C1)

TECHNICAL NOTE 3014

CALCULATED SPANWISE LIFT DISTRIBUTIONS AND AERODYNAMIC

INFLUENCE COEFFICIENTS FOR IJNSWEPT WINGS

IN SUBSONIC FLOW

By Franklin W. Diederich and Martin Ziotnick

Langley Aeronautical Laboratory

Langley Field, Va.

Washington
September 1953
 NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS

TECHNICAL NOTE 30114W

CALCTJLA!I'ED SPANWISE LIFT DISTRIBUTIONS AND AERODYNAMIC

INFLUENCE COEFFICIENTS FOR UNSWEFT WINGS

TN SUBSONIC FLOW

By Franklin W. Diederich and. Martin Zlotnick

Spanwise lift distributions have been calculated for nineteen

unswept wings with various aspect ratios and taper ratios and with a
variety of angle-of-attack or twist distributions, including flap and
aileron deflections, by means of the Weissinger method with eight control
points on the semispan. Also calculated were aerodynamic influence coef-
ficients which pertain to a certain definite set of stations along the
span, and several methods are presented for calculating aerodynamic
influence coefficients for stations other than those stipulated.

The information presented herein can be used in the analysis of

untwisted wings or wings with known twist distributions, as well as in
aeroelastic calculations involving initially unknown twist distributions.

INTRODUCTION

In the design and development of an airplane, a knowledge of the

spanwise lift distribution on the wing is important in predicting the
structural loads and the stability characteristics. For high-speed air-
planes having flexible wings, the calculation of the spanwise lift dis-
tribution is an aeroelastic rather than a purely aerodynamic problem.
In aeroelastic calculations means are required for calculating the span-
wise lift distribution for angle-of-attack (or twist) distributions which
are initially unknown. Aerodynamic influence coefficients constitute the
most convenient of these means.

One of the most satisfactory techniques developed in recent years

for calculating the spanwise lift distribution on a wing in subsonic flow
has been the Weissinger L-niethod (ref. 1), which can be applied to a
large variety of plan forms and yields solutions of sufficient accuracy
for all practical purposes without requiring an unduly long time for the
calculations. This method may be considered. as a simplified lifting-
surface theory because the calculation of the lift on the wing is treated
 2 NACA TN 3O1

as a boundary-value problem, the boundary condition being that the down-

wash angle induced by the bound and trailing vortices is equal to the
geometric angle of attack at the three-quarter-chord line.

In the present paper, symmetrical and antisymmetrical lift distri-

butions and some associated aerodynamic parameters have been calculated
by means of the Weissinger method with eight control points on the semi-
span for several continuous and discontinuous angle-of-attack conditions
on nineteen unswept wings having various aspect ratios and taper ratios.
A convenient matrix formulation of the Weissinger method was used in con-
junction with the Bell Telephone Laboratories x-66714- relay computer at
the Langley Laboratory to make the calculations. This formulation is
described in appendix A.

Aerodynamic influence coefficients have been calculated for these

nineteen wings for a certain prescribed set of stations along the span
and are presented herein, and several methods for calculating aero-
dynamic influence coefficients for any arbitrary set of stations from
the numerical results of this paper are also presented. The influence
coefficients calculated in this manner can be used in aeroelastic anal-
yses similar to that of reference 2.

SYMBOLS

A aspect ratio

b wing span

bail aileron span

bf flap span

• CBM root bending-moment coefficient for unit angle of attack,

2 x Bending moment
qSb

CD induced-drag coefficient at a unit angle of attack

CL lift coefficient at a unit angle of attack

lift-curve slope per radian for additional-te loading

C L1/2 lift, coefficient for half of antisymmetrically loaded wing at

I
a unit tip angle of attack,
q
NACA TN 3011I- 3

Rolling moment
C 1 rolling-moment coefficient,
qSb

= _Clp

C 1 coefficient of damping in roll

C 1 /a5 rolling-moment coefficient for unit aileron deflection

c wing chord

average chord, S/b

c1 section lift coefficient

integrating matrix for CBM (see appendix A)

L'CBM]

Integrating matrix for CL (see appendix A)

L'CL]

integrating matrix for C 12 (see appendix A)

LICLl/

Integrating matrix for C1 (see appendix A)

L'
L11 2 lift on one semispan

M free-stream Mach number

[QI aerodynamic-Influence-coefficient matrix

q dynamic pressure

S wing area

V free-stream velocity

y, lateral ordinates

y0 spanwise location of discontinuity

y spanwise center-of-pressure location

a angle of attack, radians

II. NACA TN 30111.

effective angle of attack for unit flap deflection, dc1/d5

1' vortex strength

dimensionless vortex strength, = cc1

5 flap or aileron deflection angle, radians

o cos y*

0 0 - cos y*

-1 *
iCOS Ti

A sweepback angle, deg

A taper ratio

Subscripts:

a antisymmetrical

au aileron

C continuous

D discontinuous

f flap

L left

R right

s symmetrical

t tip

Superscript:
* dimensionless with respect to semispan b/2


NACA TN 3Ol1 -

Matrix notation:

[ j row matrix

}
column matrix

[ ] general matrix (not a row or a column matrix, but need not

be square)

Li diagonal matrix

[11 unit (identity) matrix

In matrix notation, a prime indicates the transpose of the matrix.

PRESENTATION OF CALCULATED RESULTS

Spanwise Lift Distributions

Geometric characteristics of the nineteen plan forms treated in

this paper are indicated, in table I. Lift distributions due to the
following continuous symmetric and antisymmetric angle-of-attack dis-
tributions have been calculated for each of these plan forms:

Symmetric angle-of-attack distributions:

Constant (a = 1)
Linear (a= II)
uaratic (a 2)

Cubic (a = ly*31)
Straight-line (a =

Antisymmetric angle-of-attack distributions:

Linear (a = y-3)
Quadratic (a = for y* ^ 0; a = _y* 2 for y* a)

Cubic (a = *3)

Quartic (a = y* for y* 0; a = _y* for y*

Quintic (a = 5)
 NACA TN 3Ol

The straight-line angle-of-attack condition was included to repre-

sent actual structural twists where the surface of the wing is generated
by straight lines so that the product c*a , the deflection of the leading
edge, varies linearly with y*; that is,

c*a = ct*y*czt

or, for unit twist at the tip,

*
Ct *
a = y

For untapered wings, the straight-line lift distribution is the same as

the linear lift distribution, and for wings of zero taper ratio, it is
undefined.

Lift distributions for flap-ty-pe and aileron-type angle-of-attack

distributions are also presented. A correction which has been made for
the spanwise discontinuity in the angle of attack is derived in
appendix B. The values of b f/b and bail/b (ratios of the flap span
to the total span and the aileron span to the total span, respectively)
for which the lift distributions have been calculated are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3,
O.li., 0. 7, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0. As is usual, the flaps have been
taken to be inboard and the ailerons outboard. The lift distribution
for any flap or aileron configuration may be obtained, however, by
linear superposition; thus, the lift distribution for an outboard flap
extending, for example, from y = 0.5 to y* = 1.0 can be obtained
/bf
by subtracting the lift distribution for the inboard flap = 0.7

from the additional lift distribution = 1.0). A similar procedure

can be used for inboard ailerons.

The lift distributions pertaining to each plan form are given in

one figure, parts (a) and (b) showing the lift distribution due to sym-
metric and antisymmetric continuous angle-of-attack distributions,
respectively, and parts (c) and (d) showing the lift distribution due
to flaps and ailerons, respectively. Lift distributions for plan forms
with an aspect ratio approaching zero have been taken from reference 3
and are included herein in figure 1 for the sake of completeness. (As.
indicated in ref. 5, the lift distribution for a wing of very low aspect
ratio is independent of the plan form, provided the trailing edge is not
reentrant.) The lift distributions on the nineteen wings considered in
the present paper are presented in figures 2 to 20. Table I serves as
a table of contents for this group of figures.
NACA TN 30111- 7

Aerodynamic Parameters

The aerodynamic parameters C, CBM, •S*, CD., Cld, and C12

for the nineteen plan forms considered are compiled in table II. The
values of CL and CBM for a unit effective flap deflection are pre-
sented in table III, and the values of CL and C 1 /a5 for a unit
1/2 6/U

effective aileron deflection are presented in table TV.

Aerodynamic Influence Coefficients

for Stipulated Stations

Aerodynamic influence coefficients for symmetric and antisymmetric

lift distributions were obtained as shown in appendix A and are pre-
sented as the matrices [Qj1 and [] in tables V(a) and v(b), respec-
tively. Each influence-coefficient matrix in the table applies to a
given plan form. These influence-coefficient matrices are used to cal-
culate the spanwise lift distribution for any continuous angle-of-attack
condition from the following matrix expressions:

and
= C L] fas
1 (1)

?a} = C i [QaJ aa}

J
for the symmetrical and antisymmetrical distributions, respectively,
where a is the angle of attack at stations y = 0.9808, 0.9259,
0.8315, 0.7071, 0.5556, 0.3827, 0.1951, and 0 and is the desired
lift at these stations. In this paper the convention is that the angle
of attack for the station nearest the wing tip (y* = 0.9808) is the
first element of the angle-of-attack matrix .ja} and the lift at the
same station is the first element of the lift-distribution matrix
The matrices [Q 5] and [Qa] of table V are arranged accordingly.

DEVELOPNT OF AERODYNAMIC INFLUENCE COEFFIC IEMS

FOR ARBITRARY STATIONS

The influence coefficients described in the preceding section are

satisfactory for many purposes; for instance, the stipulated stations at
8 NACA TN 3OJA

which the lift is given are convenient for. plotting spanwise lift distri-
butions because the points are concentrated near the wing tip where the
curvature of the lift distributions is greatest. In some cases, however,
other considerations may determine the points on the span at which the
lift is to be calculated. For instance, when the influence coefficients
are to be used in an aeroelastic analysis, the location of the stations
may be dictated by the structural characteristics of the wing; also, if
lift distributions are to be calculated for the sake of comparison with
experimental results, this comparison can be facilitated by calculating
the lift at the same stations at which it is measured and thus avoiding
the necessity of graphical or numerical interpolation.

The following sections describe several methods for developing

aerodynamic influence coefficients for arbitrary stations.

Method Using Interpolating Matrices

One way of constructing an influence-coefficient matrix for any

stations from the matrices presented herein is to calculate interpo-
lating matrices which give the angles of attack at = 0.9808, 0.9239,
0.8315, 0.7071, 0.3827, 0.1951, and 0 in terms of the angles of
attack at the given stations and the values of the lift at the given
stations in terms of those at the stations y* = 0.9808, 0 . 9239, 0.8315,
0.7071, 0.5556, 0.3827, 0.1951, and 0. The desired influence-coefficient
matrix would then be obtained by postmultiplying the one given herein by
the angle-of-attack interpolating matrix and premultiplying it by the
lift interpolating matrix.

In order to illustrate the natu e of these calculations, a pair of

matrices are calculated for
linear interpolation. (The
given and those at which thi
but here, as in most cases,
of convenience.)
stations at every tenth of the sexnispan by
stations at which the angle of attack is
lift is to be found need not be the same,
they are chosen to be the same as a matter

With linear interpolation,

a0980 8 = 0.808ai.o +

a0 9239 = 0. 239Z1 0 + 0. 6ia0

a0 8315 = 0. 315a0 + 0. 685a0 8

a0 =a0
NACA TN 3OlI - 9

which can be written in matrix form as

a09808 0.808 0.192 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Crrj923 9 0.2390.761 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a09

0 0.315 0.685 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a08

a07071 = 0 0 0.071 0.929 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a07

a0.5556 0 0 0 0 0.556' O. 1i114 0 0 0 0 0 aU6

a0.3827 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.827 0.173 0 0 0 a0,

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.951 0.01 9 0

a0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.000 a03

a02

a01

a0

where the rectangular matrix on the right side of the equation is the
desired angle-of-attack interpolating matrix.

Similarly, for the lift distribution,

(This information is known 'rom physical considerations; to calculate

P 10 by extrapolation from and would give a
spurious value.)

o.o685i
0.9 = 0.8315 + 0.9239 O.83l5)
= O.714.lr*O 9239 + O.259I*0 8315

* * °°929(r*08315 - r*07071)
0.8 = 0.7071 + 0. 121414.

= O.7) 7F*o83i5 - O.253F*0707l

-
0 - 0

10 NACA TN 3011 -

or, in matrix form,

0 0 *
r* 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 £ 0.9808
0 *
F 0 O.7!l 0.259 0 0 0 0 r 0.9239

F*8 0 0 0.71.7 0.253 0 0 0 0 8315

*
0 0 0 0.953 0.0117 0 0 0 r 0.7071
0 *
F*o . 6 0 0 0 0.293 0. 70 1 0 0 F 0.5556

= 0 0 0 0 0.679 0.321 0 0 r*o.382?

*
0 0 0 0 0.100 0.900 0 0 F
*
0 0 0 0 0 0.559 0.141 0 FO

F0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0.026 0.9714 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0.513 o.li.87

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.00

where the rectangular matrix on the right side of the equation is the
desired lift interpolating matrix.

Although linear interpolation is by far the simplest type, the

results obtained with it are not so accurate as a higher-order interpo-
lation procedure. Parabolic interpolation should be satisfactory for
the angle-of-attack matrix and for most of the lift-distribution matrix,
except near the wing tip. The numerical factors required for parabolic
interpolation can be calculated by means of Lagrange t s interpolation
formula for an mth degree polynomial

m+ 1
:i:i
tf* *
m+l
f (y*) = f(y*)i=l
k=1 mi *
II 'Y k - I
i=1
NACA TN 5011i. 11

where f(y*) represents either the lift or the angle-of-attack distri-

bution, y* is the station at which f(y*) is to be determined by
interpolation, and y*1, 2' • . are the stations at which f(y)
is presumed to be known. The prime mark on the product signs is the
conventional designation of the fact that the term for i = k is to be
omitted. For parabolic interpolation (m = 2) this formula reduces to

(h - 2)(h - +
= f(Y*l)( - y*2 )(y*1 - y*3)

(h - l)(Y*h - 3) +
- y*1)(f2 - y*3)

- y*)(y*
(h - 2)
- 1)(y*3
- 2)

Near the wing tip the lift distribution cannot be approximated

accurately by an ordinary parabola but can be represented instead by a
1/2 and (1 - 3/2
linear superposition of the two functions (1 - y*)
as suggested by V. M. Falkner. With this approximation the desired inter-
polating factors for y* between 0.9239 and 1 are the two elements of the
row matrix obtained by postmultiplying the row matrix by the square matrix
in the equation

9.652 -1.223 i r 0.98081

= [(l - y*)h/2 r
(i -
835 6 3 . 7o LF 0.9239J

For y* = 0.96, for instance, the factors obtained in this manner are
0. 91 51 and 0.2651, so that
0.96 = o.9157r*O 9808 + 0.2651F*o39

lagrange 's general interpolation formula can be used for higher-

order interpolation (in > 2), but the effort entailed in calculating the
interpolating factors is not generally justified by the increase in
accuracy obtainable compared to parabolic interpolation.

12 NACA TN 30111.

Interpolating factors for a and can also be obtained by

representing these functions by Fourier series in -3. For the lift dis-
tribution the trigonometric interpolation formula

n n
r*() = 2 ::i r(1) :i sin sin Jh
n+11...1 j=l

can be used, where n = 15 for the calculations in this paper, and

where, as in this paper, the values of i are at equal increments
= . For the angle-of-attack distribution this formula is not
n+1
applicable, because the angle-of-attack distribution cannot be repre-
sented accurately by a finite sine series and because the angle-of-
attack values are presumed to be given at nonequal increments in '8.
(If they were given at eight equal increments no interpolation would be
required..) Although in principle a matrix-inversion method could be
based on an expansion of the angle-of-attack distribution in a cosine
series, the matrices to be inverted are generally ill-behaved so that
the results are likely to be of doubtful accuracy.

