to SGSN. The modes are as follows:
 Mode 1：report flow control parameters based on flow on radio interface recorded
by BSC.；
 Mode 2：report flow control parameters according to maximum flow allowed by
the cell;
 Mode 3： Reserved
 Value：1 ~ 3

BSC Parameters
 MsFcThs MS flow Control Threshold

 description：
 “MS flow control” flow triggering threshold.
 MS flow control is carried out on DL in Gb interface, with BSS providing parameters
and SGSN executing it.
 The purpose is to avoid the condition that part of LLC data discard when packet
channel is busy in BSS or new DL LLC data discard due to interior resource lack.
 value：1~100（%）

Parameter Configuration

Parameter Configuration

BSC Parameters
 N3101 Maximum Number of UL Data

Block Allowed to Be Lost Continuously
description：
 Parameter used in RLC/MAC layer in BS
MS
S
BRP USF=n
USF=n
 In packet UL transmission process, BSS
will assign USF (corresponding to one . N3101max
.
UL TBF) for each UL block. USF=n
 For one USF, if the network receives
data correctly on assigned UL block, RlacMac_T3169
counter N3101 will be null; If the losses

on assigned UL block is continuous and Release USF &
the number of losses exceeds counter TFI
N3101, counter T3169 will start; When

T3169 exhausts, TFI and USF can be
used again.
 value： 9~255
 Setting: 10 by default

BSC Parameters
Max allowed number of continous losses of
Full name
uplink data blocks(N3101)
Value Range 9 ~ 255
Default 50
The smaller this parameter is, the lower the

tolerbility the network side for the improper uplink,
the higher the possibility of the uplink TBF
released improperly. When this parameter is set to
Configuration Rule and
a larger value, if the network side cannot receive
Adjustment Suggestion
corresponding uplink data blocks caused by the
MS itself, the network side still allocates uplink
resources for the MS, which leads to a waste of
system resources.

BSC Parameters
 N3103 “Packet UL ACK/NACK”

Retry Number
 description：
 Parameter used in RLC/MAC layer
in BRP.
 In packet UL transmission process,
If the network detects that UL TBF
ends (CV=0，and V(Q)=V(R)) after
receiving all RLC data block, the
network shall send the “packet
uplink ACK/NACK” message, set
FAI (final ack ID) to be 1, include a
valid RRBP field in the header of
RLC/MAC control block and set
N3103 to be zero.
 value： 0~255

BSC Parameters
Full name Times of packet uplink ACK/NACK retries(N3103)
Value Range 0 ~ 255
Default 10
The lower the value, the higher the number of

uplink TBF abnormal release by N3103;the higher
the value, the more the network resources
are wasted when cell reselection, but the higher
Configuration Rule and
the network KPI.In live network, N3103 should be
Adjustment Suggestion
properly increased to cut down the number of
uplink TBF abnormal release by N3103according to
the Um interface,Abis link quality, MS own
action,etc.

BSC Parameters
 N3105 Maximum Number of UL

“RLC/MAC Control” Message
Allowed to Be Lost Continuously
 description：
 Parameter used in RLC/ MAC layer in
BRP.
 In packet DL transmission process, BSS
will configure RRBP field in DL RLC
data block at regular intervals, with
the help of which informs MS to send
“RLC/MAC control” message (such
as ”packet DL ack” message )on
relative UL block. For one TBF, If the
losses “RLC/MAC control” message
are continuous and the number of
losses exceeds N3105（N3105max),
T3195 will start; when T3195 times out,
the network will reuse TFI resource.
 value： 0~255

BSC Parameters
Max allowed number of continous losses of uplink
Full name
RLC/MAC control message(N3105)
Value Range 0 ~ 255
Default 15
The lower the value, the higher the number of

downlink TBF abnormal release by N3105;the
higher the value, the more the network resources
Configuration Rule and are wasted when cell reselection, but the higher
Adjustment the network KPI.In live network, N3105 should be
Suggestion properly increased to cut down the number of
uplink TBF abnormal release by N3105 according
to the Um interface,Abis link quality, MS own
action,etc.

Contents
 R_PSBSC Parameters
 R_PSBTS Basic Parameters
 R_PSTIMER
BTS Parameters
 NSEI Network Service Entity ID

 description：
 In BSSGP layer, for management conveniences, each GPRS cell is given a
BVC(NSEI+BVCI) which is affiliated to one NSE.
 NSE is network service entity, which is numbered in the network and is identified
by NSEI.
 value：0~0xFFFF
 setting：configured by the operator
 remark：
 Generally, one BSC is considered to be an independent service entity containing
several NSE in ZXG10 system.

BTS Parameters
 NSEI Network Service Entity ID

 Structure sketch:
LSP1 LSPn LSP1 LSPn
BVC1 BVC1
BVCn BVCn
NSE NSE
NSVC1 NSVC1
NSVCn NSVCn
PVC1 PVC1
PVCn PVCn
FR Net
BSC SGSN

BTS Parameters
 “BVCI BSSGP Virtual ID”

 description：
 BSSGP virtual connection (BVC) provide a means for communication among
different BSSGP entities.
 BVC is the basic of sending BSSGP PDU between corresponding PTP, PTM and
signaling entities. Each virtual connection has an identification (BVCI), which helps
network service layer to route BSSGP PDU to corresponding entities.
 value：0~65535(0: identifies signaling function entity; 1: identifies PTM
function entity)
 setting： configured by the operator
 remark：in one NSE, each GPRS cell can be identified by one BVCI.

BTS Parameters
 RAC Routing Area Code

 Description:
 Similar to GSM system, LAC is applied in GPRS system to manage a group of cells;
what’s more, LAC is divided into RAC which are identified by RAI(MCC＋MNC＋
LAC＋RAC) in GPRS system.
 When MS cell in ATTACH state is reselected, if RAI of new and old cell is different,
“RA update” will be initiated. networkSGSN will page MS in standby state in the
RA when PS or CS data shall be sent in the network.
 Value：0~255
 Setting： configured by the operator
 Effect ：too delicate RAC differentiation will lead to frequent RAC update and
add to signaling load.
 remark：one RAI belongs to one SGSN.

BTS Parameters
 T3168
 Description：
 Parameter used in MS which is a GPRS cell optional parameter and is broadcast to
MS in PSI1, PSI13, and SI13 indicating the maximum time waiting for PACKET
UPLINK ASSIGNMENT message after sending PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/UNACK
message (or Channel Request Description IE contained in PACKET DOWNLINK
ACK/UNACK message ).
 Setting：7 by default(4.0 second)
value Time length
0 0.5 sec.
1 1.0 sec.
2 1.5 sec.
7 4.0 sec.

BTS Parameters
 T3192
 Signaling Procedure Sketch:

BTS Parameters
 T3192
 Influence：
 The greater the value of the parameter
is, the longer TBF relative resource
(including TFI and timeslot) will be value Time length
reserved. Similarly, TBF sending time represents（unit：
will be longer which will easily lead to ms)
congestion. 0 500
 The smaller the value of the parameter 1 1000
is, the longer DL TBF establishment
2 1500
will be. Because MS will release TBF
quickly and if receiving new DL data, 3 0
the network will make paging or 4 80
initiate immediate assignment process
5 120
(if MS is standby).
6 160
 If new DL data arrives at the network
before T3192 expires, the network will 7 200
send ”packet DL assignment”
message to establish a new DL TBF to
shorten the TBF establishment.

BTS Parameters
 DrxTimeMax Non-DRX Mode Holding Time

 Description：
 Parameters used in MS, which is a GPRS cell optional parameter and broadcast to
MS in PSI1, PSI13 and SI13 indicating DRX_TIMER_MAX value.
 When MS mode changes from packet transmission to packet idle ,the time that MS
stay non-DRX is decided by minimum of NON_DRX_TIMER and DRX_TIMER_MAX.
 Setting：2 by default
Value Time length

0 0 sec.
1 1sec.（2(1-1)sec.）
2 2 sec.（2(2-1) sec.）
3 4 sec.（2(3-1) sec.）
…
7 64 sec.（2(7-1) sec.）

BTS Parameters
 DrxTimeMax Non-DRX Mode Holding Time

 Influence：
 In non-DRX mode, MS will monitor CCCH blocks, and PCU will contain context
concerning MS. Immediate assignment messages about DL TBF establishment can
be sent on AGCH in stead of making paging.
 Non-DRX mode will help to shorten DL TBF establishment, which will also quicken
the consumption of battery.

BTS Parameters
 BsCvMax Maximum sending block number

 Description：
 BsCvMax is a GPRS cell optional parameter used in MS which is broadcast to MS in
the messages of PSI1, PSI13 and SI13 indicating the maximum number of blocks
allowed to be sent in each timeslot.
 CV value is average number of pending data block in each timeslot which is sent by
MS when the value is less than 15.
 Setting:15（300ms）
 Influence： value connotation
 If BS_CV_MAX is set to be too small, RLC data
0 1 block（time length）
 block may be retransmitted before ack message
 is received, which will result in the high occupancy 1 1 block（time length）
 rate of radio resource; If BS_CV_MAX is too
2 2 blocks（time length）
 highly set, the efficiency of the sliding window may
 be reduced which may result in the slow data … …
 transferring rate 15 15 blocks（time length）

BTS Parameters
 PanDec, PanInc, PanMax N3102 Decision Value

 Description：
 They are GPRS cell optional parameters used in MS which are broadcast in
messages of PSI1, PSI13 and SI13, indicating the value of PAN_DEC, PAN_INC and
PAN_MAX.
 Each time cells get reselected, N3102 will resume PanMax.
 When N3102 < 0, TBF will abnormally released and cell reselection will be executed.
 When PanDec, PanInc or PanMax is zero, N3102 is invalid.
 Value：PanDec, PanInc, and PanMax：0～7
 Setting：PanDec（0）,PanInc（1), and PanMax（7）by default

BTS Parameters
 PanDec, PanInc, PanMax N3102 Decision Value

 Influence：
 To add PANMAX and PANINC, and reduce PANDEC will reduce the possibilities of
cell reselection due to TBF abnormal release when MS can’t receiving Packet
Uplink Ack; at the same time, MS sending window will pause and occupy radio
resources for a long time which is the source of inefficiency of radio utility rate.
 To reduce PANMAX and PANINC, and
 add PANDEC will easily lead to cell
 reselection due to TBF abnormal release,
 reduce TBF normal release rate and affect
 data transferring rate.
PanMax value Value
represents
0 4
1 8
2 12
… …
7 32

BTS Parameters
 PbcchBlks PBCCH Reserved Blocks

 Description:
 Parameters used in MS
 Is a PCCCH structural parameter and is broadcast to MS in PSI1
 This parameters indicates the number of 52 multiframe(12 blocks) assigned to be
PBCCCH. PBCCH is used by packet system messages sent at high-speed and low
speed. This parameter shall be configured with PSI1_REPEAT_PERIOD in PSI1
message to ensure the availability of blocks to send messages both at high speed
and low speed.
value connotation
0 PBCCH uses 1 block in multiframe
1 PBCCH uses 2 blocks in multiframe

BTS Parameters
 PagBlkRes PAGCH Reserved Blocks Number

 Description：
 Is parameters used in MS。
 Is a PCCCH structural parameter and is broadcast to MS in PSI1 message.
 It indicates the number of blocks (PAGCH, PDTCH and PACCH ) exclusive of packet
paging and PBCCCH. ‘UL assignment” message can be sent firstly on these
blocks so as to quicken TBF establishment. After channel requests on PRACH, “UL
assignment” message can be received on PCCCH which is in the same timeslot
with PRACH.
Value Connotation
0 Block reserved for PAGCH, PDTCH and PACCH is 0
…
13~15 The same with 0

BTS Parameters
 ParchBlks PRACH Reserved Blocks

 Description：
 Is parameter used in MS.
 Is a PCCCH structural parameter and is broadcast to MS in PSI1 message.
 It indicates the fixed blocks reserved for PRACH in PDCH loading PCCCH. These
blocks need to be identified by USF=FREE. MS uses this parameters or USF=FREE
to assign PRACH.
Value connotation
0 0 block reserved for PRACH

1 1 block reserved for PRACH
…
12 12 blocks reserved for PRACH

BTS Parameters
 TxInt Packet Access Attempt

Interval Amplitude
Value connotation
 Description：
 Is parameters used in MS. 0 2 delay TSL
 Is a PRACH control parameter and 1 3 delay TSL
is broadcast to MS in PSI1 message.
。。。。。。。。。
 Each time new connection is
8 10 delay TSL
established, MS will send channel
request message in PRACH. 9 12 delay TSL
 PRACH is a ALOHA. To improve MS 10 14 delay TSL
accessibility, MS is allowed to send 11 16 delay TSL
multiple channel requests before
12 20 delay TSL
receiving packet assignment
message. Before getting response 13 25 delay TSL
after previous channel request, MS 14 32 delay TSL
will resend channel request within
15 50 delay TSL
random time. TxInt is random
waiting time.
 Setting: 2 by default(4 timeslots)

BTS Parameters
 Packet Access Attempt Interval

value connotation
Period 0 S=12
 Description： 1 S=15
 Is parameters used in MS. 2 S=20
 Is PRACH control parameter and is 3 S=30
broadcast to MS in PSI1 message.
4 S=41
Each time a new connection is
5 S=55

established, MS will send channel

6 S=76
request message in PRACH.
7 S=109
 PRACH is a ALOHA. To improve MS
accessibility, MS is allowed to send 8 S=163
multiple channel requests before 9 S=217
receiving packet assignment 10~15 reserved
message. TxInt is random wait time.

BTS Parameters
 MaxRetrans Maximum Attempt

Number
value connotation
 Description：
 Is a PRACH control parameter used 0 Once allowed
in MS and is broadcast to MS in
1 Twice allowed
PSI1.
 Indicates maximum number of 2 4 times allowed
access attempts in PRACH of MS
3 7 times allowed
with the priority level from 1 to 4.
 Value：
 this parameter is an array, array
element is 4, the first array element
corresponds to the maximum
attempts with the 1 priority, and so
forth.

