Ace Ahead Mathematics S & T Volume 1

Exam Practice 1 When p = ±3, q = ⫿4

1. x+2– x–6 = x–3 Hence, p = –3 and q = 4 since p = 3 and
Squaring both sides, q = –4 will give a negative value.
(x + 2) + (x – 6) – 2( x + 2)( x – 6) Therefore, 66 – 24 6 = –3 2 + 4 3
=x–3 1
— 1
–—
x – 1 = 2( x + 2)( x – 6) 5. x 3 – 3x 3 =2 1
—
Squaring both sides, Let y = x3
x2 – 2x + 1 = 4(x2 – 4x – 12) y – 3y–1 = 2
x2 – 2x + 1 = 4x2 – 16x – 48 y2 – 2y – 3 = 0
3x2 – 14x – 49 = 0 (y – 3)(y + 1) = 0
(3x + 7)(x – 7) = 0 y = 3 or y = –1
Therefore, x = 7 as x = – — 7 is not acceptable. 1 1
— —
3 x3 = 3 or x3 = –1
6x x = 27 or x = –1
2. ———– = 5
( x – 1)
Squaring both sides, 6. 27(32x) – 82(3x) + 3 = 0
6x Let y = 3x
———– = 25 27y2 – 82y + 3 = 0
( x – 1)
(27y – 1)(y – 3) = 0
6x = 25 x – 25 1 or y = 3
25 x = 6x + 25 y = —–
27
Squaring both sides, 1 or 3x = 3
3x = —–
625x = (6x + 25)2 27
= 36x2 + 300x + 625 x = –3 or x = 1
36x2 – 325x + 625 = 0
7. 32x 51 – x
=
(4x – 25)(9x – 25) = 0
2x log10 3 (1 – x)log105
=
Therefore, x = —– 25 or x = —–25 2x log10 3 + x log10 5 =
log10 5
4 9
x(log10 32 + log10 5) =
log10 5
3. ( a + b c )2 = a + b2c + 2b ac x log10(9 × 5) =
log10 5
Similarly, log10 5 0.6990
x = ———– = ———–
( 18 + 3 )2 = 18 + 12(3) + 2(1) 18 × 3 log10 45 1.6532
= 21 + 216 = 0.4228 = 0.423
Since 216 < 225 , [3 significant figures]
( 18 + 3 )2 < 21 + 225 8. 42x – 8(22x) – 9 = 0
( 18 + 3 )2 < 36 42x – 8(4x) – 9 = 0
18 + 3 < 6 Let y = 4x
y2 – 8y – 9 = 0
4. 66 – 24 6 = p 2 + q 3
(y – 9)(y + 1) = 0
Squaring both sides,
y = 9 or y = –1
66 – 24 6 = (p 2 + q 3 )2
4x = 9 since 4x = –1 is not possible
= 2p2 + 3q2 + 2pq 6
x log10 4 = log10 9
Comparing the corresponding terms,
log10 9 0.9542
2pq = –24 x = ———– = ———– = 1.58
–12 log10 4 0.6021
q = —– ......(1) [correct to 3 significant
p
figures]
2p2 + 3q2 = 66
9. (a) xyz = (loga b)(logb c)(logc a)
2 144
2p + 3 ——
p2 冢 冣
= 66 loga c loga a
冢
= (loga b) ——— ———冣冢
loga b loga c 冣
2p4 – 66p2 + 432 = 0 = loga a = 1 [shown]
p4 – 33p2 + 216 = 0 (b) log10 (2n + 1) – log10 2n < log101.0025
(p2 – 9)(p2 – 24) = 0
p2 = 9 or p2 = 24 冢2n 冣
2n + 1 < log 1.0025
log10 ——— 10