Methods Using Green's Function

Basis of methods.- Although the aerodynamic-influence-coefficient

matrices discussed in the preceding section have the property that when
postmultiplied by the angle-of-attack matrix [a} and multiplied by the
lift-curve slope they yield the lift-distribution matrix {r*], their
individual elements have no direct physical significance. On the other
hand, a structural influence coefficient has the significance that it
represents the deformation at one point caused by a unit concentrated
force at another point. A corresponding type of aerodynamic influence
coefficient would represent the lift at one point y due to a "unit
concentrated angle of attack" at another point y0*. This angle of
attack is actually an angle-of-attack distribution represented by a
Dirac delta (impulse) function of the distance along the span, that is,
a function which, in the limiting case as Ly* approaches zero, is
zero everywhere except in the interval y0* y* y0* + y0* where

the ordinate is equal to the area under this function would

always be 1, which justifies the use of the term "unit" in connection

with this distribution. The desired influence coefficients would then
be the values (at various values of *) of the lift distributions due
to these angle-of-attack distributions for various values of y0*.


NACA TN 30]A 13

The desired lift distributions, which constitute a ty-pe of Green's

function for Weissinger's integral equation, can be obtained as follows.
Let p*(y*y*) be the lift distribution for a unit effective deflec-
tion of a flap which is located between y* = y0* and y* = 1. Then
the lift distribution for an angle-of-attack distribution for which
the angle of attack is zero everywhere except in the interval
y* y0* + y0* , where it is is given by

- r*(y*,yo*+ir0*)
Ar *
'-V

The lift distribution corresponding .to the unit concentrated angle-of-

attack distribution therefore is the limit of this expression as
F*(r3f , y0*)
approaches zero, which is - by definition. For any given
^flr *
*10
angle-of-attack distribution the lift distribution can be determined by
linear superposition of lift distributions of the Green's function type
as follows:

p1
r*(y*)
= J 1
a(y*) dy0* (2)

The desired Green's function can thus be obtained by calculating

p*(y*y*) and taking its partial derivative with respect to y0*. A
more convenient approach, however, is to consider synirnetric and anti-
symmetric loadings separately. By a repetition of the preceding argu-
ment the following results are then obtained:

1 (y*y*) dy
F*(y*)
=10 a5(y0*)
y0 *
* (3)

1 aii(y*,yo*) dy
F*a(y*)
= f
0
(y0*) 0* (Ii.)

where, as elsewhere in this paper, F f is the lift distribution (as a

function of y*) for an inboard flap extending over the interval
_y0* y* ^ y*, and F *ail is the lift distribution for outboard
ailerons extending over the intervals y 0 ^ I y*I 1. The argument
y* in cL (yQ*) can be regarded simply as a variable of integration
corresponding to y*•
1)4- NACA TN 301)4-

The desired Green's function can thus be obtained from the flap and.
aileron distributions given herein by differentiation with respect to
y 0* . The results presented in parts (c) and. (d.) of figures 1 to 20 can,
I bf
for instance, be cross-plotted as functions of y0 * (y 0 * = for sym-

bail
metrical loadings, and y 0 * = - for antisyrnmetrical loadings) for

given values of y* and the differentiation then performed graphically.
The graphical procedure, however, is tedious and relatively inaccurate.
Similarly, numerical differentiation of these lift distributions would
tend. to be inaccurate. Two numerical procedures which avoid. differenti-
ation of the lift distributions are therefore presented. in the following
sections; one consists in calculating the desired. Green's functions
directly, and the other consists in using derivatives of the angle-of-
attack distribution.

Direct calculation of Green's functions. - Inasmuch as the desired.

Green's functions are lift distributions corresponding to angle-of-
attack distributions defined by delta functions, they can be calculated
directly provided the singularities in the angle-of-attack and lift dis-
tributions are taken into account. Appendix B of this paper describes
the method by which the singularities in the flap- and aileron-type
angle-of-attack and. lift distributions were taken into account. This
method is extended. to the case of impulse-type angle-of-attack distri-
butions in appendix C.

The resulting lift distributions rn* 5 1 and r* a ' are identical

(y* , y) _____________
with the Green's functions and - . They
0 0
contain logaritbmic singularities at y 0 * = y* which must be split off
before the integrals in equations (3) and -) can be evaluated numeri-
cally. For a symmetric distribution the procedure is as follows. For
a given value of y*,
r1
F*(y*) [a5(yo*) - 5(y* r*5 t( y*,y0*) dy0* +
=J
0

1
r*I(,y*)dy* (5)
a3()f

The first integral does not contain any singularity; the integrand is
zero at y 0 * = y* . The second integral can be evaluated explicitly and
is


NACA TN 30l1.4 15

where p*(y*) is the lift distribution for a = 1 over the entire

span, so that the right side of equation (5) can be evaluated numerically
without difficulty by using any set of integrating factors appropriate to
the stations of interest, such as those of Simpson's rule if the points
are equally spaced and the number of intervals between y* = 0 and
y* = 1 is even.

If these integrating factors are written in the form of a diagonal

matrix and designated by Lii, equation (5) can be written as

r* (y*) = st ,yo*)J Lh i{ syo a5(y*)] + a5(y*)r*51(y*)

(6)

Now, if the row matrix is defined as

L']
L1 -]Lo 000 0 100 ... 0]

with the element 1 at the position corresponding to y* and zeros

elsewhere, if the matrix is defined as a square matrix all the

rows of which are equal to ] y*], and if L11 represents the unit
matrix, then

= r*st,yo*L11[L1i -
ç*() L] {a5(y0*)

or
= s(*)
L] + t(,yo*)j L'l [ 11 -
r*s(y*) = c Qja5(yo*)} ( 7)

where the matrix IQ I defined by

L?J

r*s ( y* ) I
LJ L c LL •c [I1[Lli-L * ( 8)

16 NACA TN 30111

is the row matrix corresponding to y of the desired influence-

p*s (y*)
coefficient matrix [QS1• The values of can be obtained
U CT
directly from the curves labeled "Constant" of parts (a) or the curves
bf
for = 1.0 of parts (c) of figures 1 to 20, and the calculation of

r*st(y*,y0*)
is described in appendix C. This calculation must be
ttL
repeated for all other values of y* to obtain Q, so that, finally

lr*s(y*)1 rr*St(,yO*)Ll
-L51 (.9)
L= L c LL C
]

where
LIS1 Is a diagonal matrix in which the elements are the sums of

the elements in the rows of the matrix

r *5 '(,y0*)

L C ILhl
Similarly, for an antisymmetric distribution the singularity can be
split off in several ways, one of them being the following. For a given
value of y* equation ( ii-) can be written as

1
(y*) - ( y*F*t(y*,y0*)dy0* -
F*a (Y*) =

where *1(y*) is the lift distribution for a unit effective displace-

ment of a full-span aileron. In matrix notation this relation may be
written as

F*(y*) = CjdI*a(yo*) (10)

NACA TN 3011i. 17

where

L = L r*() j + LFat (re,

[ [i - Li1] (11)

F*ai(y*)
bail
The values of can be obtained from the curves for = 1.0
C b
of parts (d) of figures 1 to 20. This procedure must again be repeated
f or each value of y* to obtain all the rows of [Q with the result
that

= k*ai (y* l +

L
(12)
- 1LI1La1
Ldjd

where the diagonal matrix consists of the sums of the elements

L>11a1
of the rows of the matrix

[r*a
t ( *)1 L'l
f

In order to indicate the extent of the effort involved in calcu-

lating these influence-coefficient matrices, a step-by-step summary of
these calculations is given for with the obvious modifications

this procedure also applies to [Q. In the first six steps Green's

functions are calculated in accordance with the procedure indicated in

appendix C in the remaining steps
[II
is calculated in accordance
with the previous discussion in this section.

(1) For the values of cos1 y0* of interest, the values of

sin ne0 (for n = 1, 3, 5, . . . 15) are obtained from trigonometric
tables and assembled. in a matrix 4in nOo}.

18 NACA TN 5OlIt-

(2) This matrix is premultiplied by the matrix [[cos nI1

(See table VI.)
1
C0fl
(3) The resulting matrix is premultiplied by the matrix [Fal
taming the elements F(r*,y*) defined in appendix A. The evaluation
of this [Fal matrix is probably the most time-consuming part of the
calculation because it does not lend itself very readily to high-speed
automatic computation. For any one of the nineteeh plan forms considered
in this paper, the matrices 2 'aJ and 2 are available upon request

from the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.

( it-) The resulting matrix is premultiplied by the matrix [Q] given

in the present paper for the plan form of concern, and the matrix obtained
in this marmer is multiplied by the constant 1/it.

(5) The values of are calculated from equation (C3) for the

given values of 00 and for 8 n = 1, 2, . . . 8; they are then

16
I1' 5D
divided by C 1 and assembled in a matrix I the columns of which
ty
LCtr
pertain to given values of 0.

(6) The matrices obtained in steps ( It-) and (5) are added to obtain

L
11s
the matrix I

C1tz

r5(y*)

(7) Values of are obtained by reading the values of

at y defined by y* cos n = 1, 2, . . . 8, from figures 2

cC 16
to 20 for a constant value of a and multiplying them by these

values are assembled in a diagonal matrix

LC


NACA TN 30]A 19

(8) The matrix obtained in step (6) is postmultiplied by the

diagonal matrix of integrating factors Lii.

(9) The diagonal matrix

L1i is assembled from elements calcu-

lated by adding the elements in a given row of the matrix ootained in

step (3).

(io) The matrices obtained in steps (7) and (8) are added to each
other and that obtained in step (9) is subtracted from the sum. The
resulting matrix is the desired matrix as defined in equation (9).

The entire calculation thus involves the calculation of 8P values

sin nO0
of and of (P being the number of stations
D
four matrix multiplications, and three matrix additions, as well as the
calculation of the 6 elements of the matrix [F, if this matrix is
not available.

Calculation using spanwise derivative of the angle-of-attack distri-

bution.- Equation (3) can be integrated by parts to yield

nl (y0*) *
= a$(1)r*f(y*,1)
-J 0
* F
f (y*,y0 *)dy0 * ( 13)

where F*f(y*,1) is the lift distribution for a unit effective deflec-

tion of a full-span flap. Similarly, integrating equation (1) by parts
yields

l
I*a(y*) = ji(y*,y*)dy* (]A)

Jo y *

Here again the argument y0* in a(y0*) is merely a variable of inte-

gration, corresponding to y*. In these equations the lift distri-
butions F*f and Fail serve as influence functions, so that no Greents
functions need be calculated. Furthermore, neither these influence

functions nor, in most cases of interest, the functions 0 have

0
singularities in the range of integration, so that the numerical evalu-
ation of the integrals of equations (13) and (lii. ) can be effected very
readily.
20 NACA TN 30l

With a set of integrating factors Lii for the stations of interest

5
and the identity a (1) = a5(0)
pl
+ J 0
(y *)
Yo
° dy*, equation ( 15) can be

written as

f
= ;(o)r*f(f,1)} + L[r* (,l)1 -

[r*f (f, y*
['1
f (Yo* )1 (15)
*
oJ

where [p*f(l] is a matrix all the columns of which are equal to the

column matrix <[ (y* 1)]> and [Ii the diagonal matrix consisting

of the integrating factors. Equation (i) can be rewritten in terms of

a new influence-coefficient matrix defined by

*_(fYO*)1[f]

c
['i [L' Jj
(16)

as

= as(o)r*f(y*,l)} + CL (17)
Lo j

Similarly, with a new influence-coefficient matrix La] defined

by

_*_l(Y*,Yo*)1LI1
(18)
LQlalmLraicld
]

NACA TN 3011i 21

equation (A) can be written as

a(Yo* )1
= Cl dLQ'a]
L°J *
(19)

The matrices and are based on the assumption that

L's1 [Q'al

is nonsingular and continuous. However, this assumption is vio-

0
lated when a5 is discontinuous. Discontinuities in a result from
control-surface deflection or from deflection of parts of the wing rela-
tive to the rest of the wing and can be treated in the manner indicated
in appendix B or, more simply, by superposition of the lift distributions
given in figures 1 to 20. In the angle-of-attack distributions for which
influence coefficients are particularly useful, namely those due to
structural deformations, discontinuities cannot occur.

Discontinuities in can arise if simple beam theory is used

0
for wings with discontinuous stiffness distributions. Actually this
theory is inapplicable for such wings, and the spanwise slope of the
twist is never discontinuous. If, however, simple-beam theory is to be
used anyway for the sake of convenience and because the errors involved
are considered to be acceptable, then the matrices and
can still be used provided one of the stations is located at the point
of the discontinuity in the stiffness distribution and provided suitable
integrating factors are used.

The objection may be raised against the influence-coefficient mat-

rices and that they do not actually express the lift
['ai
distribution in terms of the angle-of-attack distribution but rather
require its derivative. Inaslnuch as the angle-of-attack distribution
can always be reduced to a continuous one by splitting off the discon-
tinuous part and treating it as described elsewhere in this report, the
derivative of the angle-of-attack distribution can be obtained numeri-
cally by using numerical differentiating factors obtained from any text
on numerical analysis. These differentiating factors can be assembled
into a differentiating matrix which when postmultiplied by the matrix
of the angle-of-attack values yields a matrix of values of the spanwise
derivative of the angle-of-attack distribution. The matrices
and LQ t al can then be postmultiplied by this differentiating matrix
22 NACA TN 301)+

in order to obtain new influence-coefficient matrices which express the

lift distribution directly in terms of the angle-of-attack distribution.
However, the main advantage of the method outlined in this section is
that in aeroelastic calculations, for which aerodynamic influence coef-
ficients are primarily intended, the angle-of-attack distribution usually
is obtained by integrating its derivative; the use of the derivative then
actually saves a calculation. -

In such aeroelastic calculations the lift distributions can be con-

sidered to consist of a known "rigid wing" part (due to airplane attitude
or motion, built-in twist, or control deflection), which can be calculated
initially with due regard to all discontinuities, and an initially unlcnown
part due to structural deformation; the matrices [Q' and [Q'a] can
be used to advantage in calculating the latter part. The calculation of
a(y*) can then be obviated altogether, because if the structural defor-
inations are referred to the plane of symmetry the structural part of
a(y*) is zero for y = 0, so that the first term on the right sides of
equations (15) and (ii) reresents a known rigid-wing lift distribution
and can be included with the others. Thus, in general,

{r*} = {F}rigid wing +

cILQi t
rstructurai

0
* (y0* )i

The separate treatment of these two parts in an aeroelastic analysis

presents no difficulties and can be effected in a manner similar to that
employed in reference ). for the lift distribution due to aileron deflec-
tion; the use of [Q] rather than [oj requires only the omission of
one of the integrating matrices in the methods of references 2 and 4-.

DISCUSSION

General Limitations of the Results of This. Paper

The Weissinger L-method, its range, and validity have been dis-
cussed in several previous papers (for example, ref s. 3 and 5) so that
in this section only a few comments are made about special applications.

Number o control points.- In references 1 and 5, four control

points on the semispan were found to give satisfactory accuracy for the
lift distributions due to constant angle of attack. In the present
paper, interest is centered primarily on the lift distributions due to
NACA TN 30]A 23

twist and control deflection, and for these cases the additional effort
entailed in using eight rather than four control points was believed to
be warranted by the resulting increase in accuracy.