BTS Parameters
 RaColor routing area update

 Description：
 Is broadcast to MS in SI3, SI4, SI7 and SI8.
 The function of RaColor is similar to BCC in GSM system. To ensure that MS can
initiate ”router area update” process (when cell reselection is made cross-BSC),
adjacent cells with the same RAC are assigned with different RaColor.
 Setting: 2 by default(4 timeslot)

BTS Parameters
 NcNoDrxPer NC Non-DRX Holding Time

 Description：
 Is a parameter used in MS.
 Is network control measurement parameter broadcast in PSI5 and indicates
minimum time of MS stay non-DRX after sending NC measurement report for once.
 When Ctrl Order is NC0 (no measurement report when MS makes cell reselection), it
isn’t broadcast in PSI5.
 Setting: 2 by default( invalid when NC=0)
value connotation
0 Non-DRX
1 0.24 sec.
2 0.48 sec.
3 0.72 sec.
4 0.96 sec.
5 1.20 sec.
6 1.44 sec.
7 1.92 sec.
BTS Parameters
 CsChansThs Minimum Idle CS Channel Number

 Description：
 Indicates minimum number of CS idle channels when 一PS+CS channels is change
to be PS channels.
 If idle CS channel number is lower than the minimum number, dynamic PS+CS
channel can’t be changed to be PS channel; and vice versa.
 Value: 0~255

BTS Parameters
 PccchIndTh PCCCH Overload Threshold

 Description：
 Is a parameter used by FUC in BTS.
 Indicates PCCCH（PRACH、PPCH）overload threshold.
 Is an array consisting of 3 in the unit of ％.
 Value：0～100（%）
 Setting： 50 by default

Contents
 R_PSBSC Parameters Introduction

 R_PSTIMER
Cell Reselection Parameters
 GPRS Cell Selection Arithmetic

 description：
 C1＝RXLEV-GPRS_RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN-MAX(GPRS_MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH-
P,0)
 RXLEV-----receiving average power level (unit: dBm)
 GPRS_RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN-----minimum GPRS access power level (unit: dBm)
 GPRS_MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH-----maximum transmit power level of MS (unit: dBm)
 P-----MS maximum output power (unit: dBm)

 GPRS Cell Selection Arithmetic

 C31 arithmetic formula:
 C31＝RXLEV-HCS_THR (service cell)
 C31=RXLEV-HCS_THR- GPRS_TEMPORARY_OFFSET*H(GPRS_PENALTY_TIME-T)*L
(adjacent cell)
 PRIORITY_CLASS (service cell）＝PRIORITY_CLASS (adjacent cell），L=0
 PRIORITY_CLASS (service cell）not equal to PRIORITY_CLASS (adjacent cell），
L=1

 GPRS Cell Reselection Arithmetic

 C32 arithmetic
 To select the cell among the cells with the same level priority, the following formula
are used:
 C32=C1(serving cell）
 C32=C1+GPRS_RESELECT_OFFSET-
GPRS_TEMPORARY_OFFSET*H(GPRS_PENALTY_TIME-T)*(1-L)(adjacent cell）
 When MS is in ready state and serving cell has the same RAC with the adjacent cell,
C32=C32+GPRS_CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS
 When MS is in standby or ready state and serving cell has different RAC with the
adjacent cell,
C32=C32+RA_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS
 When MS is in standby state and serving cell has different RAC with the adjacent
cell
C32=C32

 ReselOff GPRS Cell Reselection Offset

 description：
 Is broadcast to MS in PSI3.
 In GPRS, C32 is used for cell reselection. Similar to C2 in GSM, cell reselection offset
(ReselOff) is used in C32 arithmetic. When ReselOff is 0dB, message will not be sent.
 setting：0dB by default
value Relative power level

0 -52 dB
1 -48 dB
… …
10 -12dB
11 -10dB
… …
22 +12dB
23 +16dB
… …
31 +48 dB

 ReselHys GPRS Cell Reselection Lag

 Description:
 Is parameter used in MS
 Is broadcast in PSI3.
 When cell selection is made, and RAC of the source cell and target cell is found to
be different, a RA update shall be initiated.
 setting：ReselHys is generally set to be 4 or 5
Value Lag power level

0 0 dB
1 2 dB
2 4 dB
3 6 dB
4 8 dB
5 10 dB
6 12 dB
7 14 dB
 C31_HYST C31 "Cell Reselection Hysteresis”

 description：
 Is a parameter used in MS
 Is broadcast in PSI3 and indicates whether ReselHys is available in C31.
 Value：0 unavailable
1 available
 Setting: 0

 RadAcRetry Random Access Retry

 description：
 Is broadcast in PSI3 and indicate whether MS is allowed to access another cell. In
packet transmission process, if abnormal release occurs, running TBF will be
discarded; If it’s allowed to access other cell (RadAcRetry=1), cell reselection will
be executed and UL TBF will be established in new cell.
 If there are other suitable cell , MS can reselect previous cell within T_RESEL second.
 value：0 not allowed
1 allowed

 T_RESEL Reselect The Previous Cell Interval

 description：
 Is broadcast is PSI3. when the cell is abnormally released due to a cell reselection,
within T_RESEL, this cell is not allowed to be reselected except that that are no
other choice.
 When T_RESEL is 5 second, the message will not be sent.
 setting：0 by default（5 sec.）
value Time length represents
0 5秒
1 10秒
2 15秒
3 20秒
4 30秒
5 60秒
6 120秒
7 300秒

 RaReselHys Routing Area Reselection Hysteresis

 description：
 Is broadcast in PSI3 and indicates the hysteresis value during choosing a cell in
another RAC when MS is in STANDBY and READY state. When the value of this
parameter is the same with that of ReselHys, it will not be sent in the message.
value Hysterisis power level
0 0 dB
1 2 dB
2 4 dB
3 6 dB
4 8 dB
5 10 dB
6 12 dB
7 14 dB

 TempOffset Cell Reselection Temporary Offset

 description：
 Is broadcast in PSI3. In GPRS system, C32 is used in cell reselection. Similar to C2 in
GSM, C32 has an temporary offset (TempOffset), and the effective time is decided
by PenalTime.
 setting： the same with offset value in C2 of GSM system.
value Relative power level（dB）

0 0
1 10
2 20
3 30
4 40
5 50
6 60
7 infinite

 PenalTime Cell Reselection Penalty Time

 description：
 Is broadcast in PSI3. In GPRS system, C32 is used in cell reselection. Similar to C2 in
GSM, C32 has an temporary offset (TempOffset), and the effective time is decided
by PenalTime.
value Time represents
0 10 sec.
1 20 sec.
… …
31 320 sec.

Contents

 R_PSTIMER
Power Control Parameters
 Alpha Power Control 

 description：
 Is a power control parameter of the network and is broadcast in PSI1, PSI13 andSI13.
 This parameter decides  of MS transmitting power control. MS transmitting power
is decided by the following formula: P =min（0 - CH - a (C + 48)，PMAX）
 setting：0 by default
value connotation
0 =0.0
1 =0.1
2 =0.2
…
9 =0.9
10 =1.0

 T_Avg_W Power Control Filter Period in Packet Idle Mode

 description：
 Is a power control parameter of BSC and GPRS system and is broadcast in PSI1,
PSI13 and SI13.
 This parameter is a period of signaling strength filter in packet idle mode.
value connotation
0 Filter period is 2(0/2)/6

multiframe
multiframe
…

multiframe

 T_Avg_T Power Control Filter Period in Packet Transmitting

Mode
 description：
 Is a power control parameter in BSC and GPRS system and is broadcast in PSI1,
PSI13 and SI3.
 It’s period of power strength in packet transmitting mode.
value connotation
0 Filter period is 2(0/2)/6 multiframe
26~31 reserved

 PcMeasChan Power Control Measurement Channel

 description：
PSI13 and SI13.
 It indicates DL power strength measurement location for UL power control purpose.
value connotation
0 DL measurement in BCCH for power control
1 DL measurement in PDCH for power control

 N_Avg_I Power Control Filter Constant

 description：
PSI13 and SI13.
 It a constant to filter interference signaling for power control.
value connotation
0 Filter constant 2(0/2)

…

 UlPwCtrl UL Power Control Strategy

 description：it decides GPRS UL power control strategy.
value UL Power control

strategy
0 Not controlled
1 Open-loop control
2 Closed loop control
3 Based o quality
other reserved

 DlPwCtrl DL Power Control Strategy

 description：
 This parameter determines GPRS downlink power
 control strategy, including the following four modes:
 No control, Open-loop control, Close-loop control,
 Control based on quality.
 Value range:No control, Open-loop control, Close-loop

control,Control based on quality
 Default value:Non-control

 DlPwCtrl DL Power Control Strategy

 description：it decides GPRS DL power control strategy.
value DL Power control

stategy
0 Not controlled
1 Open-loop control
2 Closed loop control
3 Based o quality
other reserved

Contents

 R_PS Timer
Timer
 T3169
 description：
 Timer start condition: when N3101 = N3101max, or N3103 = N3103max.
 Timer stop condition: no
 Time out action: release USF and TFI resource
 Value： 0~0xFFFF（10ms）
 setting： 500 by default（5 sec.）

Timer
 T3191
 Timer start/restart:
 During the packet downlink
transmission, if RLC data block is the
final downlink data block to be
transmitted, BSC sends the RLC data
block with the Final Block Identifier
(FBI) domain as 1. It contains an
effective RRBP domain to initialize the
release of downlink TBF. At this time,
the network starts or restarts T3191.
 value： 0~0xFFFF（10ms）
 setting： 500 by default(5 sec.）

Timer
 T3191
 Timer stop:
 If RLC mode is ACK mode and MS finds that all downlink blocks have been
collected, MS sends the Packet Downlink Acknowledgement message (with
FAI domain = 1) through the uplink block specified in RRBP domain. If BSC
receives the Packet Downlink Acknowledgement message before T3191 is
timeout, T3191 stops.
 If RLC mode is NACK mode, MS sends the Packet Control Acknowledgement
message in the uplink block specified by RRBP field. If BSC receives the
Packet Control Acknowledgement message before T3191 expires, T3191
stops.

Timer
 T3193
 description：
 This parameter is timer T3193 which is used for protection on TBF release
during downlink packet transmission. For details, see the description of T3191.
The conditions of timer start, stop,and timeout actions are as follows.
 Time start/restart:
 If BSC receives PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK (RLC mode is ACK mode)
or PACKET CONTROL ACKNOWLEDGE (RLC mode is NACK mode) message
with FAI domain = 1, T3191 stops and T3193 starts.
 Timer stop: new downlink TBF in the network uses the same TFI.
 Timeout action: Release the TFI resource. This parameter should be more
than timer T3192, to ensure that MS releases the TFI prior to BSC.
 value： 0~0xFFFF（10ms）
 setting： 500 by default（5 sec.）
Timer
 T3195
 Description：
 It’s TBF protecting time when radio link fails or MS doesn’ t respond due to cell
change. In packet DL transmitting process, if N3105 expires，BSS will start T3195;
when T3195 gets exhausted, TFI can be used again.
 timer starting condition: N3105 = N3105max.
 timer stop condition: no
 expire indication: release TFI
 Value： 0~0xFFFF（10ms）
 Setting： 500 by default（5 sec.）

Contents

 R_PS Timer
GPRS support
GPRS support(PsSupport) [No, “GPRS support”, “EDGE support”,

“EGPRS2-A support”]

EDGE Modulation & Coding schemes
EGPRS uplink init. coding scheme(EGPRSInitAttSelt_0) [MCS1..MCS9]

EGPRS downlink init. coding scheme(EGPRSInitAttSelt_1) [MCS1..MCS9]
EGPRS uplink max. coding scheme(EGPRSInitAttSelt_2) [MCS1..MCS9]
EGPRS downlink max. coding scheme(EGPRSInitAttSelt_3) [MCS1..MCS9]
EGPRS phones init code can be changed(InitAttachExch_1) [Yes, No]

Link Adaptation and IR
Uplink LA+IR quality control support(IrSupportUp) [Yes, No]

Link Adaptation: Forgetting Factor
Average filter period for uplink BEP(BEPperiodUp) [0..15]

Average filter period for downlink BEP(BEPperiodDown) [0..10]

GERAN CS KPI Analysis
Contents
 GSM KPI Introduction

 Availability Improvement
 Accessibility Improvement
 Mobility Improvement
 Reliability Improvement
Critical KPI for Network Performance Evaluation
To evaluate
performance when
MS is moving
Mobility
To evaluate
performanc Accessibility
when service Reliability Network
is ongoing Performance
To evaluate
performance
When MS is
accessing the
Availability
network
To evaluate
network usage
KPI are being used to measure and evaluate the performance and
quality of the services and the networks

GERAN KPI system
• SDCCH Blocking • Handover • Call Drop

• SDCCH Success Rate Ratio
Rate
Availability • Location • UL RxQual 0-4
• TCH Blocking
• TCH Update Success • DL RxQual 0-4
Rate
Availability • SDCCH Drop Rate •…
• VAMOS Rate •…
• IFTA • SDCCH
• Abis Link Assignment
backup Success Rate
• … • TCH Assignment
Success Rate
• Call setup success
rate
• Call Success Rate
•…
Availability&
Capacity Accessability Mobility Reliability
GSM KPIs Architecture (DT/CQT/STAT.)

Contents

SDCCH Availability
KPI SDCCH availability

Number of available SDCCHs  100%/(Number of available
KPI SDCCHs + number of unavailable SDCCHs)
Definition
The ratio of the available SDCCHs to the SDCCHs allocated in
network is mainly used to check the equipment performance,
especially to inspect the availability of SDCCHs of the cells. It is
directly related to the stability of equipment, transmission and
Notes power supply. It reflects the availability ratio of network
equipment and the stability of the network operation
Recommend
99%
ed Value

Signaling Statistical Point of SDCCH Availability
Query the database when periodic measurement data is reported

to get the value of the counter,the measurement point is A which
finds out the number of available SDCCHs.

TCH Availability
KPI TCH availability

Number of available TCHs  100%/(Number of available
KPI
TCHs + number of unavailable TCHs)
Definition
The ratio of the available TCHs to the TCHs allocated in
network is mainly used to check the equipment
performance, especially to inspect the availability of TCHs
Notes of the cells. It is directly related to the stability of
equipment, transmission and power supply.
Recomme
99%
nded Value

Signaling Statistical Point of TCH Availability
Query the database when periodic measurement data is

reported to get the value of the counter,the measurement
point is A which finds out the number of radio
channel,TCH/F,TCH/H.

VAMOS Technology, Double GSM Voice
Capacity
Voice services over Adaptive Multi-user channels on One Slot
Non-VAMOS Slot VAMOS Slot
One Time Slot Capacity
VAMOS advantages：
 Take full use of existing network hardware resources to improve network capacity and save CAPEX.
 In the meantime of improving network capacity, ensures voice quality and maintains customer
satisfaction.
 Increase spectrum utilization and save CAPEX.
 Lightly impact on network planning, and save OPEX.

VAMOS Impact on System Capacity
— With 100% Penetration of VAMOS I Terminal
Theoretically VAMOS can double the GSM capacity , but in reality VAMOS
System Capacity supported terminal penetration rate and wireless environment are also key
facts need to be considered
hardware efficiency (Erl/TRX) hardware efficiency (Erl/TRX)
20 8
15 6 7.5
16.69 5.25
10 11.6 4
5 2
0
0
AFS12.2 without VAMOS AFS12.2 with VAMOS
HR without VAMOS HR with VAMOS
hardware efficiency (Erl/TRX) hardware efficiency (Erl/TRX)
8 20
6 7.49 15
5.2 16.85
4 10 11.65
2
5
0
0
AFS5.9 without VAMOS AFS5.9 with VAMOS
AHS5.9 without VAMOS AHS5.9 with VAMOS
Network simulation results from ZTE (MUROS-2, VAMOS I=100%)

2G
IFTA Improves Network Capacity
HWE SE EFL GAIN Limitation HWE SE[Erl./MH EFL GAIN Limitation
DU3 SU50
[Erl./TRX] [Erl./MHz/site] [%] [%] Type [Erl./TRX] z/site] [%] [%] Type
Without DL Quality Without DL Quality
3.8742 10.5660 10.9323 - 2.2931 6.2547 6.4712 -
IFTA limited IFTA limited
DL Quality DL Quality
With IFTA 4.8269 13.1631 13.6203 24.57978 With IFTA 3.2053 8.7402 9.0442 39.73812
limited limited
DL QLUR DL RQ<4 DL QLUR DL RQ<4
25 95
15 95
Without IFTA Without IFTA
90
With IFTA 90 With IFTA
20 85
85
80
80
10
15 75
75
DL QLUR(%)
DL RQ<4(%)
DL QLUR(%)
DL RQ<4(%)
70
70
10 65
65
5 60
60
5 55
55
50 Without IFTA
50 Without IFTA
With IFTA
With IFTA
0 45
0 45 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
SE(Erl./MHz/site) SE(Erl./MHz/site)
SE(Erl./MHz/site) SE(Erl./MHz/site)
14  Capacity
12  In the DU3 scenario, the maximum system
capacity gain is 25%.
SE[Erl./MHz/site]
10
 In the SU50 scenario, the maximum system
8 Without IFTA capacity gain is 40%.
6
With IFTA  KPI
 The QLUR decrease when the AMR penetration
4 increase.
2  The user ratio of RQ < 4 increase when the
AMR penetration increase.
0
DU3 SU50

2G
Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB)
 This feature provides high quality of voice, which makes the voice more natural,
and it also provides high quality telephone, voice and conference video services.
Coding Coding Modulation

mode rate Mode
WB- 23.85 kbit/s 8PSK
AMR_23.85
WB- 15.85 kbit/s 8PSK
AMR_15.85
WB- 12.65 kbit/s 8PSK／GMSK GMS
AMR_12.65 K
WB-AMR_8.85 8.85 kbit/s 8PSK／GMSK
8PSK
WB-AMR_6.60 6.60 kbit/s 8PSK／GMSK
 16k samples/s PSTN

voice
 GMSK FR /8-PSK FR / 8-PSK HR
Channel can be used
AMR-WB voice impression can compare beauty
 6.6~ 23.85 kbps can be supported with PSTN.

