j SS iepaaale Ponta) i ‘ Baie OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION” RATIONALE D'EDUCATION PHYSIQUE | RNACTONAL DE EDUCACION Fisica © ne + gat gon - ARTICLE-II 2006 ae“gs FIEP BULLETIN <2" pirector and Editor " prof. Dr. MANOEL JOSE GOMES TUBINO (1 FIEP President Website: http://www. fiepbrasil.org Register FIEP “ ~ CNP) -03.946.526/0001-57 Indexed by SPORTSDiscus Editorial Board OTHMAN M. AL SAAD (Saudi Arabia) GRANT JONES (New Zeland) JORGE OTANEZ (Argentina) ‘ARNALDO R. 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Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil e2hr@udesc.br INTRODUCTION "To define rowing in few words, one can say thatis about one of the oldest and most traditional sports, which practical Jes technique, synchrony of movements, force and physical preparation. Itis a sportthat provides a healthful contact Water and thatit's praciced by athletes ofalthe ages. Today rowing s beyond a competitive sport, aform of physical and recreation (LAUMANN & WHARTON, 1098), Accorcing io Redgrave (1897), tsa spor of elstance and fore, Trenods of actives in competitions that vary oma few seconds unthalf an hour, depending on the type of dispute. in accordance with Eliott & Mester (2000), rowing is a sport with repeated applications of submaxim force, for cut ponods. Inthe first part ofthe exit phase, that lasts from 10 to 1 seconds; the boats sped up with 8 to 10 strokes, m Cigvonary position, unti the maximum speed of about 6 mis. Each stroke is effected with maximum force andaarating of ately 44 stroke /minule. For Diefenthaeler (2003) this is a particularity of this sport, where the requirement is min the jettison to break the inertia ofthe boat and to eave with advantage on the adversaries. In the attempt to increase the force in search of one better performance, mainly inthe jettison, itis common to Fafunctional movements in these athletes, Parafunctional movernents are muscular contractions not related othe Be gesture that is boing developed, but that are cared trough jointly to the motor gesture, During tis paratunctional Stal occurs almost entirely in subconscious level, the neuromuscular protection mechanisms are absent (OKESON, se poing able to cause damages to the masticatory system and temporomandibuiarclulters (VANDERAS, 1995). Of this Inns parafunctional buccal habit would have to be diagnosised and controlled the earlier as possible (AAPD, 1996). An ‘SF parafunctional movement can be seen in Figure 1, where the athietes appear to be holding their teeth anc ments ofthe face musculetue. “These parafuneional movements can favor the sprouting of @ hyperactivty of the semaiory muscles. Bricot (1999) described that the sailors in galeys bit wooden pieces when the cadence of tho strokes ereased, Figure 1- Parafunctional movements during strokes ___Thetemporomendibular joint (Th) s considered by Maciel (1996) the most complexjoin of the human body. This [bets supported inthe face by muscles and ligaments and, for being biateral, the chewing muscles must work in perfect Serony. The staple fibres must contract and relax ia regular standard in the muscie and in a co-ordinated way with the tuscls athe contalateal side (IGLARSCH1& SNYOER-MACKLER, 1294), once tere isa direct inluence of joint forthe dhe. According to Okeson (1982), the positional stabiliy ofthe oitis not determined bythe articular disc, bby the muscles falcoss and hinder he articular Surfacos displacement Itsil firms thatthe directional forces ia these muscles determine felgeat postion forthe steady functioning ofthe ait. In parafunctional movements there is existence of muscular spasms s6, according o Guintania, Rocha, Miranda, ea. (2001), arerelatedto_areas of more raised temperatures. ‘The Termography isa ne fel that is appeaingin Biomechanics (ZARO, 1999), where therrnalimages are gotten th a device