Fuselage, nacelle, and tip-tank interference. - The Weissinger

method and all results presented apply only to wings without fuselages,
nacelles, or tip tanks. At low angles of attack the lift distribution
on the wing is not affected to a large extent by the presence of the
fuselage except when it covers a large part of the wing; the effect is
largely localized near the wing root and is most pronounced for the
constant angle-of-attack and flap-deflected cases. For the lift dis-
tributions due to twist and aileron deflection the presence of the
fuselage can probably be ignored in most cases.

Nacelles also tend to af'fect the lift distribution primarily in

their own vicinity, but these effects may be significant even for the
lift distributions due to twist and aileron deflection. Tip tanks tend
to increase the lift over much of the outer part of the wing to a large
extent, particularly in the case of lift distributions due to twist and
aileron deflection. Except for wings with very high or very low aspect
ratio, these effects can hardly be underestimated and must be taken
into account in designing the wing.

High angles of attack.- Potential flow breaks down at high angles

of attack, and the higher the Mach number the lower the angle of attack
at which linearized potential-flow theories such as the one employed in
this paper fail to predict the lift distributions accurately. However,
the critical design loads often occur at high angles of attack. The
only suggestion that can be made is that once the rigid-wing lift dis-
tributions at high angles of attack are estimated on the basis of tests
or experience, the changes in these distributions due to aeroelastic
effects can be estimated by means of the results calculated in this
paper. This procedure cannot be justified theoretically because,
although the nature of the mutual Induction effects between various
parts of the wing after the flow has separated is still substantially
the same as before, the lifts caused by these induction effects are not
those predicted by potential-flow theory. However, the changes due to
aeroelastic action are small unless the speed is near the flutter or
divergence speed, so that certain Inaccuracies can usually be tolerated
in estimating them.

Longitudinal location of the center of pressure.- The Weissinger

theory yields no information regarding the location of the chordwise
center of pressure; however, the assumption that at each spanwise sta-
tion the section center of pressure of the angle-of-attack loading on
the two-dimensional airfoil section is unchanged in three-dimensional
flow has been found by lifting-surface calculations (ref. 6, for example)
 NACA TN O11.

to be largely justified for swept and unswept wings of moderate andY high
aspect ratio (except near the root and. tip). If this assumption is used,
the longitudinal location of the wing center of pressure may be estimated.
For low-aspect-ratio wings, the chordwise location of the center of pres-
sure cannot be determined simply, and lifting-surface methods must be
used. For flap and aileron deflections, accurate theoretical methods for
calculating the longitudinal location of the center of pressure are not
available, but the approximate methods suggested in reference 7 may be
applied to obtain qualitative information.

Effective angle of attack for flap deflection. - In order to deter-

mine the loading due to flap deflection for wings of high and medium
aspect ratio (for example, A > Ii-), the effective angle of attack cE
for the flap (or aileron) deflection may be approximated satisfactorily
by the values obtained from two-dimensional thin-airfoil theory. Fig-
ure 21 gives a plot of the effective angle of attack cxc, against f lap-
chord ratio c f /c. For very low aspect ratios (approaching 0 and. cer-
tainly less than 1/2) values of c close to 1 are indicated by line-
arized potential-flow theory, even for relatively small values of Cf/C.
For aspect ratios from about 1/2 to 1, lifting-surface methods must be
used to obtain potential-flow solutions for the lift distributions due
to partial-chord control deflections.

Calculation of the roll due to sideslip C 1 .- The loading for the

case of full-span ailerons bail = 1 is the same as the loading on a

wing with dihedral in yaw or sideslip, because in this case the loading
on the wing is that due to an angle of attack equal to the product of
the sideslip angle and dihedral angle on one• wing, and. the negative of
that angle of attack on the other wing. The value of C 2 /% for the
case of full-span aileron deflection is therefore equivalent to the
parameter C.

Some other stability derivatives can be deduced similarly from the

results presented in this paper.

Relative Merits of the Various Types of

Aerodynamic Influence Coefficients

In this paper four types of aerodynamic influence coefficients have

been discussed:

(1) The influence-coefficient matrices presented in table V which

are obtained by solving Weissinger's integral equation by numerical
methods
NACA TN 30lI. 25

(2) Influence-coefficient matrices obtained from those of table V

by multiplying them by interpolating matrices.

(3) Influence coefficients based on Green's function

(1) Influence coefficients based on flap- and aileron-type lift

distributions which express the lift distribution in terms of the span-
wise derivative of the angle-of-attack distribution rather than the
distribution itself

The influence coefficients given in table V apply to the stations

y* = 0.9808, 0.9239, 0.8315, 0.7071, 0.5556, 0.3827, 0.1951, and 0. If
these stations can be used in the calculations in which the influence
coefficients are to be used, the coefficients given in table V are by
far the simplest to use because they require no further calculations.
If these stations cannot conveniently be used, one of the other three
types of influence coefficients has to be calculated.

The second type of influence coefficients is based on the first

and requires a premultiplication of their matrix by a lift interpolating
matrix and the postmultiplication of that matrix by an angle-of-attack
interpolating matrix. These interpolating matrices serve to relate the
lift and angle of attack at the stations of interest to those at the
stations specified in the preceding paragraph. The interpolating mat-
rices can be constructed in several ways; parabolic (or possibly cubic)
interpolation is probably the most satisfactory choice for the angles
of attack, and for the lift distributions either this type of interpo-
lation (with a modification at the wing tip) or trigonometric interpo-
lation should be satisfactory. The interpolating factors do not lend
themselves readily to automatic computation, but the amount of effort
involved is relatively small. The two matrix multiplications can then
be performed readily on automatic computation machines.

The inf1uene coefficients based on Green's functions are similar

in concept to the commonly used structural influence coefficients. The
values of the influence functions F*s'(y*,y0*) and 1*t(y*,y0*) are
the only aerodynamic influence coefficients discussed herein wnich indi-
vidually have physical significance; the first two types of influence
coefficients have only a collective physical significance in that they
yield the values of the lift when matrix-multiplied by the angle-of-
attack values. However, this individual significance of the coefficients
based on Green's functions is lost once these coefficients are manipulated
in the manner indicated in equations (9) and (12) to obtain aerodynamic
influence coefficients useful in further computations, and the resulting
influence coefficients have neither more nor less significance than the
others. The computation of these coefficients requires a relatively
large expenditure of effort - four matrix multiplications and three mat-
rix additions, as well as the computation of many values of r8 D or
26 NACA TN 3011,-

(by substitution of given values of 8 and. O in eq. (c3))

and. a few other minor steps. Despite their conceptual attractiveness,
these coefficients are therefore practically at a disadvantage compared
to the other much more simply computed influence coefficients.

The influence coefficients based on flap- and aileron-ty-pe lift

distributions and on the spanwise derivatives of the angle-of-attack
distributions are probably the simplest to compute (with the exception
of those presented in table V); they require only the reading of the
values of the lift distributions from the figures of this paper at the
stations of interest and for the flap and aileron spans corresponding
to the stations of interest, as. well as the multiplication of the mat-
rix of these.coefficients by a diagonal matrix. (For a symmetric d.is-
tribution, a matrix subtraction is also called. for.) As previously men-
tioned., the fact that these coefficients express the lift distribution
in terms of the derivative of the angle-of-attack distribution need not
be a disadvantage and may actually be an advantage. The decision as to
whether to use the second or the fourth ty-pe of influence coefficients
(once the decision has been made that the stations implied in the first
tpe are unsuitable') then.becomes largely a rñatter df individual prefer-
ence, guided by decisions in any given case as to the relative conven-
ience of calculating interpolating factors or reading values from the
figures in this paper, and of using angle-of-attack distributions or
their derivatives.

CONCLUDING REMABKS

Spanwise lift distributions have been calculated for nineteen

unswept wings with various aspect ratios and taper ratios and with a
variety of angle-of-attack or twist distributions, including aileron
and flap deflections, by means of Weissinger's method with eight control
points on the semispan. Also calculated by this method were aerodynamic
influence coefficients which pertain to a certain definite set of sta-
tions on the span. Three methods for calculating aerodynamic influence
coefficients for arbitrary stations have been outlined and their rela-
tive merits discussed.

The information presented herein can be used in the analysis of

untwisted wings or wings with known twist distributions, as well as
in aeroelastic calculations involving initially unknown twist
distributions.

langley Aeronautical Laboratory,

National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics,
Langley Field, Va., May 5, 1953.


NACA TN 3Ol1 - 27

AFPEI\IDIX A

MATRIX FORMULATION OF THE WEISSINGER METHOD

Calculation of the Lift Distribution

and Influence Coefficients

From two-dimensional thin-airfoil theory it can be shown that, if

all the vorticity of a plane or parabolically cambered airfoil section
is concentrated at the quarter-chord line, the downwash angle induced
at the three-quarter-chord line is equal to the geometric angle of
attack at the three-quarter-chord line. This circumstance leads to the
Weiss inger L-method in which the lifting vortex is concentrated at the
quarter-chord line and the boundary conditions are satisfied at the
three-quarter-chord line. The Weissinger equation (ref. i) can be
written as

dr*(*) 1 dr*(*) d
dTl* + 1
a(y*) = L. r1 F(*,) i) * (Al)
J i d -

where

F(*,) i f/c + tanA(

- 2
+
-_*2 - l
(* o)
- * c*/2 c*/2
1]

2
r/l+tanA(
c/2 )j c*/2 )

l+2tanA,
y*
.11+
_ 2(*\2
+ tan
c*/ 2 + c*/2
2tanA - (i* a)
c*/2 y-3f
1 + 2 tan A c*/2

28 NACA TN 3011i-

and. a is the angle of attack or, more specifically, the streamwise

slope of the mean-camber surface at the three-quarter-chord line.

Introduction of the trigonometric variables 0 cos- y* and

cos- * into equation (Al) yields

d -
a(0) = :_ r dr*(). . r F(,0) dr*() d
()
lJ 0 d cos i3 - cos 0 8tJ0

The solution of equation (A2) is effected in reference 1 by the use

of trigonometric interpolation and integration formulas. An alternate
solutionbased on matrix techniques is presented herein which leads to
the identical results somewhat more simply and suggests a fairly simple
setup for routine calculations.

The function p* is approximated by a finite sine series, as in

reference 1, so that for any value

* 'ç
F m s1nfl m (A3)
n
or

[sin m1{n (Alt)

In the calculations of this paper, the values of n in equation (Au-)

have been chosen as n = 1, 3, 5, . . . 15 for the symmetrical loadings
and n = 2, )+, 6, . . . 11 for the antisyminetrical loadings; values of
were chosen at

m
i6

with m = 1, 2, 3, . . . 8 for the symmetrical loadings and m = 1, 2,

3, . . . 7 for the antisymmetrical loadings. The use of equal increments
in -5 is essential in the method of reference 1, 1ut any values of i3
between 0 and jt/2 could have been chosen in the matrix analysis used
in the present paper. This possibility of using arbitrary stations in
this matrix version of Weissinger's method is an important advantage in
that it allows the direct calculation of influence coefficients for
arbitrary stations. Such a calculation is complicated, however, by the
fact that some of the matrices which must be inverted tend to be ill-
behaved when nonequal increments are chosen for .


NACA TN 3Ol1 - 29

dr*()
The value of required in equation (A2) can be obtained
from equation (A3) as

____ = 2_ na cos (A5)
n

so that the first term of equation (A2) becomes

:ii na cos nm d
r n nern
1 Jo = :ii na sin 0m
co - cos em

or, in matrix notation,

1 1 dF d 1 1 rSlfl ne

t1bo d COS COS = Lsin emJLfh

The values of an can be expressed in terms of F *m (see eq. (A14-)) as

Ian} = [sin n1 l {F*m} (A6)

so that

dr*m d 1 LB [*}
d COS - COS
Omt =

where

li_sin nOl
B (A7)
[ m] = — I
"L!
mJ
ILnl[sin nm1'

r5 nOmi
and [Bj are
The matrices ILni , [sin nOmi, [sin
Lsin
given in table VII(a) for the symmetrical distributions and table VII(b)
 NACA TN 3011i.

for the antisyunnetrical distributions. As a result of the orthogonality

of the sine function, the inverse of the [sin nemi matrix is the same
as one-fourth its transpose except for the first and last rows. (See,
for instance, ref. 8.)

The second term of equation (A2) can be integrated numerically by

approximating either F or p dl' by a cosine series. Both approxi-

mations will yield identical results, and the latter alternative is
followed here. Thus let

dr*(a)
______ = :i b n( e )c o s n8
n
so that

dr*() d8 - ____
F(,e) (A8)
d - 8

Now, in matrix notation,

çi = [cos n[b(e)
df

so that

_lI F dr*
b0(8) = LLcos

where LLos nJ is the zeroeth row of the inverse of the matrix

Ecos nj and L1l1 consists of the same elements written in the form
of a diagonal matrix.
NACA TN 3011i. 31

Inasmuch as. the integral of the antisymmetrical component of F

is zero, F - can be written for symmetrical distributions as

F pgF1Ls
a d
2 d8

and, for antisymmetrical distributions, as

F dt*aFR+FLdr*a
____ - 2

where

FR(I*I,y*) = F(1*,y*) (* > 0) (A9)

FL(lr*I,y*) = F(r*,y*) (i* o) (Alo)

From equations (A5) arid (A6) can be expressed in matrix

notation as

[d r*1 = [cos nj?}

so that equation (A8) can be written for symmetrical distributions as

Fa(,em) d

s d =
8L 2
- FL IL1L nLn1in
lr*s

= 2 [Fa] [DS] {r* 5] (All)

where

[Do] -
L11 [cos n m] Lnl [sin 'am]
-1
 NACA TN 3011i.

Similarly, for antisyminetrical distributions

1
Io
dF
Fs(,Om) a s a a
= 2[F ILD IfF* } (Al2)

where
-1
[DaJ 16 L1 ] L'1 [sin
The matrices [D], Liii, and [cos nOmiLni are given in table VII(a)
for symmetrical distributions and table VII(b) for antisymmietrical
distributions.
Equation (Al) (or its equivalent, eq. (A2)) can now be expressed
completely in matrix form. For syrmuetrical distributions, the equa-
tion is

2LFal [DS{F*S =

[Gj1 = (A13)

and for antisymmetrical distributions,

LLB - 2[Fsi[Da1J{p*a {aa}

or

[GaJ {*aI1 = {ta} (Ä]À)

it should be noted that the [B] and [D] matrices are invariant
with plan form and that only the LF] matrices need be computed sepa-
rately for each plan form; all the matrices are independent of the
NACA TN 30111. 33

angle-of-attack conditions. A computing form for the elements of the

F matrices is given in table VIII; this computing form includes pro- -
vision for calculating the load on swept wings. Sample 2 [F a] and 2[F5]
matrices are shown in table IX.

Equations (A13) and (All1.) can be expressed as

{r*} = [G (A15)
]_ 1fa}

so that the elements of the matrices [G] constitute, in effect, sets

of aerodynamic influence coefficients. The influence coefficients pre-
sented in table V for the plan forms treated in this paper are defined
as

[QmL[Gj

and

Lm[Ga11

so that

c[Qj4zsJ

and (A16)

= Cld[QØ]}

The division by C and by C 1 has been performed both to facilitate

interpolation of the coefficients for unswept wings with plan forms other
than those considered in this paper and for convenience in aeroelastic
calculations. Inasmuch as the lift distribution is much less sensitive
to Mach number than is the over-all magnitude of the lift, an influence-
coefficient matrix
[QII
or [Q chosen for the average of the sub-
sonic Mach number range of interest (that is, for the effective aspect
ratio A'il - M2 corresponding to that average Mach number) will serve


NACA TN 30Th-

for the entire range, provided only that for each Mach number the appro-
priate values of C and C 1 are used in equations (A16). (See
ref. 9, for instance, for simple methods of' estimating Mach number
effects on C and C
ttz

Calculation of the Aerodynamic Parameters Associated

With the Lift Distributions

The values of the lift, induced-drag, bending-moment, and rolling-

moment coefficients can be obtained conveniently by the use of' the inte-
grating matrices derived in this section.