Contents

SDCCH Blocking Rate
KPI SDCCH Blocking Rate
Number of signaling channel congestions  100%/Number of
KPI signaling channel call attempts, including the condition when
Definition SDCCHs and TCHs are used as signaling channels.
1.The consistency between the desired capacity and actual

capacity of the network; and the consistency between the
estimated traffic model and the actual one;
2.Sudden traffic;
Notes 3.Lack of SDCCH capacity;
4.Internal & external interference;
5.Preplanned redundancy;
6.Operators’ special requirements;
7.FR and HR used as signaling channel.
Recommend
1%
ed Value

Signaling Statistical Point of SDCCH Blocking

TCH Blocking Rate
KPI TCH Blocking Rate
Formula 1 (default):
Number of TCH congestions (including HO) 
KPI 100%/Number of TCH call attempts (including HO)
Definition Formula 2:
Number of TCH congestions (excluding HO) 
100%/Number of TCH call attempts (excluding HO)
1.The consistency between the desired capacity and
actual capacity of the network; and the consistency
between the estimated traffic model and the actual one;
2.Sudden traffic;
Notes 3.Lack of TCH capacity;
4.Internal & external interference;
5.Preplanned redundancy.
Recomme Formula 1: 2%
nded Value Formula 2: 1%

Signaling Statistical Point of TCH Blocking
MS BTS BSC MSC
ASS_CMD
B1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
B2
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA EST_IND
B3
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
B4
ASS_COM

TCH Assignment Success Rate
KPI TCH Assignment Success Rate

Number of TCH assignment successes  100/(Number of
KPI TCH assignment successes + number of TCH assignment
Definition failures)
This KPI is directly related to radio environment, carrier

problems, assignment methods, and application of data
Notes service. This formula does not include the condition when
TCH is used as the signaling channel.
Recomme
2%
nded Value

Signaling Statistical Point of TCH Assignment
success Rate
MS BTS BSC MSC
ASS_CMD
B1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
B2
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA EST_IND
B3
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
B4
ASS_COM

Signaling Statistical Point of TCH Assignment
Failure
MS sends Assignment
Failure to BSC after the
assignment fails.
After T3107 expires, BSC

counts assignment failure
for one time.

Accessibility Improvement
ZTE Highlight Features for accessibility

New improvement
service
Cat. Technology
Baseband pooling
Radio
Service
Network
request
Resource Resource dynamic allocation
Rate
increase of Radio
PS services network Precise Paging
function

Powerful Baseband Processing
Data Throughput Per Board(Mbps)
130 ZTE Industry

140
120
100
80 Key Index Capability per Board
60 30 35
Cells/TRX 6 cells or 12TRX
40 10
20
0
Downlink Uplink
Benefits:
 Industry leading capacity
Baseband board
 GSM/UMTS baseband
pooling technology Baseband pooling
technology
Pooling technology, best use of baseband resource, increase accessibility

High Speed Mobility Access
--China Wuhan - Guangzhou HSR (350km/h)
Changsha
BSC number: 1
BBU number: 9
RRU number: 57
Logical cell:11
Hengyang
BSC number: 1
BBU number: 24
RRU number: 143
Logical cell: 28
Chenzhou
BSC number: 1
BBU number: 16
RRU number: 119
Logical cell: 17

GU Dynamic Transmission Share Increase Access
rate
GU dual-mode BBU
GU Co-transmission highlights
 GU sharing native IP interface GE/FE
 IP over E1 for GU sharing E1 dynamically
E1/T1 GE/FE
GU Co-transmission
GU sharing
IP access boards
• EGPB: GE/FE
Abis/Iub
SDR BTS IP Transmission • EDTI: IP over
E1
RNC/BSC
• ESDTI: IP over
CSTM-1
SDR BTS
GU dual-mode
controller

Precise Paging reduce network paging load
LAC: Location Area Code VPC: Visit Paging Cell VPC: Visit Paging Cell
dormitory
class room
Without Precise Paging With Precise Paging
paging messages will be sent to all paging messages will be sent to VPC,
cells in the same location area code. HPC instead of all cells in the LAC
area.
Precise Paging can reduce network paging load, improves network performance
and enhances user perception.

Contents

Handover Success Rate
KPI Handover Success Rate
Formula 1 (default): Number of handover successes in
busy hours  100%/Number of handover requests in busy
KPI
hours Formula 2:Number of incoming successes in busy
Definition
hours  100%/Number of incoming requests in busy
hours
Notes This KPI value differs a lot in different types of network.
Recomme Formula 1: 98%

nded Value Formula 2: 97%

Signaling Statistical Point of TCH handover
success rate
MS BTS BSC MSC
MEAS_REP
MEAS_RES
C1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
C2
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA EST_IND
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
C3
HO_PREFORM
The signaling statistical point of intra-cell handover request is C1, and that
of handover success is C3, which means Assign Complete message is
received by BSC after the handover is completed successfully.

Signaling Statistical Point of TCH Handover
Success Rate
The signaling statistical point of intra-BSC handover request is A4,

which means the message received by BSC is incoming handover
request. The signaling statistical point of handover success is A6, which
means the Handover Complete message is received after the handover
is completed successfully.

Signaling Statistical Point of TCH Handover
Success Rate
MS BTS BSC MSC
HO_REQ
D1
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
D2
HO_REQ_ACK
HO_ACCESS
HO_DETECT
PHY_INFO
HO_DETECT
SABM
UA
HO_COM
HO_COM
D3
HO_COM
The signaling statistical point of inter-BSC handover request is D1, which

means the handover request message sent by MSC is received. The
signaling statistical point of handover success is D3, which represents
that Handover Complete message is received.

Expanding 3G Coverage with 2G Network
PS
WCDMA coverage
HO to 2G
Keep in 2G
HO to 3G
HO to 2G
CS Dual direction re-

selection in Idle mode
ZTE Highlight Features for GU Handover

 Service-Based Handover GSM coverage
 Target cell Load based inter-RAT HO
 Enhanced Iur-g

Iur-g for Inter-RAT Handover
Legacy Inter-RAT IWK ZXUR 9000 inter-RAT IWK
UMTS/GSM CN GSM
UMTS
Internal
Processing
G/U
BSC RNC
Benefits
 From core-route mode to intra shelf/inter shelf information exchange
 Low delay and unlimited information sharing, unbelievable inter-RAT cooperation efficiency and
performance!

Contents

TCH Call Drop Rate
KPI TCH Call Drop Rate
KPI Number of TCH call drops  100%/Number of TCH seizures

Definition (including handover)
Voice channel call drop rate falls into two types: one is with
handover included; the other is with handover excluded. If
handover is not included, the indicator value will be about 0.2%
Notes higher than the one with handover included. This discrepancy is
not universally defined yet, for it can be larger in dual-band
network. This KPI value differs a lot in varied types of network.
The discrepancy can reach 0.3%.
Recommend
0.8%
ed Value

Signaling Statistical Point of Radio Call Drops
MSC BSC BTS Ms
Measure Report
Measure Result
Clear Request
Connection failure
(Radio Interface
A1
Failure)

Signaling Statistical Point of Call Drops due to
Handovers
MS BTS:TRX BSC MS Old BTS: New BTS BSC
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACTIVATE
CHANNEL ACT ACK
CHANNEL ACTIVATE ACK
A1
A1 HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND
SET T8
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
SET T3107
T8 Timeout
T3107 A2
Timeout
A2
Call drop due to intra-cell handover Call drop due to inter-BSC handover
MS Old BTS: New BTS BSC
CHANNEL ACT
The signaling statistical point for
CHANNEL ACT ACK
call drops due to all kinds of
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND
A1
SET T3103
handovers is A2, which means after
the timer expires due to handover
T3103
failure, BSC clears the channels and
Timeout counts one time of call drop due to
A2
handover failure.
Call drop due to inter-BSC handover

Retainability Improvement
Coverage improvement Network Optimization
 2*80W high PA  Good HO/load

output balance strategy to
increase HO
 RRU +BBU success
 Super coverage  Avoid HO e.g. M-
 …… RRU for one cell
 Neighbor cell
optimization, etc
Tools: Call Detail Trace, Transmission SLA Monitoring, Neighboring Cell Monitoring
2G/3G ZTE highlight features for retainability improvement

GU M-RRU for one cell
2G Repeated FACCH/SACCH; PS handover; Power boost for 8PSK;
 Retainability incl. CS CDR, PS CDR, and call complete success rate

Multi-RRU for One Cell Decrease Call Drop Rate
for Tunnels
Dual RRU Back to Back
 Senario for broad coverage: dual RRU back to back installed and combined for one cell without
handover to decrease call drop rate
6RRUs for one cell
 Senario for tunnel coverage: 6 RRUs cascade connection for tunnel coverage. No handover occur in
the beginning and inside of tunnel so the call drop rate is decreased

Multi RRU for One Cell for Decrease CDR for
Indoor Coverage
Cell combination can effectively avoid frequent handover between cells in a indoor-outdoor space
coverage scenario, such as emporium, official building, airport, and showplace etc.
Uplink Baseband combination

Indoor Coverage
RRU RRU RRU RRU 3G RRU
This will not decrease uplink

BBU receive sensitivity, and can
correct doppler shift.
Uplink Radio Combination
RRU RRU RRU RRU
This will affect

uplink receive Outdoor Coverage
sensitivity.
BBU
Multi RRU in one cell coverage tech for complicated

indoor/outdoor coverage is successfully used in China 2G BTS
Unicom and CSL network. Call drop rate was decrease
about 20%. 3G RRU
3G BBU

UMTS Radio Parameter
Contents
 UMTS Cell Selection and Reselection

Parameter
 UMTS Intra-Frequency Handover Parameter
 UMTS Inter-Frequency Handover Parameter
 UMTS Inter-RAT Handover Parameter
Strategy of Cell Selection and Reselection
 For normal service, the UE has to camp on a suitable cell, tune to

that cell's control channel(s) so that the UE can:
 Receive system information from the PLMN;
 Receive registration area information from the PLMN, e.g., location area and
routing area;
 Identify to which service area as specified by NAS that the serving cell
belongs.
 Receive other AS and NAS Information;
 Receive paging and notification messages from the PLMN;
 Initiate call setup for outgoing calls or other actions from the UE.

Cell Selection and Reselection (A)
To B
Cell Selection and Reselection (B)
From A

Cell selection criteria-Rule S
Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0
Squal ＝ Qqualmeas － Qqualmin
Srxlev ＝ Qrxlevmeas－Qrxlevmin－Pcompensation
 Qqualmeas：Measured cell quality value. The quality of the
received signal expressed in CPICH Ec/No (dB).
 Qrxlevmeas：Measured cell RX level value. The quality of the
received signal expressed in CPICH RSCP (dBm).
 Qqualmin：Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB).
 Qrxlevmin：Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm).
 Pcompensation：max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH－P_MAX, 0) (dB)
 UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH：Maximum TX power level on RACH
(dBm)
 P_MAX：Maximum RF output power of the UE (dBm)
Camped Normally State
 Select and monitor the indicated PICH and PCH of the cell
according to information sent in system information.
 Monitor relevant system information.
 Perform necessary measurements for the cell reselection
evaluation procedure.
 Execute the cell reselection evaluation process.

Measurement rules for cell re-selection
 If Sx > SIntraSearch, UE does not measure intra-frequency cells.

 If Sx <= Sintrasearch, UE measure intra-frequency cells.
 If Sintrasearch is not broadcast, UE measure intra-frequency cells. Whether to
broadcast Sintrasearch or not is controlled by SintrasearchPre.
 If Sx > Sintersearch, UE does not measure inter-frequency cells.

 If Sx <= Sintersearch, UE measure inter-frequency cells.
 If Sintersearch is not broadcast, UE measure inter-frequency cells. Whether to
broadcast Sintersearch or not is controlled by SintersearchPre.
 If Sx > SSearchRat, UE does not measure inter-RAT cells.

 If Sx <= SSearchRat, UE measure inter-RAT cells.
 If SsearchRat is not broadcast, UE measure inter-RAT cells. Whether to
broadcast SsearchRat or not is controlled by OtherRATInfoPre.
 Where, Sx is Squal.

Cell reselection criteria-Rule R
Rs ＝ Qmap,s + Qhyst,s
Rn ＝ Qmap,n－Qoffsets,n
 Qmap,s：Mapping value of serving cell quality measurement.
 Qmap,n： Mapping value of neighbor cell quality measurement
 Qhyst1s ：Hysteresis value when measurement value is CPICH RSCP.
 Qhyst2s ：Hysteresis value when measurement value is CPICH Ec/No.
 Qoffset1s,n ：Cell reselection offset when measurement value is CPICH
RSCP.
 Qoffset2s,n ： Cell reselection offset when measurement value is CPICH
Ec/No.
 The new cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval
Treselection according to the R criteria.
 More than 1 second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current
serving cell.
Intra-Frequency Cell Re-Selection

Inter-RAT Cell Re-Selection

Inter-RAT Cell Re-Selection
Yes

Quality measure for Cell Selection and Reselection
Parameter QualMeas
Name
Description This parameter indicates the quality measure for cell
selection and reselection.
Range and Step 1: CPICH Ec/No
2: CPICH RSCP
Default Value 1
Configuration View->Configuration Management->RNC NE->RNC
Path Radio Resource Management->UltranCell-
>UltranCellXXX->Modify Advanced Parameter-> Cell
Selection and Reselection -> Measurement Quality for
Cell Selection and Reselection

Minimum Required Quality Level in the Cell
Parameter QQualMin
Name
Description This parameter indicates the minimum required quality
level of the cell which satisfies the condition of being
selected or reselected by UE. When the quality measure
is CPICH Ec/No, only the measured quality of the cell is
over Qqualmin can the cell be selected. It’s -18dB by
default.If value of the parameter is increased, it’s harder
for the cell to satisfy the condition of being selected.If
value of the parameter is decreased, it’s easier for the
cell to satisfy the condition of being selected.
Range and Step ［-24，0］dB step 1dB
Default Value -18dB
Path Radio Resource Management->UtranCell->UtranCellXX-
>Modify Advanced Parameter->Cell Selection and
Reselection->Qqualmin-offset
Minimum Required Received Level in the Cell
Parameter Name QRxLevMin
Description This parameter indicates the minimum required
received power level of the cell which satisfies the
condition of being selected or reselected by UE. When
the quality measure is CPICH RSCP, only the measured
received power level of the cell is over Qrxlevmin can
the cell be selected. If value of the parameter is
increased, it’s harder for the cell to satisfy the
condition of being selected. If value of the parameter is
decreased, it’s easier for the cell to satisfy the
condition of being selected.
Range and Step ［-115，-25］dBm step 2dBm
Default Value -115dBm
Path Radio Resource Management->UtranCell-
>UtranCellXX->Modify Advanced Parameter->Cell
Selection and Reselection->Minimum Required
Received Level in the Cell (Qrxlevmin)
Maximum Allowed UL TX Power of RACH
Parameter MaxRACHTxPwr
Name
Description This parameter indicates the maximum allowed UL
transmission power of RACH.If value of configuration is
increased, the maximum allowed UL transmission power
of RACH increases.If value of configuration is decreased,
the maximum allowed UL transmission power of RACH
decreases.
Range and Step ［-50，33］dBm
Default Value 24dBm
>UltranCellXXX->Modify Advanced Parameter->Prach-
>Maximum Allowed UL TX Power of RACH

Sintrasearch Configuration Tag
Parameter SIntraSearchPre
Name
Description This parameter is a switch indicating whether Sintrasearch is
configured or not. If the value is False, Sintrasearch is not
configured to UE and UE performs periodical intra-
frequency measurement. If the value is True, Sintrasearch is
configured to UE, and UE judges whether to perform the
intra-frequency measurement.
Range and Step False: Not configured to UE.
True: Configured to UE.
Default Value True: Configured to UE.
>UltranCellXXX->Modify Advanced Parameter->Cell
Selection and Reselection-> Sintrasearch Configuration
Tag