called tnetmographer, and the colors define fields of diferent temperatures, suggesting bigger actvty in taran regions that in others. Verat (1984) says that its one technique that allows to a long-istance register and the fematon of mages (Inetmograme), om the infrared radiation natural emited bythe bodes function of rer absolute epee. The use of Tomography in lagnos's quickly grew ale the pubicaioho! he fst medica thermogramin 1956 SyLanson, 4 Canadian physicist and then sore researchers had immediately stated using the new equipmentto determine felemperatsre oto skin surface (CHS HANSEN, 190), Varaty (184) arms hatin fs development the Termography infty of applications In diverse fields of the human activi, as in miltary, medical and industrial applications, in Bonomy and the ‘emote sensing, each one with is partoulariives and proper objectives, For Zaro (1980), the corect Kepritaon of hs Ynermal map" can bring mportantinformation forthe neath area professionals, what itis confirmed by el (2003), that describes that the use of Termography to map the surface tomporature of selected areas, as plus @ esti resource, wil be abe to offer significant contribution for he advance ofthe pain studies. Temogragls resent Susy had ae ebjectve fo ovlute the ae ef the musse masseter of owing aes though raphy, andto relate possible evidences of temporomandibulardystuncton withthe temperature, METHOD Being uc te entation of possible temporomandivular dysfunction, aswel as desing tne prof ofthe ata, 2 eaieguestonnaire was elaborate, cons'sting on open and closed questions. The questionnaire made possibie to acquire Rig.tloring the perafuncional activites, signals and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and occurrence of Tetes The paratunctonal actly was described for be presence of pareluncional habits a o press the manilry against W, bling the chesks, creaking teeth; and for dysfunction symptoms as pain in the TMA, chronic headache, ontological i, pain in the cervieal region andlor snaps when opening or closing the mouth. ‘According to Rizzatti-Barbosa, iro-Pedro, Martine et. al. (1998), as 2 syndrome, the temporomancibular dysfunction characterizes itself when three e signals andior symptoms are diagnosised. The collection was carried through inthe rowing ergometer (igure 2, left) thatis a stroke simulator, The equipment 305Volume 7 - Special Edition - ARTICLE 1. cent variables as: speed, chythm, distance, force, average of each 500 meters past and ea ‘al register the Termoviscr (FSI, model Prism SP) was used (figure 2, right), with sensitviyet ia ai Figure 2 left: rowing ergometer ; right: Termovisor he thermal register the folowing procedures had been respected: ambient temperature was kept in 204 ‘hwo meters between the termavisor and rowing ergometer was respected; the emissivity adjusiment wag ‘ewith the human skin (FLIR SYSTEMS, 2003), the acquisition time was of five seconds. Eleven mensur ‘edtnrough for each altzen. The firs register was carried through being the citizen in rest (REST). After tha, Tourteen minutes in the roving ergometer was carried through, with ten minutes of constant speed and igg ‘Speed variation. After the warming up, the Second register was carried through (WW. Up). In the sequence, ny "25 seconds had been carried trough simulating the realinlensity of competition, with intervals of 90 seconds. Toy 2 each series, the registers had been bacome fullled T*Int, 2°nt; Int, 4°Int, Sent, nt; 7°int, Bint; End), RESULTS AND DISCUSSION figure 3itis possibe to visualize the thermal register ofthe masseter muscle of a research subject during the dig Figure 3 - Thermal register of the region of tre muscle masseter Nine rowers had pariipsted ofthe researan wih average age of 2124 years Ol, that have cared Ora spelive taining al tie voryloaet 2 years andin tie maxmun 1s years. The daly