An integrating matrix for the lift coefficient associated with

symmetrical loadings can be obtained as follows:

The lift coefficient can be written as

C L = r5 d

If, as before, y* = cos 0 and = a1 sin nO, with n = 1, 3,

n
5, . . . 15, then

CL = :iii a sin nO sin 0 dO

=Aa]

or

CL = ALICLJ{r*s}

where

L'CL] = LLs nojJ



NACA TN 301).i 35

and Lrsmn nol'J is the first row of the matrix [sin flOmJ1 given

in table vII(a); the matrix LIeU is given in table X.

Similarly, the integration to obtain the bending-moment coefficient

for symmetrical loadings C can be performed as follows:

The bending-moment coefficient can be written as

CBM = A11 ry* dy*

= Af n/2
a sin ne sin 0 cos 0 dO
n

A(2 2 2 2 2
3al+_a3a5+5a777a9+

2 2
a11- 2a
13

or

C = A
Ld sJ

where the matrix

112 2 2 2 2
2 2 __J [sin n]
[ CBMJ 8[ 5 21 5 - T( 117 - 167 221]

is given in table X.

For antisyinmetrica1 loadings, the half-wing lift coefficient CL,2

is obtained in the following manner:

The equation for the half-wing lift coefficient is

1
CL, Fa dy*

36 NACA TN 3011i

and, if r*a = a sin ne, with n = 2, 1k., 6, . . . as before,

then

A r 2 a sin n8 sin U
CL =
1/2 J n

= A'2. a - -a. a + a - a8 + a - -_- a + -i-- a 114j

12 197
2 17 S 6 63 99 10
or

All
1/2 = L1/2]

where the matrix

_I i 2 3 11. 5 6
[CL/]
=L 15 35 63 99 1U3 195]

is given in table X.

Similarly, the rolling-moment coefficient can be obtained as follows:

The equation for the rolling-moment coefficient is

C1 = F*y* dy*

= Af/2
an sin ne cos sin o d8
n

=-Aa2

or

C1 =
A LICJ Ia}
NACA TN 30111. 37

where the matrix

-1
LIC LLs in nel j

is given in table X.

The induced-drag coefficient CD. can be written as

j0' a . r* dy*
CD =

where

i_f l *() th*

ai(y*) =
-1 dr* y*_y*

or

J}
l3J*}
For symmetrical loadings the LICL] matrix can be used to integrate
the values of so that

CD = ALIC][.F*l
L1 J

An integrating matrix to evaluate C D for antisymmetrical distributions

can be set up si1arly. However, in this paper, values of C. were
calculated only for additional lift distributions.

38 NACA TN 30114.

APPENDIX B

CALCULATION OF L]TT DISTRIBUTIONS FOR DISCONTINUOUS

ANGLE-OF -ATTACK CONDITIONS

The method of solving equation (Al) outlined in appendix A relies

heavily on numerical integration, as does the method of reference 1.
Discontinuous angle-of-attack distributions therefore cannot be analyzed
as accurately as continuous ones can, because discontinuous angle-of-
attack distributions are known (on the basis of knowledge of the lift dis-
tributions of wings with very low and very high aspect ratios presented in
di'
*
ref. 3) to give rise to logarithmic singularities in the function
dr
which occurs in the integrands of both integrals in equation (Al). Nor
can a discontinuous angle-of-attack distribution be described adequately
by a small number of points on the semispan; for instance, with stations
located as they are for the calculations described in this paper any
inboard flap terminating at a value of y* greater than 0.3827 but less
than 0.7776 would, for a unit effective angle-of-attack distribution, be
characterized by the angle-of-attack distribution 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
regardless of the exact location of the end of the flap.

These difficulties can be overcome by using the results obtained by

solving equation (Al) for the case of wings of vanishingly small aspect
ratio (see ref. 3), in which case the second integral vanishes. This
technique is similar to the one used by Multhopp (ref. 10) in connection
with the Prandtl lifting-line equation to handle discontinuous angle-of-
attack distributions. The lift distribution F is considered to consist
of a "discontinuous" part rD which is the solution to equation (Al) if
the second term is neglected and of a correcting "continuous" part rC,
so that

r* = ^ rD (Bl)

where is defined implicitly by

•1 P' dF*D d
a=— I (B2)
1i icJ 0 d cos - cos 0


NACA TN 30114. 39

* *
and 1' c is the correction that must be added to r D to obtain a
function F which satisfies equation (Al) for the given discontinuous
angle-of-attack distribution. The solution of equation (B2) for F*D
corresponding to the more common discontinuous angle-of-attack distri-
butions is given in reference 3; specifically, for inboard flaps termi-
natingat y* y0* cos-- e

+0o

- 20o )sin 2
r D(, 0 0 ) = - (cos - cos 00)loge sin
115 - 0 01 -
2

15 ^ e
cos
2
(cos i5 + cos e0)loge (B3)
15 -
cos 2 ]

and for outboard ailerons with inner ends at y* y 0 * cos 1 G

15 + G
= cos 15 - cos e0)log 2
FD.1(15,90)

sin
us - -
L 2

iS + Go-I
2 I
(cos 15 + cos eo)1og (Bli-)
- 0
2 ]

If equations (Bi) and (B2) are substituted into equation (A2), the
result is

1 r
Jo
r*c(15G)
diS L r F(iS,e)
r*C(15,eo)
diS = R(e,00)
15 - cos e 8Jo
(B7)

14.0 NACA TN 30114.

where the function R(O,0 0 ) is defined by

F(3,e) r *D ( e)
R(O,0 0 ) a

or, specifically, for flaps

e) rD(e) d
R5(e,00) Fa ( (B6a)
8t

and for ailerons

Ra(e,eo)
if
8g
F5(,O)
11Dl(.,eo)
(B6b)

Comparison of equation (B5) with equation (A2) indicates that equa-

tion (B7) may be considered to be the Weissinger equation (eq. (Al) or
(A2)) for the lift distribution r*c on the given wing (the plan form
of which determines the function F(,B)) corresponding to an angle-of-
attack distribution R(e,0 0 ). Inasmuch as R(e,6 0 ) is a continuous
function, as is demonstrated presently, equation (B5) can be solved in
the manner used for equation (A2). If R(e,0 0 ) is being evaluated at

the stations considered in this paper (o = 2 .!, IL, • . !L', and

\ 16 16 16 2j
if the eight values of R are listed in a column in the order of
increasing 0, then premultiplication of this column by the matrix [Q]
given in this report and by the appropriate value of C yields the

desired function F *C for the given discontinuous angle-of-attack

distribution.

As indicated in equations (B6), the function R(e,0 0 ) depends on

the plan form, which determines F(,9), and on the position of the dis-
continuity in the angle-of-attack distribution, which determines r*D

and, hence,


NACA TN 5011i- 1ii

r -
For flaps and ailerons,

r*Df
___
- 290)cos + sin 2 2
=
sin
- ef + loge __________

cos
8 -o
2 2
(B7a)
and

_____ sin 2
Dail 2 \
= 2 sin O + sin (ioe - loge (Bm)
cos
-
sin
ji - ei)
2 2/]

so that the functions may be seen to have logarithmic singulari-

ties. The evaluation of R(0,8 0 ) from equations (B6) by numerical
methods is therefore not a trivial problem. A logarithmic singularity
is integrable, however, and F(3,O) is always continuous in and 0
so that R(0,0 0 ) must always be continuous. The integration can thus
be effected readily by expanding F(i 3 O) in a finite Fourier series as
follows:
Let

Fa('8,0) >IPa(8)cos n (n= 1, 3, 5, . . . 17)

n
(B8)
F3(,O) = P n(ü)cos n (n = 0, 2, . 16)
n
Substitution of these expressions for F and those of equations (B7)
r'D
for into equations (B6) yields

R5 (0,0 0 ) = Pa(.0)[( - 2O)I ^ n

+
(B9)
Ra(0,Oo) s ( ° ) (n n)
J


NACA TN 3Ol

where

pit
/ cos cos n d
LJO

+
pit sin
J
0
Slfl ' COS loge
sin
I0oI (Blo)
2

+
/-'it cos
I 2
i cos n loge
Jo 8-80
cos
2

These integrals can all be evaluated explicitly and are

Io=O
1
= (Bll)

IflO (n=2,3, .

= it sin

= sin 28
(B12)
it[sin(n + l)e sin(n - l)81
] (n = 2, 3, .
= L n + 1 - n - 1

and

K0 = -it sin 80

K1 = sin 2O
(B13)
= (_n+l in(n + 1)e - sin(n - l)eol
(n = 2,
Ln+l n-1 ]
 14.3
NACA TN 30114.

With these values for I, J, and K, equations (B9) can he simplified

to

R5 (e,e0 ) =
>
n
1 Pa (0, Oo)Hn(Oo) (n= 1 ,3,5, . 15)
(Bi)
-1; :i P8(e,e0)H(o0) (n = 0, 2, , . i6)
Ra(0,Oo) =
n
where

it - 29 + sin 29
2 (B15)
sin(n + i)e sin(n - i)e
_____- _____ (n=2,3,
n+l n-i

The function R(e,0 0 ) can also be expressed in matrix form by writing

equations (B8) in matrix form as

L
F (,0)i LPn( 9 , 0 o)J[c05 nJ

so that

L
Pn(0,0o)] = LF(,e)JLLCOS n_ 1 (B16)

where Lcos nJ is the transpose of the matrix [cos fl]. The following
expressions are then obtained by combining equation (B16) with the matrix
equivalent of equations (B]A):

Rs( 0 , Oo) a(,0[c08 nY1fin(eo)}

(B17)
Ra(8,Oo) = LF5(,0)]r[COS niI1{n(8o)}
 NACA TN 3Ol1.

In essence the procedure used in this appendix for calculating lift

distributions fOr discontinuous angle-of-attack distributions can thus
be seen to consist in avoiding the necessity of integrating numerically
an initially unknown singular function, as required in equation (Al) or
(A2), by performing, in effect, the integration of the singular part of
the function analytically (by solving eq. (B2), as in ref. 3) and
treating only the continuous part of the function numerically (by
solving eq. (B5)). As part of this procedure, a singular function has
to be integrated numerically in order to evaluate R(G,0 0 ); however,
this function is known initially because iJt is the product of a known
singular but integrable function and a known continuous function

and F(i 3 O), resPectivelY) so that, by expanding the continuous

function in a Fourier series, the numerical integration can be effected

without difficulty.

The values of [Ecos nJJ . [iin ( eo )} for flap-span ratios of 0.1,

0.2, 0.3, 0.14, 0 . 5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and. 0.9 and. for aileron-span ratios
of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.14, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and. 1.0 are given in
table XI.
NACA TN 3011t. 11.5

V'J3II)ESI

CALCULATION OF GREEN'S FUNCTIONS

As pointed out in the body of this paper (see eqs. (3) and. (11.))
the desired Green's functions are
- _____________
rf(y,Y0)

The functions d r* ajl can be obtained in the manner indicated

in appendix B. However, in order to calculate the desired. derivatives
of these functions, a numerical differentiation would have to be per-
formed with respect to y0*. Such a numerical differentiation is irther-
ently inaccurate inasmuch as and r* ail have singularities. The
desired Green's functions are therefore best calculated without using
the calculated values of and r* ail and. by using, instead, a
modification of the method of appendix B.
Let

F*s'(y*)
0
(Cl)
r* t (y*,y*) rail(*, y0*)

'0
*' *' .
Then r and ' a are lift distributions corresponding to impulse-
type angle-of-attack distributions of the following forms:

_y0* Yo

Symmetrical loading
li-6 NACA TN 501)4-

Hence, they must satisfy equation (Al) or its equivalent, equation (A2),
for these angle-of-attack distributions.

Again, as in appendix B, the lift distributions can be considered

to consist of a discontinuous part, which satisfies equation (Al) for
the given angle-of-attack distribution if the second integral on the
right side is disregarded, and of a correction part; that is,

F
*t =1'
*1 +
*t
S SD SC I
(c2)
* * * r
a =FaD+'aC __j

The functions F*SD FaD must thus satisfy equation (B2) for
the given angle-of-attack distributions. By virtue of the linearity of
equation (B2) and by virtue of the definitions of the functions in tern's
of F* f and. F *ail , respectively, F * 5D and aD can be obtained

by differentiating with respect to y 0 the solutions of equation (B2)

given in equations ( B 3) and (B) i-) for the flap and aileron angle-of-
attack conditions. Thus

)4. sin - + sin 00

_______
= - loge
D t
sin_sin0ot

sin(i5 + e)
Fa D = loge
- 001 }

Similarly, the functions r*s t c and F *a C must satisfy equation (B5),

where now R(0,0 0 ) is defined for the symmetrical and antisymmetrical
loadings, respectively, by

15D(,00)
R5(0,00) = F(,0)

(c1)
and
FaD(,Oo) d
Ra(6,eo) = a.

NACA TN 30]A 117

The evaluation of these integrals can be effected in the manner

employed for equations (B6) so that

R ( e , 00 ) =
: i Pan(e)Htn(Oo) .17)1
n
(c)
Ra(0,Oo) =
>
n
I P
8 (0 )Htn(0o) (n= 0, 2, , . . . 16)f

where

H'n(Oo) 2 sin nO0 (c6)

for all values of n, and where P and P5 are the same values as
an n
those used in appendix B. Thus, in matrix form, for given values of 0
and

= ni
sin neo}l
(c7)

Ra( 0 , O o) = LFs(,0)J[[c05 nj sin nOo}J

The values of [[cos nJi .c[sin n0 o} are given in table VI for

values of y0* ranging from 0 to 0.9 for symmetrical distributions and

0.1 to 0.9 for antisymmetrical distributions.

The desired Green t s functions can thus be calculated in the fol-

lowing way. For a given value of 0, the values of R 5 (e,00 ) and
Ra( O , Oo) are calculated for eight equal increments of 9 between 0
and ir/2 from equation (C7). These values are then written as
columns and premultiplied by the matrix of influence coefficients
tabulated in this paper for the given plan form in order to obtain
___________ ratc(o,00)
and
C Cjd

Ii. 8 NACATN 50Th-

for the given value of 00. To these values are added the values of

r Sfl (e,0 0 ) ra(e,eo)

and
Cld

* t
and r a
*t calculated from
obtained by. dividing the values of F
equation ( C 3) by C. and Czd respectively, for this value of 00
and the given values of 0. This procedure yields

r*s '(s, e) F*a (e, e)

and
C1

(The division by C j and by Cjd is performed to facilitate the

further calculations required to obtain the desired influence coeff 1-

cients, as explained in the body of this paper.) This calculation is

repeated for all the values of' 00 for which the Green's functions are
desired.

NACA TN 3011 lt9

REFERENCES

1. Weissinger, J.: The Lift Distribution of Swept-Back Wings. NACA

TM 1120, 1914.7.

2. Diederich, Franklin W.: Calculation of the Aerodynamic Loading of

Swept and Unswept Flexible Wings of Arbitrary Stiffness. NACA
Rep. 1000, 1950.

