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TOPIC
Environmental Quality
CRITERIA GROUP
Resource Consumption and Waste Generation
RELEVANCE FACTOR
5
SHARE OF TOTAL SCORE
5.6%
© DGNB GmbH
Environmental Quality Page 2 of 69
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT – PRIMARY ENERGY
The criterion evaluates the complete primary energy requirement of a building. Here particular value is
placed on the reduction of the overall consumption of primary energy and the maximisation of the use of
renewable energies. Here the objective is over fulfilment of the legal regulations to the benefit of global
protection of the climate and resources.
Additional Explanation
Results must be established for the following indicators and incorporated into the evaluation:
The requirement for non-renewable energy refers to area and year and it is indicated in [kWh / m2NGFa*a].
The values necessary for the calculation (as in the criterion ENV1.1 "Life Cycle Impact Assessment") can be
established from the energy verification according to the national Energy Saving Ordinance (e.g. the EnEV
in Germany) or from the Life Cycle Energy Modelling (LCEM). The environmental effect of the construction
and the technical systems can be derived from the LCA of the materials used.
METHOD
The criterion ENV2.1 "Life Cycle Assessment – Primary Energy" is assessed in line with the results of a
building LCA. The results of this LCA are designated as "environmental profile" or "environmentally related
quality" of a building. A building LCA establishes and evaluates the environmentally related quality of a
building while taking into consideration its use profile (office building, commercial building, school, etc.) and
compares the results with reference values of other buildings.
The basis for the establishment of data must be recorded and presented for an unequivocal checking of the
results. The comparative evaluation forms the basis for a certification of the ecological quality of the build-
ing. The building LCA should be used as early as the planning phase if possible. It can also serve as an
important instrument for optimisation of the ecological quality of the building.
In future, indicators such as abiotic consumption of resources, consumption of water and land will also be
established in criterion ENV 1.1. However the corresponding data or evaluation base is yet to be developed.
The calculation of the building LCA is based on the LCEM. The method is described below:
The scope of the LCA includes the environmental impacts of production, use and end-of life phases. Exter-
nal works are not included. During the project’s design phase, the assessment can inform decision making
processes by allowing the environmental performance of different design options to be compared and op-
portunities to improve environmental performance throughout the life cycle to be identified.
The building to be evaluated must be described in terms of its material and time-dependent qualities. In
addition a clear description of the technical and functional properties of the building, the building type and
use (e. g. number of users) must be recorded in a documentation data sheet. Details about this documenta-
tion are explained in more detail under the point "DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED". The description of the
building to be evaluated represents the functional equivalent for the evaluation.
Reference period
The reference period is set down specifically for each DGNB scheme (e.g. 50 years for new offices). If the
anticipated period of use of the building examined is less than or greater than this period, the calculation of
the results can be modified accordingly. However, it must be taken into account that certain processes are
always considered equally, even for a period of use which deviates from the standard (e. g. manufacture,
demolition, etc.) Within the framework of DGNB certification the specified reference period must always be
applied in order to allow reference values to be compared.
System boundaries
The building is considered without external works. The system boundaries include (see also the following
table and APPENDIX 6):
production: manufacture of components used in the building, including supply and transport of raw
materials to product manufacturer (Modules A1 – A3)
use: maintenance and scheduled replacement of components including their production and end-
of-life. Operational energy-use scenario. (Modules B1 – B4 and Module B6)
building energy demand throughout the reference period
end-of-life scenario: processing and disposing of waste (Modules C3 and C4)
potential benefits and detriments beyond the system boundaries including opportunities for re-
use/recycling and energy recovery (Module D)
This corresponds to modules A1 to A3, modules B1 and B4, modules C3 and C4 and module D according
to CEN/TC 350/WG1 N410/prEN 15804. For more details see also APPENDIX 6.
TABLE 1
BENEFITS AND
MANUFACTURING CONSTRUC- STRESSES OUT-
USE PHASE END OF THE LIFE CYCLE
PHASE TION PHASE SIDE THE SYS-
TEM LIMIT
Removal / demolition
Waste processing
Modernisation
and recycling
Maintenance
Production
Exchange
Transport
Transport
Transport
operation
operation
Disposal
Repair
Use
MODULES IN ACCORD-
ANCE W ITH
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
CEN/TC350/W G1
N410/PREN 15804
1) Only includes the manufacture and disposal of the exchanged product and not the exchange process itself (in line with building process).
2) Maintenance processes are shown incompletely as water consumption in ENV2.2. Not included in building life cycle assessment.
3) Water consumption of the building is shown in ENV2.2. Not included in building life cycle assessment.
The following aspects are not included in the system boundaries or in the evaluation:
construction phase including transport to site and assembly (Modules A4 and A5)
use of electrical equipment (socket loads) and building components during reference period (Mod-
ule B1) (effects from health relevant emissions in the interior and environment are assigned to the
criteria ENV1.2 and SOC1.2)
operational water use (see criterion ENV2.2) during reference study period (Module B7)
unscheduled repairs and replacements during the reference period (Module B3)
refurbishments during reference period (Module B5)
disassembly and demolition (Module C1)
transport to recycling plant/re-use or disposal facility (Module C2)
building components (all building elements, structural parts, building products, building materials)
associated processes such as maintenance, exchange and end of life processes, and re-use, re-
cycling and energy retrieval
energy use in operation
The corresponding LCA indicator values must be established and presented individually for the building
model. In principle it is possible to use either a simplified arithmetical technique to create the building model
which allows for simplifications in recording the components of the building, or a detailed arithmetical pro-
cess including the recording of all components and their associated processes.
LCA of building components (manufacturing and construction phase). Methodological rules and da-
ta requirements are described in APPENDIX 6.
LCEM of building’s energy demand in use (use phase).
A whole building analysis is conducted using local climate data. A reference building method is used to
evaluate the building’s environmental performance.
Five out of a maximum of ten points are awarded if the proposed building’s environmental impact is equal to
that of the reference building. More points will be awarded if the environmental impact of the proposed build-
ing is less than that of the reference building. In order to achieve a minimum of 1 point, the building’s envi-
ronmental impact must meet the minimum legal requirements.
