1. (a) A carpenter working outdoors decided to take a break. He left all his tools in the sun.

When he

returned, he picked up a nail and the hammer by its wooden handle to finish the job. He observed

that the handle of the hammer was warm and the nail was hot.

(i) Suggest how heat energy is transferred.

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(2 marks)

(ii) Explain why the handle of the hammer and the nail had different temperatures.

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(2 marks)

(iii) The carpenter automatically drops the hot nail as he picks it up. Explain how the nervous

system causes the carpenter to respond in this manner.

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___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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(4 marks)
 (iv) Name the process by which the heat is transferred from the nail to the carpenter’s hand.

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(1 mark)

(v) On very hot days the carpenter prefers to hold the nails with a glove made of thick cloth. How

does the glove prevent his hand from being burnt by the nail?

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___________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(b) (i) Distinguish among conduction, convection and radiation of heat energy.

Conduction__________________________________________________________________________

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Convection__________________________________________________________________________

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Radiation____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

(3 marks)

(ii) Give ONE example of a conductor and ONE example of an insulator.

Conductor___________________________________________________________________________

Insulator____________________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

TOTAL 15 MARKS
2. (a) John’s office is located in a warehouse. It has one entrance and a window which opens onto a

garage.

(i) The visiting health inspector told John that his office was poorly ventilated. Give TWO reasons

for the inspector’s comment.

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(2 marks)

(ii) Suggest TWO likely effects of the poor ventilation.

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(2 marks)

(iii) Recommend TWO actions that could be taken to improve the ventilation and air quality in the

office.

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(2 marks)
(b) One of John’s hobbies include scuba diving.

(i) Construct a food chain using four organisms John may have observed while scuba diving.

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(2 marks)

(ii) From the food chain above, identify the following:

ONE carnivore_________________________________________________________________

ONE herbivore_________________________________________________________________

ONE producer__________________________________________________________________

(3 marks)

(iii) State THREE differences between a typical cell found in the producer above and a typical cell

found in the carnivore above.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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(4 marks)

TOTAL 15 MARKS