3. Diederich, Franklin W., and Ziotnick, Martin: Theoretical Spanwise

Lift Distributions of Low-Aspect-Ratio Wings at Speeds Below and
Above the Speed of Sound. NACA TN 1973, 191+9.

14. Diederich, Franklin W.: Calculation of the Lateral Control of Swept

and Unswept Flexible Wings of Arbitrary Stiffness. NACA Rep. 1021+,
1951.

5. DeYoung, John, and Harper, Charles W.: Theoretical Symmetric Span

Loading at Subsonic Speeds for Wings Having Arbitrary Plan Form.
NACA Rep. 921, 1914.8.

6. Falkner, V. M.: The Calculation of Aerodynamic Loading on Surfaces

of Any Shape. R. & M. No. 1910, British A.R.C., 191+3.

7. Died.erich, Franklin W.: A Simple Approximate Method for Calculating

Spanwise Lift Distributions and Aerodynamic Influence Coefficients
at Subsonic Speeds. NACA TN 2751, 1952.

8. Benscoter, Stanley U.: Matrix Development of Multhopp's Equations

for Spanwise Air-Load Distribution. Jour. Aero. Sci., vol. 15,
no. 2, Feb. 1914.8, pp. 113-120.

9. Diederich, Franklin W.: A Plan-Form Parameter for Correlating Certain

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Swept Wings. NACA TN 2335, 1951.

10. Multhopp, H.: The Calculation of he Lift Distribution of Aerofoils.

R.T.P. ¶hanslation No. 2392, British M.A.P.
 NACA TN j3Ol14

TABLE I

II'DEX TO SPANWISE-LIFT-DISTRIBUTION FIGURES

[All wings are unswept

Plan form A Figure

Very low 1
311 1.5 0 2
312 1.5 .25 3
313 1.5 .50
3)A 1.5 1.00 5
315 1.5 1.50 6
321 3.0 0 7
322 3.0 .25 8
323 3.0 .50 9
32 3.0 1.00 10
325 3.0 1.50 11
331 6.0 0 12
332 6.o .25 13
6.0 .50 l4.
5311. 6.o 1.00 15
335 6.0 1.50 16
314.1 12.0. 0 17
5142 12.0 .25 18
314-3 12.0 .50 19
314. 14. 12.0 1.00 20
NACA TN 30111. 51

TABLE II

FORCE AND MOMENT COEIFFICIENTS FOR ANGLE-OF-AT]ACK LOADINGS

Additional loading Damping-in-roll loading

Plan form
CBM CDi Cjd CIt1/2

311 1.8976 0.7701 O. li. O58 0.7799 0.1280 0.11ii.11.8

312 1.9914.0 .8351 . 14.188 .811.11.8 .114.03 .li.y81
313 2.0006 .811J1.9 .11.223 .811.93 .114.23 .14.835
3114. 1.9782 .811. 33 .11.263 .8303 .114.54 .14.865
315 1.91i.59 .8353 .11293 .8011. 1 .114.38 .11.871
321 2.9936 1.1765 .3930 1.00014. .2126 .751.t4
322 3.1711.7 1.3177 .11.151 1.0733 .2501 .8514.8
323 3.1735 l.314. 1O .14.226 1.0686 .25814. .8772
3214. 3.0970 1.33614. .14.315 1.0198 .2614.2 .8912
325 3.0086 1.31714. .11.379 .9679 .2661 .8914.8
331 14..1171 1.5537 .37714. .9950 .3083 1.1214.8
332 L3381 1.7830 . 14. 110 1.0071 .3893 1.3333
333 14..3205 1.8563 .14250 .9918 .14.114.1 1.39614.
3314. 14..i816 l.811.79 . 1 4l9 .914.09 .14.3314. 1.14.11.17
335 1i..O252 1.8260 .11.536 .8921 .14i.o5 1.11.514.0
314.1 5.0125 1.8114.5 .3620 .7850 .3918 1.11.7111.
31.4.2 5.1989 2.1114.6 .11.067 .7310 .5190 1.7797
314.3 5.1611.7 2.21614. .14.291 .7126 .5700 1.9003
314.4 5.0026 2.2819 . 14.561 .6982 .6156 2.00214.

52 NACA TN O]

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NACA TN 301!i. 53

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514. NACA T1' 30111.

TABLE V
AERODYNAMIC- INFLUENCE-COEFFICIENT MATRICES

(a) Symmetric loadings [Qs]

Plan form 311

0.0730 0.0360 0.025 14. 0.0218 0.0202 0.0182 0.01811 . 0.0086
0.022)4. 0.1 350 0.09111. 0.0614.11. 0.0587 0.0517 0.0508 0.0211.3
0.0121 0.0677 0.2298 0.1535 0.11 14.14. 0.10)4.1 0.0 956 0.0)4.75
0.0093 0.0)4.16 0.1268 0. 32 75 0.2221 0.1722 0.16111. 0.0768
0.0075 0.0311.1 0.0857 0.1 951 0. 11.276 0.2979 0.2)4.32 0.U911
0.0068 0.0289 0.0739 0.1)4 .26 0.2711.6 0.5320 0.3910 0.1720
0.00611. 0.0273 0.066)4. 0.1297 0.2170 0.3737 0.6582 0.2788
0.0065 0.0262 0.0678 0.1233 0.21111 . 0.3258 0. 5 )4. 97 0.11.9711.
Plan form 312
0.0 590 0.0536 0.0)4.30 0.0)4.01 0.0356 0.0 338 0.0318 0.0159
0.02711. 0.1 57 0.1097 0.0857 0.0782 0.070 )1. 0.0680 0.0330
0.01511. 0.0763 0.2365 0.1671 0.1296 0.1189 0.1095 0.0511.14.
0.0116 0.0)4. 79 0.1332 0.3269 0.2269 0.1789 0.1676 0.0801
0.0091 0.0385 0.0 9014. 0.1960 0.11.170 0.2 929 0.2399 0.1178
0.0080 0.0 323 0.0769 0.1)4.29 0.2676 0.5113 0.3759 0.1655
0.0073 0.0301 0.0686 0.1289 0.2106 0. 3581 0.62711. 0.2656
0.0072 0.0291 0.0676 0.1223 0.20 )1.7 0 .311 8 0.5233 0.11.733
Plan form 313
0.0591 O.O71i.li. 0.014.11.6 0.011.214. 0.0 382 0.0363 0.0 3)4.3 0.0171
0.0277 0.1)4.68 0.1123 0.0893 0.0826 0.0711 .7 0.0721 0.0350
0.0157 0.0776 0.2388 0.1709 0.1 314.2 0.1236 0.11)4.0 0.0566
0.0119 0.0)4.89 0.1 350 0.3292 0.2300 0.1821 0.1706 0.0815
0.0093 0 .0391 0.0 9111. 0.1971 0.11.1714. 0 .2933 0.2)4.00 0.1178
0.0081 0.0 32 5 0.0770 0.1)426 0.2662 0.5083 0. 372 5 0.1637
0.0073 0.0300 0.0680 0.1276 0.2079 0.3536 0.6209 0.2622
0.0073 0.0288 0.0668 0.1206 0.20111 . 0.3066 0.5161 0.11.688
Plan form 31)4.
0.0599 o . o 55)4 0.0)4.60 0.011.14.2 0.0)4. 01 0.0382 0.0361 0.0179
0.0283 0.1)4.92 0.1151 0.0 92 5 o.o86o 0.0780 0.0752 0.0365
0.0162 0.0793 0.2)4 .32 0.1752 0.13814. 0.12714. 0.11714. 0.0582
0.0122 0.0501 0.1377 0.331. 14. 0.2314.1 0.1853 0.1731 0.0826
0 .009 14. 0.0396 0 . 0 925 0.1991 0.11.213 0 . 2 914. 8 0.2)4.00 0.1176
0.0081 0.0323 0.0767 0.1)419 0.265 11. 0.5083 0. 3 695 0.1616
0.0072 0.02911. 0.0666 0.12)4. 8 0.2035 0.3)4.80 0.6160 0.2588
0.0070 0.0280 0.06)1.8 0.1169 0.1955 0.2986 0. 50 77 0.11.6614.
NACA TN 30111. 55

TABLE V.- Continued

AERODYNAMIC-INFLUENCE-COEFFICIENT MATRICES

(a) Continued

Plan form 315

0.0609 0.0565 0.0470 O.O 11.52 0.011-10 0.0390 0.0367 0.0182
0.0288 0 .1519 0.11711. 0 . 0 911.5 0.0878 0.0795 0.0764 0.0370
0.0165 0.0808 0.211-75 0.17811. 0.1408 0 .1293 0.1187 0.0588
0.0124 0.0509 0.1399 0.3398 0.2374 0.1871 O.i11-o 0.0828
0.0095 0.0400 0.0933 0.2011 0.4261 0.29611. 0.2397 0.1171
0.0080 0.0 322 0.07611. O.i4i 0.2653 0.5104 0.3677 0.1600
0.0070 0.0288 0.0651 0.12211- 0.1999 0.3439 0.6138 0.2564
O.006 9.0270 0.0627 0.1132 0.1900 0.2912 0.5005 0.4657
Plan form 321
0.0272 0.0128 0.0087 0.0062 0.00611. 0.0047 0.0057 0.0022
0.00911- 0.0716 0.01102 0.0211.1 0.0209 0.0174 0.0169 0.0080
0.0011-2 0.0309 0.1211.5 0.0718 o.o46 0.011-05 0.0355 0.0177
0.0031 0.01611- 0.0607 0.1793 0.1077 0.0746 0.0675 0.0313
0.0023 0.0128 0.0365 0.0961 0.2353 0.1483 0.1117 0.0542
0.0020 0.0102 0.0302 0.0641 0.1385 0 .2945 0.2011 0.0850
0.0018 0.0096 0.0262 0.0569 0.1029 0.1944 0.3696 0.1520
0.0019 0.0092 0.0261 0.0534 0.1000 0.1611.7 0.301 14 0.2910
Plan form 322
0.0363 0.0 309 0.0219 0.0186 0.0150 0.0135 0.0122 0.0061
0.0159 0.08611. 0.0591 0.0311.0
0.011-011- 0.0283 0.0266 0.0126
0.0080 0.011.111. 0.1353 0.0855 0.05814. 0.0501 0.0437 0.0216
0.0056 0.0232 0.0688 0.1820 0.1127 0 .0793 0.0709 0.0330
0.0011.0 0.0173 0.011.17 0.0983 0.2281 O . 11441 0.1080 0.0523
0.00311. 0.0136 0.0335 0.0611-8 0.1328 0.2774 0.1874 0.0788
0.0030 0.012 11. 0.0285 0.05611- 0.0970 0.1801 0.3427 0.1400
0.0029 0.0118 0.0281 0.0525 0.0936 0.1512 0.2772 0.2703
Plan form 323
0.0367 0.0323 0.0211-2 0.0210 0.0171 0.0152 0.0136 0.0067
0.0165 0.0887 0.0631 0.0 11.11.8 0.0379 0.0314 0.0291 0.0138
0.0086 0.014.37 0.1395 0.0907 0.0630 0.0537 0.011-65 0.0228
0.0060 0.0211.8 0.0720 0.1861 0.1166 0.0820 0.0727 0.0337
0.0011-2 0.0182 0.011-311. 0.1003 0.2296 0.111-44 0.1072 0.0517
0.0035 0.0111.0 0.0311.0 0.0650 0.1317 0.2746 0.1831 O.O764
0.00 30' 0.01211. 0.02811. 0.05511- 0.0911.2 0.1747 0. 3352 0.1357
0.0029 0.0117 0.0277 0.0 511 0.0901 0.111-48 0.2682 0.2653

56 NACA TN 30114.

TABLE V.- Continued

AERODYNAMIC-INFLUENCE-COEFFICIENT MAThICES

(a) Continued.

Plan form 3214-

0.0379 0.0339 0.0262 0.0232 0.0190 0.0166 0.0111-7 0.0072

0.0173 0. 0 922 0.0671 a.a 1l.89 0.014-15 0.0314.1 0.0 310 0.0111.6
0.0092 0.014-62 0.11458 0.0 965 0.0678 0 .0571 o.oli-86 0.0237
o.006li. 0.02611. 0.0758 0 . 1935 0.1218 0.0850 0.0714.0 0.0314.0
0.0014.5 0.0191 0.014.53 0.1036 0.2351 0.l1l.60 0.1061 0.0507
0.0035 0.Oi11i 0.0314.3 0.0651 0.1 3114- 0 .2750 0.1785 0.0732
0.0029 0.0121 0.0275 0.0 5314. 0.0900 0.1682 0.3283 0.1306
0.0028 0.0111 0.0263 0.011-81 0.0811.3 0.1352 0.2562 0.2612

Plan form 325

0.039 0 0.0351 0.02714. 0.0214-4. 0.0200 0.0173 0.0150 0.0073

0.0179 0 . 0 9511. 0.0698 0 . 0 51 3 0.011-35 0.03511. 0.0316 0.0114.7
0.0096 o.oli-8o 0.1510 0.1005 0.0706 0.0588 0.011-92 0.0238
0.0067 0.0276 0.0787 0.2000 0.1257 0.0868 0.O711-3 0.0337
0.0011-6 0.0197 o.oli.66 0.1063 0.21.1.09 0.111-77 0.1050 0.014-97
0.0035 0.0111.2 0.0311.5 0.0652 0.1318 0.2772 0.1756 0.0,707
0.0028 0.0117 0.0267 0.0 517 0.0868 0.1636 0.32 11.3 0.1267
0.0026 0.0105 0.0211-9 0.0 1.4.53 0.0795 0.1273 0.2 14.61 0.2586

Plan form 331

0.0111-i 0.0028 0.0028 0.0010 0.0019 0.0006 0.0017 0.0003

0.0033 0.0397 0.0155 0.0076 0.0061 0.0011.9 0.0011.5 0.0022
0.0011 0.0129 0.0709 0.03114. 0.0163 0. 0131i- 0.0110 0.0055
0.0008 0.0051 0.0273 0.1039 0.0500 0 .0285 0.0211.6 0.0109
0.0005 0.0038 0.0129 0.011-514- 0.13711. 0.0718 0.014-62 0.0222
0.0005 0.0027 0.0101 0.0211.9 0.0678 0.1727 0.1016 0.03911-
0.000li- 0.0026 0.0081 0.0212 0.011-36 0 .0993 0.2192 0.0814.6
o.00014- 0.002 11 0.0082 0.0191 0.01122 0.07811. 0.1693 0.1850

Plan form 332

0.0255 0.0189 0.0108 0.0080 0.0055 0. 001l7 0.0014-0 0.0020

0.0098 0.0565 0.0322 0.0175 0.0132 0 .0097 0.0089 0.0011-i
0.0011.0 0.0228 0.0837 0.011-32 0.0235 0.01814. 0.0114.7 0.0073
0.002 14. 0.0102 0.0351 0.1090 0.O54.8 0.0312 0.0261 0.0115
0.0015 0.0068 0.0170 0.011-82 0.1314-0 0.0693 0. 011- 3 11- 0.0206
0.0012 0.00 14.7 0.01211- 0.0258 o.o62 0 .1607 0. 0 913 0.0311-6
0.0010. 0.0011-i 0.0096 0.0210 0.0395 0.08814. 0.1 985 0.0711.8
0.0010 0.0038 0.0095 0.0186 0.0377 0. 0677 0.1 11.93 . 0.1688