Requirements and details for LCA and energy modelling are listed in APPENDICES 1 and 5.
Data requirements
Data for the building LCA
In general, specific and verified LCA data (i.e. Environmental Product Declaration, EPD) is more precise
than generic LCA data. The DGNB provides DGNB Auditors and Consultants with access to the following
LCA databases which include both generic and specific data:
These databases are suited to the scope and purpose of the LCA calculations. They are consistent in their
methodology and provide the required results for each indicator. The methodological consistency, conformi-
ty and completeness of specific data from other sources must be verified by independent external experts.
These requirements are fulfilled by EPD type III declarations according to ISO 14025 and prEN 15804.
Generic, data which is has not been independently verified must be factored in with an additional 10 %
supplement in order to take account of possible deviations.
As a general rule, preference should be given to datasets which most precisely reflect the item in question
(materials, end-of-life scenario, energy supply, etc.) in terms of technical relevance and assessment date,
e.g. generic datasets for design phase assessment and product-specific EPD for final documentation.
data other than that provided in ESUCO database must match the methodological standards, quality and
completeness set by ESUCO database and this must be documented comprehensively for verification.
Where EPDs are used, the LCA data must fulfil the prEN15804requirements.
The cut-off rules for LCA datasets must comply with prEN15804 and/or with the methodological standards
set by ESUCO database.
Note:
DGNB Auditors and Consultants should consult with DGNB if no adequate LCA data sets are available.
The LCA results must be presented with reference to one year and one m² NFAa, i.e. excluding circulation
space in underground car parks (reference size). This is to be carried out uniformly for the entire life cycle
assessment. The NFAa must be individually documented for each floor, itemising usable floor area (UA),
circulation space and technical plant area (TA). All area calculations must be carried out in the DGNB
CORE14 Floor Area Summary Sheet.
Actual building
The actual building’s environmental impacts are expressed as a common parameter for the assessment of
the non-renewable primary energy (PEnren) requirements of the building as an annual average over the
reference period applied:
whereby
PEnren,C annual average PEnren demand of the construction, replacement of components, dismantling, and
disposal of the building and building services throughout the reference period td
in [kWh /(m2NFA)]
PEnren,O predicted annual PEnren demand of the building in use as built, based on the final energy de-
mand of the building and building services according to the LCEM and the corresponding primary
energy conversion factor from the relevant database in [kWh /(m2NGFa)]
The annual average value of the construction phase PEnren,C is calculated as follows:
PEnren,C = (P + E) / td + R (2)
whereby
P predicted value of the PEnren demand of the building’s construction (structure and building sys-
tems) in [kWh /(m2NFA)]
E predicted value of the PEnren demand of the building’s end-of-life (structure and building systems)
in [kWh /(m2NFA)]
R predicted value of the PEnren demand of scheduled like-for-like replacement of building compo-
nents (structure and building systems) at the end of their respective service lives during the refer-
ence period in [kWh /(m2NFA)]
The annual average value for PEnren demand in use PEnren,O is calculated as follows:
whereby
PEnren,OEl the PEnren demand of electricity demand in use, according to the LCEM and multiplied by the
conversion factor from ESUCO or other LCA data source (see Table 1) in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
PEnren,OH the PEnren demand of heating demand in use, according to the LCEM and multiplied by the
conversion factor from ESUCO or other LCA data source, if available (see “Reference building”
below) in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
Reference building
The reference value (50 sub-points) for the primary energy requirement of non-renewable (PEnren,ref) is gen-
erally derived from:
a fixed proportion for the construction related value of the emission related environmental im-
pacts for manufacture, maintenance and removal/disposal and
a variable proportion for the use related value of the emission related environmental impacts to
the amount of the reference building used as a basis in LCEM. The variable proportion is calcu-
lated from the electricity and heat requirement established according to LCEM (end energy), mul-
tiplied by defined factors:
– The environmental impact factors for the reference building’s electricity demand Elref are
derived from ESUCO or other LCA databases for the relevant countries (e.g. Chinese fac-
tors from CHISUCO, Spanish factors from ESUCO, etc.).
– The environmental impact factors of fuel used to meet the reference building’s annual heat-
ing demand Href (end energy) must be locally defined. This may require detailed research
by the Auditor. For example, in Germany these factors are derived from statistical studies of
real projects, based on the assumption that thermal energy mix comprises 25 % gas-NT (low
temperature), 25 % oil-NT (low temperature), 25 % gas energy value and 25 % oil energy
value generation.
whereby
PEnren,Cref Annual average non-renewable energy demand of the construction, maintenance, disassembly,
and disposal of the building and building services throughout the reference period td in [kWh
/(m2NFA*a)]
PEnren,Oref Annual non-renewable energy demand of the reference building in use, based on the final energy
demand of the building and building services according to the LCEM
whereby
Pref reference value for the PEnren demand created during construction (structure and building sys-
tems technology) of an average building in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
Eref reference value for the PEnren demand created during dismantling and disposal (structure and
building systems technology) of an average building in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
Rref predicted PEnren demand of the scheduled like-for-like replacement of individual building compo-
nents and building services at the end of their respective service live during a 50 year life cycle of
the reference building in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
The value PEnren,Cref emerges with the assistance of parameters Pref, Eref and Rref gained from statistical
enquiries. The parameter value for PEnren,Cref for the calculation according to ESUCO (or other LCA data-
base) is located under "scheme-specific description ".
whereby
PEnren, OElref PEnren demand associated with the reference building´s electricity demand (end energy) based
on the LCEM and the conversion factor from the relevant database in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
PEnren, OHref PEnren demand associated with the reference building´s heating demand (end energy) based on
the LCEM and the conversion factor from the relevant database in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
The parameter values for PEnren, OElref and PEnren, OHref for the calculation according to BRAZUCO,
CHISUCO, ESUCO, UKRASUCO etc. are located under “scheme-specific description".