trang ats about 1 Nourse Be ES rough M141 sessions oftraning per week me Thepresence of sats andlor synpioms wasigentiteain thee suet, being that ony one of hem presebt 4 oftne synptomatology ol tempororsandibulsrdystincton,thusevidencing the dysfuneton tis ast Ne = Hofemperato behavior dug the cared through simulation swsualzed in Figure 4. Ore verifies tempat Pacrease in te magscier muscie region, evidencing hus, Inerease of activity nie related region whatis compaible wiht imalion of Bust et al (1965) that contims that with te physical actly the Body temperature is rlsed due © y,oduced energy wasie in form of heat, where local points of the human body can present different behaviors about i Eger perature. Mo: = = a ad ad = ad > cat aw ae Figure 4- Graphical representation of the average behavior (¥- standard deviation) of the temperatu pgp och mensuration 7 When atalyzing Figure 4 itis possible to observe that right after the body warms up occurs a temperature ed relation one measurement rest Wih the raining continu the temperature nereases significantly, as iustrated R crmat register graph. According to Guyton (1988), when the hypothalsmic tiermostal evidences thatthe body tema excessively Halo col. adopts appropriate procedures destined to reduce oro increase the heat. The same aut ys Sto reduce the body heat, the thermostatic system uses three Important mechanisms! intense dilation of the sande Be 2825 16 increase tne Vansterence of heat for the skin in up © eight times) slimulation of the perspiration, that prose Msease inthe heal foss for resultant evaporation of sweating, and innbion of certain chemival mechanisms as chl® “4 306 J1¢ 76 - Special Edition -ARTICLE Il - 2006 FIEP BULLETIN nosis Considering thatthe thermal energy in the interior of he human Body is tansmied through fabrics by panes ropagatiog and ha te ergensn counts on tnermeregulstorymechanams trough the exchanges of heat raeserfon aj can expect nat ssdogonovs alteralons ave evicensud in he akin surace (QUATANLHA ts Lo eres of fe ternperaureGuig the potod of raring con be esled wih reroasa cl te atu ofthe Body The inert i conferred oy Mave (200) hat mantons tre ypomesisof changes in he cutaneous sanguneous Now, os aon nthe capienesang sia vases win oval hyperema Telia previes rer aration nn eaon, ewer evnaton cnn VC) sage 9) beng te Bagost vevaton presented ater ine pores of warning up (VC 2 4 3%) Dong abe to be average She iterenses and speed inthe physilogiesl responses each subject O vorage ie tomperstres Nad varied O-s0,2%, Comparing tne ret temperature tothe biggest temperature nod vues nthe aigth tena for seven auojects- and ote endfor evo of them, In fue secs there wnt REeTET, ve measured temperature in res and the biggest evidences value practcaly did notoccur (variation of #0,2°C). Peto aie raabicces thal had presented a bigger Merease of the temperature, and among them three had presented Je anion symptoms of amgotomansibuar dysturchon, The rower that dd not presen postive answers inthe Bees torenatavernten cl 06 mie sigeosulinoosivearsvers avanavonclo ec osured ore subeeihs a es0.b% tori subj wih we postive signers ol "For the only athlete that presented the triad, that characterizes a temporomandibular dysfunction, the temperature eing mck bigger and oxpressvenelaion tone cer subjects CONCLUSION 2 _Rsamethod, the Termography revealed tobe effcientin the evaluation ofthe activity of the muscle masseter. For Jainvtving physical contac, alow tothe thermal register anc the formation ofimages (termograms), Thus, itbacomes iiie an evaluation through @ nan invasive method, being able to be a tool for the diagnosis of musculoskeletais I son npentreverton ares reon roe vt emosonardr uncon eersio sane exwomeoces REFERENCES AAPD [AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY), Reference manual 1996-1997. Pediatr Dent, v.18, 16, p.1-98, 1996, BRICOT, B, Posturologia. Sa0 Paulo: icone, 1999. 