NACA TN 30111- 57

TABLE V. - Continued
AERODYNAMIC- INFLUENCE-COEFFICIEWP MATRICES

(a) Continued

Plan form 333

[.0263 0.0211 0.0133 0.0100 0.0069 0.0057 0.0011.6 0.0023
I0.0108 0.0602 0.0372 0.0215 0.0159 0.0115 0.0101 0.0014-6
Io.001i8 0.0258 0.0895 0.01 .87 0.0271
1 0.0206 0.0160 0.0078
I0.0029 0.0120 0.0388 0.11140 0.0585 0.0 330 0.0269 0.0117
10.0017 0.0077 0.0188 0.0505 0.1359 0.06914- 0.0 14-23 0.0199
10.0013 0.0051 0.0131 0.0263 0.0635 0.1582 0.0870 0.0322
10.0010 0.0014-3 0.0098 0.0206 0.03714. 0.0833 0.1906 0.0702
L0.00l0 0.0039 0.0096 0.0179 0.0350 0.0618 0.13914- 0.1631
Plan form 3311.
0.0275 0.0231 0.0156 0.0120 0.0083 0.0065 0.0051 0.0025
0.0118 o.o611J - 0.01 .20 0.0256 0.0188
1 0.0131 0.0110 0.0014.8
0.0055 0.0289 0.0968 0.0550 0.0312 0.0229 0.0169 0.0081
0.0033 0.0138 0.011-32 0.1220 0.0635 0.0351 0.0272 0.0115
0.0020 0.0086 0.0209 0.0511.0 0.111.111. 0.0705 0.01 .07 0.0187
1

0.0011i 0 . 00 514. 0.0138 0.0268 0.0635 0.1 582 0.0820 0.0290

0.0010 0.0011.3 0.0096 0.0196 0.03145 0.0773 0.18211- 0.0614-0
0.0010 0.0037 0.0090 0.0163 0.0311 0.0 535 0.12 514. 0.1565
Plan form 335
0.0287 0.021l 1I. 0.0169 0.0132 0.0091 0.0069 0.0052 0.002 1 1-

0.01211. 0.0677 0.011-51 0.0281 0.0205 0.0139 0.0112 0.0014-8

0.0059 0.0310 0.1023 0.0592 0.0338 0.0211.1 0.0170 0.0080
0.0036 0.0150 0.01463 0.1286 0.0672 0.0363 0.0271 0.0111
0.0021 0.0092 0.0222 0.0567 0.111-68 0.0717 0.03911. 0.0177
o.00i14 0.0055 0.0111-0 0.0271 0.0637 0.1597 0.0786 0.0265
0.0010 0.0014-1 0.0092 0.0188 0.03214- 0.0732 0.1777 0.05914-
0.0009 0.0035 0.0083 0.0111-9 0.0281 0.Oli.75 0.1111-6 0.1520
Plan form 311.1
0.0075 -0.0008 0.0013 -0.0003 0.0008 -0.0002 0.0007 -0.0001
0.0008 0.0230 0.0011.0 0.0023 0.0012 0.00111- 0.0009 0.0006
0.0002 0.00144 0.014.22 0.01114- 0.0011-7 0.0036 0.0029 0.00111.
0.0002 0.0012 0.0109 0.0631 0.0207 0.0089 '0.00714 0.0031
0.0001 0.0010- 0.0035 0.0196 0.0814.5 0.0319 0.0159 0.0077
0.0001 0.0005 0.0028 0.0077 0.0308 0.1062 0.01476 0.0157
0.0001 0.0006 0.0019 0.00611. 0.0111-9 o.o14i 0.13145 0.0152
0.0001 0.0005 0.0021 0.0052 0.0111.8 0.0 316 0.0918 0.12147
 NACA TN 30111.

TABLE V. - Continued
AERODYNAMIC- INFLUENCE-COEFFICIENT MATRICES

(a) Concluded

Plan form 3142

0.0197 0.0113 0.0011.6 0.0029 0.0018 0.00114. 0.0012 0.0006
0.0059 0.0387 0.0161 0.0062 0.0014.3 0.0028 0.0025 0.0011
0.0017 0.0115 0.05)4.1 0.0198 0.0078 0.0056 0.0011.0 0.0020
0.0009 0.0036 0 .0163 0.0688 0.0211.6 0.0101 0.0080 0.0032
0.0005 0.0022 0.0056 0.0219 0.0837 0. 0310 0.0111.5 0.0069
0.00014. 0.0013 0.0038 0.0083 0.0290 0.0991 0.0)4.13 0.0129
0.0003 0.0012 O .0025 0.00611. 0.0131 0.0 1l.03 0.1202 0.0382
0.0005 0.0010 0.0028 0.0051 0.0126 0.0253 0.0771 0.11211.
Plan form 311.3
0.0208 O.011,.l 0.0066 0.00l2 0.0023 0.0018 0.00111. 0.0007
0.0072 O.O14.36 0.0210 0.0088 0.0057 0.0035 0.0030 0.0013
0.002 11. o.oili.6 0.0602 0.02141. 0.0097 0.0067 O.O014 0.0022
0.0012 O.0O149 O . 0195 0.0736 0.0273 0.0109 0.0083 0.0032
0.0006 0.0028 0.0067 0.0237 0.0855 0.0311 0.0137 0.00614.
0.00011. 0.0015 0.0011.2 0.0087 0.0286 0.0972 0.0381 0.0113
0.0003 0.0013 0.0026 0.0063 0.0120 0.0367 0.1137 0.0311.0
0.0003 0.0011 0.0027 0.0014.9 0.0113 0.0216 0.0682 0.1063
Plan form 311.11.
0.0222 0.0165 0.0088 0.0057 0.0031 0.0022 0.0015 0.0007
0.00814. 0.O4.81I. 0.0259 0.0118 0.00711. 0.0011.1 0.0033 0.0013
0.0031 0.0178 0.0675 0.0298 0.0121 0.0O7 0.0011.7 0.0023
0.0016 o.006l4. 0.0233 0.0805 0.0310 0.0119 0.00811. 0.0031
0.0007 0.00314. 0.0081 0.0262 0.0896 0.0316 0.0126 0.0057
0.0005 0.0017 0.0011.6 0.0091 0.02811. 0 .09 66 0.03141. 0.0091
0.0003 0.0013 0.0027 0.0060 0.0107 0.0323 0.1060 0.02811.
0.0003 0.0010 0.0025 0.0011.3 0.0095 0.0169 0.0557 0.0983
w
NACA TN 30114 59

TABLE V. - Continued

AERODYNANIC-INYLUENCE-COEFFICIENT MATRICES

(b) Antisynirnetric loadings [Q]

Plan form 311

0.7812 0.5201 0.3395 0.2619 0.1930 0.1255 O.061i.2

0.3225 1.9623 1.2583 0.7818 0.5867 0.3630 0.18691
0.1615 0.9296 3.2298 1.911.711. 1.1733 0.7708 0.36311.1
0.1102 0.5007 1.5966 14.3377 2.141478 1.32141 0.6582 I
0.0703 0.3351 O.861i.0 2.1287 5.1126 2.5737 1.05111
0.0 1414.7 0.1977 0.5300 1.0690 2.31425 5.3269 2.06711
0.0210 0.0969 0.21120 0.5089 0.9126 1.9539 14..592j

Plan form 312

0.8318 0.7328 0.51i.70 0.14566 0.3302 0.22148 0.109]

0.3714.8 2.0118 1.11266 0.9806 0.71129 0.11.736 0.211.061
0.1956 0.99011. 3.1508 1.9973 1.2558 0.8336 0.39691
0.13114. 0.511.611. 1.5856 14.1026 2.3617 1.3018 0.611.811.1
0.08314. 0.3609 0.8660 2.0280 14.7392 2.14.026 0.9868 I
0.0523 0.2127 0.5278 1.0227 2.1767 4.8872
1.7914.0
1.8992 I
0.0211.6 0.1035 0.21411 0.14856 0.8498 14.1950]

Plan form 313

0.8235 0.7338 0.5596 0.147511. 0.314911. 0.23911. 0.1175

0.371414 2.0015 1.11.393 1.0087 0.7730 0.11.976 0.25311.
0. 1 9714: 0.9935 3.11400 2.0136 1.2827 0.85611. 0.14.096
0.132 8 0.5509 1.5877 14.0796 2.3614.1 1.3117 0.65145
0.08141 0.3629 0.8678 2.0191 14.69140 2.3853 0.9817
0.05 2 5 0.2130 0.5268 1.0168 2.15146 14.8256 1.8756
0.0214.5 0.1032 0.2399 0.148114 0.81100 1.7702 14.1376

Plan form 3114.

0.8182 0.7331 0.5650 0.14.811.9 0.36011. 0.21485 0.1221

0.3737 1.99141 1.1414146 1.0239 0.7912 0.5132 0.2620 I
0.1983 0.9950 3.1336 2.0214.0 1.3009 0.8727 0.14191 I
0.1337 0.5541 1.5902 14.0687 2.3691 1.3210 0.6602 I
o.o84 0.36141 0.8692 2.0111.8 14.6690 2.37614 0.9792 I
0.05214 0.2125 0.5211.7 1.0110
0.11.760
2.1387 14.7865 L8596 I
0.02143 0.1022 0.2373 0.8301 1.7517 I1..loo9J

Plan form 315

0.8167 0.7328 0.5666 o.li.880 0.36140 0.2516 0.12143

0.3735 1.9920 1.141465 1.0289 0.79714 0.5186 '0.2651
0.19 8 7 0.9959 3.13214 2.0281 1.3076 0.8787 0.14.225
0 . 1314.1 0.5555 1.5918 14.0667 2.3720 1.3214.8 0.66214.
0.0811.7 0.3611.6 0.8698 2.0136 14.6616 2.37314 0.9781
0.0522 0.2119 0.5230 1.0073 2.1311 14.7716 1.85214
0.0211.1 0.1012 0.2351 0.14716 0.8231 1.714114 14.0865
 NACA TN 3011,.

TABLE V. - Continued

AER0DYNAMIC-INFLTJENCE-00EFFIC]ENT MATRICES

(b) Continued

Plan form 321

0.3819 0.1782 0.1111.0 0.0750 0.0612 0.0311.14 0.02011

0.130 11. 0.9993 0.51425 0.2911.6 0.2156 0.1279 0.0662 I
0.0559 0.141711. 1.7058 0.9162 0.li.963 0.3186 0.111.531
0.037 6 0.2005 0.7720 2.3620 1.2307 0.6165 0.30191
0.0229 0.13211. 0.3869 1.0925 2.8688 1.3711.6 0.5357 I
0.0111.7 0.0758 0.2355 0.5227 1.2702 3.0808 1.16921
0.0068 0.0377 0.1058 0.21488 0.11.821 1.U1.11. 2.727J

Plan forni 322

0 .145 89 0.3835 0.2601 0.2025 0.1368 0.0907 0.01430

0.1970 1.0797 0.7115 0.14.14.33 0.3183 0.1930 0.0969
0.0911.9 0.11.986 1.6552 0.9719 0.5598 0.3579 0.1611.5
o.o6ol1. 0.25142 0.78011. 2.11421 1.1532 0.5925 0.2888
0.03611. o.1611i. 0.3982 1.0016 2.11.972 1.2055 0.11.721
0.02214 0.0919 0.2370 0.11.797 1.1032 2.6290 0.9959
0.0103 0.011.11.5 0.1061 0.2257 0.11.171 0.91472 2.3152

Plan form 323

0.1414.88 0.38714. 0.2771 0.2216 0.1525 0.1008 0.011.791

0.197 8 1.0708 0.7326 0.11.758 0.31453 0.2108 0.1053 I
0.0983 0.5072 1.61481 0.99511. 0.5873 0.3760 0.1733 I
0.0628 0.2628 0.7886 2.1165 1.1555 0.59911. 0.2917 I
0.037 6 0.16514. 0.11.033 0.9926 2.11.3711. 1.1795 0.11.622 I

0.0228 0.0930 0.2370 0.11.725 1.0718 2.51123 0.96014 I

0.01014 0.011.11.5 0.1050 0.2200 0.11.019 0.9107 2.2311.1]

Plan form 3214

ro. 14.11.l14 0.3873 0.2857 0.2338 0.1639 0.10814 0.0515

10.19714 1.0620 0.71431 0.11.971 0.3653 0.2211.6 0.1117
I 0.1003
0.5118 1.61430 1.0130 0.6098 0.3913 0.18011.
10.06145 0.2690 0.7958 2.1011.14 1.1626 0.6077 0.2911.8
I
0.03 814. 0.1681 0.11.0714 0.9887 2.14008 1.1629 0.14.511.7
I
0.0228 0.0930 0.2353 0.14651 1.01466 2.14.786 0.9308
L0.O1O2 0.01435 0.1022 0.2125 0.38514. 0.8768 2.1721

Plan form 325

0.14388 0.3872 0.2886 0.23811. 0.16814. 0.11114. 0.0529

0.1973 1.0590 0.71468 0.5053 0.3735 0.2302 0.1111.1
0.1011 0.5138 1.61421 1.0205 0.61914. 0.3977 0.1831
0.0652 0.2717 0.7996 2.1025 1.1672 0.6115 0.2957
0.0387 0.1693 0.14093 0.9881 2.3888 1.1562 0.11.5011.
0.0227 0.0925 0.2337 0.14605 1.0311.1 2.11.510 0.9153
0.0100 0.01426 0.0997 0.2070 0.37145 0.8566 2.11423
 NACA TN 30114. 61
TABLE V. - Continued

(b) Continued

Plan form 331

To.1887 0. 0376 0.0311.14. 0.0129 0.0177 .0.0057 0.005]

l0.0'137 0.5288 0.2026 0.0926 O.0614J1. 0.03714. 0.01911
10.0137 0.1688 0.9376 0.3981 0.1798 0.1129 0.014.891
0.0095 0.0628 0.3468 1.3490 0.5916 0.2556 0.12351
I 0.0051 0.0 11.1 14. 0.1437 0.5372 1.7069 0.7256 0.2514.51
10.0035 0.0216
0.0112
o.0861i.
0.0367
0.22 14.5
0.1065
0.6831
0.2383
1.9214.2
0.6611
0.6832 I
• 1.802^J
Plan form 332
fO.28 3 1
l 0.2092 0.1158 0.0809 0.0486 0.0316 O.Ol1i.]
I 0.1081 0.6255 0.3496 0.1787 0.1188 0.0661 0.03311
I10.02
0.0431 0.2476 0.9187 0.11.511.14. 0.21811. 0.1327 0.o571J
14.6
I 0.0132
0.10 14.6
0.0615
0.3690
0.1585
1.1751
0.14.750
0.5408
1.38811.
0.2382 0.1129 I
0.5908 0.2060 I
10.0079 0.0321 0.0899 0.1971 0.514.70 1.5138 0.52961
L0.0035 0.0155 0.0378 0.0907 0.1867 0.5093 1.11.09j
Plan form 333
0.2733 0.2180 0.1338 0.0953 0.0578 0.03614. 0.0163
0.1115 0.6234 0.3776 0.2063 0.1361 0.0752 0.0368
0.0479 0.262 14. 0.9183 0.4799 0.2381 0.1423 0.0608
0.0273 0.1152 0.3821 1.1499 0.5416 0.2399 0.1122
0.01 14.4 0.0660 0.1655 0.4679 1.3222 0.5615 0.1939
0.0083 0.0337 0.0908 0.1915 0.5135 1.11.125 0.4873
0.0036 0.0158 0.0375 0.0860 0.1711 0.14.6514. 1.3087
Plan form 3314.
E0.26'47 0.2201 0.1451 0.1065 0.0657 0.0403 0.0171
I 0.1122 0.61614. 0.3911.2 0.2282 0.1509 0.0827 0.03911.1
I 0.0509
10.0294
0.2715
0.1235
0.9175 0.5017
1.1380
0.2568
0.5480
0.1508
0.2431
0.06351
0.11131
0.3941
I 0.015 11.
0.00811.
0.0694
0.0 342
0.1716 0.4659 1.2783 0.5398 0.18271
I 0.0906 0.1860 0.4856 1.3314 0.144811
L0.00 35 0.0153 0.0359 0.0802 0.1549 0.11.220 1.22l0J
Plan form 335
ro.2615 0.2207 0.149 11. 0.1114 0.0692 0.0418 o.oi8i]
I 0.0521
0.1124 0.6139 0.4006 0.2378 0.1577 0.0858 0.0400 I
I 0.2752
0.1273
0.9187
0.40011.
0.5122
1.1373
0.2658 0.1542 0.0639 I
I 0.0303 0.5528 0.21141 0.1097J
10.0158 0.0709 0.1711.5 0.4664 1.2631 0.5291 0.1754 I
I 0.0084 0.0340 0.0895 0.1818 0.4699 1.2915 0.42461
L0.003h4 0.0111.7 0.0344 0.0759 0.114.11.4 0.3958 l.1758J
62 NACA TN 3011i.