Intra-Frequency Measurement Trigger Threshold
for Cell Reselection
Parameter Name Sintrasearch
Description This parameter indicates the intra-frequency measurement
triggering threshold for cell reselection (Sintrasearch) used by UE to
judge whether intra-frequency measurement should be
performed. When HCS is not used, if the quality of serving cell
exceeds Sintrasearch, UE doesn’t perform intra-frequency
measurement. If the quality of serving cell is not larger than
Sintrasearch or if Sintrasearch is not configured, UE performs intra-
frequency measurement. Sintrasearch is delivered to the UE, if its
value is increased, it’s easier for the UE to trigger intra-
frequency measurement. If value of the parameter is decreased,
it’s harder for the UE to trigger intra-frequency measurement.
Range and Step ［0，20］dB Step 2dB
Default Value 14dB
Configuration View->Configuration Management->RNC NE->RNC Radio
Path Resource Management->UltranCell->UltranCellXXX->Modify
Advanced Parameter->Cell Selection and Reselection->Intra-
Frequency Measurement Trigger Threshold for Cell Reselection
(Sintrasearch)
Sintersearch Configuration Tag
Parameter SInterSearchPre
Name
Description This parameter is a switch which indicates whether
Sintersearch is configured or not. If the value is False,
Sintersearch is not configured to UE and UE performs
periodical inter-frequency measurement. If the value is
True, Sintersearch is configured to UE, and UE judges
whether to perform the inter-frequency measurement.
Selection and Reselection->Sintersearch Configuration
Tag

Inter-Frequency Measurement Trigger Threshold
Parameter Name Sintersearch
Description This parameter indicates the inter-frequency measurement
triggering threshold for cell reselection (Sintersearch) used by UE to
judge whether inter-frequency measurement should be
performed. When HCS is not used, if the quality of serving cell
exceeds Sintersearch, UE doesn’t perform inter-frequency
measurement. If the quality of serving cell is not larger than
Sintersearch or if Sintersearch is not configured, UE performs inter-
frequency measurement. When Sintersearch is delivered to the UE, if
its value is increased, it’s easier for the UE to trigger inter-
frequency measurement. If value of the parameter is decreased,
it’s harder for the UE to trigger inter-frequency measurement.
Default Value 10dB
Advanced Parameter->Cell Selection and Reselection->Inter-
Frequency Measurement Trigger Threshold for Cell Reselection
(Sintersearch)
Inter-system Information Configuration Tag
Parameter OtherRATInfoPre
Name
Description This parameter is a switch indicating whether inter-RAT
information parameters used for cell reselection are
configured or not. If the value is False, inter-RAT
information parameters are not configured to UE and UE
performs periodical inter-RAT measurement. If the value
is True, inter-RAT information parameters are configured
to UE, and UE judges whether to perform the inter-RAT
measurement.
Selection and Reselection->Inter-System Information
Configuration Tag
Inter-System Measurement Trigger Threshold
Parameter Name Ssearch,RAT
Description This parameter indicates the inter-RAT measurement triggering
threshold for cell reselection (Ssearch,RAT) used by UE to judge
whether inter-RAT measurement should be performed. When HCS
is not used, if the quality of serving cell exceeds Ssearch,RAT, UE may
choose to not perform inter-RAT measurement. If the quality of
serving cell is not larger than Ssearch,RAT or if Ssearch,RAT is not
configured, UE performs inter-RAT measurement. When Ssearch,RAT
is delivered to the UE, if its value is increased, it’s easier for the
UE to trigger inter-RAT measurement. If value of the parameter is
decreased, it’s harder for the UE to trigger inter-RAT
measurement.
Default Value 6dB
Advanced Parameter->Cell Selection and Reselection->Inter-
System Measurement Trigger Threshold for Cell Reselection
(Ssearch,RAT)
Reselection Hysteresis 1 of Serving Cell
Parameter Qhyst1s
Name
Description This parameter indicates the hysteresis value for FDD
cells in case the quality measure for cell selection and
reselection is set to CPICH RSCP. In cell-ranking criterion
R of cell reselection, the R value of serving cell equals to
the measured value plus the hysteresis value. If value of
the parameter is increased, it’s harder to trigger cell
reselection as the R value of the serving cell will increase.
If value of the parameter is decreased, it’s easier to
trigger cell reselection as the R value of the serving cell
will decrease.
Range and Step ［0，40］dB step 2dB
Default Value 10dB
Selection and Reselection-> Reselection Hysteresis 1 of
Serving Cell (QHyst1s)
Reselection Hysteresis 2 of Serving Cell
Parameter Qhyst2s
Name
Description This parameter indicates the hysteresis value for FDD
cells in case the quality measure for cell selection and
reselection is set to CPICH Ec/No. In cell-ranking criterion
R of cell reselection, the R value of serving cell equals to
the measured value plus Qhyst2s. If value of the
parameter is increased, it’s harder to trigger cell
reselection as the R value of the serving cell will increase.
If value of the parameter is decreased, it’s easier to
trigger cell reselection as the R value of the serving cell
will decrease.
Range and Step ［0，40］dB step 2dB
Default Value 2dB
Selection and Reselection-> Reselection Hysteresis 2 of
Serving Cell (QHyst2s)
Quality Offset 1 Between Serving Cell and
Neighbouring Cell
Parameter Name Qoffset1s,n
Description This parameter indicates the quality offset of the serving cell and
neighbor cell when the quality measure is CPICH RSCP. This
parameter is required when queues cells in the cell reselection
rule. This parameter is broadcast to UE in SIB11. R of neighbor cell
= measured signal quality of neighbor cell - this offset. If value of
the parameter is increased, it’s harder to trigger cell reselection
as the R value of the neighbor cell will decrease. If value of the
parameter is decreased, it’s easier to trigger cell reselection as
the R value of neighbor cell will probably increase.
Range and Step OMCR：［-50，50］dB
RNC：D=P+50，［0，100］
Default Value 0dB
Path Resource Management->UltranCell->UltranCellXXX-
>Neighbouring Cell -> Advanced Parameter Manager-> Quality
Offset 1(Qoffset1s,n ) Between Serving Cell and Neighbouring Cell
Broadcasted in SIB11

Quality Offset 2 Between Serving Cell and
Neighbouring Cell
Parameter Name Qoffset2s,n
Description This parameter indicates the quality offset of the serving cell and
neighbor cell when the quality measure is CPICH Ec/No. This
parameter is required when queues cells in the cell reselection
rule. This parameter is broadcast to UE in SIB11. R of neighbor cell
= measured signal quality of neighbor cell - this offset. If value of
the parameter is increased, it’s harder to trigger cell reselection
as the R value of the neighbor cell will decrease. If value of the
parameter is decreased, it’s easier to trigger cell reselection as
the R value of neighbor cell will increase.
Range and Step OMCR：［-50，50］dB
RNC：D=P+50，［0，100］
Default Value 0dB
Path Resource Management->UltranCell->UltranCellXXX->
Neighbouring Cell -> Advanced Parameter Manager-> Quality
Offset 2(Qoffset2s,n ) Between Serving Cell and Neighbouring Cell
Broadcasted in SIB11

Cell Reselection Timer Value
Parameter Treselections
Name
Description This parameter indicates the cell reselection timer value.
UE will reselect the new cell if the new cell is best ranked
according to the criterion R during a time interval
indicated by Treselection and the new cell can be
selected as new serving cell only after extension of the
reselection timer. If value of the parameter is increased,
it’s harder to trigger cell reselection. If value of the
parameter is decreased, it’s easier to trigger cell
reselection.
Range and Step ［0，31］s step 1s
Default Value 1s
Selection and Reselection->Cell Reselection Timer Value
(Treselections)
Cell Barred Indicator
Parameter CellBarredInd
Name
Description This parameter is cell barred indicator. If the cell barred
indicator is set to “Barred”, UEs are not permitted to
select/re-select this cell, even for emergency calls.
Range and Step 1: Barred
2: Not Barred
Default Value 2: Not Barred
Selection and Reselection->Cell Barred Indicator

Intra-frequency Cell Reselection Indicator
Parameter InFreqReselInd
Name
Description This parameter is intra-frequency cell reselection
indicator. If cell is barred, if the value of this parameter is
“Allowed”, UE is allowed to select other intra-frequency
cell in case it satisfies the cell selection/relection
condition. If it is set “Not Allowed”, when cell is barred,
UE will not select another intra-frequency cell.
Range and Step 0: Allowed
1: Not Allowed
Default Value 0: Allowed
>UltranCellXXX-> Cell Selection and Reselection -> Cell
Selection and ReselectionX-> Advanced Parameter
Manager-> Intra-frequency Cell Reselection Indicator

Broadcast in either SIB11 or SIB11bis
Parameter Sib11orSib11bis
Name
Description This parameter indicates UTRAN neighbour cells are
broadcast in either SIB11 or SIB11bis, the default
parameter is SIB11. If there are so many neighbour cells,
and the size of system message larger than 3552bit,
select part of cells broadcast in SIB11bis
Range and Step 0: SIB11
1: SIB11bis
Default Value 0: SIB11
Path Radio Resource Management->UltranCell->neighbouring
cellXXX->Broadcast in either SIB11 or SIB11bis

Measurement Priority of Neighboring Cell
Parameter MeasPrio
Name
Description This parameter indicates the measurement priority of the
neighboring cell. The smaller value it is, the higher
priority the cell has.
Range and Step ［0，2］
Default Value 0
Path Radio Resource Management->UltranCell->neighbouring
cellXXX->Measurement Priority of Neighboring Cell

Contents
 UMTS Cell Selection and Reselection Parameter

Intra-Frequency Handover
 The intra-frequency handover can be triggered based on Ec/No

or RSCP measurement through the parameter IntraMeasQuan.
 Active set
 Monitored set
 Detected set

Intra-Frequency Measurement
 When conducting intra-frequency measurement, the UE needs to

implement layer 3 filter for the measurement results to avoid
measurement fluctuation:
 Fn = (1-a) Fn-1 + a Mn
 Fn-1 refers to the result of last filter
 Fn refers to the result of current measurement filter
 Mn refers to current measurement result
 a = 1/2(k/2) refers to the filter coefficient
 K refers to the filter factor

Neighboring Cells Configuration
 If the number of intra-frequency neighboring cells exceeds 32, it

needs to delete some cells to ensure that there are only 32 intra-
frequency neighboring cells.
 Priority combination strategy
 Sorting strategy

Cell Priority
 The OMCR configuration parameter MeasPrio is used to define

the priority of adjacent cells and includes three values:
 0: High priority
 1: Medium priority
 2: Low priority

Intra-frequency measurement events
 A series of intra-frequency measurement events are defined in

3GPP as the judgment and trigger criteria for intra-frequency
handover.
 Event 1A: A Primary CPICH enters the Reporting Range.
 Event 1B: A Primary CPICH leaves the Reporting Range.
 Event 1C: A Non-active Primary CPICH becomes better than an active Primary
CPICH.
 Event 1D: The best cell changes.

Event 1A
 NA 
10  LogM New  CIO New  W  10  Log   M i   (1  W)  10  LogM Best  (R 1a  H1a /2)
 i1 
 R1a: Refers to the reporting range of Event 1A. It is used to control the extent of
difficulty in adding a cell into the active set.
 H1a: Refers to the reporting hysteresis of Event 1A. It is used to control the extent
of difficulty in adding a cell into the active set.
 Mnew: Refers to measurement of the to-be-evaluated cell outside the active set.
 CIOnew: Refers to offset of cell outside active set in relation to other.
 Mi: Refers to the mean measurement value of other cells except the best cell in
active set.
 NA: Refers to the number of other cells except the best cell in active set.
 Mbest: Refers to the measurement of the best cell in the active set.
 W: Refers to the weight proportion of the best cell to the rest cells in the active
set in evaluation standards.

Event 1A

Event 1B
 NA 
10  LogM Old  CIO Old  W  10  Log   Mi   (1  W)  10  LogM Best  (R 1b  H1b /2)
 i1 
 R1b: Refers to the reporting range of Event 1B. It is used to control the
extent of difficulty in dropping a cell from the active.
 H1b: Refers to the reporting hysteresis of Event 1B. It is used to control
the extent of difficulty in dropping a cell from the active set.
 Mold: Refers to measurement of the to-be-evaluated cell in the active set.
 CIOold: Refers to offset of cell in active set in relation to other cells.
 Mi: Refers to the mean measurement value of other cells except the best
cell in active set.
 NA: Refers to the number of other cells except the best cell in active set.
 Mbest: Refers to the measurement of the best cell in the active set.
 W: Refers to the weight proportion of the best cell to the rest cells in the
active set in evaluation standards.
Event 1B

Event 1C
10  LogM New  CIO New  10  LogM InAS  CIO InAS  H1c /2

 H1c: Refers to the reporting hysteresis of Event 1C. It is used to
control the extent of difficulty in replacing a cell in the active set.
 Mnew: Refers to measurement of the to-be-evaluated cell outside
the active set.
 MInAS: Refers to the cell with poorest quality in the active set.
 CIOnew: Refers to offset of the to-be-evaluated cell outside the
active set in relation to other cells.
 CIOInAS: Refers to offset of cell with poorest quality in active set in
relation to other cells.

Event 1C

Event 1D
10  LogM NotBest  CIO NotBest  10  LogM Best  CIO Best  H1d /2

 MNotbest: Refers to the measurement of the to-be-evaluated cell
within or outside the active set.
 CIONotbest: Refers to the offset of the to-be-evaluated cell within
the active set or outside the active set in relation to other cells.
 CIObest: Refers to offset of the to-be-evaluated cell in the active
set in relation to other cells.
 Mbest: Refers to the measurement of the to-be-evaluated cell in
the active set.
 H1d: Refers to Event 1D report hysteresis.

Event 1D
Ec_2
R1b+H1b/2
R1a-H1a/2 H1d/2 1A
Ec_1
1A 1D 1B 1D

Cell Individual Offset
 For each cell that is monitored, an offset can be assigned with inband signalling.
The offset can be either positive or negative. The offset is added to the
measurement quantity before the MS dose evaluate while an event has occurred.
 Offset of neighbor cell parameter, CPICH Ec/No, can be set as the offset which
MS pluses it to neighbor cell measurement result, CPICH Ec/No, before compares
it with reporting principle value, Ec/No.
 Cell individual offsets can be regarded as the tool of moving cell edge.

