RUBBER SHEARING FORCE (RADIAL) APPARATUS

Rubber Shearing Force (Radial) Apparatus

NOTE:

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this manual is accurate;
however no labiality is accepted for errors. Should an error be discovered please inform the
company in writing, giving full details. Any experimental results given are for guidance only and
are not guaranteed as exact answers that can be obtained for a given apparatus; due to the
complex variables applicable to most experiments.

EES
 Rubber Shearing Force (Radial) Apparatus

Table of Contents
Page
1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 1

2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................... 2

2.1 Unit Assembly ............................................................................................................ 2

3. SUMMARY OF THEORY ............................................................................................ 3

3.1 Shear Stress ................................................................................................................. 3

4. EXPERIMENTS ............................................................................................................ 7
4.1 Objective ..................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Procedure .................................................................................................................... 7
4.3 Observations ............................................................................................................... 7

APPENDIX A Experiment Data Sheets

EES
 Rubber Shearing Force (Radial) Apparatus

1 INTRODUCTION:

The EES® Rubber in Shear (Radial) Apparatus demonstrates the relationship between
shear load and shear strain.

Relatively simple experiments permit determination of the angle of shear of a material

subjected to different shear forces.

The rubber in shear (Radial) apparatus is suitable both for trainee practical work in the
laboratory and for the performance of demonstration experiments by the instructor.

EES 1
 Rubber Shearing Force (Radial) Apparatus

2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION:

The rubber in shear apparatus essentially consists of two circular steel bars connected to a
rubber block, with the block acting as shear element. One of the circular steel bar is
attached to the dial gauge, whereas a force can be applied to the other by fitting weights
to a hook.

The resultant deformation is measured by a dial gauge attached to a holder.

The unit is mounted on the wall using the screws, dowels and washers provided.

EES 2
 Rubber Shearing Force (Radial) Apparatus

3 SUMMARY OF THEORY:

3.1 Shear Stress:

L: Length of rubber from base board to front

r: Bar radius
φ: Radial Shear angle
λ: Sector
: Angle of slip

As we know,
M=F∙a (1)

Where
F: Force in N
a: Lever arm length

Shearing strain y:

The shearing strain is the shearing strain of two cross sections to one another in
terms of the unit of length L.

=λ/L (2)

Reciprocal of coefficient of rigidity/ Reciprocal of shear modulus :

The reciprocal of the coefficient of rigidity is

= / τt [mm2 / N] (3)

Modulus of elasticity in shear or rigidity G:

The glide ratio or reciprocal of coefficient of rigidity is the reciprocal value of the
modulus of rigidity

G=1/ [N / mm2] (4)

Shear stress τt :
Hooke's law for torsion
Shear stress on radius r

τt = G ∙ (5)

Shear stress in surface area τtmax

Where Wp: Polar moment of resistance

Mt: Torsion moment

τtmax = Mt/Mp (6)

Angle of rotation in radian measure

EES 3
 Rubber Shearing Force (Radial) Apparatus

where Ip: Polar moment of inertia

φ = Mt ∙ L / G ∙ IP (7)

Angle of rotation in degrees

φ = 180o ∙ Mt ∙ L / π ∙ G ∙ IP (8)

Specific angle of rotation

The specific angle of rotation is an angle rotation related to the length

θ = Mt / G ∙ IP [ o / cm] ; [ 1 / cm] (9)

Polar moment of inertia for circular cross section

IP = π ∙ d4 / 16 (10)

Polar moment of resistance for circular cross section

WP = π ∙ d3 / 16 (11)

The Load Lever and dial lever

Fig.

EES 4
 Rubber Shearing Force (Radial) Apparatus

Fig.

The dial gauge is a distance of “s” from the axis of rotation. Why?

φ = b/s

Fig.

For a small angle:

For a small angle φ, the sector b can be very accurately replaced by direct display
on the dial gauge y.

Then, φ = y/s

Fig.

According to give figures,

EES 5
 Rubber Shearing Force (Radial) Apparatus

a= Load arm Length

d= Diameter of sample
L= Length of Rubber from base plate to the front.
y= Deflection
m= hanged weight

As,

m= 1kg = 9.81N= F

G = Mt / (WP . )

For torsional Moment (Mt),

Mt = F. a

Polar moment of resistance for circular cross-section;

WP = π ∙ d3 / 16

Radial shear sector (λ) we have;

λ = (d . y) / (β . s)

For angle of slip ( );

=λ/L

Hence, for shear Modulus (G);

G = Mt / (WP . )

Theoretically from Tables

G = 0.3 N/mm2

EES 6
 Rubber Shearing Force (Radial) Apparatus

4 EXPERIMENTS:

4.1 Objective:

To find, Shear modulus of rubber.

4.2 Procedure:

1. Before starting the experiment, the tip of the dial gauge must be positioned.
2. Moving the gauge involves unfastening the knurled screw.
3. The dial gauge is then set to zero by turning the scale.
4. Forces of differing magnitude are successively applied to the shear element.
5. For this purpose, a weight is suspended from the hook of the circular steel bar
by way of the weight holder.

4.3 Observations:

Sr. # Diameter Length of Load Displacement Shear

of Rubber specimen added on dial gauge modulus
d from base m y G
(mm) plate to (Kg) (mm) (N/mm2)
front
L
(mm)

EES 7
 Rubber Shearing Force (Radial) Apparatus

APPENDIX A
Experiment Data Sheets

EES
 Rubber Shearing Force (Radial) Apparatus

Sr. # Diameter Length of Load Displacement Shear

of Rubber specimen added on dial gauge modulus
d from base m y G
(mm) plate to (Kg) (mm) (N/mm2)
front
L
(mm)

Sr. # Diameter Length of Load Displacement Shear

of Rubber specimen added on dial gauge modulus
d from base m y G
(mm) plate to (Kg) (mm) (N/mm2)
front
L
(mm)

EES