MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

School of Civil, Environmental and

Geological Engineering
Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002 Philippines

DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

IN LIPA CITY WEST DISTRICT
USING EPANET

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE

REQUIREMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED IN

CE143/A10

Submitted By:

SARMIENTO, JOHN KELVIN M.

ALCANTARA, JOSHUA A.

MAUBAN, MIGUEL CARLOS L.

ELASIGUE, ANN CAMILLE G.

YUSI, REEVO Q.

Submitted to:

ENGR. CRIS EDWARD MONJARDIN

DECEMBER 14, 2017

 1. Introduction

Lipa officially the City of Lipa is a first class component city in the province of Batangas in the Philippines.
It is one of the three cities in Batangas (the others are Batangas City and Tanauan). It is located 78
kilometres (48 mi) south of Manila and has a population of 332,386 people according to the 2015
census.

Lipa covers an area of 20,940 hectares (209.4 km2) at an elevation of 1,025 feet (312 m) above sea level.
Lipa's fishing area is located at barangay Halang, in the west of the city; it is actually a portion of Taal
Lake, which is connected to other municipalities (Cuenca, Mataasnakahoy and Balete).

Lipa is bounded by the town of Santo Tomas in the northeast, San Pablo of Laguna and San Antonio,
Quezon in the east, the municipalities of Padre Garcia and Rosario in the southeast, the municipalities
of Ibaan and San Josein the southwest, the municipalities of Cuenca and Mataasnakahoy and Taal
Lake in the west and the municipalities of Balete and Malvar in the northwest.

The city's location, in a valley between Mount Malarayat and Mount Makulot, makes it a low-risk area
for natural disasters. These two mountains serve as a windbreak during typhoons. Mount Makulot, in
the west, also served as shield during eruptions of the Taal Volcano.

Lipa City is a recreational, religious, commercial, industrial and educational center. The city is also home
to the Fernando Air Base, headquarters of the Philippine Air Force's Air Education and Training
Command (AETC), known in military circles as the Baguio of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

Lipa City was one of the cities in the province of Batangas that recognized the need to develop a system
for a safe, potable and reliable water supply. During that time, the principal industry and major
economic activity in the city was agriculture, hence, dependent on water. The original waterworks
system was built from 1929-1932 with seven (7) small springs, about eight kilometres east of Lipa
poblacion located at Mount Malaraya. Water was transmitted by gravity. Deep wells have been added
since 1948 to augment the supply to meet the growing needs of the city.
 2. Data Gathered

Year 2000 Year 2005 Year 2010 Year 2015 Year 2020
Banay-Banay 7115 8303 10111 11351 11958
Bagong Pook 4337 4602 5509 6292 6628
Bulaklakan 1192 1196 1432 1593 1723
Duhatan 1823 1759 2106 2405 2534
Halong 1619 1638 1961 2240 2359
M-Lupa 3062 4430 5322 6056 6380
Pangao 3253 3765 4507 5147 5283
P. Ulan 2238 2424 2908 3314 3402
San Carlos 3849 4457 5368 6093 6419
San Salvador 2602 2754 3296 3764 2806
Sico 3358 3495 4183 4777 5033
Tambo 9082 8443 10106 11542 12159
San Sebastian 3026 3331 3410 3894 4103
Tibig 2497 3123 3642 4159 4382

Average Daily Consumption: 24.75 𝑚3

Total basic water requirements: Level III: House connections – 90 lpcd

15% NRW for new system

90 𝑙𝑝𝑐𝑑 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦
Water demand: = 105.88 lpcd * projected population for each barangay = lps
(1−0.15) 86400 𝑠

3. Methodology

The data gathered were from the city of Lipa but before being able to gather the said data, we first
needed to construct a letter of intent for us to be able to ask the management to allow us to ask for the
needed data. The data needed were water consumption per barangay and per person (Average Daily
Demand and Peak Demand. After getting the said data, we computed for how much the population will
grow in 10 years and their water demand per second. We then inputted the gathered data on an
application called EPANET where in it helps us to design our own pipe layout and use the data we have
for a quick simulation process.
 3.1 EPANET

EPANET is a public domain, water distribution system modelling software package developed
by the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Water Supply and Water
Resources Division. It performs extended period simulation of the water movement and quality
behaviour within pressurized pipe networks and is designed to be "a research tool that
improves our understanding of the movement and fate of drinking-water constituents within
distribution systems".