Time-To-Trigger
 If a to-be-evaluated cell meets the reporting range or threshold

of certain event, the condition must be met within a period of
time before the reporting of this event to avoid intra-frequency
event misreport due to the fluctuation of radio quality.
Measurement
quantity
RptRange
P CPICH 1 [MAX_INTRA_
MEAS_EVENT]
P CPICH 2
P CPICH 3 TrigTime[MAX_INTRA_MEAS_EVENT]
Reporting Time
event 1A

Intra-Frequency Handover
Ec/No
Reporting
Event 1D
P CPICH 1 RptRange 1B +
Reporting Hysteresis 1B /2
Event 1A
RptRange 1A –
Hysteresis 1A /2
Hysteresis 1D /2
Reporting
Event 1B
P CPICH 2
TrigTime1B
TrigTime1A TrigTime1D
Add P CPICH Change the best Drop P CPICH 1

2 in Active Set cell to P CPICH2 from Active Set Time

Softer Handover

Intra-RNC Soft Handover

Inter-RNC Soft Handover

Inter-RNC Soft Handover(Iur)

Filter Coefficient
Parameter FilterCoeff
Name
Description This parameter indicates the filtering factor that UE performs
the L3 filtering on the measurement results of the intra-
frequency measurement. The smaller the value of the filtering
factor is, the larger effect the current measurement result will
have on the measurement result reported to RNC (periodical
report) or the judgment (event report).
Range and （0， 1， 2， 3， 4， 5， 6， 7， 8， 9， 11，13， 15， 17，
Step 19）
Default UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH Ec/No: 2
Value UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH RSCP: 3
Configurati View->Configuration Management->RNC NE->RNC Radio
on Path Resource Management-> Modify Advanced Parameter->UE
Intra-frquence Measurement Configuration-> Filter
Coefficient

Measurement Priority of Neighboring Cell
Parameter MeasPrio
Name
neighbouring cell. The priority of the neighbouring cell can be
set to 0, 1, or 2, of which, 0 represents the highest priority and
2 represents the lowest priority. The priority of the
neighbouring is set by the configuration personnel according
to the signal strength and distance of the neighboring cell.
Range and ［0，2］
Step
Default 0
Value
on Path Resource Management->UltranCell->neighbouring cellXXX-
>Measurement Priority of Neighboring Cell

Report Criteria
Parameter RptCrt
Name
Description This parameter indicates the reporting criteria of the intra-
frequency measurement, including the event reporting
criteria and the periodical reporting criteria.
Range 1: Event Trigger Reporting Criteria
2: Periodical Reporting Criteria
Default UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH Ec/No: Event Trigger
Value Reporting Criteria
UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH RSCP: Event Trigger
Reporting Criteria
on Path Resource Management->Modify Advanced Parameter->UE
Intra-frequency Measurement Configuration->Report Criteria

Measurement Quantity
Parameter MeasQuantity
Name
Description This parameter indicates the measurement quantity of the
intra-frequency measurement that UE performs.
Range and 0： CPICH Ec/No
Step 1： CPICH RSCP
2： Pathloss
Default UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH Ec/No: CPICH Ec/No
Value UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH RSCP: CPICH RSCP
Intra-frequency Measurement Configuration->Measurement
Quantity

Reporting Range Constant Event 1A/1B
Parameter RptRange
Name
Description Event 1A is easier to be triggered when the reporting range
constant for event 1A is set to a larger value; and vice verse.
Event 1B is easier to be triggered when the reporting range
constant for event 1B is set to a smaller value; and vice verse.
Range and ［0，14.5］dB
Step step 0.5dB
Default UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH Ec/No: [3,5,0,0,0,0,0]
Value UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH RSCP: [6,8,0,0,0,0,0]
Intra-frquence Measurement Configuration->Reporting
Range Constant Event 1A/1B(dB)

Hysteresis
Parameter Hysteresis
Name
Description This parameter indicates the hysteresis when judging whether
to trigger the event. This parameter avoids the change of the
trigger status due to very small change. This parameter is
related to the measurement quantity and the event type.
Range and ［0，7.5］dB
Step step 0.5dB
Default UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH Ec/No: [0,0,4,4,2,2,4]
Value UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH RSCP: [4,4,6,6,4,4,6]
Intra-frquence Measurement Configuration-> Hysteresis

Cell Individual Offset (utranCell)
Parameter CellIndivOffset(utranCell)
Name
Description This parameter defines the individual offset of cells in the
active set relative to other cells. When the value is positive, a
positive value is added to the measurement result. If the value
is negative, a negative value is added to the measurement
result.
Range and ［-10，10］dB step 0.5dB
Step
Default 0dB
Value
on Path Resource Management->Utran Cell->Utran Cell XXX->Modify
Advanced Parameter->Utran Cell->Cell Individual Offset(dB)

Cell Individual Offset (utranRelation)
Parameter CellIndivOffset(utranRelation)
Name
Description This parameter defines the individual offset of cells outside
the active set relative to other cells. When the value is positive,
a positive value is added to the measurement result. If the
value is negative, a negative value is added to the
measurement result.
Range and ［-10，10］dB step 0.5dB
Step
Default 0dB
Value
on Path Resource Management->Utran Cell->Utran Cell XXX-
>Neighbouring Cell->Neighbouring Cell XXX->Modify
Advanced Parameter->Cell Individual Offset(dB)

Weight for Event 1A/1B
Parameter W
Name
Description This parameter is used for the quality judgment of event 1A
and 1B. This parameter indicates the weight of the best cell in
the quality judgment and is related to the measurement
quantity and the event type.
Range and ［0.0，2.0］
Step step 0.1
Default UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH Ec/No: [0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Value 0.0 0.0 0.0]
UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH RSCP: [0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0]
Intra-frquence Measurement Configuration-> Weight for
Event 1A/1B

Time to Trigger
Parameter TrigTime
Name
Description This parameter indicates the time difference between the
time that the event generation is detected and the time that
the event is reported. The event is triggered and the
measurement report is reported only when the event
generation is detected and still meets the requirements of
event triggering after Time to trigger.
Range and （0， 10， 20， 40， 60， 80， 100， 120， 160，200， 240，
Step 320， 640， 1280， 2560， 5000）ms
Default UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH Ec/No:
Value [200,640,320,320,200,200,320]ms
UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH RSCP:
[200,200,200,200,200,200,200]ms
Intra-frquence Measurement Configuration-> Time to
Trigger(ms)
Amount of Reporting for Event 1A/1B/1C
Parameter EvtRptAmount
Name
Description This parameter indicates the reporting amount for event
1A/1B/1C. Once Event 1A/1C meets the reporting range of
quality standards, the UE will report Event 1A/1C periodically
until this event does not meet reporting conditions or the
reporting times reach the maximum allowed times.
Range and (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, Infinity)
Step
Default UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH Ec/No: [4, 4, 4, -, -, -, 4]
Value UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH RSCP: [4, 4, 4, -, -, -, 4]
Intra-frquence Measurement Configuration-> Amount of
Reporting for Event 1A/1B/1C/1J

Reporting Interval for Event 1A/1B/1C
Parameter EvtRptInterval
Name
Description This parameter indicates the reporting interval for event
1A/1B/1C. Once Event 1A/1C meets the reporting range of
quality standards, the UE will report Event 1A/1C periodically
until this event does not meet reporting conditions or the
reporting times reach the maximum allowed times.
Range and （0， 250， 500， 1000， 2000， 4000， 8000，16000）ms
Step
Default UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH Ec/No: [2000, 2000,
Value 2000, -, -, -, 2000] ms
UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH RSCP: [2000, 2000,
2000, -, -, -, 2000] ms
Intra-frquence Measurement Configuration-> Reporting
Interval for Event 1A/1B/1C/1J(ms)
Reporting Deactivation Threshold for Event 1A
Parameter RptDeactThr
Name
Description This parameter indicates the maximum number of the cells
allowed in the active set. When the UE detects that one cell in
the monitoring set satisfies the trigger threshold of event 1A,
it determines whether the number of the cells in the current
active set greater than the value indicated by this parameter
at first. If yes, the event 1A is not triggered.
Range and （0， 1， 2， 3， 4， 5， 6， 7）
Step
Default UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH Ec/No: [2, -, -, -, -, -, -]
Value UE Event Report Parameters for CPICH RSCP: [2, -, -, -, -, -, -]
Intra-frquence Measurement Configuration-> Reporting
Deactivation Threshold for Event 1A

Detected Set Handover Switch
Parameter DetSetHoSwch
Name
Description The measurement control message that contains the detected
set information is sent only when the DetSetHO switch of the
best cell in the current active set is set to 1 and the current
number of intra-frequency neighbouring cells is less than 32.
Range and 0: Closed
Step 1: Open
Default 1: Open
Value
Advanced Parameter->Utran Cell->Detected Set Handover
Switch

Contents

Carrier evaluation standard
 NA j 
Q frequencyj  10  LogM frequency j  W j  10  Log   Mi j   (1  W j )  10  LogM Best j
 i 1 
 Qfrequency j: Refers to active set quality of carrier j, that is, the
measurement result of carrier j.
 Mfrequency j: Refers to the physical measurement value of the active set of
carrier j.
 Mi j: Refers to the physical measurement value of cell i of carrier j.
 NA j: Refers to the number of cells (excluding best cell) in the active set
of carrier j.
 MBest j: Refers to the measurement result of the best cell in the active set
of carrier j.
 Wj: Refers to the weight of the best cell in the active set of carrier j
during carrier measurement.

Inter-frequency measurement events
 A series of inter-frequency measurement events are defined in

3GPP as the judgment and trigger criteria for inter-frequency
handover:
 Event 2A: The best carrier frequency changes.
 Event 2B: The quality of working carrier frequency is lower than a threshold
and that of non-working carrier frequency is higher than a threshold.
 Event 2C: The quality of non-working carrier frequency is higher than a
threshold.
 Event 2D: The quality of working carrier frequency is lower than a threshold.
 Event 2E: The quality of non-working carrier frequency is lower than a
threshold.
 Event 2F: The quality of working carrier frequency is higher than a threshold.

Event 2A
Q NotBest  Q Best  H 2a /2
 QNotBest: Refers to the measurement result of current
non-best carrier frequency.
 QBest: Refers to the measurement result of current best
carrier frequency.
 H2a: Refers to handover decision hysteresis parameter
of Event 2A.

Event 2A
2A
Ec_f2
H2a/2
Ec_f1
2A
t

Event 2B
QNon used  TNon used 2b  H2b /2 and Q Used  TUsed 2b  H 2b /2

 QNon used: Refers to the measurement result of current non-
working carrier frequency.
 TNon used 2b: Refers to the absolute threshold of good quality of
non-working carrier frequency in Event 2B decision.
 H2b: Refers to handover decision hysteresis parameter of Event
2B.
 QUsed: Refers to the measurement result of current working
carrier frequency.
 TUsed 2b: Refers to the absolute threshold of poor quality of
working carrier frequency in Event 2B decision.
Event 2B
2A
Ec_f2
Tnon used 2b+ H2b/2
Tused 2b- H2b/2
Ec_f1
2B t

Event 2C
Q Non used  TNon used 2c  H 2c /2
 QNon used: Refers to the measurement result of current

non-working carrier frequency.
 TNon used 2c: Refers to the absolute threshold of good
quality of non-working carrier frequency in Event 2C
decision.
 H2c: Refers to handover decision hysteresis parameter
of Event 2C.

Event 2C
Ec_f1
Ec_f2
Tnon used 2b+ H2c/2
t
2C

Event 2D
Q Used  TUsed 2d  H 2d /2
 QUsed: Refers to the measurement result of current
 TUsed 2d: Refers to the absolute threshold of poor
quality of working carrier frequency in Event 2D
decision.
 H2d: Refers to handover decision hysteresis parameter
of Event 2D.

Event 2E
Q Non used  TNon used 2e  H2e /2
 QNon used: Refers to the measurement result of current

non-working carrier frequency.
 TNon used 2e: Refers to the absolute threshold of good
quality of non-working carrier frequency in Event 2E
decision.
 H2e: Refers to handover decision hysteresis parameter.

Event 2F
QUsed  TUsed 2f  H2f /2

 QUsed: Refers to the measurement result of current
 TUsed 2f: Refers to the absolute threshold of poor
quality of working carrier frequency in Event 2F
decision.
 H2f: Refers to handover decision hysteresis parameter
of Event 2F.

Compressed Mode Enabling/Disabling
 Among all inter-frequency measurement events, Event 2D and

Event 2F only involve measurement of working carrier
frequencies, so the compressed mode is not required during
measurement and extra overhead will not be brought about to
both UE and RNC. The compressed mode can be enabled and
disabled based on the definition of 2D/2F.

Event of inter-frequency handover
 The same cell can only use one of Event 2A, Event 2B and Event
2C to trigger inter-frequency handover. Which of the three
events will be used is based on the inter-frequency handover
recommendation strategy parameter InterHoTactic.

Handling of Event 2E
 All non-working carrier frequencies report Event 2E, indicating

that radio quality of all inter-frequency adjacent cells is poor and
UMTS system quality deteriorates. Issue the Inter-RAT
measurement Event 3A/3C.

Inter-Frequency Handover

Inter-Frequency Handover
RSCP
Ec_f2
Ec_f1
2F 2D
2D 2F 2D 2A t

Intra-RNC Hard Handover
UE NODEB2 NODEB1 RNC
RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST
RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE

Inter-RNC Hard Handover
UE SNODE B DNODE B SRNC DRNC CN
R ELO C A TIO N R EQ U IR ED
R ELO C A TIO N R EQ U EST
R A D IO LIN K SETU P R EQ U EST
R A D IO LIN K SETU P R ESPO N SE
R ELO C A TIO N R EQ U EST A C K N O W LED G E
R ELO C A TIO N C O M M A N D
PH Y SIC A L C H A N N EL R EC O N FIG U R A TIO N
R A D IO LIN K R ESTO R E IN D IC A TIO N
R ELO C A TIO N D ETEC T
PH Y SIC A L C H A N N EL R EC O N FIG U R A TIO N C O M PLETE

R ELO C A TIO N C O M PLETE
IU R ELEA SE C O M M A N D
IU R ELEA SE C O M PLETE
R A D IO LIN K D ELETIO N R EQ U EST

R A D IO LIN K D ELETIO N R ESPO N SE

Filter Coefficient (Inter)
Parameter FilterCoeff(Inter)
Name
the L3 filtering on the measurement results of the inter-
frequency measurement. The smaller the value of the filtering
factor is, the larger effect the current measurement result will
have on the measurement result reported to RNC (periodical
report) or the judgment (event report).
Range and （0， 1， 2， 3， 4， 5， 6， 7， 8， 9，11，13，15，17，19）
Step
Default UE Inter-frequency Event Report Parameters for CPICH Ec/No:
Value 3
UE Inter-frequency Event Report Parameters for CPICH RSCP:
3
Inter-frequence Measurement Configuration-> Filter
Coefficient
Measurement Priority of Neighboring Cell (Inter)
Parameter MeasPrio(Inter)
Name
Description The priority of a neighbouring cell can be set to 0, 1, and 2, of
which, 0 represents the highest priority and 2 represents the
lowest priority. The priority of the neighbouring is set by the
configuration personnel according to the signal strength and
the distance of the neighboring cell.
Step
Default 0
Value
>Neighbouring Cell-> Neighbouring Cell XXX->Measurement
Priority of Neighboring Cell

Report Criteria (Inter)
Parameter RptCrt(Inter)
Name
Description This parameter indicates the criteria of reporting the inter-
frequency measurement, including the Event Reporting and
periodical reporting.
Range and 1: Inter-frequency Event Reporting Criteria
Step 2: Periodical Reporting Criteria
Value Inter-frequency Event Reporting Criteria
Inter-frequency Event Reporting Criteria
Inter-frquence Measurement Configuration-> Report Criteria

Measurement Quantity (Inter)
Parameter MeasQuantity(Inter)
Name
inter-frequency measurement that UE performs.
Range and 0： CPICH Ec/No
Step 1： CPICH RSCP
Value CPICH Ec/No
CPICH RSCP
Inter-frquence Measurement Configuration-> Measurement
Quantity

Weight of the Currently Used Frequency for
2A/2B/2D/2F
Parameter Wused
Name
Description This parameter is used for quality judgment of the currently
used carrier frequency. It indicates the weight of the best RNC
in the quality judgment (only for event 2a/2b/2d/2f) and is
related to the measurement quantity and the event type.
Range and ［0.0，2.0］
Step step 0.1
Value [0.0, 0.0, 0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0]
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0]
Inter-frequence Measurement Configuration-> Weight of the
Currently Used Frequency for 2A/2B/2D/2F

Absolute Threshold of the Quality of the
Currently Used Frequency for 2B/2D/2F
Parameter ThreshUsedFreq
Name
Description This parameter indicates the absolute threshold that should
be configured for event 2b/2d/2f.In the case of event 2D, the
less the threshold configured, the more difficult the event 2D
been triggered. In the case of event 2F, the less the threshold
configured, the easier the event 2F been triggered.
Range and CPICH RSCP：［-115，-25］dBm step 1dBm
Step CPICH Ec/No：［-24，0］dB step 1dB
Value [-24,-13, -24,-13,-24,-8]dB
[-115,-95, -115,-95,-115,-80]dBm
Inter-frequence Measurement Configuration-> Absolute
Threshold of the Quality of the Currently Used Frequency for
2B/2D/2F
Hysteresis (Inter)
Parameter Hysteresis(Inter)
Name
Description This parameter indicates the hysteresis used when judging
whether to trigger the event. This parameter avoids the
trigger status change due to very small change. Different
events are configured separately and the events can be
configured with different values.
Range and ［0，14.5］dB step 0.5dB
Step
Value [4,4,4,4,4,4]dB
[4,4,4,4,4,4]dB
Inter-frequence Measurement Configuration-> Hysteresis(dB)

Time to Trigger (Inter)
Parameter TrigTime(Inter)
Name
the event is reported. The event is triggered and the
measurement report is reported only when the event
generation is detected and still meets the requirements of
event triggering after Time to trigger.
Range and （0， 10， 20， 40， 60， 80， 100， 120， 160， 200， 240，
Step 320， 640， 1280， 2560， 5000）ms
Value [100,100,100,640,100,640]
[100,100,100,640,100,640]
Inter-frequency Measurement Configuration-> Time to
Trigger(ms)
Inter- frequency Handover Tactic
Parameter InterHoTactic
Name
Description This parameter indicates the event that is used to trigger the
inter-frequency handover. The default value of the parameter
is 2A, that is, the handover can be triggered when the
conditions for best carrier frequency change are satisfied.
Range and 0: Algorithm Deciding
Step 1: 2A Event Trigger
2: 2B Event Trigger
3: 2C Event Trigger
Default 1: 2A Event Trigger
Value
Advanced Parameter->Utran Cell-> Inter- frequency
Handover Tactic

Share Cover Indication
Parameter ShareCover
Name
Description This parameter describes the neighboring relationship of the
current cell and the neighboring cell. The relationship
between the neighbouring cell and the current cell may be
Neighbor, Overlap, Covers, or Contained in.
Range and 0: Neighbor
Step 1: Overlap
2: Covers
3: Contained in
Default 0: Neighbor
Value
>Neighbouring Cell->Neighbouring Cell XXX -> Share Cover
Indication

Inter Frequency or Inter RAT Handover Switch
Parameter IfOrRatHoSwch
Name
Description This parameter indicates how to perform neighbor
measurement if a cell has both inter-frequency and inter-RAT
cells as its neighbors.
Range and 0: Turn off Inter-frequency and Inter-RAT Handover
Step 1: Only Inter Frequency
2: Only Inter Rat
3: Inter Frequency is Prior to Inter Rat
Default 3: Inter Frequency is Prior to Inter Rat
Value
Advanced Parameter->Utran Cell->Inter Frequency or Inter
RAT Handover Switch

Contents

Inter-RAT Transition State Diagram

Inter-RAT measurement events
 3GPP defies a series of Inter-RAT measurement events. An UE

reports the corresponding events when defined conditions are
met.
 3A: The currently used UTRAN carrier quality is lower than a threshold, and
the quality of other radio systems is higher than a threshold. It is used for
decision of Inter-RAT handover.
 3C: The quality of other radio systems is higher than a threshold. It can be
used for Inter-RAT handover decision.