Actual building
The following calculation rules apply for the calculation of the total primary energy requirements (PEtot) of
the building, which is made up of a non-renewable and a renewable proportion, and the reference value
(reference building according to LCEM):
Generally:
The ecological impacts of the actual building are combined into a common parameter for the assessment of
the total primary energy requirement of the building as an annual average value over the reference period
applied for the certification:
whereby
PEnren annual average non-renewable primary energy demand of the building throughout the refer-
ence period td in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
PEren annual average renewable primary energy demand of the building throughout the reference
period td in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
Sec average annual energy demand from secondary fuels of the building throughout the reference
period td in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
The value for the PEnren of the building is to be taken from the calculations of indicator 1.
The value for PEren is calculated in compliance with the calculation rules for non-renewable primary energy
PEnren (equations (2) and (3)), with the exception that the PEren values in LCA database (ESUCO or
CHISUCO, etc.) are used.
The value for Sec is calculated in compliance with the calculation rules for PEnren (equations (2) and (3)),
with the exception that the secondary fuel values in the relevant database are used.
Reference building
The reference value (50 sub-points) for the primary energy requirement of non-renewable (PEtot,ref) is gen-
erally derived from
a fixed proportion for the construction related value of the emission related environmental im-
pacts for manufacture, maintenance, and removal / disposal and
a variable proportion for the use related value of the emission related environmental impacts to
the amount of the reference building used as a basis in the LCEM. The variable proportion is calcu-
lated from the electricity and heat requirement established according to the LCEM (end energy)
multiplied by defined factors:
– The environmental impact factors for the reference building’s electricity demand Elref are
derived from ESUCO or other LCA databases for the relevant countries (e.g. Chinese fac-
tors from CHISUCO, Spanish factors from ESUCO, etc.).
– The environmental impact factors of fuel used to meet the reference building’s annual heat-
ing demand Href (end energy) must be locally defined. This may require detailed research
by the Auditor. For example, in Germany these factors are derived from statistical studies of
real projects, based on the assumption that thermal energy mix comprises 25 % gas-NT (low
temperature), 25 % oil-NT (low temperature), 25 % gas energy value and 25 % oil energy
value generation.
whereby
PEtot,Cref Annual average primary energy demand of the construction, maintenance, disassembly and
disposal of the building and building services throughout the reference period td
in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
PEtot,Oref Annual primary energy demand of the reference building in use, based on the final energy de-
mand of the building and building services based on the LCEM and the relevant database
in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
where
Pref Reference value for the total energy/primary energy used for construction (structure and building
Eref Reference value for the total energy/primary energy used for dismantling and disposal (struc-
ture and building systems technology) of an average building in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
Rref Reference value for the total energy / primary energy as a result of like for like replacement of
building components (structure and building systems technology) at the end of their respective
service lives, during the reference study period tD of the reference building in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
The value PEtot,Cref emerges with the assistance of parameters Pref, Eref and Rref gained from statistical en-
quiries. The parameter value for PEnren,Cref for the calculation according to ESUCO (or other LCA database)
is located under "scheme-specific description ".
where
PEtot,OElref Total energy / primary energy demand for the reference building’s electricity demand (end en-
ergy) based on the LCEM and the corresponding primary energy conversion factor from the rele-
vant database (see Table 1) in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
PEtot,OHref Total energy / primary energy for the fuel used by the reference building to meet the heating
demand (end energy) based on the LCEM and the corresponding primary energy factor from
the relevant database, if available (see “Reference building” above) in [kWh /(m2NFA*a)]
The parameter values for PEtot, OElref and PEtot, OHref for the calculation according to ESUCO (or other LCA
database) are located under "scheme-specific description".
The calculation is based on the LCEM. The reference period is 50 years. The following parameters are
taken into account in the evaluation benchmark.
Values for environmental impacts arising from construction related emissions are drawn from:
the environmental impact of electricity generation according to ESUCO or other LCA databases
the environmental impact of thermal energy according to research on typical heat generation in the
country.
Any research and selection of data included in the evaluation conducted in close liaison with DGNB.
Actual building
The actual values are established in accordance with the "general description of the method". The energy
requirements of user equipment are not taken into account.
Reference building
The actual values are established in accordance with the "general description of the method". The energy
requirements of user equipment are not taken into account.
TABLE 2 Reference values for manufacture, maintenance, removal/disposal and use of the reference building
PE NR EN PE T O T PE RE N /PE T O T
[MJ/m2NFA*a)] * [MJ/m2NFA*a)] * %
UNIT
L=X*R
T=Y*R
X 1.4 1.4 0%
G PE NR EN G PET OT G PE RE N / PET O T
EVALUATION
At the indicator level, sub-points (SP) on a scale from 0 to 100 are allocated. These are then converted into
checklist points (CLP) on a scale from 0 to 100 by means of the weighting key (GPENREN, etc.) listed in table
3. The maximum achievable number of checklist points is 100.
TABLE 5 Point allocation for the indicator non-renewable primary energy requirement PEnren
50 PEnren = PEnren,ref
TABLE 6 Points allocation for the indicator total primary energy requirement PEtot
25 PEtot = PEtot,ref
5 PEren / PEtot = 2%
10 PEren / PEtot = 4%
15 PEren / PEtot = 6%
20 PEren / PEtot = 8%
Conversion table
TABLE 8
LIMIT VALUE L 10 1
REFERENCE VALUE R 50 5
DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED
The following evidence represents a selection of possible/alternative forms of evidence. The selected eval-
uation of the individual indicators must be comprehensively and plausibly demonstrated in the documents
submitted.
Documentation of results
Documentation for the simplified calculation method – Product and construction process stage
Documentation for the complete calculation method – Product and construction process stage
Current and heat requirement (end energy) for the building to be certified and also for the reference
building according to LCEM. The calculation must correspond to the building which is realised and
the LCEM simulation. Indication of the specific electrical performance from a detailed lighting tech-
nical planning in the calculation of the artificial light requirement, otherwise calculation according to
LCEM
Type of heat and cooling generation systems and ventilation systems plus energy carriers
For district heating the regenerative proportion must be shown via a corresponding certificate or in-
dication of the supplier
Set operating lives of the components and surfaces
Description and feed-in values in accordance with a local Renewable Energies Act of the building
related energy systems (e.g. in Germany according to EEG), if present
Verification of origin in the case of waste heat use
product stage
use stage - operational heat and electricity demand
use stage - replacement (including end of life of replacement)
end of life stage (waste processing and disposal, benefits and loads for the next product systems)
A breakdown of construction costs according to cost groups listed in criterion ECO1.1 is required.