p = ±3 since p = ±2 6 2n + 1
is not an integer ——— < 1.0025
2n

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 1 3/27/2008 4:11:31 PM

 2n + 1 <(2n)1.0025 1
1 + z z * = ——–
— + (3 – i)(1 – i)
2n + 1 <2.005n z1* 1 2
3+i
2.005n – 2n >1 1 (3 – i)
= ——–– ——–– + 3 – i – 3i + i 2
0.005n >1 (3 + i) (3 – i)
1 3–i
n > ——– = ——–– + 2 – 4i
0.005 9+1
n > 200 3–i
= ——– + ——–—
20 – 40i
The least integral value of n is 201. 10 10
23 41
10. (a) log10 (a–1 + b–1) = log10 —冢 1 +—
a
1
b 冣 = —– – —– i
10
23
10
41
Therefore, a = —– and b = – —–
冢
= log10 ——–
b +
ab
a
冣 10 10
= log10 (b + a) – log10(ab) 14. z1 = 1 + 5i
= log10 (a + b) – log10 a z2 = 2 + i
– log10 b [proven] z1z2* + z1*z2
logx x = (1 + 5i)(2 – i) + (1 – 5i)(2 + i)
(b) logab x = ——–– = 2 + 5 + 9i + 2 + 5 – 9i
logx ab
1 = 14 [shown]
= ——––———–
logx a + logx b 15. (a) z = 2 – 2i
1 z + z* = 2 – 2i + 2 + 2i
= ———————
loga a logb b =4
——– + ——–
loga x logb x z – z* = 2 – 2i – (2 + 2i)
1 = –4i
= ———–
1 +— 1 = –i(z + z*)[shown]
—
y z 1 +— 1 = ——– 1 1
yz (b) — + ——–
z z* 2 – 2i 2 + 2i
= ——– [proven]
冢 冣 冢 冣
y+z 1 i + ——–1 i
= ——– × — ×—
2 – 2i i 2 + 2i i
1
11. log9 xy = — i i
2 = ——– + ——–
1 2i + 2 2i – 2
—
xy = 9 2 i i
= ——– – ——–
=3 2 + 2i 2 – 2i

冢 冣
y=— 3 1 –— 1 [shown]
x =i —
z* z
Substitute y = — 3 into log x log y = –2,
x 3 3 16. (a) z1 =
4 – 3i
log3 x log3 — 3 = –2 z2 2+i
=
x z3 z1z2
=
log3 x[log3 3 – log3 x] = –2
z3 (4 – 3i)(2 + i)
=
log3 x – (log3 x)2 = –2
=
8 + 3 – 2i
(log3 x)2 – log3 x – 2 = 0
=
11 – 2i
Let p = log3 x,
|z3| =112 + (–2)2
p2 – p – 2 = 0
=
11.18
(p – 2)(p + 1) = 0
p = 2 or p = –1
–2
(b) arg z3 = tan–1 —–
11 冢 冣
log3 x = 2 or log3 x = –1 = –0.18 radian
x = 32 or x = 3–1 (c) Im
Therefore, x = 9, y = — 1 or x = —1,y=9
3 3
1 + 2i 1 + 2i 1 + i
12. ——– = ——– × ——– O
Re
1–i 1–i 1+i z3
(11, –2)
1 + 2i + i + 2i2
= ——–———— 2
1–i
3 – ai 3 – ai 1 + 3i
–1
= ——–—
+ 3i 17. ———— = ———— × ————
2 1 – 3i 1 – 3i 1 + 3i
Therefore, x = – — 1,y=— 3 3 + a 3 + (3 – a)i
2 2 = —————————–
1+3
13. z1 = 3 – i 3 (a + 1) + (3 – a)i
z2 = 1 + i = —————————–—–
4