TABLE V. - Concluded

RODYIC-ThLUENCE-COEFFICIENT MATRICES

(b) Concluded

Plan fortn311.1
0.09514. -0.0093 0.0159 -0.0030 0.0072 -0.0010 0.0023
I 0.0102 0.2938 0.05114. 0.0266 0.0133 0.0103 0.0014.0
0.11127 0.0526 0.0317 0.0135 I
I 0.0022 0.05611. 0.5381
0.8003 0.211.88 0.08511. 0.0 11.111. I
I 0.0020 0.0138 0.1356
0.0106 0.0395 0.2357 1.0519 0.314.65 0.1005
0.0008
0.0007 0.0011.3 0.02514. 0.0714J4 0.33149 1.25011. 0.3759
L°°°°2 0.0027 0.0092 0.0366 0.0955 0.3716 1.2729J
Plan form 311.2
0.1953 0.1132 0.0 11.14.7 0.0277' 1i.
o.0i11 0.0092 0.0011.0
0.0586 0.3868 0.1593 0.0591 0.0368 0.0182 0.0093
0.0167 0.1136 0.5389 0.19311. 0.0688 0.011.011. o.o157
0.0081i. 0.03i4.1. 0.1589 0.6818 0.2311 0.0776 0.0365
0.0037 0.0190 0.0 1l. 96 0.2059 0.8162 0.2663 0.0714.4
0.0023 0.00814. 0.0274 0.0642 0.2502 0.9230 0.2655
0.0009 0.0014.3 0.0100 0.0296 0.0679 0.2594 0.9282
Plan form 343
o.1881i. 0.12711. 0.05 88 0.0361 0.0180 0.0111 0.0045
0.0652 0.3937 0.1880 0.0759 0.0450 0.0213 0.0106
0.0212 0.1308 0.51125 0.2152 0.0787 0.011.11.1 0.0166
0.0103 0.01125 0. 1716 0.6586 0.2326 0.0771 0.0352
0.0045 0.0218 0.0511.7 0.2018 0.7511.8 0.2 11.11.0 0.0658
0.0025 0.0094 0.0281 0.0616 0.2211.6 0.82514. 0.2285
0.0009 0.0011.5 0.0100 0.0270 0.0582 0.2203 0.8192
Plan form 3411.
0.1799 0.1332 0.0699 0.0435 0.0217 0.0125 0.0048
0.0678 0.3917 0.2080 0.0917 0.0528 0.0211.0 0.0112
0.0245 0.1431 0.511-50 0.2352 0.0893 0.0473 0.0169
0.0119 0.0497 0.18-4.2 0.6459 0.23711. 0.0773 0.0335
0.0051 0.0214.1 0.0596 0.2011 0.7106 0.2261 0.0574
0.0026 0.0099 0.0283 0.0592 0.2027 0.7439 0.1935
0.0009 0.0043 0.0096 0.0211.0 0.0487 0.1816 0.7195

NACA TN O1A 63

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NACA TN 30114. 65

TABLE VII
MATRICES USED IN LIFT-DISTRIBUTION CPLCULATI0NS

(a) Symmetrical distributions

[sin n8 ml =

0.19509 0.55557 0.83114.7 0.98079 0.98079 0.83114.7 0.55557 0.19509

0.38268 0.92388 0.92388 0.38268 -0.38268 - 0. 92388 -0.92388 -0.38268
0.55757 0.98079 0.19509 -o.8311i.7 -0.83114.7 0.19509 0.98079 0.55557
0. 7071]. 0. 70711 -0.70711 -0.70711 0.70711 0.70711 -0.70711 -0.70711
0.83114.7 0.19509 -0.98079 0.55557 0.55557 -0.98079 0.19509 0.83114.7
0.92388 -0. 38268 -0.38268 0. 92388 -0.92388 0.38268 0.38268 -0.92388
0.98079 -0.83114.7 0.55557 - 0 .19509 -0.19509 0.55557 -0.83114.7 0.98079
00000 -1.00000 1.00000 -1.00000 1.00000 -1.00000 1.00000 -1.00000

1- -i-i
L51n nOj =
. 014.877 0.09567 0.13889 0.17678 0.20787 0.23097 0.214.520 0.12500
0. 13889 0.23097 0.21152O 0.17678 0.011.877 - 0. 0956 7 -0.20787 -0.12500
0. 20787 0.23097 0.014.877 -0.17678 0.214.520 -0.09567 0.13889 0.12500
0.214.520 0.09567 -0. 20787 -0.17678 0.13889 0.23097 0.0 11.877 -0.12500
0.214.520 -0.09567 -0.20787 0.17678 0.13889 -0.23097 O.0 1 877 0.12500
0.20787 -0.23097 o.o'877 0.17678 O.214.520 0.0 9567 0.13889 -0.12500
0. 13889 -0.23097 0.214.520 -0.17678 0.014.877 0.0 9567 -0.20787 0.12500
. o1877 -0.09567 0.13889 -0.17678 0.20787 -0.23097 0.2 14.520 -0.12500
[cos nerniLni =

31.00000 3.00000 5.00000 7.00000 9.00000 11.00000 13.00000 15.00000

0.98079 2.14.914.14.1 2. 77785 1.36563 -1.75581 -6.11127 -10.80911 _114..71185
0.92388 1. ili.8o4 1.91314.0 6.11.6716 -8.3111.92 - 1t .20914.8 1i. . 971i.8Ji. 13.85820
o.83117 -0. 58527 90395 -3.88899 5.00013 10.78869 2.53617 _12.1l.7205
0. 70711 -2 .12133 -3. 53555 1t .911.977 6.36399 -7.77821 9.19211.3 10.60665
0. 55557 2.914.237 0.975)5 5.82029 7.14.8323 2.114.599 12.75027 -8.33355
0. 38268 -2.771614. 14. . 61914.0 -2.67876 _3.11J4i.12 10.16268 _12.O1O II.14. 5.714.020
0.19509 -1.66671 14. . 15735 -6. 86553 8.82711 _9.1 14617 7.22214.1 -2.92635

Lhll=
0.06250
0.12500
0.12500
0.12500
0.12500
0.12500
0.12500
0. 12500


NACA TN 30111.

TABLE VII. - Continued

MATRICES USED IN LIY1-DISTRIBUTI0N CLCULATI0NS

(a) Concluded

[sin nemi
I iInl=
L'' 9m]'

1.00000 8.511.313 21.30990 35.19159 14. 5.2 11.633 11. 6.88178 37.02023 15.00000
1.00000 7.211.272 12.07120 7.00000 -9.00000 _ 2 6.556140 -31.3 8512 -15.00000
1.00000 5.29620 1.75580 _l0. 11.7614.l -13.14-6967 3.86276 22 . 95020 15.00000
1.00000 3.00000 -5.00000 -7.00000 9.00000 11.00000 -13.00000 -15.00000
1.00000 0.70389 -5.89795 14..67719 6.01353 12.97511.9 3.05019 15.00000
1.00000 _l.211.263 -2.07105 7.00000 -9.00000 14-.55631 5.3814-73 -15.00000
1.00000 -2.5 14.328 2.83220 -1.39237 -1.79019 6.230811. -11.02088 15.00000
1.00000 -3.00000 5.00000 -7.00000 9.00000 -11.00000 13.00000 -15.00000

[B=

5.1258 l.81l8l 0 _O.15111. 0 -O.01i-81 o -0.0163

-0.9 14.22 2.6131 -1.0193 0 -0.1017 0 _0.01l.l1 0
0 -0.7022 1.7999 -0.7191 0 -0.0815 0 -0.0226
0.0 11.17 0 0.5611.9 1.14.114-2 -0.5739 0 -0.0773 0
0 _o.o168 0 0.11.881 1.2027 0.14.9911. 0 -0.0506
-0.0102 0 0.01490 0 _0.1l.1l.911. 1.08211. -o.1l-8:IA 0
0 -0.0160 0 -0.0557 0 -0.11535 1.0196 -0.11-106
-0.0063 0 -0.0251 0 _0.0814-2 0 -0.8053 1.0000

[Dl =

0.039276 -0.018861 0.011693 -0.007813 0.005220 -0.003236 0.0015511.

-0.018861 0.0509 6 9 -0.0266714. 0.016913 -0.011014-8 0.006775 -0.003236
-0.0275 811. -0.007 813 0.014.14 11-96 -0.022097 0.0132 11.6 -0.007813 0.003666
0.011011.8 -0.03 14.0 57 -0.003236 0.014.0830 -0.018861 0.010138 0.0011.577
-0.00614. 73 0.015625 -0.0377 23 0 0.037723 -0.015625 0.00614.73
0.001 577 -0.010138 0.018860 -0.011-0830 0.003 236 0.03 14.056 -0.011011-8
-0.003 666 0.007813 _0.013211.6 0.022097 _0.0 11.11 14.96 0.007813 0.0275811.
0.003236 -0.006775 0.011011.8 -0.016913 0.02667 1.l -0.0509 69 0.018861
-0.0015514- 0.003 236 -0.005 220 0.007813 -0.011693 0.018861 -0.039276

NACA TN 5O14 6i

TABLE VII. - Continued

MATRICES USED IN LIFT-DISTRIBUTION CALCULATIONS

(b) Antisyrninetrical distributions

Lsin n8]
0.38268 0.70711 0.92388 1.00000 0.92388 0.70711 0.38268
0.70711 1.00000 0.70711 0.00000 -0.70711 -1.00000 -0.70711
0.923 88 0.70711 -0 . 38268 -i.00000 -0.38268 0.70711 0.92388
1.00000 0.00000 -1.00000 0.00000 1.00000 0.00000 -1.00000
0.92388 -0.70711 -0.38268 1.00000 -0.38268 -0.70711 0.92388
0.70711 -1.00000 0.70711 0.00000 -0.70711 1.00000 -0.70711
0.38268 -0. 70711 0.923 88 -1.00000 0.92388 -0.70711 0.38268

[sin nO1 =
0.095 67 0.17678 0.23097 0.25000 0.23097 0.17678 0.09567
0.17678 0.25000 0.17678 0.00000 -0.17678 -0.25000 -0.17678
0.23097 0.17678 -0.095 67 -0.25000 -0.09567 0.17678 0.23097
0.25000 0.00000 -0.25000 0.00000 0.25000 0.00000 -0.25000
0.23097 -0.17678 -0.09567 02500O -0 .09567 -0.17678 0.23097
0.17678 -0.25000 0.17678 0.00000 -0.17678 0.25000 -0.17678
0.095 67 -0.17678 0.23097 -0.25000 0.23097 -0.17678 0.09567

Lcos ne1Ln1
2.00000 4.00000 6.00000 8.00000 10.00000 12.00000 14.00000
1.84776 2.8281i.4 2.29608 0.00000 -3.82680 -8.48532 -12.93432
1.41422 0.00000 -4.24266 -8.00000 -7.07110 0.00000 9.89954
0.7653 6 -2.82844 -5.54348 0.00000 9.23880 8.48532 -5.35752
0.00000 -4.00000 0.00000 8.00000 0.00000 -12.00000 0.00000
-0.76536 -2.82844 5.54328 0.00000 -9.23880 8.48532 5.35752
-1.41422 0.00000 4.24266 -8.00000 7.07110 0.00000 -9.89954
-1.84776 2.82844 -2.29608 0.00000 3.82680 -8.48532 12.93432
-2.00000 4.00000 -6.00000 8.00000 -10.00000 12.00000 -14.00000

L'il=
0.06250 -
0.12500
0. 12500
0.12500
0.12500
0.12500
0.12500
0. 12500
0.06250
 NACA TN 30Th-

TABLE VII. - Concluded

MATRICES USED IN LIFT-DISTRIBUTION CALCULATIONS

(b) Concluded

r6 no;l
I i[n=
LSlflemJ

3.92312 l4. 1i9 8 l2 28. 111396 11.00672 11.7.35660 11.3.11.911.36

3.69556 10. 14. 5260 11.08668 0.00000 -18. 11.7780 -31.357 80 -25.86892
3.3259 14. 5.09116 -4.13292 -14.39992 -6.88820 15.273 11.8 23.28158 I
2.828112 -o.000oo -8. 1t8526 0.00000 111.111210 0.00000 -19.79 89 4 I
2.22228 -3.11.0172 -2.7 61 50 9.62152 -4.60250 -10.20516 15.55596 I
1.530711. -4.32956 4.59222 0.00000 -7.6537 0 12.9 8868 -10.715 18 I
0.78036 -2.88384 5.65188 -8.15672 9.11-1980 -8.65152 5.11.6252]

LB1=
5.1259 -1.8448 0.0000 -0.1436 0.0000 -0.0326 0.0000
-0.9 11.05 2.6131 -1.0138 0.0000 -0.0898 0.0000 -0.0166
0.0000 -0.69 8 3 1.7999 -0.7097 0.0000 -0.0619 0.0000
-0.0396 0.0000 -0.5576 1.41142 -0.5576 0.0000 -0.0396
0.0000 0.0 11.14 0.0000 _0.14.711.2 1.2027 -O.1i-666 0.0000
-0.0069 0.0000 -0.0372 0.0000 -0.11.199 1.08211. -0.3896
0.0000 -0.0065 0.0000 -0.0286 0.0000 -0.3670 1.0196

[Dl =

0.0 14.0014. 6 -0.020415 0.01 11.062 _O.0110 14.8 0.009396 _O.008 14.56 0.007966 -0.003907
_0.020 14.15 0.054108 -0.031464 0.023459 -0.019505 0.017362 -0.016269 0.007966
-0.025984 -o.011048 0.049 11.11.2 -0.028872 0.022028 -0.018861 0.017362 -0.008456
0 . 00 93 66 -0.03064 9 -0.008456 0.048012 -0.028228 0.022028 -0.019505 0.009396
-0.004666 0.011959 -0.032081 -0.007813 0.048012 -0.028871 0.023459 -0.011048
0.002593 -0.006097 0.012603 -0.032081 -0.008456 0.04914.14.2 -0.03114.614. 0.014062
-0.001430 0.003 2 3 6 -0.006097 0.011959 -0.030649 -0.011048 0.05 11.108 -0.020415
0.0006 14 11. - 0.001430 0.002593 -0.004666 0.009366 -0.025984 -0.020415 0.040046
NACA
NACA TN 3O1I

N N 0CC\ 0U\0 U'H G 0

o
0
0) 0 0)00'00O0Q
H H '0 '0H '0H
0 H -4 0 0 0 41
7
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05 N
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OS
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OS
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05
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0 01

OS 04OS 050 05 N
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01
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OS
N N05 05N 0 5-5
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05
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<®QI°Q P

®®®®®@® ©©©®©©®®©©©©®

To NACA TN Oi 1 -

aD
CO
a) G C' U\ Cf\ U-
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o 0 .-1 H 0 0 d

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Cu ICS
&C\ Cu
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o 0 0 H 0 0 H 0

CO
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US
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(U
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odo doCud

CO
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9'• 500
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H —
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US
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50
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USUS
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(U
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HCu 05
'0
CC)
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US
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o d 0 d 0 KS 0

CO CO 0 Cu US
CO CO
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0
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Cu
OS
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a) 05
N
H
05
0
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a)
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CO
50
US
HN OCu
US KS N US
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US
Cu
OS Os 0 US Cu
US
0
0
Cu
50 CO
ddd doK-so

OS

4,
a)
H COOs
0
0 N OSNUS HKSH USUSKS
H
US

0 N N
a)
KS 0 50
CC KS
OSOOHUSO H 0 0Na)US Cu
Cu
O H 0 KS 0 0 KS 0

*
r

C,
0
NACA TN O11i- 11

-HN- -N-H '0O01 '0Q\CV -K- -

H
010 001 '0a '00'
V 0 K
.-
Co U '0
0 H H 0 0 0

N- 0'0 Co O V\ U)
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C\
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0 HC\
Co '0
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N- a) O\ H 01 H '0

!!!. !!.