Event 3A
Q Used  TUsed  H 3a /2 and MOther RAT  CIOOther RAT  TOther RAT  H3a /2
 Qused: indicates the estimated quality of the used frequency of
the UTRAN.
 Tused: indicates the absolute threshold of the currently used
frequency difference.
 H3a: is the hysteresis parameter for 3A event decision.
 MOther RAT: is the quality measurement result of other systems.
 CIOOther RAT: is the quality offset of other system cells.
 TOther RAT: is the absolute threshold of other systems.

Event 3C
MOther RAT  CIOOther RAT  TOther RAT  H3c /2
 MOther RAT: is the quality measurement result of other

systems.
 CIOOther RAT: is the quality offset of other system cells.
 TOther RAT: is the absolute threshold of other systems.
 H3c: is the hysteresis parameter for 3C event decision.

Processing of Inter-RAT Events
 In a cell, inter-RAT handover can only be triggered by 3A or 3C

event, which is controlled by Inter-RAT handover tactic
RatHoTactic.
 When only PS service exists, adopt cell reselection process of PS
service handover.
 When CS service and PS service exist simultaneity, suspend PS
service firstly, then handover CS service to GSM and handover PS
service to GSM in sequence.

Inter-RAT Handover
 The RNC transmits the 2D ad 2F event configuration to the UE

when the service is set up. If the UE reports a 2D event, that is,
the current carrier is in poor signal quality, the UE reports a 2E
event after inter-frequency measurement is started (that is, the
signal quality of the measured inter-frequency neighboring cell is
also poor), the RNC needs to configure and start Inter-RAT
measurement 3A or 3C event to the UE, and then performs the
corresponding decision process for Inter-RAT handover
according to the 3A, or 3C event subsequently reported by the
UE.

Inter-RAT Handover
CPICHRSCP/
RSSI
UMTS Cell Reporting
Event 3a
ThreshSys 3a + Hysteresis 3a /2
ThreshUsedFreq 2d – Hysteresis 2d /2
Thresh 3a – Hysteresis 3a /2
GSM Cell
Reporting
TrigTime2d Event 2d TrigTime3a
Perform measurement of Perform Inter-RAT

GSM/GPRS neighbor cell Time
handover

Inter-RAT Handover
RSCP
GSM
3A(G) Ec_f1
2F 2D 3A(W)
2D 2F 2D 3A t

Inter-frequency + Inter-RAT Handover
RSCP
GSM
3A(G Ec_f1
2F 2D ) 2E
3A(W Ec_f2
)
2D 2F 2D 2E 3A t

UMTS to GSM CS service handover

UMTS to GSM PS service handover
UE NODE B SRNC CN
CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN
IU RELEASE COMMAND
IU RELEASE COMPLETE
RADIO LINK DELETE REQUEST
RADIO LINK DELETE RESPONSE

UTRAN Filter Coefficient(Rat)
Parameter FilterCoeff(Rat)
Name
the L3 filtering on the UTRAN measurement results of the
inter-RAT measurement. The smaller the filtering factor, the
larger the effect of the measurement on the final result.
Range and （0， 1， 2， 3， 4， 5， 6， 7， 8， 9，11，13，15，17，19）
Step
Default UE Event Report Parameters for Own System CPICH Ec/No: 3
Value UE Event Report Parameters for Own System CPICH RSCP: 3
Inter-Rat Measurement Configuration Information->UTRAN
Filter Coefficient

GSM Filter Coefficient(Rat)
Parameter GsmFilterCoeff
Name
the L3 filtering on the GSM measurement results of the inter-
RAT measurement. The smaller the filtering factor, the larger
the effect of the measurement on the final result.
Range and （0， 1， 2， 3， 4， 5， 6， 7， 8， 9，11，13，15，17，19）
Step
Default UE Event Report Parameters for Own System CPICH Ec/No: 3
Value UE Event Report Parameters for Own System CPICH RSCP: 3
Inter-Rat Measurement Configuration Information->GSM
Filter Coefficient

Measurement Priority of Neighboring GSM Cell
Parameter MeasPrio(Rat)
Name
neighboring cell. 0 presents the highest priority and 2
presents the lowest priority. This parameter should be
configured by the network planning engineer according to
the actual conditions of the current network, including the
quality and geographic position of the inter-RAT
neighbouring cell.
Step
Default 0
Value
on Path Resource Management->Utran Cell->Utran Cell XXX->GSM
Neighbouring Cell->GSM Neighbouring Cell XXX->
Measurement Priority of Neighboring GSMCell

Report Criteria
Parameter RptCrt(Rat)
Name
Description This parameter indicates the criteria of reporting the inter-RAT
measurement, including the Event Reporting and Periodical
Reporting.
Range and 1: Inter-RAT Event Reporting Criteria
Step 2: Periodical Reporting Criteria
Default UE Event Report Parameters for Own System CPICH Ec/No:
Value Inter-RAT Event Reporting Criteria
UE Event Report Parameters for Own System CPICH RSCP:
Inter-RAT Event Reporting Criteria
Inter-Rat Measurement Configuration Information-> Report
Criteria

UTRAN Measurement quantity
Parameter OwnMeasQuantity
Name
inter-RAT measurement that UE performs. After a new inter-
RAT measurement configuration index is added, the
measurement quantity is fixed when the function of the set of
the inter-RAT measurement parameters is selected.
Range and 0: CPICH Ec/No
Step 1: CPICH RSCP
Value CPICH Ec/No
CPICH RSCP
Inter-Rat Measurement Configuration Information->UTRAN
Measurement quantity
Weight of the UTRAN System for 3A
Parameter W(Rat)
Name
Description This parameter indicates the weight of the best cell in the
quality judgment of event 3a. It is used in judging the quality
of the UTRAN system in inter-RAT measurement.
Range and [0.0, 2.0], step 0.1
Step
Default UE Event Report Parameters for Own System CPICH Ec/No: [0,
Value -, -, -]
UE Event Report Parameters for Own System CPICH RSCP: [0,
-, -, -]
Inter-RAT Measurement Configuration Information->Weight
of the UTRAN System for 3A

Absolute Threshold of the Quality of UTRAN Cell
for 3A
Parameter Thresh(Rat)
Name
Description This parameter indicates the absolute threshold of the UTRAN
cell quality that is used by UE to judge event 3a. The range
and unit of the parameter are related to the measurement
quantity of the cells of the UTRAN system. The smaller the
value configured, the more difficult the event 3a been
reported.
Range and CPICH RSCP: [-115, -25] dBm, step 1dBm
Step CPICH Ec/No: [-24, 0] dB, step 1dB
Default UE Event Report Parameters for Own System CPICH Ec/No: [-6,
Value -24,-24,-24]
UE Event Report Parameters for Own System CPICH RSCP: [-
95, -115,-115,-115]
Inter-RAT Measurement Configuration Information->Absolute
Threshold of the Quality of UTRAN Cell for 3A
Absolute Threshold of the Quality of Other RAT
for 3A/3B/3C
Parameter ThreshSys
Name
Description This parameter indicates the absolute threshold used when
judging the quality of other RAT configured for event 3a/3b/3c.
The value range and unit of this parameter are related to the
measurement quantity of the cells of other systems. At present,
the measurement quantity can only be GSM Carrier RSSI of the
GSM system, which corresponds to the CPICH RSCP of the UMTS
system.
Range and CPICH RSCP：［-115，-25］dBm step 1dBm
Step CPICH Ec/No：［-24，0］ dB step 1dB
Default UE Event Report Parameters for Own System CPICH Ec/No: [-90, -
Value 95, -95, -115] dBm
UE Event Report Parameters for Own System CPICH RSCP: [-90, -
95, -95, -115] dBm
Configuratio View->Configuration Management->RNC NE->RNC Radio
n Path Resource Management-> Modify Advanced Parameter->UE Inter-
RAT Measurement Configuration Information-> Absolute
Threshold of the Quality of Other RAT for 3A/3B/3C
Hysteresis(Rat)
Parameter Hysteresis(Rat)
Name
Description This parameter indicates the hysteresis used when judging
whether the event meets the conditions of been triggered.
This parameter is related to the measurement quantity and
the event type. If a small hysteresis is configured, the
corresponding event will be reported in a high probability;
and vice versa.
Range and [0., 7.5] dB, step 0.5 dB
Step
Value [4,4,2,4] dB
[4,4,4,4] dB
Inter-RAT Measurement Configuration Information->
Hysteresis
Cell individual offset(gsmRelation)
Parameter CellIndivOffset(gsmRelation)
Name
Description This parameter indicates the individual offset of GSM cells.
When the value is positive, a positive value is added to the
measurement result to be judged. If the value is negative, a
negative value is added to the measurement result to be
judged. Through the configuration of the individual offset of
a single cell, the trigger difficulty of the cell can be adjusted
to meet the actual requirements of network planning, thus
avoiding the need to modify the global handover parameters.
Range and [-10, 10] dB, step 0.5
Step
Default 0dB
Value
on Path Resource Management->External GSM Cell->GSM Cell XXX-
>Modify Advanced Parameter->Cell Individual Offset(dB)
Time to Trigger(Rat)
Parameter TrigTime(Rat)
Name
the event is reported. The event can be triggered and
reported only when the event is detected and still meets all
requirements of event triggering after Time to trigger. The
larger the value is, the stricter the judgment is for the event to
be triggered.
Range and (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 640, 1280,
Step 2560, 5000) ms
Value [100,100,100,100] ms
[100,100,100,100] ms
Inter-RAT Measurement Configuration Information-> Time to
Trigger
Inter-Rat Handover Tactic
Parameter RatHoTactic
Name
Description Event 3C can be triggered when the quality of the inter-RAT
carrier frequency signal is higher than a certain value. In
contrast, the trigger of event 3A requires an additional
condition, that is, the quality of the carrier frequency signal of
the current RAT must be less than a certain value. Hence, the
inter-RAT handover can be triggered more easily when the
parameter is set to 3C Event Trigger.
Range and 0: Algorithm Deciding
Step 1: 3A Event Trigger
2: 3C Event Trigger
Default 1: 3A Event Trigger
Value
Advanced Parameter->Utran Cell->Inter-RAT Handover Tactic
Share Cover Indication
Parameter GsmShareCover
Name
Description This parameter indicates the neighboring relationship of the
current cell and GSM neighboring cell, including Neighbor,
Overlap, Covers, and Contained in.
Range and 0: Neighbor
Step 1: Overlap
2: Covers
3: Contained in
Default 0: Neighbor
Value
on Path Resource Management->Utran Cell->Utran Cell XXX->GSM
Neighbouring Cell-> GSM Neighbouring Cell XXX ->Share
Cover Indication

GERAN Cell Indicator
Parameter GeranCellInd
Name
Description This parameter indicates whether the cell is a GERAn cell.
Range and 0: Not GERAN Cell
Step 1: GERAN Cell
Default N/A
Value
on Path Resource Management->External GSM Cell->GSM Cell XXX-
>GERAN Cell Indicator

PS Inter-System Handover Indicator
Parameter PsInterSysHoSupp
Name
Description This parameter indicates whether RNC supports PS inter-RAT
handover. 0 indicates not support, 1 indicates support.
Range and Not Support
Step Support
Default Not Support
Value
on Path Resource Management-> RNC Configuration Supplement
Information ->PS Inter-System Handover Indicator

Inter-System DTM Support Indicator
Parameter DtmSuppInd
Name
Description This parameter indicates whether RNC supports DTM mode,
that is whether supports inter-RAT handover both for CS
domain services and PS domain services at the same time. 0
indicates not support, 1 indicates support.
Range and Not Support
Step Support
Default Not Support
Value
on Path Resource Management-> RNC Configuration Supplement
Information ->Inter-System DTM Support Indicator

Handover to GSM Penalty Timer
Parameter HoToGsmPenTimer
Name
Description When handover from UMTS to GSM is failed, the timer
initiates, and RNC will not handle inter-RAT measurement
report until the timer is expiry.
Range and [0,65535]s step 1s
Step
Default 20s
Value
on Path Resource Management-> Modify Advanced Parameter-> RNC
Radio Resource Management->Handover to GSM Penalty
Timer

Timer for Stopping Inter-frequency Measurement
and Activating Inter-RAT Measurement
Parameter T4StpIfMeaActRat
Name
Description This parameter indicates the time interval of issuing inter-
frequency measurement and inter-RAT measurement. When
RNC issues inter-frequency measurement, the timer is start. If
the quality of non-used frequency is bad during the time
length indicated by this parameter, RNC will issue inter-RAT
measurement if there is an inter-RAT neighboring cell. The
larger the value is, the slower the inter-RAT measurement is
initialized, and vice versa.
Range and (0…20)s
Step
Default 5
Value
on Path Resource Management-> Modify Advanced Parameter->RNC
Radio Resource Management->Timer for Stopping Inter-
frequency Measurement and Activating Inter-RAT
Measurement
UMTS Radio Network KPI
Contents
 KPI Classification
 RAN KPI Definition and Measurement
 KPI Optimization
 KPI monitor
 KPI Case study
KPI Overview
 NetNumen™M31 (RAN) Mobile Network Element Management

System is ZTE Element Management System of operation and
management for one or more NEs. (FM, PM, CM)
 Performance Monitor (according to the importance and usage):
 KPI
 PI: Performance Indicator
 SPI: statistical performance indicator: with statistical rule such as call
completion rate>95%.
 Customized performance index
 EMS KPI Monitor Tools:

 Performance management
 Fault Management
 Configuration Management

RAN KPI Category
Coverage Class Mobility Class

Capacity Class
 Coverage Probability  RNC Soft Handover
 CS Capacity Success rate
 PS Capacity  Inter-Frequency Hard
 Cell UL Load Factor Handover Success rate
 Block Call rate  Inter-RAT Hard Handover
 … Success rate (CS domain and
PS domain)
…
QoS Class
RAN KPI Class
Resource Usage Class
 RRC Establishment success
 Trouble Cell rate rate
 Busy Cell rate  RAB Establishment success
 Sleeping Cell rate rate
 …  Radio Access Success Rate
 Call drop rate
 Average UL/DL Throughput
 RTT Ping with 32 Bytes
…
Contents
 KPI monitor
 KPI Case study
Coverage Probability
Indicator Indicator Indicator

Signaling Flow
Description Definition Extension
 Statistic Period：－
 Statistic Area：Clutter-wise
 Indoor or Outdoor：BOTH
 Measurement Methods：DT or CQT
 Index Meaning：The coverage probability reflects the RF
coverage strength and RF signal quality.