To ensure consistent summary results, the matrix of criterion TEC1.6 Deconstruction and Disassembly must
be completed.
General information
– designation of the building (address, etc.)
– author of the building life cycle assessment (name and qualifications)
– arithmetical and evaluation processes used
– point in time of creation of the LCA in the life cycle of the building
– date of creation
Data sources
– the data sources, type and quality of the data used are to be indicated qualitatively. This ap-
plies for both, the building model and the LCA data
Verification of results
All the information used, options, or decisions made must be presented in transparent form in order to be
verifiable. The verification includes the following:
completeness and verification of the completeness for the quantification at the building level
traceability of the data used for the products
conformity of the data to the requirements of EN 15804
consistency between the scenarios which are valid at building level and the scenarios used for the
products
The parameters and calculation specifications necessary for the calculation can be taken from the
following documents:
calculations according to LCEM with detailed indications on the end energy requirement of the ref-
erence building, divided according to energy carriers and type of energy generation
LCA of the physical building components of the building to be certified according to EN ISO 14040
and 14044 which includes all the life cycle phases to be incorporated
ESUCO (or other LCA) database
operating lives of components (see OVERVIEW OF APPENDICES, APPENDIX 5.3)
When using software tools it is essential to pay attention to the implementation of the requirements shown in
the criterion and the application of the data basis described.
EN ISO 14040. Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework.
Berlin: Beuth Publisher. November 2009
EN ISO 14044. Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guide-
lines. Berlin: Beuth Publisher, October 2006
EN ISO 9836. Performance standards in buildings – Definition and calculation of area and space
indicators. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. October 2011
EN 15804. Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules
for the product category of construction products. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. April 2012
DIN EN 15978. Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of environmental performance of
buildings - Calculation method. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. October 2012
DIN EN 13779. LPG equipment and accessories - Contents gauges for Liquefied Petroleum Gas
(LPG) pressure vessels. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. June 2012
DIN V 18599. Energy efficiency of buildings - Calculation of the net, final and primary energy de-
mand for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting - Part 5: Final energy de-
mand of heating systems; Part 7: Final energy demand of air-handling and air-conditioning sys-
tems for non-residential buildings; Part 8: Net and final energy demand of domestic hot water sys-
tems. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. December 2011
DIN V 4701-10. Energy efficiency of heating and ventilation systems in buildings - Part 10: Heating,
domestic hot water supply, ventilation. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. August 2003.
VDI 2067. Economic efficiency of building installations - Fundamentals and economic calculation.
Düsseldorf: Beuth Publisher. September 2000
Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing (BMVBS): Sustainable Building Guide, Janu-
ary 2001
VDI 6020. Requirements on methods of calculation to thermal and energy simulation of buildings
and plants – Buildings. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. May 2001
VDI 6007. Part 2 - Calculation of transient thermal response of rooms and buildings - Modeling of
rooms; Part 3 - Calculation of transient thermal response of rooms and buildings - Modelling of so-
lar radiation. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. April 2012
CEN EN 15265: Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy needs for space heating
and cooling using dynamic methods - General criteria and validation procedures
EN 15255:2007: Energy performance of buildings - Sensible room cooling load calculation - Gen-
eral criteria and validation procedures
ASHRAE 140: Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Tests
http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/documents/ANSI_ASHRAE.pdf
http://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/dirpubs/epl_bestest_ash.pdf
OVERVIEW OF APPENDICES
5.1 Product and construction process stage (Modules A1 – A3), simplified calculation method
The product stage comprises the calculation of the following building elements:
Building components and quantity of the cost items are to be categorized and provided according to AP-
PENDIX 1 of criterion ECO1.1.
Building components are to be specified and documented according to layer composition. Modelling of the
product stage is to link the product data with the LCA datasets in ESUCO (or other LCA) database. Each
dataset’s reference unit must be checked for agreement with the unit for the calculated quantity and adjust-
ed if necessary.
Quantity surveys for the product stage are to be conducted and documented as follows:
For (1), (2), (3), the results of the layer compositions have to be offset against the corresponding gross floor
area (GFA) measures in the building as a whole and reported separately. Alternatively, total masses (e.g.
concrete in foundation) are to be calculated and documented accordingly.
For (4), (5), and (6) the results of the layer compositions must be offset against the corresponding surface
measures in the building as a whole and reported separately. Documented references must demonstrate
that all shell surfaces have been included in the calculation in compliance with LCEM demands/Minimum
requirements (values from APPENDICES 1 & 5).
For (7), the results of the layer compositions must be offset against, for example, amounts calculated in
implementation plans for the building as a whole and reported separately.
For (8), manufacture of the central heating or cooling unit is to be included in the overall calculation. Pipes
and systems for heat delivery are to be excluded from the calculation.
To simplify the process, average values for similar building components/layer compositions can be used in
the same ratio in which they are actually used in the entire building. Building components must be outlined
and documented.
If the quantity survey is only for (1) – (7) over surfaces without taking connections into consideration and
only the central heating or cooling system is included as technical services item, the results must be mul-
tiplied by the factor 1.1.
Transportation to building site (A4) is to be disregarded. Products and energy use that relate only to con-
struction site operation are not considered (A5). Neither are excavation processes, demolitions, and tempo-
rary preliminary works are not included.
The building model of the manufacture is to be linked with LCA data sets. If no precise LCA data are availa-
ble for components, a technically close LCA data set must be used. If several similar data sets can be se-
lected, a conservative approach must be chosen (worst case principle).
5.2 Product and construction process stage (Modules A1 – A3), complete calculation method
The building shell and any extensions as they are built are to be included in the calculations of the environ-
mental impact values for a building’s construction. Building components and quantity of the items are to be
categorized and provided according to APPENDIX 1 of criterion ECO1.1.
Cut-off criteria:
All materials that make up more than 1 % of the building’s total mass or more than 1 % of primary
energy consumption considered material or more than 1 % of the impact categories global warm-
ing potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP) must be includ-
ed. Justifiable estimates of primary energy consumption are acceptable.
