CAPTHER IV

STRUCTURE OF THESIS RESEARCH

4.1 Research Design

In this research, the sample is university student in Denpasar, Bali. The research design would

be as follow.
Obese students who are studying in
Medical faculty

Inform consent and

questionnaire filling

High glycemic index food

Obese teenagers among medical

student

Data Analysis

Figure 4.1 flowchart of research design execution

 In this research, research would be done by descriptive cross-sectional design. According to the

research design chosen, all the data will be collected in one point of time. By choosing the cross-sectional

design, this research would be facilitated to be done, faster in obtaining the result, and would suppress the

research expenses. This research result would be represent about obesity among medical student in

University Udayana Denpasar,Bali.

4.2 Subjects and Samples

4.2.1 Population Variability

1. Target population : Obese Students in University Udayana, Denpasar

2. Sample : Medical student which agreed to participate in this

research.

4.2.2 Subjects Criterion

This whole investigation will take place on campus students. All the student of different

semester who are studying in medicine faculty of UNUD will be selected. They will approached and

provided inform consent before participating in this investigation. The inclusion criteria’s for this

investigation are the participants selected must be aged more than 17 years old, from both genders, stable

mental status, and join the study willingly.

4.2.3 Sampling technique

In order to filling up the samples needed, a non- probability sampling method would be

used. All the samples method is the medical students in UNUD that have agreed to participate and those

who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criterion would be taken and analyzed to fulfill the number of

samples needed.
4.3 Research Variable

4.3.1 Identification of variables

1. Age (medical student above 17 years old)

2. Parent’s obese history

3. Physical activity

4. Daily food consumption

5. Gender

6. Certain medical condition that are related to obesity

4.4 Research Period and Site

This research will be conducted at the medical faculty of University Udayana, Denpasar, Bali.

4.5 Research Equipment

1. Stationary

2. Laptop

3. Questionnaire

4.6 Data Analysis

4.6.1 Data Tabulation

Data tabulation was carried out through three following steps :

1. Editing step : Editing all the data

2. Cleaning step : Re-examine all the data, for minimizing mistakes that might occur

3. Tabulation step : Inserting all the data into the table

4.6.2 Data Analysis

Data analysis was done after data tabulation completed. In this research, all of collected data

would then be analyzed using statistic software, SPSS version 17. All the nominal data, including parent’s

obese history, physical activity, daily food consumption, gender, socioeconomic status, certain medical

condition that are related to obesity, would be presented in the form of distribution of frequencies, either

as a result table or as a result graph.

 CHAPTER III

FRAME OF RESEARCH AND RESEARCH CONCEPT

3.1 Frame of Research

The rising prevalence of obesity, not only in adult but also in children, is one of the most

important public health problems in developed and developing countries. The obesity is a state of

increasing of body fat mass. It can be influenced by several factors, such as environmental factor

and hormonal factor. Obesogenic lifestyle, such as less physical activity, consuming high

glycemic index food, imbalans food composition, and sedentary lifestyle.

As this obesogenic lifestyle continues, obesity developed. Increasing of fat in obese

people means increasing leptin hormone production from adipose cell. This ceaselessly leptin

firing to the brain, result in resistance in leptin signal in obese people. Normally leptin gives a

satiety signal to the brain, thus in obese people there is no satiety signal that is worsening the

obese condition.

Restaurant dining and fast food restaurant particularly have been major contributors to the

obesity epidemic. High glycemic index meals produced lower fatty acids concentration

throughout the day and lower the rates of fat oxidation.

3.2 Research Concept

Obese among teenagers

12 to 18 years old

genetic factors Social factors

dietary intake stress factor

Drugs Environmental factors

Figure 3.2 description of research variables

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research Background

Indonesia is one of the developing countries in the world with its own health problems.

Mostly developing countries face poverty, infection and nutritional problems. Malnutrition is one of

the biggest and most effecting cause of health problem, both overnutrition and undernutrition.

Obesity has become more and more widespread, increasingly recognized as one of the biggest

global health problems. According to themo estimate of the world health organization (WHO), the

prevalence of obese individuals across the world estimated at 9.8% in 2005. Obesity serves as one of

the most important risk factors of various chronic disease other circulatory disease including acute

coronary heart disease other circulatory diseases, diabetes and several types of cancer (e.g colon

cancer), (WHO).

As the country develops and growing old, there is emendation in certain aspect, mostly

important in economic aspect. People start to afford to buy better food or any food with greater value.

Advance technology with the use of motor vehicle and electronics take a big role in decreasing

physical activity and finally reduced energy expenditures. On the other hand, fast food with its

outstanding commercials changes food consumption composition. This changes, with low physical

activity and lead to obesogenic lifestyle.

In the united states of America, half of the population are overweight and 19% obese , making

obesity one of the most significant public health problems facing U.S adolescent, ( Flegal,2010).

Substances use during adolescence contributes to a variety of adverse consequences (e.g, impaired

physical health and psychosocial maladjustment ) in adolescence and such negative impacts usually

persist throughout subsequent life stages ( Jeynes et al Oesterle ,2004). Detrimental lifestyles such as

an unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity, which may heighten the risk of obesity such as

smoking, poor food choice, and sedentary activity patterns have been found to be clustered among

adolescents (lytle, 2012). Cigarette smoking has been linked to a subsequent increase in body fat.
 Childhood and adolescent obesity is a strong predictor of adult obesity. US population in

one study found that in children 10 to 15 years old, 80% obese youth were obese by age 25 (Whitaker,

1997). The rise in childhood and adolescent obesity is not only deleterious to individual health, but comes

at increasing cost to the public. Between 1998 and 2006 the medical burden of obesity increased from 6.5

percent to 9.1 percent of annual medical spending (Finkelstein, 2009).

As we focus on health problem, especially in the raising overnutrition problem, it is

appealing to study obesity because there’s still less concern in this problem especially in adolescent. By

showing the prevalence of obesity, we can start to think about the risk factor, and the prevention strategies

and changes in health pattern nowadays, so that it can be a small step to lessen the nation health problem

and burden.
1.2 Problem Formulation

 What is the prevalence of obesity students who are studying in Universitas Udayana , Denpasar,
Bali and factors influence obesity?

1.3 Specific problem

There are few specific problems which will reviewed in this research are
as follows :
1) What is the total obesity problem among the students of Universitas udayana Denpasar, Bali?
2) What is the dominant factor contribute obesity among medical students in
Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali?

1.4 Aim
1.4.1 General Aim
To know the prevalence of the obesity problem among university students who are studying in
Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali.
1.4.2 Specific Aim
There are few specific aim from the research. It is followed as below :
1. To find out the total obesity problem among the students of Universitas Udayana,
Denpasar, Bali.

2. To find out the most dominant factor contributes to obesity among students in
Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali.

1.5 Benefits
1. It is expected that the results of this quantitative descriptive study will be used as the basis
of a study of data analysis.
2. It is expected that this study can be considered in efforts to improve the quality of education
and life, especially regarding obesity among adolescent.