Pipe networks consist of pipes, nodes (junctions), pumps, valves, and storage tanks or
reservoirs. EPANET tracks:

 the flow of water in each pipe,

 the pressure at each node,
 the height of the water in each tank,
 the type of chemical concentration throughout the network during a simulation period,
 water age,
 source, and
 tracing

EPANET's Windows user interface provides a visual network editor that simplifies the process
of building piping network models and editing their properties and data. EPANET provides an
integrated computer environment for editing input data. Various data reporting and
visualization tools are used to assist in interpreting the results of a network analysis.

EPANET provides a fully equipped, extended-period hydraulic analysis package that can:

 Simulate systems of any size

 Compute friction head loss using the Hazen-Williams, the Darcy Weisbach, or the Chezy-
Manning formula
 Include minor head losses for bends, fittings, etc.
 Model constant or variable speed pumps
 Compute pumping energy and cost
 Model various types of valves, including shutoff, check, pressure regulating, and flow control
 Account for any shape storage tanks (i.e., surface area can vary with height)
 Consider multiple demand categories at nodes, each with its own pattern of time variation
 Model pressure-dependent flow issuing from sprinkler heads
 Base system operation on simple tank level, timer controls or complex rule-based controls
3.2 Population forecast

2010 2015 Total Population

Increment Growth Rate 2025 lpcs Water Demand lps
Banay - banay 10,111 11,351 21,462 1,240 0.019 11,567 0.0012255 14.17452446
Bagong Pook 5,509 6,292 11,801 783 0.03 6,481 0.0012255 7.941931352
Bulaklakan 1,432 1,593 3,025 161 0.065 1,697 0.0012255 2.079053063
Duhatan 2,106 2,405 4,511 299 0.265 3,042 0.0012255 3.728256609
Halang 2,421 2,072 4,493 -349 0.017 2,107 0.0012255 2.582324967
Mataas na Lupa 5,322 6,056 11,378 734 0.01 6,117 0.0012255 7.495617741
Pangao 4,507 5,147 9,654 640 0.057 5,440 0.0012255 6.666982969
Pinagtong-ulan 2,908 3,314 6,222 406 0.039 3,443 0.0012255 4.219570445
San carlos 5,368 6,093 11,461 725 0.046 6,373 0.0012255 7.810216142
San Salvador 3,296 3,764 7,060 468 0.062 3,997 0.0012255 4.898626433
San Sebastian 3410 3894 7,304 484 0.003 3,906 0.0012255 4.786268636
Sico 4,183 4,777 8,960 594 0.012 4,834 0.0012255 5.924285013
Tambo 10,106 11,542 21,648 1,436 0.138 13,135 0.0012255 16.09620602
Tibig 3,642 4,159 7,801 517 0.021 4,246 0.0012255 5.203731173

Growth
2010 2015 2025 2035 2045 2055 2065
Total Population Increment Rate
Banay - banay 10,111 11,351 11567 11786 12010 12239 12471 21,462 1,240 0.019
Bagong Pook 5,509 6,292 6481 6875 6875 7082 7294 11,801 783 0.03
Bulaklakan 1,432 1,593 1697 1807 1924 2049 2183 3,025 161 0.065
Duhatan 2,106 2,405 3042 3849 4868 6159 7791 4,511 299 0.265
Fernando Air Base 2,658 3,023 3111 3201 3294 3389 3488 5,681 365 0.029
Halang 2,421 2,072 2107 2143 2179 2217 2254 4,493 -349 0.017
Mataas na Lupa 5,322 6,056 6117 6178 6240 6302 6365 11,378 734 0.01
Pangao 4,507 5,147 5440 5750 6078 6425 6791 9,654 640 0.057
Pinagtong-ulan 2,908 3,314 3443 3578 3717 3862 4013 6,222 406 0.039
San carlos 5,368 6,093 6373 6666 6973 7294 7629 11,461 725 0.046
San Salvador 3,296 3,764 3997 4245 4508 4788 5085 7,060 468 0.062
Sico 4,183 4,777 4834 4892 4951 5010 5071 8,960 594 0.012
Tambo 10,106 11,542 13135 14947 17010 19358 22029 21,648 1,436 0.138
Tanguay 3410 3894 3906 3917 3929 3941 3953 7,304 484 0.003
Tibig 3,642 4,159 4246 4336 4427 4520 4614 7,801 517 0.021