The total amount of disregarded materials must not exceed 5 % of the total mass of the building, of
the primary energy, of the impact in the categories GWP, AP, and EP.
The quantity survey’s completeness must be verifiably presented and substantiated. Transportation to build-
ing site (A4) is to be disregarded. Products and energy use that relate only to construction site operation are
not considered (A5). Excavation processes, demolitions, and temporary preliminary works are also not
included.
The building model of the manufacture is to be linked with LCA data sets.
If no precise LCA data are available for components, a technically close LCA data set must be used. If sev-
eral similar data sets can be selected, a conservative approach must be chosen (worst case principle).
5.3 Calculation method for the use stage scenario (Modules of group B)
Supply and disposal systems and repairs are to be included when calculating the environmental impact
values for a building’s use stage scenario. The value appropriate for the use profile is to be taken into ac-
count as reference period td (e.g. 50 years for office and administrative buildings).
Calculations and results should be organized in compliance with criterion ECO1.1.
The assessment of the use stage scenario includes the following groups:
For (1), values for end energy demand for heat and electricity are to be taken from the LCEM. Heating units
must be listed and assigned and linked to data sets in ESUCO database. In the case of district heating, the
renewable share of district heating reported by the supplier is subtracted from the calculated heat demand
and designated as secondary fuel (included in the calculation of the total primary energy demand in Criteri-
on ENV2.1). The remaining share of district heating is linked to the appropriate data set in ESUCO data-
base. The district heating data sets in ESUCO database are based on the composition of non-renewable
district heating in Europe. The European power mix should serve as the basis for the environmental impact
values of electricity demand.
For (2), estimated service life (ESL) for surfaces and moving building components should be taken from the
following data sources: Building materials and products: According to country specific agreed upon, statistic-
based estimated service life tables for products. In case no list as such is available, the German “Sustaina-
ble Building Guide” should be considered (“mean value”).
For building services the same applies as for materials and products. In case no list is available, the Ger-
man VDI 2067 estimated service life values should be included (note: these are available in the datasets in
ESUCO database documentation). Calculations for replacements must be made for all materials, building
components, and surfaces with estimated service life values of less than the reference study period. Re-
placement measures (replacing building components/products after their estimated service life) are calcu-
lated under the assumption that the replacement component/product is the same as the original. It is im-
portant that the technical conditions of the replacement be calculated as realistically as possible, particularly
for access to building components that may involve the extension and renewal of multiple layers. Only full
number of replacements (no partial) is allowed. Disposal of replaced building components/products is to be
calculated using the appropriate end-of-life data set in ESUCO database and included in the overall total for
the replacement. Transportation to disposal / recycling can be disregarded.
If the quantity survey for the product stage follows the simplified approach, the results for replace-
ment must be multiplied by the factor 1.1.
The plausibility of the approaches must be presented. Note that the same assumptions used to calculate
life-cycle costs are to be used here.
5.4 Calculation method for the End-of-Life scenario and for benefits and loads scenario for the
next product system (Modules of groups C and D)
The calculation of environmental impact values for a building’s end-of-life scenario must include the recy-
cling and disposal of all building materials that remain in the building after the end of the period under con-
sideration. The data sets in ESUCO database are to be used for the calculation. To simplify the process, the
calculation can be made for groups of materials.
(1) metals
(2) mineral building materials
(3) materials with a heating value (wood, plastics, etc.)
(4) central heating and cooling appliances
(5) all other materials that can be deposited (landfilled) at construction or household waste sites
For (1), the type of disposal here is “recycling”. The ESUCO database data sets for “metal recycling poten-
tial” should be used or the respective value if specific EPDs are used (Module D). Careful classification is
important, documentation of the results have to be documented in Module D. Note that recycling potential
can be reported only for metals with shares of primary manufacturing. In other words, if a product is made of
recycled material, it no longer has recycling potential (relevant for concrete reinforcement).
For (2), the type of disposal here is “recycling”. To simplify the process, the ESUCO database data set
“construction rubble processing” should be used for all mineral building materials (to be documented in
Module C3). Benefits from recycling are to be calculated by subtracting the respective amount of primary
gravel (to be documented in Module D).
For (3), the type of disposal here is “incineration (with thermal recovery where applicable)” The data sets
should be listed according to material groups (timber, timber materials, plastics, etc.) and should correspond
to an ESUCO database data set or a respective value from a specific EPD.
Documentation of results is required if in Module C4 incineration without energy recovery was chosen or in
Modules C3 and D if energy recovery was chosen (according to dataset definition).
For (4), the ESUCO (or other LCA) database data set or the respective value from a specific EPD that cor-
responds to the manufacturing process should be used (results to be documented in Module D).
For (5), the type of disposal here is “disposal at landfill site,” as long the materials can be deposited at con-
struction or household waste sites. The most appropriate ESUCO (or other LCA) database data sets should
be used (results to be documented in Module C4).
If the quantity survey for the product stage follows the simplified approach, the results for replace-
ment must be multiplied by the factor 1.1.
APPENDIX 1
THERMAL DISCHARGE BY
THERMAL DISCHARGE BY
(MONDAY TO FRIDAY, MI-
YEARLY HOURS OF USE
DAILY HOURS OF USE
PERSON (SENSITIVE)
MINIMUM HUMIDITY
FACTOR LIGHTING
PRIMARY ENERGY
MINIMUM FRESH
START OF USE
LIGHTING CON-
AIR EXCHANGE
NUS HOLIDAY)
ILLUMINATION
SPACE TYPE
END OF USE
PERATURE
OFF-TIME
DEMAND
DEMAND
HVAC
HVAC
BERS
RATE
TROL
ERY
NO.