Coverage Probability

Signaling Flow
 Downlink: F=RSCP > R & Ec/Io > S

 Uplink: TxPwr < T
 Coverage Probability is defined as the percentage of the
 samples
 whose F=1 for all the measured samples
 (Note：Unreasonable samples are not included）
R and S are different for different services

RRC Establishment Success Rate

Signaling Flow
 Statistic Period :15 Mins, 30 Mins,1 Hour…. 1Day….

 Statistic Area ：cell-wise
 Indoor or Outdoor：BOTH
 Measurement Method：calculate based on the OMC Counters’
value
 Indicator Meaning：this indicator reflects the accessibility of the
Cell


Signaling Flow
 RRC Establishment Success Rate＝RRC Connection Setup

Complete Times/RRC Connection Request Times×100%


Signaling Flow
RRC Connection Setup

Request Times

Complete Times

RAB Establishment Success Rate

Signaling Flow
 Statistic Period : 15 Mins, 30 Mins,1 Hour…. 1 Day….

 Statistic Area: RNC & Cell-wise
 Indoor or Outdoor: BOTH
 Measurement Method: calculate based on the OMC Counters’
value
 Indicator Meaning: RAB assignment is the last step of the service
connection. If it is successfully assigned, the connection to the
User Panel is Successfully Setup


Signaling Flow
 Outgoing Conversation Service RRC Establishment Success Rate

 Outgoing Streaming Service RRC Establishment Success Rate
 Outgoing Interactive Service RRC Establishment Success Rate
 Outgoing Background Service RRC Establishment Success Rate
 Incoming Conversation Service RRC Establishment Success Rate
 Incoming Streaming Service RRC Establishment Success Rate
 Incoming Interactive Service RRC Establishment Success Rate
 Incoming Background Service RRC Establishment Success Rate


Signaling Flow
 RAB Establishment Success rate＝（CS RAB Assignment Success

Times+PS RAB Assignment Success Times）/(CS RAB Assignment
Request Times＋PS RAB Assignment Request Times）×100%

Signaling Flow
RAB Assignment
Request Times
RAB Assignment
Success Times


Signaling Flow
 CS RAB Establishment Success rate

 PS RAB Establishment Success rate
 AMR RAB Establishment Success rate
 CS C 64/64 RAB Establishment Success rate
 PS I 64/64 RAB Establishment Success rate
 ……


Signaling Flow
 Statistic Period: 15 Mins, 30 Mins, 1 Hour…. 1 Day….

 Statistic Area: Cell-wise
 Measurement Method: calculate based on the OMC counters’
value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the accessibility of the
service of the Cell

Radio Access Success Rate

Signaling Flow
 Call Setup Success Rate＝RRC Establishment Success Rate

(Service Related)×RAB Establishment Success rate×100%

Signaling Flow
RRC Establishment
Success Rate
RAB
Establishment
Success Rate


Signaling Flow
 AMR Call Setup Success rate

 CS C 64/64 Call Setup Success rate
 PS I 64/64 Call Setup Success rate
 PS S 64/64 Call Setup Success rate
 ……

Call Drop Rate

Signaling Flow
 Statistic Period: 15 Mins, 30 Mins, 1 Hour…. 1Day….

 Statistic Area: RNC & Cell-wise
value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the Retainability of the
network, it is one of the most important indicators of the
customer’s experience.

Call Drop Rate

Signaling Flow
 Call Drop Rate＝（RNC Triggered CS RAB Release Number＋RNC

Triggered PS RAB Release Number）/(Total RAB Release number
for CS+ Total RAB Release number for PS)×100%

Call Drop Rate

Signaling Flow
RNC Triggered RAB

Release Times
RNC CN
RAB
RELEASE REQ UEST

Call Drop Rate

Signaling Flow
 CS Call Drop rate

 PS Call Drop rate
 AMR Call Drop rate
 CS C 64/64 Call Drop rate
 PS 64/64 Call Drop rate
 ……

Call Blocking Rate

Signaling Flow
.
 Statistic Period: 15 Mins, 30 Mins, 1 Hour…. 1Day
 Statistic Area: Cell-wise
value
 Indicator Meaning: Rate of blocked calls due to resource
shortage.
 This index partially reflects the degree of congestion in the cell.

Call Blocking Rate

Signaling Flow
 Call Blocking Rate ＝ The number of blocked calls/ The number

of call admission requests Times×100%

Soft Handover Success Rate

Signaling Flow
 Statistic Period: 15 Mins, 30Mins, 1Hour…. 1Day

 Statistic Area: RNC-wise
value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the soft handover
mobility in the RNC control area.


Signaling Flow
 Soft Handover Success Rate＝（Soft Handover Attempted Times

－Soft Handover Failure Times）/Soft Handover Attempted
Times×100%

Signaling Flow
UE Success flow UTRAN
ACTIVE SET UPDATE

Soft Handover
A Attempted Times
ACTIVE SET UPDATE COMPLETE
B
UE Failure Flow UTRAN
Soft Handover Failure Times.

ACTIVE SET UPDATE
A
ACTIVE SET UPDATE FAILURE

B


Signaling Flow
 Configuration unsupported failure caused handover failure rate

 Physical channel failure caused handover failure rate
 Incompatible simultaneous reconfiguration caused handover
failure rate
 Protocol error caused handover failure rate
 Cell update occurred caused handover failure rate
 Invalid configuration caused handover failure rate
 No reply caused handover failure rate
 ……

Inter-Frequency Hard Handover Success Rate

Signaling Flow
 Statistic Period: 15Mins, 30Mins, 1Hour…. 1Day

 Statistic Area: cell-wise
value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the hard handover
mobility in the RNC control area.

Signaling Flow
 Inter-Frequency Hard Handover Success Rate＝（Inter-Frequency

Hard Handover Attempted Times－ Inter-Frequency Hard
Handover Failure Times ）/ Inter-Frequency Hard Handover
Attempted Times ×100%
Inter-Frequency Hard Handover should Include Intra-RNC Hard Handover

and Inter-RNC Hard Handover

Signaling Flow
UE Success Flow SRNC
Inter-frequency hard
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION handover Attempted
times
Intra-RNC
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
Inter-Frequency
Hard Handover
Flow
UE Failure Flow SRNC
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION
Inter-frequency hard
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION FAILURE
handover failure times

Inter-RNC
Inter-Frequency
Hard Handover
Flow
Sent from SRNC
Feedback to
DRNC

Signaling Flow
 Configuration unsupported caused intra-NodeB inter-frequency hard handover

failure rate
 Configuration unsupported caused intra-RNC inter-frequency hard handover
failure rate
 Configuration unsupported caused inter-RNC inter-frequency hard handover
failure rate
 Physical channel failure caused intra-NodeB inter-frequency hard handover
failure rate
 Physical channel failure caused intra-RNC inter-frequency hard handover failure
rate
 Physical channel failure caused inter-RNC inter-frequency hard handover failure
rate
 ……
Inter-RAT CS Outgoing Handover Success rate
（UMTS->GSM）
Signaling Flow
 Statistic Period: 15Mins, 30Mins, 1Hour…., 1Day

 Statistic Area: cell-wise or RNC-wise
 Measurement Method：Calculate based on OMC Counters’
value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the Inter-RAT CS
handover mobility, the handover is from UMTS system to GSM
system

Inter-RAT CS Outgoing Handover Success Rate
（UMTS->GSM）
Signaling Flow
 CS Inter-RAT Handover Success Rate（UMTS->GSM）＝1－CS

Inter-RAT Handover From UTRAN Failure Times/CS Inter-RAT
Handover From UTRAN Required Times×100%

（UMTS->GSM）
Signaling Flow
Success Flow
UE RNC CN 2GMC CS Inter-RAT Handover
Relocation From UTRAN Required
required Prepare handover Times
Relocation Prepare handover
Handover from
command response
UTRAN
command
Handover complete
UE UTRAN
Failure Flow
HANDOVER FROM UTRAN COMMAND
CS Inter-RAT Handover From

UTRAN Failure Times, if the
handover is failed, RNC will HANDOVER FROM UTRAN FAILURE
receive this message

（UMTS->GSM）

Signaling Flow
 Configuration unsupported caused CS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure

rate
 Physical channel failure caused CS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure rate
 Configuration incomplete caused CS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure rate
 Protocol error caused CS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure rate
 Cell update occurred caused CS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure rate
 Invalid configuration caused CS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure rate
 No reply caused CS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure rate
 ……

Inter-RAT PS Outgoing Handover Success Rate
（UMTS->GPRS）

Signaling Flow
 Statistic Period: 15Mins, 30Mins, 1Hour…. 1Day

value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the Inter-RAT handover
mobility, the handover is from UMTS system to GPRS system.

（UMTS->GPRS）

Signaling Flow
 PS Inter-RAT Handover Success Rate（UMTS->GPRS）＝1－PS

Inter-RAT Handover From UTRAN Failure Times/PS Inter-RAT
Handover From UTRAN Required Times×100%

（UMTS->GPRS）
Signaling Flow
Success Flow
UE NODEB RNC 3G SGSN
Cell change order from UTRAN Iu Release

Command
RL Del Req
PS Inter-RAT handover
RL Del Resp from UTRAN required
Times
Iu Release
Complete
UE Failure Flow UTRAN
PS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN
times. If the RNC received this message, or
response message of Iu Release Command
is not CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN FAILURE
received by RNC, it means the PS handover
from
UTRAN
© ZTE Corporation. is failed.
All rights reserved
Inter-RAT outgoing PS Handover Success Rate
（UMTS->GPRS）
Signaling Flow
 configuration unsupported caused PS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure

rate
 physical channel failure caused PS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure rate
 configuration incomplete caused PS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure rate
 protocol error caused PS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure rate
 cell update occurred caused PS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure rate
 invalid configuration caused PS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure rate
 No reply caused PS Inter-RAT handover from UTRAN failure rate
 ……

Inter-RAT Incoming PS Handover Success Rate
（GPRS->UMTS）
Signaling Flow

value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the Inter-RAT handover
mobility, the handover is from GRRS system to UMTS system.

（GPRS->UMTS）

Signaling Flow
 PS Inter-RAT Handover to UTRAN Success rate（GPRS->UMTS）

＝PS Inter-RAT Handover to UTRAN Success Times/PS Inter-RAT
Handover to UTRAN Attempted Times×100%

(GPRS->UMTS）
Signaling Flow
UE Serving RNC CN
The flow of PS Inter-

1. UE initiated signaling connection establishment RAT handover to
UTRAN is similar to
the PS setup flow on
the UTRAN Side
2. Direct Transfer
3. Radio Access Bearer Establishment
RNC received message RRC Connection Request（from UE, the cause is

Inter-RAT cell reselection）can be used for calculating the PS Inter-RAT
handover to UTRAN required times；RNC received message RRC
Connection Complete (From UE) can be used for calculating the PS
Inter-RAT handover to UTRAN success times
CS12.2K Service Access Time
Signaling Flow
 Statistic Period: －
 Statistic Area: －
 Measurement Method：DT&CQT
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the integrity of CS 12.2K
service. It is one of the most important indicators of the


Signaling Flow
 CS12.2K Service Access Time＝Average [T（CC Alert)－T（ RRC

Connection Request ）]

Signaling Flow
UE RNS CN Incoming CN
RRC Connection Request
RRC Connection Setup T（RRC Connection Request）

RRC Connection Setup Complete
CN Signaling Connection Process

RRC DT(CM Service Request)
Authority and Safe Mode Process

RRC DT(Setup)
RRC DT(Call Proceeding)
RAB Assignment Process

ISUP IAM
T（CC Alert） CN Bear Setup Process
RRC DT (Alert) ISUP ACM
RRC DT(Connect) ISUP ANM
RRC DT(Connect ACK)
Service data （talking…）
CS64K Service Access Time
Signaling Flow
 Measurement Method： DT&CQT
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the integrity of CS 64K


Signaling Flow
 CS64K Service Access Time＝Average [T（RRC Request)－T（CM

Service Request）]

Signaling Flow
RRC Connection Request
RRC Connection Setup T（RRC Connection Request）

CN Signaling Connection Process

RRC DT(CM Service Request)
Authority and Safe Mode Process

RRC DT (Setup)
RRC DT (Call Proceeding)

ISUP IAM
T（CC Alert） CN bear setup process
RRC DT (Connect) ISUP ANM
RRC DT (Connect ACK)
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved Service data （talking…）
PS Service Access Time
Signaling Flow
 Measurement Method： DT&CQT
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the integrity of PS


Signaling Flow
 PS Service Access Time＝Average [T（ Active PDP Context Accept)

－T（ Activate PDP Context Request ）]

Signaling Flow
RRC Connection
Request
Activate CN Signaling Connection Process

PDP RRC DT(CM Service Request)
Context
Request Authority and Safe Mode Process
RRC DT (Activate PDP Context
Request )
RRC DT (Active PDP Context Accept )
Active PDP ISUP IAM
Context Accept CN bear setup process
RRC DT (Connect) ISUP ANM
RRC DT (Connect ACK)
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved Service data （talking…）
CS Service Traffic Erlang
Signaling Flow

value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the traffic Erlang of the
CS conversation service

Signaling Flow
 CS Call Duration＝∑[Time（Radio Link Setup Response）－ Time

（Radio Link Deletion Response）]
CS Service Traffic ERL＝Total CS Call Duration of a Certain Period/3600

Signaling Flow
 CS AMR Voice Service Traffic Erlang

 CS Video Phone Service Traffic Erlang

PS Service Throughput
Signaling Flow

value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the total throughput of
PS service


Signaling Flow
 UL PS Service Throughput＝RNC Received Total RLC PDU Bytes

 DL PS Service Throughput＝RNC Sent Total RLC PDU Bytes
 （Including user data，RLC head data，retransfer data，signaling data，Unit：

Kbytes）

Signaling Flow
 PS I 64/64 UL Throughput
 PS I 64/64 UL Throughput
 PS B 64/64 UL Throughput
 PS B 64/64 UL Throughput
 PS S 64/64 UL Throughput
 PS S 64/64 UL Throughput
 ……

UL Interference Load Factor
Signaling Flow

 Measurement Method: Calculate based on Measurement Report
value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the cell average UL load
factor in a defined period, it is calculated based on the RTWP
value on a certain frequency.

UL Interference Load Factor

Signaling Flow
 UL Interference Load Factor＝（UL RTWP measurement value－

N0 ）/UL RTWP measurement value×100%

DL Power Load Factor
Signaling Flow

 Measurement Method: Calculate based on Measurement Report
value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the cell average DL load
degree in a defined period, it is calculated based on the base
station Tx power.

DL Power Load Factor
Signaling Flow
 DL Power Load Factor＝DL Average Transmitting Carrier

Power/Configured DL Maximal Transmitting Carrier Power×100%

Trouble Cell Rate
Signaling Flow

value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the rate of dead cells to
total cells, it is an assistant to analyze the QoS of whole network.