Sample Computation P_2035= 11,351〖(1+0.019)〗^2= 11,786

Population Forecast for the next 10 years in

P_2045= 11,351〖(1+0.019)〗^3= 12,010
barangay Banay-Banay

P_2025= 11,351〖(1+0.019)〗^1= 11,567 P_2055= 11,351〖(1+0.019)〗^4= 12,239

P_2065= 11,351〖(1+0.019)〗^5= 12,471

Population Forecast for the next 10 years in

barangay Bagong Pook
P_2025= 6,292〖(1+0.03)〗^1= 6481 P_2025= 2,405〖(1+0.265)〗^1= 3042

P_2035= 6,292〖(1+0.03)〗^2= 6675 P_2035= 2,405〖(1+0.265)〗^2= 3849

P_2045= 6,292〖(1+0.03)〗^3= 6875 P_2045= 2,405〖(1+0.265)〗^3= 4868

P_2055= 6,292〖(1+0.03)〗^4= 7082 P_2055= 2,405〖(1+0.265)〗^4= 6159

P_2065= 6,292〖(1+0.03)〗^5= 7294 P_2065= 2,405〖(1+0.265)〗^5= 7791

Population Forecast for the next 10 years in Population Forecast for the next 10 years in
barangay Bulaklakan barangay Fernando Air Base

P_2025= 1,593〖(1+0.065)〗^1= 1,697 P_2025= 3023〖(1+0.029)〗^1= 3111

P_2035= 1,593〖(1+0.065)〗^2= 1,697 P_2035= 3023〖(1+0.029)〗^2= 3201

P_2045= 1,593〖(1+0.065)〗^3= 1,697 P_2045= 3023〖(1+0.029)〗^3= 3294

P_2055= 1,593〖(1+0.065)〗^4= 1,697 P_2055= 3023〖(1+0.029)〗^4= 3389

P_2065= 1,593〖(1+0.065)〗^5= 1,697 P_2065= 3023〖(1+0.029)〗^5= 3488

Population Forecast for the next 10 years in Population Forecast for the next 10 years in
barangay Duhatan barangay Halang
 P_2025= 5147〖(1+0.057)〗^1= 5440

P_2025= 2072〖(1+0.017)〗^1= 2107

P_2035= 5147〖(1+0.057)〗^2= 5750

P_2035= 2072〖(1+0.017)〗^2= 2143

P_2045= 5147〖(1+0.057)〗^3= 6078

P_2045= 2072〖(1+0.017)〗^3= 2179

P_2055= 5147〖(1+0.057)〗^4= 6425

P_2055= 2072〖(1+0.017)〗^4= 2217

P_2065= 5147〖(1+0.057)〗^5= 6791

P_2065= 2072〖(1+0.017)〗^5= 2254

Population Forecast for the next 10 years in

barangay Pinagtong-ulan
Population Forecast for the next 10 years in
barangay Mataas na Lupa

P_2025= 6056〖(1+0.01)〗^1= 6117 P_2025= 3314〖(1+0.039)〗^1= 3443

P_2035= 6056〖(1+0.01)〗^2= 6178 P_2035= 3314〖(1+0.039)〗^2= 3578

P_2045= 6056〖(1+0.01)〗^3= 6240 P_2045= 3314〖(1+0.039)〗^3= 3717

P_2055= 6056〖(1+0.01)〗^4= 6302 P_2055= 3314〖(1+0.039)〗^4= 3862

P_2065= 6056〖(1+0.01)〗^5= 6365 P_2065= 3314〖(1+0.039)〗^5= 4013

Population Forecast for the next 10 years in Population Forecast for the next 10 years in
barangay Pangao barangay San Carlos
P_2025= 6093〖(1+0.046)〗^1= 6373 P_2035= 4777〖(1+0.012)〗^2= 4892