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 2 3/27/2008 4:11:33 PM

 3 – ai Comparing the real and imaginary parts,
If ———— is real number, a2 – b2 = 1 ......(1)
1 – 3i
2ab = 2 2
3–a=0
2
a=3 b = —–
a
3(3 + 1)
Therefore, the real number = ————— 2
4 Substitute b = —– into (1),
a
= 3 2
a2 – —– =1
a2
18. z1 = 1 – 3i
a4 – a2 – 2 = 0
z2 = 3+i
(a2 – 2)(a2 + 1) = 0
z1z2 = (1 – 3i)( 3 + i)
a2 = 2 since a2 > 0 for real values of a.
= 3 + 3 + (1 – 3)i
When a = ± 2 , b = ±1
= 2 3 – 2i
Therefore, z1 = 2 – i and z2 = – 2 + i
r = |z1z2| = (2 3 )2 + (–2)2
(b)
= 12 + 4 Im
=4 ( –2, 1)
冢 冣
–2
θ = arg z1z2 = tan–1 ——– z2
2 3
π O
Re
= –—
6 z1 ( 2, –1)
π π
冤 冢 冣 冢 冣冥
Therefore, z1z2 = 4 cos – — + i sin – —
6 6
19. (x + yi)2 = 4i (c) |z1| = ( 2 )2 + (–1)2
x2 – y2 + 2xyi = 4i = 3
Comparing the real and imaginary parts,
|z2| = (– 2 )2 + (1)2
x2 – y2 = 0 ...... (1)
= 3
2xy = 4
冢 冣
1
2 arg z1 = –tan–1 —–
y = — ...... (2) 2
x
= –0.615 radian
(2) into (1),
冢 冣
1
2 2 arg z2 = π – tan–1 —–
冢 冣
x2 – — = 0
x 2
x4 – 4 = 0 = 2.526 radians
(x2 – 2)(x2 + 2) = 0 22. z2 + 4z = 4 – 6i
x = ± 2 since x = ± –2 does not have real (z + 2)2 – 22 = 4 – 6i
values. (z + 2)2 = 8 – 6i
Therefore, x = ± 2 , y = ± 2 z + 2 = 8 – 6i
Let (a + bi)2 = 8 – 6i
20. Let z = a + bi a2 – b2 + 2abi = 8 – 6i
zz* – 5iz Comparing the real and imaginary parts,
= (a + bi)(a – bi) – 5i(a + bi) = 10 – 20i a2 – b2 = 8 ...... (1)
a2 + b2 – 5ai + 5b = 10 – 20i 2ab = –6
(a2 + b2 + 5b) – 5ai = 10 – 20i –3
b = —–
Comparing the real and imaginary parts, a
a2 + b2 + 5b = 10 ......(1) –3
Substitute b = —– into (1),
5a = 20 a
a=4 2 9
a – —– =8
a2
Substitute a = 4 into (1), 4 2
a – 8a – 9 = 0
16 + b2 + 5b = 10
(a2 – 9)(a2 + 1) = 0
b2 + 5b + 6 = 0
a2 = 9 since a2 > 0 for real values of a.
(b + 3)(b + 2) = 0
When a = ±3, b = ⫿1
b = –2 or b = –3
Hence, z + 2 = 3 – i or z + 2 = –3 + i
Therefore, z = 4 – 2i or z = 4 – 3i Therefore, z = 1 – i or z = –5 + i
21. (a) Let z = a – bi When z = 1 – i,
(a – bi)2 = 1 – 2 2i |z| = 12 + (–1)2
a – b2 – 2abi = 1 – 2 2i
2 = 2

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 3 3/27/2008 4:11:33 PM

 1 (b) A – (A
B)' = A  (A
B)
arg z = – tan–1 —
1冢 冣 = (A  A)
(A  B) [distributive law]
π
= – — radian = A
(A  B)
4 =A [proven]
When z = –5 + i,
|z| = (–5)2 + 12 27. (A  B) – (A  C) = (A  B)  (A  C)'
= 26 = (A  B)  (A'
C') [de Morgan’s law]
1
arg z = π – tan–1 —
5 冢 冣 = (A  B  A')
(A  B  C')
= [(A  A')  B]
[A  (B  C')]
= 2.94 radians [commutative law]
23. n(A
B) = 36 = (φ  B)
[A  (B – C)]
n(A  B) = 4 = φ
[A  (B – C)]
n(B – A) = 3[n(A – B)] = A  (B – C) [proven]
Let n(A – B) = x and n(B – A) = y = 3x
x + 4 + y = 36 28. B – [(A  B)' – (A'  B)]
x + 4 + 3x = 36 = B – [(A  B)'  (A'  B)']
4x = 32
A B = B – [(A'
B')  (A
B')]
x=8 x 4 y [de Morgan’s law]
y = 24 = B – [(A'  A)
B'] [distributive law]
n(A) = 8 + 4 = B – (φ
B')
= 12 = B – B'
n(B) = 24 + 4 =BB
= 28 =B

24. A B 29. (a) A  (B'
C)'

7 A'  B  C'
= A  (B  C') [de Morgan’s law]
= (A  B)  C' [associative law]
3 = (A  B) – C [proven]
C'  D 6
n(C) = 10 (b) A – (B  C)
D C
= A  (B  C)'
= A  (B'
C') [de Morgan’s law]
n(A) = 38 – (6 + 10 + 7) = (A  B')
(A  C') [distributive law]
= 15 = (A – B)
(A – C) [proven]
25. (a) If A  B, then A
B = B
30. (A
B)'  [(A
C) – (B
C)]
If B  C, then B  C = B
= (A
B)'  [(A
C)  (B
C)']
Therefore, A
B = B  C [shown]
= (A'  B')  [(A
C)  (B'  C')]
(b) (A – B)
B = (A  B')
B
[de Morgan’s law]
= (A
B)  (B'
B) [distributive law]
= (B'  A')  (B'  C')  (A
C)
= (A
B)  ξ
[commutative law]
=A
B
= B'  (A'  C')  (A
C)
= A if B  A [shown]
[distributive law]
26. (a) A
( B  A') = B'  (A
C)'  (A
C)
= (A
B)  (A
A') [distributive law] [de Morgan’s law]
= (A
B)  ξ = B'  φ
=A
B [proven] = φ [proven]

ACE STPM Math (Text Ans) 3rd.indd 4 3/27/2008 4:11:33 PM