[°C]
[HOUR [HOURS/A] [M3/P] [W H/M2 [W H/M2 [°C] [°C] [%] [M3/M2 [LUX]
S/DAY] DAY] DAY] H]
5 CANTEEN 08:00 15:00 7 1750 9 2250 1.2 177 10 21 17 24 no demand - 18 none 200 1 M*
6 RESTAU- 10:00 00:00 14 4200 16 4800 1.2 236 14 21 17 24 no demand - 18 none 200 1 M*
RANT
13 SERVER 00:00 00:00 24 8760 24 8760 30 15 1800 21 17 24 no demand - 1.3 none 500 0.5 P*
ROOM
1.4 ROOF (AS FAR AS NOT CONSIDERED IN NO. 1. 5), TOP FLOOR
SLAP, W ALLS IN DIRECTION OF NAVE AISLE
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 0.20 W/(m2 K)
1.5 GLASS ROOF
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 2.70 W/(m2 K)
Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.63
Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.76
1.6 LIGHTING ROW
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 2.40 W/(m2 K)
Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.55
Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.48
1.7 LIGHT CUPOLA
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 2.70 W/(m2 K)
Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.64
Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.59
1.8 WINDOW S, GLAZED DOORS (SEE ALSO NO. 1.14)
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 1.30 W/(m2 K)
Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.60
Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.78
1.9 ROOF LIGHT, SKY LIGHT (SEE ALSO NO. 1.14)
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 1.40 W/(m2 K)
Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.60
Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.78
1.10 OUTSIDE DOOR
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 1.80 W/(m2 K)
1.11 BUILDING ELEMENTS FROM NO. 1.1 AND 1.3 TO 1.10
Thermal bridge adjustment ΔUW = 0.05 W/(m2 K)
1.12 LEAK TIGHTNESS OF BUILDING
Related value n50 with ventilation: n50 = 1.0 h-1
length of the reference building, 70% of the standard length as well the ambient temperature
can be chosen according to DIN V 18599-5.
Heat storage:
Indirect heated storage system (upright), placed outside of the thermal envelope.
Heat distribution:
Including circulation, Δp constant, pump designed by its demand, for calculating the reference
building the lengths and position of pipes must be assumed the same as for the actual building.
4.2 HOT W ATER – DECENTRAL W ATER SYSTEM
Electrical instantaneous water heater, one tap and 6 meters of pipe per unit.
Thermal zoning must be carried out for zones which differ from:
APPENDIX 5
1. Energy modelling of HVAC, lighting systems and energy supply systems – Zone energy demand
1 HEATING
1 1 1 Radiator Uncontrolled with central Tested Soft- 1.28 Thermal dynamic Rad/Con3 DIN V
flow temperature ware modelling of indi- ratio: 60/40 18599-
1 1 2 Master room 1.20 vidual room cli- Rad/Con3 5, Ta-
mate system ratio: 60/40 bles 6,
1 1 3 P-Controller (2K) 1.15 including control Rad/Con3 7, 9
characteristic of ratio: 60/40
1 1 4 P-Controller (1K) 1.13 the controller Rad/Con3
ratio: 60/40
1 1 5 PI-Controller 1.11 Rad/Con3
ratio: 60/40
1 1 6 PI-Controller (e.g. motion 1.11 Rad/Con3
sensor, adaptive control- ratio: 60/40
ler)
1 2 1 Convector Uncontrolled with central 1.28 Rad/Con
flow temperature ratio: 15/85
2. Energy modelling of HVAC, lighting systems and energy supply systems – Effort numbers for heating and chilled water distri-
bution
NO. ELECTRICAL AUXILIARY ENERGY DEMAND FOR DISTRIBUTION OF HEATING EL HE AT , DI S, AUX AND COOLING C C OOL , DIS , AUX
H DI S ,H EAT , L O S S
Energy Saving Ordinance (e.g. EnEV
2 1 1 Heating pipework 90/70 10.8 for Germany)
2 1 2 70/55 7.6
2 1 3 55/45 5.4
2 1 4 35/28 2.0
2 C DI S ,C O O L , L OS S
3. Energy modelling of HVAC, lighting systems and energy supply systems – Effort numbers for heating and chilled water gener-
ation
1 E 3,T H, HE AT [-]
1 1 1
Constant temperature boiler for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 1.2 Energy Modelling (e.g. reference to DIN V
for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 1.17 4701-10 for Germany)
1 1 2
for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 1.13
1 2 1
Low temperature boiler for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 1.10
for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 1.09
1 2 2
for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 1.08
1 3
Considering boiler
1 3 1
70/55 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 1.05
for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 1.04
1 3 2
for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 1.03
1 3 3
55/45 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 1.02
for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 1.02
1 3 4
for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 1.01
1 3 5
35/28 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 0.99
for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 0.99
1 3 6
for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 0.98
2 HEATING GENERATION / SPC (SEASONAL PERFORMANCE COEFFICIENT) FOR ELECTIRCAL HEAT PUMPS
SPC [-]
2 1 1
water/water 55/45 Energy Modelling (e.g. reference to DIN V
2 1 2
35/28 4701-10 for Germany)
2 2 1
soil/water 55/45
2 2 2
35/28
2 3 1
air/water 55/45
2 3 2
35/28
2 4 1
exhaust air/water 55/45
2 4 2
35/28
3 HEATING GENERATION / EFFORT NUMBERS E 3 ,T H ,H EAT FOR DISTRICT HEATING
Chilled water generation / ESEER (European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) for compression chillers
To calculate the electrical and energy demand for cooling generation, the ESEER value needs to be defined. The ESEER regards part load values of chillers from 25 % to
100 % by evaluating EER (known as COP) of the chillers in accordance to different re-cooling temperatures. The evaluation depends on the periodicity of the weather per
year which leads to the different part loads and simultaneous to the four appearing re-cooling temperatures. Therefore the following table has to be used:
LOAD OF NET COOLING POW ER RE-COOLING AIR TEMPERATURE RE-COOLING W ATER TEMPERATURE EVALUATION
100 35 30 3
75 30 26 33
50 25 22 41
25 20 18 23
The EER values have to be requested from the manufacturers of the chiller. With these values the ESEER value can be defined as follows
The advantage of this method is to get an averaged and evaluated performance coefficient to calculate the electrical end energy demand.