P_2035= 6093〖(1+0.046)〗^2= 6666 P_2045= 4777〖(1+0.012)〗^3= 4951

P_2045= 6093〖(1+0.046)〗^3= 6973 P_2055= 4777〖(1+0.012)〗^4= 5010

P_2055= 6093〖(1+0.046)〗^4= 7294 P_2065= 4777〖(1+0.012)〗^5= 5071

P_2065= 6093〖(1+0.046)〗^5= 7629

Population Forecast for the next 10 years in

barangay Tambo
Population Forecast for the next 10 years in
barangay San Salvador P_2025= 11,542〖(1+0.138)〗^1= 13135

P_2035= 11,542〖(1+0.138)〗^2= 14947

P_2025= 3764〖(1+0.062)〗^1= 3997

P_2045= 11,542〖(1+0.138)〗^3= 17010

P_2035= 3764〖(1+0.062)〗^2= 4245

P_2055= 11,542〖(1+0.138)〗^4= 19358

P_2045= 3764〖(1+0.062)〗^3= 4508

P_2065= 11,542〖(1+0.138)〗^5= 22029

P_2055= 3764〖(1+0.062)〗^4= 4788

P_2065= 3764〖(1+0.062)〗^5= 5085 Population Forecast for the next 10 years in

barangay Tanguay

Population Forecast for the next 10 years in

barangay Sico P_2025= 3894〖(1+0.003)〗^1= 3906

P_2035= 3894〖(1+0.003)〗^2= 3917

P_2025= 4777〖(1+0.012)〗^1= 4834

P_2045= 3894〖(1+0.003)〗^3= 3929
P_2055= 3894〖(1+0.003)〗^4= 3941 P_2035= 4,159〖(1+0.021)〗^2= 4336

P_2065= 3894〖(1+0.003)〗^5= 3953 P_2045= 4,159〖(1+0.021)〗^3= 4427

P_2055= 4,159〖(1+0.021)〗^4= 4520

Population Forecast for the next 10 years in

P_2065= 4,159〖(1+0.021)〗^5= 4614
barangay Tibig

P_2025= 4,159〖(1+0.021)〗^1= 4246

3.3 Epanet Layout

Pinpoint of Baranggays
 Pipe layout without backdrop

Pipe layout with backdrop

3.4 Procedure in designing pipes

 1. Get an overview of the area
2. Get elevation and distance from each nodes (in this case each barangay)
3. Locate the highest elevation in the area and add a tank in it
4. Decide the design period that you will use
5. Calculate the water demand by using the population and the obtained data from the water
district
6. Layout the design of the pipe network (In our case, dead end system, type II) Since the area
doesn’t have a pattern in their roads
7. Calculate the sizes of the pipes conforming to the minimum and maximum pressure, headloss,
and velocity.

4. Results

4.1 Screenshot after Calculation

 Screenshot after calculation

4.1.1 - Pressure

4.1.2 – Flowrate

4.1.3 – Headloss
4.2 Time Series Data
4.2.1 Time Series for pipe
5. Conclusion

Based from the data we have gathered for the water consumption per barangay and
per person in Lipa, Batangas, we were able to compute for the population growth rate
of each barangay after 10 years by using the geometric increase method. Afterwards,
we used EPANET, a software provides an integrated environment for editing network
input data, running hydraulic and water quality simulations, and viewing the results in a
variety of formats and also provides a fully equipped and extended period of hydraulic
analysis that can handle systems of any size, which is very helpful in designing our own
pipe layout. Finally, after finishing the design of our pipe networks, we have concluded
that conforming to the minimum and maximum pressure, headloss, and velocity of
water, there must be larger sizes of pipes in Brgy. Tambo and Brgy. Bany-Banay due to
its high demand of water consumption.
6. Recommendation

Our group highly recommend that the application EPANET should be used in generating
water distribution network models. It is convenient to use, and is an important tool to make an
effective design of pipe networks. It will be easier to gather other values of flow quantities like
velocity, residual head in every node, and nodal demands by input of the given elevation. This
application also simulates an illustrated model of your pipe network and assess if your network
will have pipe bursts or have a fire fighting scenario and identify if you could still satisfy the
demand for that given scenarios. A mastery of the program will be highly beneficial to the user
and to its client.

We recommend that when using EPANET, all the data needs to be computed before
hand so it will be easier to compute for the pipe diameters and to lessen head loss while the
velocity is not being compromised.