2709, CHRISTIANSEN, J. Modern medical thermography. In: CHRISTIANSEN, J. & GEROW, Thermography. Baltimore: Willams & Wikins, 1990. 161p. DIEFENTHAELER, RO Remo em Porto Alegre. Disponivel em: ‘Atualizado em. 23/01/03. Acesso em 26/03/2003, 23:46:48, DUARTE, M. SERRAO, J.C. ARALMO, R. C. & AMADIO, A, C. Desenvolvimento de um sensor de temperatura para ocorpohumano. In: CBB. 1893, Santa Maria. Anais... Sarita Maria: SBB/CEFEDIUFSM, 1993, p, 159-61 ELLIOT, 8., MESTER.J. Treinamento no Esporte: cléncia do treinamento. Sa0 Paulo, Phorte, 2006, FLIRSYSTEMS. Disponivel em: URL-hitpifiterthermagraphy.com/brazll. Acessado em Setembro de 2003, GUYTON, A.C. Tratado de fisiologiamedica. 6 ed. Riode Janeiro: Guanabara, 1988. 926p. IGLARSCH. Z A. & SNYOER-MACKLER, L, Temporomandibularjointand the cervical spine. In: RICHARDSON, J. KR IGLARSCH, Z. A. Clinical orthopedic phisycal therapy. PhiladelphiaiPensyivania. W. B. Saunders Company, 1994.712p LAUMARN, Siken; WHARTON, Calvin. Rowing. Londres: Stodart Publishing Co. 1994, MACIEL, RN. Oclusao eATM: procedimentos clinicos. Sac Paulo: Santos, 1996, 397, MACIEL R'N. ATM e dores craniofacials: fisiopatologia basica. SP. Santos, 2003 OKESON, J. P. Fundamentos de oclusoes ¢ desordens temporomandibulares. 2 ed. Sdo Paulo: Artes Médicas, 1992. 4439, . QUINTANILHA,A,, ROCHA, C.S., MIRANDA, 0.L.,ZARO,M.A., VIEIRA, L.R. &AVILA,A.O.V.Anatise do uso da termografia como elemento diagndstico e técnica auxilar no acompanhamento da evolugae do tratamento das aigias vertebrals. esludo pilota. In: XXIII Congresso Brasileiro de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. Anais... Belo Horizonte, 2001 REOGRAVE, Steven, Complete Book of Rowing. London: Partridge, 1997. RIZZATT-BARBOSA, C. M MONTEIRO-PEDRO, V.; MARTINELLI, O. *; SILVERIO, K. C.A; DIHIPOLITO, O.: BEVILAQUA-GROSSO, D.;& GIL, |.A, Disfunedes craniomandubulares: tratamento interd sciplinar desenvolvido fa facuidade de odontologia de PiracicabalUNICAMP, Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia: Sa0 Carlos, ¥2,.2,p. 67-70, out. 1987/mar, 1998, VANDERAS, A. P. Relationship between craniomangibular dysfunction and oral parafunctions in Caucasian children with and without unpleasantilfe events. J Oral Rehabil, v.22, p.289-04, 1995, VERATTIA.B. Termografia principios e aplicagoes. [si-s.nj, 1984.739 ZARO, M.A. Instrumentagao em biomecanica e sua metodologia. In: Vill Congresso Brasileiro de Biomecdnica 1999. Florianopolis. Anais... Floriandpolis: UDESC, 1999, p.45-50, tury rTHE, THERMOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF THE MASSETER MUSCLE OF ROWING ATHLETES RING THE MAXIMUM EFFORT ABSTRACT ying to increase the force in search of the best rowing performance it is common to observe in the athletes Featinctional movements, defined as not related muscular contractons tothe motor gesture. This Rabi. generally Duccal, Bhd have tobe diagnosed/contoied the earler as possible therefore it can cause damages to the masticatory system and Rporomandibular disorders. Inthese muscular movements occur spasms and, thus, areas of more raised temperatures. Present study had as objective to evaluate the activity of the muscle masseter through Termography, and torelate possible Hences of tomporomandiuler dysfunction with temperature. Nne rowers had participated. For temporomandibular Ritalin identifcation was used @ questionnaire. The collection was carried through in a rowing simulator and for the register a Termovisor with sensitivity of 0,1°C. was used. One had carried through 11 measurements for each citizen. Ree was presence of signals andlor symptoms of temporamancibuar dystuncton In thee clizens, being that only one of Presented the triad of the sympiomatology. For the only etizen that presented the triad the tem BC, ature varied 1.5) 307