On the following link ESEER values of already certified chillers can be taken into account: http://www.eurovent-certification.com/
Chilled water generation / Nominal heat coefficient for one level absorption chillers
80/70 27/33 6 -
14 0.71
40/45 6 -
14 -
90/75 27/33 6 0.69
14 0.72
40/45 6 -
14 -
110/95 27/33 6 0.70
14 0.72
40/45 6 -
14 0.71
130/110 27/33 6 0.71
14 0.73
40/45 6 0.70
14 0.72
Chilled water generation / Nominal heat coefficient for direct gas fired absorption chillers
DIRECT GAS FIRED ABSORPTION CHILLERS NOMINAL HEAT COEFFICIENT Ζ OR E 3,T H, COO L
[-]
TYPE EVAPORATIVE COOLING TOW ERS (INCLUSIVELY SPRAY W ATER PUMPS) EVALUATION
CLOSED CIRCUIT (HYBRID COOLING TOW ERS) OPEN CIRCUIT DRY COOLING TOW ERS
Chilled water generation / Energy efficiency ratio for water cooled compression chillers
REFRIGERANT COOLING CHILLED AVERAGE ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO FOR COOLING EER EFFORT NUMBER E3 [-]
Chilled water generation / Energy efficiency ratio for air cooled compression chillers
REFRIGERANT CHILLED W ATER FLOW AVERAGE VAPORISA- ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO FOR COOLING EER EFFORT NUMBER E3
[°C] [°C] PISTON/SCROLL COM- SCREW COMPRESSOR 200 KW TO 2,000 KW PISTON/SCROLL CO M- SCREW COMPRESSOR
KW KW
Chilled water generation / Energy efficiency ratio for room climate system < 12 kW, air cooled
SYSTEM ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO FOR COOLING EER PART LOAD CONTROL EFFORT NUMBER E3
[-]
Chilled water generation / Energy efficiency ratio for room climate system > 12 kW, air cooled
VRF-system with variable refrigerant 3.5 at least one parallel compressor, variable speed drive 0.29
mass flow
Chilled water generation / Nominal heat coefficient for one level absorption chillers
HEATING GENERATION T EMPERATURE COOLING W ATER TEMPERATURE CHILLED W ATER FLOW TEMPERATURE NOMINAL HEAT COEFFICIENT Ζ EFFORT NUMBER E3
80/70 27/33 6 - -
14 0.71 0.71
40/45 6 - -
14 - -
90/75 27/33 6 0.69 0.69
14 0.72 0.72
40/45 6 - -
14 - -
110/95 27/33 6 0.70 0.70
14 0.72 0.72
40/45 6 - -
14 0.71 0.71
130/110 27/33 6 0.71 0.71
14 0.73 0.73
40/45 6 0.70 0.70
14 0.72
Chilled water generation / Nominal heat coefficient for direct gas fired absorption chillers
TYPE EVAPORATIVE COOLING TOW ERS (INCLUSIVELY SPRAY W ATER PUMPS) EVALUATION
[°C] [%]
CLOSED CIRCUIT (HYBRID COOLING TOW ERS) OPEN CIRCUIT DRY COOLING TOW ERS
Q R, E L [KW /KW]
COOLER
Chillers electrical electrical energy electrical energy thermal energy thermal energy
energy
Re-cooler electrical electrical energy - electrical energy electrical energy
energy
4. Calculation of end energy for HVAC, lighting systems and energy supply systems
Equations for calculation of the end energy demand for heating and electricity during operation per year:
whereby
whereby
Eltot is the total electrical end energy demand for heating, cooling, ventilation, air-conditioning and lighting in [kWh/m2a]
Heating:
Hzone = Hzone,ideal ∙ e1,th,heat
whereby
Hzone,dhw Thermal heating energy demand for domestic hot water per zone in [kWh/m2a]
Cooling:
Thermal Czone = Czone,ideal ∙ e1,th,cool
whereby
Ventilation/air-conditioning (HVAC):
See ALTERNATIVE 2
Lighting:
Ellight,zone = Time ∙ Lel ∙ UseFact ∙ ConFact ∙ DaylFact
whereby
Heating:
Hzone = Hzone,math
whereby
Cooling:
Thermal Czone = Czone,math
whereby
whereby
Hven Thermal heating energy demand for air-conditioning of building zones in [kWh/m2a]
Hven,math Simulated thermal heating energy demand for air-conditioning of building zones in [kWh/m2a]
with thermal dynamic modelling of thermodynamic processes (heating, cooling, humidifying, de-humidifying, heat recovery,
variable pressure drop dependent on volume flow)
whereby
Cven Thermal cooling energy demand for air-conditioning of building zones in [kWh/m2a]
Cven,math Simulated thermal cooling energy demand for air-conditioning of building zones in [kWh/m2a]
with thermal dynamic modelling of thermodynamic processes (heating, cooling, humidifying, de-humidifying, heat recovery,
variable pressure drop dependent on volume flow)
whereby
Lighting:
Ellight,zone = Time ∙ Lel ∙ UseFact ∙ ConFact ∙ Daylmath
whereby
STEP 2: Distribution
Heating:
Hdis = ∑
Hdis,heat,loss =
whereby
Cooling:
Cdis = ∑
Cdis,cool,loss =
whereby
whereby
whereby
Lighting:
Ellight = ∑
whereby
STEP 3: Generation
Heating:
Hheat,gen = (Hdis + Hven,dis + Hcool,gen) ∙ e3,th,heat
whereby
Elheat,gen =
SPC =
whereby
Cooling:
Absorber Hcool,gen = (Cdis + Cven,dis + Ccool,gen) ∙ e3,th,heat
whereby
Hcool,gen Thermal heating energy demand for absorption cooling generation in [kWh/m2a]
Cdis Thermal cooling energy demand for distribution in [kWh/m2a]
Cven,dis Thermal cooling energy demand for HVAC distribution in [kWh/m2a]
e3,th,heat Effort number for absorption cooling generation in [-]
whereby
Hcool,gen Thermal heating energy demand for absorption cooling generation in [kWh/m2a]
elcool,re Specific electrical energy demand for re-cooling in [kW el/kWre-cool]
Compressor Elcool,gen,comp =
whereby
whereby
whereby
whereby
whereby
APPENDIX 6
DECONSTRUCTION / DEMOLITION
TRANSPORT TO MANUFACTURER
WASTE PROCESSING
USE / APPLICATION
CLING POTENTIAL
MANUFACTURING
REFURBISHMENT
REPLACEMENT
MAINTENANCE
DISPOSAL
REPAIR
System Boundaries included in the LCA
of the construction A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
Structure - structural designs
Excavation
Excavation
Shoring works
Water control
Excavation, other
Foundation
Subsoil improvement x x x x x x
Surface foundations x x x x x x
Deep foundations x x x x x x
Subsoil and base plates x x x (x)1 x x x
2 1
Flooring x x x (x) (x) x x x
Water proofing of building x x x (x)1 x x x
1
Drainage x x x (x) x x x
Foundation, other x x x (x)1 x x x
