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1
Objectives
Construct titration curves of weak bases
with strong acids.
Compare between different titration
curves.
Select an Indicator for a certain
titration.
Apply double indicators.
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Example
Hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN), is very weak acid (Ka=
6.2x10-10) when dissolved in water. If a 50.0 ml
sample of 0.10 M HCN is titrated with 0.10 M NaOH,
calculate the pH of the solution at the equivalence
point of the titration.
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Example (cont.)
CN-(aq) + H2O(l) HCN(aq) + OH-(aq)
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Notice the following:
Comparing the titrations of acetic acid
and that of HCN , we found the
following:
1. The same amount of 0.1 M NaOH is
required to reach the equivalence
point in both cases. (the fact that HCN is
a much weaker acid that HC2H3O2 has no
effect on the amount of base required)
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Titrations of weak bases with strong
acids
Titrations of weak bases with strong acids
Can be treated using the same
procedures as before.
Always, you should think first about the
major species in solution and decide whether
a reaction occurs that runs to completion.
Run stoichiometry and equilibrium
calculations a to get the pH.
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Titrations of weak bases with strong acids
8
Titration curve of weak base with a
strong acid
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Slide prepared By Dr/Ahmed Moustafa 10
TITRATION CURVE OF WEAK BASE
WITH A STRONG ACID
• Example : Titration of acetic acid (Ka = 1.75 x 10-5)
against ammonium hydroxide (Kb = 1.8 x 10-5)
This titration cannot be performed in a direct way. Why?
• The titration lack a sharp break at the end point
i.e no suitable indicator can be used.
• At the end point the pH will be:
• pH = ½ pKw + ½ pKa – ½ pKb
• = 7.0 + 2.37 -2.37 = 7.0
( Ka, Kb were almost equal, so the salt formed as the end
point is neutral) 11
Effect of Concentration of reagents
on the titration curve
Strong Acid - Strong Base Titration
14
12
10
1
8
0.1
pH
0.01
6 0.001
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
14
Ph.Ph. in acidic medium Ph.Ph. in Basic medium
Therefore,
For a typical acid-base indicator with dissociation
constant Ka, the colour transition occurs over a range
of pH values given by:
pka ± 1. 17
Choice of Indicator for a certain
titration
When we choose an indicator for a titration, we
want the indicator endpoint (where the
colour changes) and the titration equivalence
point to be as close as possible.
Choosing an indicator is easier when there is a large
change in pH near the equivalence point as in case of
strong acid-strong base titration, where the pH changes
from 5.3 to 8.7 so any indicator working in the range from
5-9 can be used.
Figure supplied by
Prof. Faten Nour El-Dien
10/24/2016 24
Neutralization of a weak Diprotic
acid with a strong base (Cont.)
Consider the titration of 0.1N Oxalic acid
K1=6.5x10-2 and K2=6.1x10-5 using 0.1 N NaOH
K1/K2 = 1037 i.e less than 104
Thus , oxalic acid cant be titrated as monoprotic
acid,
Also,
pK1=1.19 and pK2=4.22
pH=1/2(pK1+pK2)
pH=1/2(1.19+4.22)=2.7
There is no indicator lies this pH in its pH range, so,
Oxalic acid can not be titrated as monobasic acid.
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Neutralization of a weak Diprotic
acid with a strong base (Cont.)
Accordingly, Oxalic acid can only be titrated as
diprotic acid.
At Equivalence point, after addition of 20 mlx 0.1M
(2mmol) NaOH will react with 10 ml x 0.1 M (1.0 mmol)
oxalic to produce 2 mmol of salt. i.e. total volume
=10+20=30 mL
[salt] = no of moles/ Vtotal= 2 mmol/ 30 = 0.66 mol/L
Kb = Kw/ Ka2 of oxalic acid = 1.0x10-14/ 6.1x10-5=
1.64x10-10
pOH = -log 0.66 x 1.64x10 −10 = 4.98
pH = 14 – 4.98 =9.01
Accordingly, Phenolphethalien (8-10) can be used to
detect E.P. 26
Neutralization of a weak Diprotic acid with
a strong base (Cont.)
Figure supplied by
10/24/2016
Prof. Faten Nour 27
El-Dien
Tribasic acid: Phosphoric acid
pKa1= 2.12
pKa2= 7.21
pKa3= 12.3
On Using Phenolphethaein,
The volume of the acid is equivalent to all
OH- and half CO32-.
On Using Phenolphethaein,
The volume of the acid is equivalent to half
CO32- only.
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