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“Human development is the expansion of people’s freedom to live long, healthy and creative
lives; to advance other goals they have reason to value; and to engage actively in shaping
development equitably and sustainably on a shared planet. People are both the beneficiaries and
the drivers of human development, as individuals and in groups”
1. Life sustaining goods and services: To increase the availability and widen the
distribution of basic life-sustaining goods such as food, shelter, health and
protection.
2. Higher incomes: To raise levels of living, including, in addition to higher
incomes, the provision of more jobs, better education, and greater attention
to cultural and human values, all of which will serve not only to
enhance material well-being but also to generate greater individual and
national self-esteem
3. Freedom to make economic and social choices: To expand the range of
economic and social choices available to individuals and nations by freeing them
from servitude and dependence not only in relation to other people and nation-
states but also to the forces of ignorance and human misery.
Note the emphasis placed on cultural and human values, self-esteem and freedom
from ignorance; it is important to remember that development is about more than
advancing economic growth. Many economists believe development should be less
about growth, more about inclusive well-being and about building capacities and
resilience in a fast-changing and unpredictable world.
Dudley Sears has defined development as “the reduction and elimination of poverty,
inequality and unemployment within a growing economy”
Early mortality
Persecution
Starvation / malnutrition
Illiteracy
For many, economic development should be about increasing political freedom, cultural
and social freedom and not just about raising incomes
In An Uncertain Glory, Sen argues that India’s main problems lie in the lack of attention
paid to the essential needs of the people, especially the poor
https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/economic-development
However – it is important to realise that there are disadvantages from economic growth
i.e. economic and social costs.
https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/can-economic-growth-help-development