External walls
Load bearing external walls x x x (x)1 x x x
1
Non-load bearing external walls x x x (x) x x x
External supports x x x (x)1 x x x
2 1
External doors and windows x x x (x) (x) x x x
2 1
External wall cladding, external x x x (x) (x) x x x
External wall cladding, internal x x x (x)2 (x)1 x x x
1
Unitised external walls x x x (x) x x x
Sun protection x x x (x)1 x x x
1
External walls, other x x x (x) x x x
Internal walls
Load bearing internal walls x x x (x)1 x x x
Non-load nearing internal walls x x x (x)1 x x x
1
Internal supports x x x (x) x x x
Internal doors and windows x x x (x)2 (x)1 x x x
2 1
Internal wall cladding x x x (x) (x) x x x
Unitised internal walls x x x (x)1 x x x
1
Internal walls, other x x x (x) x x x
Ceilings
Ceiling structures x x x (x)1 x x x
Ceiling coverings x x x (x)2 (x)1 x x x
2 1
Ceiling cladding x x x (x) (x) x x x
Ceilings, other x x x (x)1 x x x
Roofs
Roof constructions x x x (x)1 x x x
2 1
Roof windows, roof openings x x x (x) (x) x x x
Roof membranes x x x (x)1 x x x
1
Roof cladding x x x (x) x x x
Roofs, other x x x (x)1 x x x
Structural construction installations
General installations x x x (x)1 x x x
Special installations x x x (x)1 x x x
1
Structural construction installations, other x x x (x) x x x
Other provisions for structural design
Building site facilities
Scaffolding
Safeguarding measures
Demolition measures
Repair
Disposal of materials
Additional measures
Provisional arrangements
Other provisions for structural design, other
Building and technical installations
Waste water, water, gas facilities
Waste water facilities x x x (x)1 (x)3 x x x
Water installations x x x (x)1 (x)3 x x x
TRANSPORT TO MANUFACTURER
TRANSPORT TO MANUFACTURER
TRANSPORT TO MANUFACTURER
TRANSPORT TO MANUFACTURER
TRANSPORT TO BUILDING SITE
MANUFACTURING
MANUFACTURING
System boundaries in the usage phase A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
Operating costs
Utilities
Water x
Oil x
Gas x
Solid fuel x
District heating x
Power x
Technical media
Utilities, other
Repair costs
Repair of the structural design
Foundation (x)1) (x)3) (x)2
External walls (x)1) (x)3) (x)2)
1) 3)
Internal walls (x) (x) (x)2)
Ceilings (x)1) (x)3) (x)2)
1 3
Roofs (x) (x) (x)2
Structural construction installations (x)1 (x)2
1
Repair of the structural design, other (x) (x)2
Repair of the technical equipment
Waste water, water, gas facilities (x)2) x
2)
Heat supply facilities (x) x
Air conditioning systems (x)2) x
2)
Electrical power installations (x) x
2
Communication and information systems (x)
Conveyor belts (x)2
Usage specific systems (x)2 x
Building automation (x)2
Repair of the technical equipment (x)2
Repair of the outdoor facilities
Grounds area
Paved areas
Structural design of the outdoor facilities
Technical equipment in the outdoor facili-
ties
Fixtures in the outdoor facilities
Repair of the outdoor facilities, other
APPENDIX 7
Based on the German “Ökobau.dat” developed by PE INTERNATIONAL, the ESUCO database (European SUstainable COnstruction Database) is tailored to suit the
European market.
As a DGNB Consultant or Auditor, you can gain free access to ESUCO via the password-protected area of the DGNB website. Read the guidance note entitled „ESUCO
Short Description “for advice on how to downloaded and unzip the database.
Once unzipped, the folder contains the following files:
ESUCO_International
ESUCO
processes
Note:
Please use Internet Explorer to open the datasets to ensure that the data is displayed correctly. The data cannot be viewed in other browsers.
The Life Cycle Assessment is completed by a process of linking the quantities captured in the Mass Balance to the data in the ESUCO database. The Mass Balance
should be as complete and comprehensive as possible.
We advise following the structure set out in APPENDIX 1 of Criterion ECO 1.1 in listing the items in the mass balance.
In linking the mass balance to the database, please ensure that you select the appropriate ESUCO dataset for each item and that you accurately calculate all of the life
cycle phases mentioned in the criterion (i.e. production, use, and end-of.-life). The dataset for each material includes all of the five environmental impact potentials which
must be listed individually in the final evaluation.
The DGNB system captures a standard life cycle of fifty years. This means that materials with a shorter life span must be factored in several times. For example, a material
with a life span of 10 years must be replaced five times. As a result the data for production and end-of-life must be factored in to the calculation five times.
Whereas the DGNB criterion uses kilowatt hours per square meter (kWh/m²), some ESUCO datasets are quoted in Mega joule MJ. Please include this data using the
conversion factor 1kWh = 3.6 MJ
Ideally, the ESUCO dataset should perfectly match the exact material for the relevant country in question. Where this is not possible, please select a plausible proxy (e.g. a
material or country which is comparable in terms of energy generation and demand) and provide an adequate explanation for the selection you have made.
For example, the dataset for manufacturer specific concrete is not included in ESUCO. In this case, the average dataset for the production of concrete in the EU can be
used in its place.
Please ensure you select the appropriate electricity generation mix for the country in question. The same principle applies to the heat source mix, however please note that
this is not provided in ESUCO and that you may need to conduct some additional research to identify and explain the appropriate heat source mix for the country in ques-
tion.
The evaluation method is explained in more detail in the criterion.