Trouble Cell Rate

Signaling Flow
 Trouble Cell Rate＝Trouble Cell Number/ Active Cell

Number×100%
Trouble Cell is the cell whose call drop rate >a％ or Radio Access Success rate <b％

Busy Cell Rate

Signaling Flow

value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the rate of busy cells to

Busy Cell Rate
Signaling Flow
 Busy Cell rate＝Busy Cell Number/Active Cell Number×100％
Busy cell is the cell whose DL Power Load factor >c％ or Code Resource
Occupation Factor >d％

Sleeping Cell Rate
Signaling Flow

value
 Indicator Meaning: this indicator reflects the rate of idle cells to

Sleeping Cell Rate

Signaling Flow
 Sleeping Cell rate＝Sleeping Cell Number/Active Cell

Mumber×100%
Sleeping Cell is the cell whose DL power load factor <e％

Contents
 KPI monitor
 KPI Case study
EMS KPI Optimization Process

EMS KPI Optimization Process

Key KPIs Worth Your Attention
RRC Cell RAB Cell RAB Radio Cell Cell Inter-RAT
Cell RAB Call
Establi Establishm Establishm Acces PS Cell CS Outgoing
Establish Drop
shmen ent ent s Call Succes Handover
ment Rate
t Success Success Succe Dro s Rate Success
Success -
Succes Rate, CS Rate, PS ss p of SHO Rate(UMTS-
Rate Voice
s Rate domain domain Rate Rate >GSM)

 Radio access success rate = RRC establishment success rate × RAB

establishment success rate
 This formula indicates that RRC establishment rate and RAB
establishment rate need to be considered in the background statistics.
 RRC establishment success rate = Number of successful RRC connection
setup times of each cell / Number of RRC connection request times of
each cell × 100％
 Note: related with services (RRC connection)
 RAB establishment success rate = Number of successful RAB
establishment times / Number of RAB establishment attempts × 100%
 RAB establishment success rate is categorized by service.

Access Success Rate Analysis Process

Access Failure Caused by RAB Establishment
Failure
 There are two restraints in RAB establishment process. One is
RB establishment which is the UE configuration process (usually
no problems occur in this process); and the other is radio link re-
configuration process in which NodeB links are configured.
Failures often occur in the latter process. The usual causes for
these failures include radio link re-configuration preparation
failure (it occurs when problems occur in NodeB resources.), and
radio link re-configuration cancellation (it occurs when problems
occur in RNC internal resources or process). Another factor may
also cause RAB failures, that is, when the load of a cell is
relatively heavy, RNC sends out a reject command via admission
control.

Call Drop Optimization

Handover Success Rate Optimization
 Factors affecting handover success rate

 Handover area is too small, so that UEs have not enough time to complete
handover.
 Handover parameters are wrongly set, so that neighbor cells cannot be
added or deleted timely, or causing ping-pong handover.
 Neighbor cells are not configured. This may cause damage to the network,
not only directly causing call drop, but also brings extra interference towards
the network.

Contents
 KPI monitor
 KPI Case study
Resource KPI monitor
 One reason for resource limitation is number of 3G user increase, and operator
changing fee decrease also lead to the increase of average erlang. The other
reason is the strategy for design is focus on user feeling and KPI but not system
capacity. For example HK user average Erl cold be up to 0.5E.

 Single user erlang could be 0.45erl on BH：

 Resource KPI and threshold.

 Resource KPI mainly include DL power, UL capacity, code
resource and CE resource.
Resource Type KPI id and name threshold
C301320150 Number of rejected services,DCH downlink TCP
50
limit
TCP PI30167 Average non-HSDPA TCP 40%
PI30092 Maximum Cell TCP (%) 100%
PI30093 Average Cell TCP 70%
PI30029 Handover Blocking Rate 0.5%
UL Traffic
KPI RTWP（in busy hour） -98dBm
C301320153 Number of rejected services, DCH no code 50
Code PI30205 Average Cell HSUPA Users 12
PI30172 Cell Average HSDPA Users 16
PI301830006 Maximum use Ratio of Uplink NodeB CE 60%
CE
PI301830010 Maximum use Ratio of Downlink NodeB CE 60%

 Related KPI

DL power monitor
 RNC TCP limitation with CS call drop

RNC Call Drop Number of rejected services,DCH downlink TCP
2009-06-09 Traffic Volume, CS AMR(Erl)
Rate,CS limit
00:00:00 01:00:00 1.24% 851.54 56
01:00:00 02:00:00 1.07% 481.2097 22
02:00:00 03:00:00 1.09% 253.1742 12
03:00:00 04:00:00 0.70% 134.0175 5
04:00:00 05:00:00 0.61% 84.9817 11
05:00:00 06:00:00 0.54% 66.0458 11
06:00:00 07:00:00 0.64% 102.6633 31
07:00:00 08:00:00 1.06% 259.94 235
08:00:00 09:00:00 1.31% 658.3644 2262
09:00:00 10:00:00 1.11% 1242.4528 1875
10:00:00 11:00:00 0.91% 1798.6944 3261
11:00:00 12:00:00 1.04% 2266.3008 7064
12:00:00 13:00:00 1.09% 2629.905 8398
13:00:00 14:00:00 0.99% 2488.7411 3719
14:00:00 15:00:00 1.05% 2494.8219 7936
15:00:00 16:00:00 1.05% 2598.1903 10515
16:00:00 17:00:00 1.16% 2762.4531 11489
17:00:00 18:00:00 1.20% 2930.3844 9926
18:00:00 19:00:00 1.45% 3336.4133 22875
19:00:00 20:00:00 1.29% 2674.1925 5196
20:00:00 21:00:00 1.04% 1946.7989 1288
21:00:00 22:00:00 1.13% 1858.4106 616
22:00:00 23:00:00 1.32% 1818.2567 575
23:00:00 00:00:00 1.35% 1445.835 216

DL power monitor
 Modify reserve HSDPA power according to system algorithm.

 MinHsdpaPower（MinHspaPwrRto）+NoHsPower >Node B
admission threshold（MinHsdpaPower stands for HSDPA
reserved power ），DL congestion control will start (downgrade
DL DCH rate)。MinHspaPwrRto default value is 20%.
Number of rejected services,Handover
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
-500
0:0 1:0 2:0 3:0 4:0 5:0 6:0 7:0 8:0 9:0 10: 11: 12: 13: 14: 15: 16: 17: 18: 19: 20: 21: 22: 23:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
2009-6-12 6 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 22 99 556649108471821954108121201760 66 9 19 13
2009-6-17 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 6 28 113187252 95 214261285367643 86 10 11 4 3

DL power monitor
 Because high load cell often be with high admission failure,

normally we should fast downgrade to release radio resource
ASAP. Avoid handover user could not handover in the cell then
call dropped.(this action is only take effect in cell with much
more PS users, if all users in the cell is in CS service. It will not
take effect).
Abbreviated Range and Current Update
Parameter name remark
Name Step Value value
Maximum Number of Downgrade from
UlDnMaxStg Degraded Uplink Load Steps [1, 8] 1 2 384kbps to
Every Time 16kbps
Maximum Number of
Downgrade from
DlDnMaxStg Degraded Downlink Load [1, 8] 1 3
384kbps to 8kbps
Steps Every Time

DL power monitor
 Through decrease DL Eb/No could lead to reduced congestion.

While we need detailed evaluation to avoid some other bad
effect. Table showed record for the modification, and can be
consider as the reference. ZTE engineering experience showed
downgrade Eb/No for 13.6K signaling channel could reduce TCP
limitation effectively, while the performance of access will not be
affect so much.
Abbreviated Parameter Current Update Modify
remark
Name name Value value purpose
Downlink B class parameter，service
Reduce TCP
DlEbNo Traffic 7.5 5.1 related parameter, modify 13.6K
Limit
Eb/No signaling only (service class 5)

UL capacity monitor
 Call drop rate increasing not means UL capacity limitation, but call drop
increasing is the most common scene for limitation. Because call drop
rate is most cared KPI, and be observed every day.
7.00%
6.00%
5.00%
4.00%
3.00%
2.00%
1.00%
0.00%
0:00:00
1:00:00
2:00:00
3:00:00
4:00:00
5:00:00
6:00:00
7:00:00
8:00:00
9:00:00
10:00:00
11:00:00
12:00:00
13:00:00
14:00:00
15:00:00
16:00:00
17:00:00
18:00:00
19:00:00
20:00:00
21:00:00
22:00:00
23:00:00
Cell Call Drop Rate,CS1 Cell Call Drop Rate,CS2

UL capacity monitor
 RTWP increasing is the most directly representation for UL limitation,

while sometimes reason for RTWP increasing could be external
interference. And it’s hard to eliminate this reason.
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
0:00:00
1:00:00
2:00:00
3:00:00
4:00:00
5:00:00
6:00:00
7:00:00
8:00:00
9:00:00
10:00:00
11:00:00
12:00:00
13:00:00
14:00:00
15:00:00
16:00:00
17:00:00
18:00:00
19:00:00
20:00:00
21:00:00
22:00:00
23:00:00
Maximum RTWP(dBm)1 Maximum RTWP(dBm)2

UL capacity monitor
 Erlang is determining factor for UL limitation either. There are

many factors related to the erlang of a cell. Normally we should
care for cell capacity, if erlang in a cell exceed 20 erlang in BH.
30
25
20
15
10
0
0:00:00
1:00:00
2:00:00
3:00:00
4:00:00
5:00:00
6:00:00
7:00:00
8:00:00
9:00:00
10:00:00
11:00:00
12:00:00
13:00:00
14:00:00
15:00:00
16:00:00
17:00:00
18:00:00
19:00:00
20:00:00
21:00:00
22:00:00
23:00:00
Cell Traffic Volume, CS(Erl)1 Cell Traffic Volume, CS(Erl)2

UL capacity monitor
 UL Power control parameter modification. The quality of users

will be down as a consequent of capacity increasing.
Optimization will do trade-off between capacity and quality.
Abbreviated Parameter Current new
Modification object effect
Name meaning Value value
Uplink 3.4k/13.6k
Uplink Initial SIR
ULINITSIR Signaling，Uplink 4-5 3.5 Obviously
target (dB)
12.2k AMR
Uplink 3.4k/13.6k
Maximum Uplink
ULMAXSIR Signaling，Uplink 15 10 Obviously
SIR target (dB)
12.2k AMR
BLER Period Factor Uplink 3.4k/13.6k
B class
/ Tolerance BLER Signaling，Uplink 2/250 1/70 Obviously
parameter
Period 12.2k AMR
Uplink 3.4k/13.6k
UlSirTargDnS Uplink SIR Target A few
Signaling，Uplink 0.1 0.2
tep Down Step Size (dB) improvement
12.2k AMR

UL capacity monitor
 Through UL power control parameter optimization we can

improve RTWP increasing, but some cells will be in trouble for
user increasing. And further modification to SIRtarget will affect
subscriber feeling. For this case ZTE suggest to define another
set of power control parameter which is special for these high
load cells. The following table is comparison of parameters for
special site and parameters for normal site.
SRVTYPE ULINITSIR ULMAXSIR ULMINSIR
0 3.5->1.5 10.0->3.5 2.0->1.0
104 4.0->2.0 15.0->5.0 0.5->0
28 3.5->1.5 10.0->3.5 0.5->0
50 6.0->2.0 15.0->5.0 2.0->0
54 6.0->2.0 15.0->5.0 2.0->0

Code resource monitor
 Through observing "Number of rejected services, DCH no code” we could

know cell is in code limitation. Also “average code resource usage” and
“HSDPA user number” could be factor for determination and optimization. We
could modify the code allocation to reduce code limitation.
 OcuRateNoHspdsch+OcuRateHspdsch+DpchCodeHy+32<=512 formula 1
 OcuRateNoHspdsch+OcuRateHspdsch+CodeUptHyA>512 formula 2
 “OcuRateHspdsch” is the number of code (SF=512) which is blocked by the code occupied by HS-
PDSCH channel.
 “OcuRateNoHspdsch” is the number of code (SF=512) which is blocked by the code occupied by not
HS-PDSCH channel.
 “DpchCodeHy” is the number of code (SF=512) reserved for DPCH channel.
 “CodeUptHyA” is the threshold to determine if we need decrease HS-PDSCH channel number.
 When formula1 is fulfilled NO. of HS-PDSCH +1.

 When formula 2 is fulfilled NO. of HS-PDSCH -1.

Code resource monitor
 To assure R99 user accessibility, the modification is apply.

Abbreviated Parameter Range Current Update
remark
Name name and Step Value value
DPCH Code To decrease the number of rejected
DpchCodeHy 0..512 16 28
Hysteresis services for DCH no code
Code Update To decrease the number of rejected

CodeUptHyA 0..512 16 28
Hysteresis A services for DCH no code

Contents
 KPI monitor
 KPI Case study
Case 1: TCP Congestion at Victory Park
 Background
 Victory Park more than 100,000
People Gathering
 Time is 20:00 June 4th
 KPI Indication
 Performance deteriorate for site
VPK at Victory Park
 Call Drop Rate Increase
 Site VPK Transmission Code
Power Congestion

Case 1:Call Drop Rate & Number is high in VPK

Case 1:VPK Radio Access Rate and Rejected
Services by TCP limit

Case 2: Wrong LAC Configuration
 After the configuration data check, we found that there are

several cells with a wrong LAC configuration.
 We need KPI monitor tools to give us an evidence.
 Use SAY Site as an example:
 Number of attempted RRC Establishment is more than 100,000 times while
only around 6,000 times for services.

Case 3：High Call Drop Rate Due To The NSN
Sites Interference
 Background
 After the KPI monitoring, we found the drop rate around Convention and
Exhibition Center is quite high.
 After the drive test and KPI analysis, we found the reason is that
the NSN LUR site F1 is still open.
 After the site is turned off on 12th May the call drop rate
decreased.

Case 3：High Call Drop Rate Due To The NSN
Sites Interference

Case 4: High Call Drop Rate due to Power Alarm
 Site CTW has very high call drop rate.

 After checking the Fault management Alarm, there are a lot of
“board reboots alarm”.
 After checking the NodeB, the reason for this alarm is non-
sufficient power supply due to GSM, UMTS and NSN BTS in very
narrow space with a temporary power solution.
 Three times “Node B is out of service(198083023)” during
15:00 to 16:00 on June 11th.



Case 5: Iub E1/T1 Bandwidth Limitation
 Background:
 After 80% NSN UMTS users are cut into the network on may 11th, subscriber
number increased a lot
 KPI Indication:
 “Cell RAB establishment success rate” decreased a lot.
 Analysis
 Capacity related.
 After checking the related configuration, Iub interface E1/T1 bandwidth
limitation is a key reason for the problem.
 Solution:
 Decrease some of the cells Pilot Channel Power
 Increase Iub interface bandwidth

Case 5: Iub E1/T1 Bandwidth Limitation

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RAN EMS Maintenance

 Describe what can task management do.

System Backup and Restoration

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 Managing the Log Data Backup and Deletion Task

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 Managing File Clearing Tasks

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 Backing Up the Whole Database Structure

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 Viewing the Basic Information of the Database Server

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 At the end of this course, you will be able to:

 Grasp the setting of radio parameters

 Network identification parameters

 Enable the MS to correctly identify the ID of the current network

 Enable the network to be real time informed of the correct

 Enable the MS to report correctly the adjacent cell information

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 Cell Global Identity (CGI)

3 Digits 2-3 Digits Max 16 Bits Max 16 bits

MCC MNC LAC CI

Cell Global Identity

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 The CGI information is sent along the system broadcasting

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 MCC（Mobile Country Code）:

 MNC（Mobile Network Code）:

 LAC（Location Area Code）:

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 Base Station Identity Code (BSIC)

NCC Network/ National Color Code Value Range: 0~7

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 In general, it is required that Cells A, B, C, D, E and F use different

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 Inform the MS the TSC used by the common signaling channel

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 Adjacent cell BCCH table

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 Network identification parameters

 Random access is the process that messages being transmitted

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 When starting the immediate assignment process (e.g, when MS

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 The MAX RETRANS is often set in the following ways:

For micro-cellular, it’s recommend that the MAX RETRANS be set 01

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The Tx_integer parameter is the interval in timeslots at which

The parameter S is an intermediate variable in the access

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 MS starts the first channel request message : {0, 1, ..., MAX

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 The access levels are distributed as follows:

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 In the BS installation and commissioning process or in the

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 The CCCH_CONF is determined by the telecom operation

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2G&3G ZTE Training Resume

2G&3G ZTE Training Resume