-N-
H
N-U\
V\
0
0
0
U\
'0
0'0 '0CVH Co -
K\01 H0V\
Co

CO
C\ N-\ -CV
C01O
Cl
N-C
N- O'O
d 0 0 8' 0 0 H 0

N- -4 '0 N- C\ N- K\
H H H
N-0 -N04 -*
H 0'0' -HU\ '0CUN- H
Co\ N-HO
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d 0 0 Co 0 0 04 0

N- N- - N--
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Os

dd 0 010

___________ ___________ ___________

N- a)
Co -
H - Cs
50
-0' V051
-
-4
VS
N\
04
04OS H04 OS
'0
a) H OSH
CO OSOCo 5500• Co
0'O
C 0 0 0 0

N- 0 04 VS 0 0 05
-*Co04 OSH
N- VS 0 VS
VS-1 0
CO -
05 N-
05
Co
H
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04

ddosooU\o
CO OS -4 50 05 CV
0 CV SO
OS

-
0
N-
0
05 '0
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0 -*CO Co04 VSH 0
H
VS
0
0
Co
50
KS SO
VS.* 04 05 CU
CoOH0osos CU
O H 0 IfS 0 0 VS 0

*
C-

!

12 NACA TN 301)-4-

HH HH .-1 HOJ
04
00 00 00
o
N-
0 N-
0 -
H -H 00 00 00
o 0 H H 00 0

H'-I a'0 040 00' -0)0

'0H '0O\ 00
0N- C\O 04-I 1 0H 04O CO\
H 00
H U\ a' cii CO 4i
0 0 0 H H 0 C) C)

HH CO'4) -l\ C\04 \4)HN- U0J '0

0N- CO04lOS -04OS 0)040
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lC\
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c
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HHI- N-
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0)N--1 04040 -a'0) 00
C) H C) C) -
0 0 0 '0 0 0 H 0

H H 0 04 0
±
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dd ,
It

i-iS -

U HH0- -0-H '4•i\) N-HH 0)a'a' N- lOs 0

-
C)
00- COIi) 04-4 -0 50- H0 50
0)
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C)
0 0 0) 0 0 04 0

HH CO N-
0-
CO
H 04-4 a'a' K)H 00
N-
0N-
a)
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SO
040SO4'O H 50- 500
K) 00
'0050 4
0 0 0 - 0 0 04 0

H C) 0a' 0H 000
HN- a'0N- CO'0Ii) 0a'K)
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-
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HH 00 a' C) a' 0404 00

04 -04-i
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0- N-
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a'
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C)
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0 04 - C) 0.05 C)

C; -d lOS 0 0 ('4 0

*F
0
Itr.
NACA TN 3O11

Nu N aI(\ 1C\ \O O D

'C' 0 4r\ Ga
N O\N 0
C'
0
J4J\
o 0 -4 .-4 C
'C'
dd 141

N os0 cc cc '0 4(5 as '-a

-C)N HCU as05
4(5 -
U-s 4(5 0
4(5
U
05
H '0
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US CU
H 50
U-' 0IC'
o 0 0 CU H 0 0 0

NC\ Os
cc
So cc 0CU H
cc
Os
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H' 50

U-S KS H N 0 0
odou-,4ddd

N'CS N
US
ccOS KS '-0
IS U-S05 o 504 8
o 0 0 H 0
0) ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ U
-4

USUSN .-
HN CU
H'CSIS 10Os05 OsNH 50Os '0445
'CS 05N CUCU 4OS
U-S N H US 0 4(5
U-'

N 4N
USUS 0 0U-S
05
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Ci0s 50 50
(s1510HU-s
cc
US -U-
cN 'aCii CUNON 145OJOs 045
o 0 0 145 0 0 H 0

N
U-sUS 10
10
H445 0H 145
OS 'CS NN
IS r4sCii 10 4(5
HN USN SO
I45
IA a) a)
US 1)5 50
445 '0 H ccH 0KS
o o C 01 0 0 Cii 0

N
1(5
OsN CUCU
CUN 1005 a)H 40 50
US
'CS
0
a)
1(501
H'CS 0IS cc0 500
4(505444550 H 145
o 0 0 C 0 0 CU 0 05

N4(5 00 44145 N0 ccUS (Usi-s 0 50

USUS 00 4- 0415 -U-
01 N
05
cc
OsH 0
US 0 C51\0 H KS
O H 0 CU 0 0 (41 0

*C-
4'
0

714 NACA TN 5011,

a)
'C) 'a)C) u-H Hi\ -
-
0 '0 - 0 -
a)
K\ H '0 '0
H H H H
iLl'S

d 0

D
C)
O 0C\ N- O\ 0H cu 4
Cu
a)
0
N- 0KN- N-
C)
N\C)(\
a)
-\
\ H
0 a)
H K\ N- \
H
o 0 0 U H 0 C) 0

'a)Cca) 'a)CCu) N-
U
a) -*
4
a) a) 0 8 'C)
0 u-sN-
a)
'C)
*
H U5
o 0 H 0 0
______________________ _____________________ ________ _____________________
a

CD N- Os CCC H Os H
U
Cuu-'Cu 2
C 0 H
I I

I
0 0
C) [
'C)
IX)
'C)
CCC
a)
11\

d. 0
H
0N-
-
-
H\

CCI
1(5

0
115
CIC
cu
a)
0
H
'0
N-
H
05
0
CC)
u-s
C)
(5

-1
d - d
4
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N-
a)
H
--
H

i-i B
:i . 0
.
IX)
'0
N- Os HCC) '0CCI -HH '0-H C)
CC) H
- N-
a) a)
CC)Cu IX)Cu
a)
1(5
11\
a)
-
-
115
0
C -
N- -H
o o d
I I
0 C) H 0

a) a) C) CS N- 0 0 4
O a) CC) N- CS Os
CC) u-C N- CS
N- CCI N- H
000HOC)HC)

a) ° CS CCI - CS
'C) N- Os
- g'
ECSCS
CS 05 CS CC) N- CS IX) H
d d d H C) o H

IX
a
C)1

CO'C) C)C) C')

OSH CS 0) 0 --
CO0)CS 0C)C)
CS
HN-C) 'C)OS-I
0)
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Cu
H
C) a)
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N-
a)
CS OS -
H CC)

C H 0 H 0 0 H C)

*
C-

0

NACA TN 3O11 - 15

;' r\ (\ u.\ CO
O 0 O OJ C'J
- •1 H .- 0 0 0 iL'S'
o

O\ O Cd - '0

Os 05 0 B 50 0 F' KS
H .-4 u-s .-i o
o 0 Cu 0 C

05 CO 05 N- Os as Cd 50
o '0 u_s N- N- H CO
F'
05
cu N- 0 0 F' KS
CO CO u_s KS KS KS K\
HK_sHKSN-OKO
o 0 0 us H 0 0 0

CS C-- CO CO '0 F' OS 50

o 'is - 0 H 05 - 0
F' i5 0 .4 Cu as KS CO
Cs F' '0 N- KS CsJ '0 KS
H F' KS N- KS H F' o
odooJHOOd

OS H Cu F' 0 '-0 0 50
o H 0 0 -$ H 05 0
F'
05
N- cu KS a) C') KS
0 H F' o 50 H
H N-u_sos H C'JCO 0
o 0 C H H 0 0 0
C-

4 05
0 -
N- CO
KS
Os
KS
KS
H
CO
05
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H 50 H - - KS
Os KS KS N- N- 0 F' KS
H CO 50 u5 0 .4 0 0
o 0 C H 0 0 H 0

Os CO Os - CO KS Cs SO
o CO N- H 50 H 0
KS CO 0) KS H 0)
CS C') C') N- Cs KS us
,- 05 KS CO 'is 0 0
o o 0 H 0 0 H 0

05 05 0 U5 KS CS) OS 50
O N- N- N- - KS '0
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OS
H
CO
05
CO N- F' H CO KS
C- OJ CO 50 KS 0
o 0 C H 0 0 H 0
Os

05 0 H N- '0 CO '0
o 0 05 KS N- CO 0)
F' 0 .4 Cu 50 N- CO
05 0 0 - KS .4 0) KS Cu
cu
H C- CO Cu CO '0 -4 0
OH 0 ,-4 0 OH 0

*
F

0
I-

76 NACA TN 3O1

o 0 0 8 8 0 0 0

' \,
'7
o
2121 0 0
I I

aD U 4 44
\O
c ')
cj HIII
It\
H11\ 4 '0
o '011\ '0I\
'0
H
'0
H -H 4H 0
o c 0 0

N N If\ \ '0 '0

Ir\ a O '0 0
If\ 0\ 10 '0
o I(\
lt\ N 0N 0
0 0 - I. H 0 0

H H 00 0
N N 4C\i 4OJ 0 80
o 0
N 0N
4-1 4H 0 0
o 0 H H 0 0

N N cD 0\ 4111 4K\
4 4 '0 '0
'0 '0 OJ OJ c
'0 '0 a
o 0 H H 0 0

0I
Il 11\ CU U11\-' U
o C K\
0CU COU CUD\ 0
'0
0 0
o 0I HI H 00

aN oN O
U\ c0 u
O uO\
0
O\ Os H
0
H
0 '0H05 H
\O
05 0
0 0I HI H 0 0

8 0
0
0 0
00 0 00
0 8° 8 0
80 8 0 0
0 0 0 0
H H H H H H

®®®®®® ®®e®©®©©®©©©©®©©®© JI0

NACA TN 3O1I -
77

I a)
0'. 0'. - 0'. N-
0'. N- 00'. 0N-
N- CU

F'\ 0'. CO N- N- '.0

N-'.0 H FC\ F('. 00 U\ 0CU F(\ 0 \0 0-_____
'.0 N- ,-4
zt 0 FC\ F('. H
N-Ho CUz1-O'.0 rC\

IC\-rCH0'.N-- C'.\00\N-(JFC\
HHHH
L(\cO H f\OJ N---FC\N- -
00OQOHuc
I I I I I I I I
..J

z7
F'-' OCOaD''j
N- H N- H CO N- -zi-
'.0 '.0 0 CU 0 -zt 0
0 '.0 N-
CU
(\J 0'.
c\j K'. '.0 H
N- 0'. '.0 H

0 Lrzj- K'. H 0\\.0 K\

r-IHHH
HHFCN
0) 0'. H
- K'.0 H CO
IC\ IC'. H
00HHJ4-IC'.1C\
I I I I I I
tI\ a * IC' '.00'. I I

HH FC\
K'. CU
N- 0\a)
K'.CO
-- -K\N-'.0 0 N- H CO N-H
0 "0 CU - If'.H If'.FC\
0'.-zt IC'. N-'.o IC'CU
IC'. - CU 0 N- - H Hy'.
- '.0 H CU K'. CO N-O
..........
HHCUv
N-HOH(\JO'.O I I I I I I I I

00'. HCU'.0 IC'N-N--

00 0'.K'.If'.
0'. 0'.
N-C'. CU tC\CO
0'. CU - '.0H
0'. - H H
ir'. o'.-t
"0
Ic\N-\Q:)Co\0000 CU IC'.
- F'\ H 0'. If'. (U 0 K'. a) 0'. 0'. 0 - "0
.............. CU

H LI CU CU F'\\0 N-co N-'.0

I
H4-'.o
H 0'. F". 0'. 1C\ FC\IC'.N--
I I I I I I I

'.0 0
CU

H N- H a) H -* 0'.
((I N- aS N- IC'. CO ('.1 N-C'. '.0 '0
CU 0 -zi- IC'.
0 L__i Lr 0'. N- F". '.0 - N- F". 0
0'. K'.
H '.0 '.0 H
0
El H CU 0 '.0 F'. H 0 0'. -1 F".
I'. CU
CU 0'.
HHH
- CU If'. N-a'.
F". - N-cO a'. Co N-'0
CO CUCO CU'.0 N-a)
I I I I I I I I

CU N-rrv,0 N-LC\0\
CO '.0 CU F".
f- '.0
'.0 '.0 H N-C'. 0 - -* -* N- 00
IC'. 0 CU p '.
'.00'. - CU CU N- CU CU
CUK\HHN-'.)N-c'..
CU0N-K\HHO
H CUCO'.OH\OcOO'.0
I I Ir-L I I I I
-0HQG\O'.o
'.0 0'.CU N-0'.\0
H F".O'.K\Q FC\N-
.-*co'.o'.o F".
CU

LC\C0 N-K'.IC\FC\- CU N-H

0N-CUHOo IA'. K'. 0'. H H a) H 0'.
F".N-OCUHCOa)
H K'.N-'.O'.0a'.00H
N- 0 H 0'. N-C'. If'. 0)I 0'.O 0 0'.0'.CO N-
I H H I
0tI\LC\0:J- I I
I I I
'.'.o'.oco o- rc'.
FC\0'.'.0 H K\N-K'.
CO (C'. K'. OHHN'.H'O
CU i-4 00 '.0 K'. F". CX) If'. * '.00'.
CO 0'.'.0 FC\0\\0
OCUO\N-O'.0 HCU HH
N- N- '.0 0 z- IC'. 0'.
-0\CUa)'.o-HCU
- '.0 H '.0 CU CU 0'. 0000'. 0'.
LI'. - FC\ 0 F'.
CU N-
IHHH
' I I
I I CX)
t I
N--

78 NACA TN 30]A

TABLE X
INTEGRATING MATRICES FOR LOAD AND MOMENT COEFFICIENTS

L'CLJ

[.O1915 0.03757 0.O55 O.O69f2 0.08163 0.0907 0 0.09 62 9 O.O19O9]

LJ
Ii 1=

O.O37 2 O.O533 O.O91 3 O.O528 o.O3 8 7 0.01833 O.00196J

Lo. 01818

li 1=
LL1/2]

Lo.01993 0.03596 0.0511 3 0.06556 0.08736 o.o8i6 0.11365J

Li
I Ic 1 I=

L9.00939 0.01735 0.02267 O.025 0.02267 0.01736 0.00939]


NACA TN 3O11i 79

H • Ha".O0U\
r\ If' If' H a' a' (U a'
U If'
H-
(U
a' CU H \O 0 '0 N- 0\
H \D 0\ 0 H N-
I(\ PC\

H
r4 000000000
I I III
•0

0
• H-H(UH(Ua'
H N-- t-H cc
a' N- a' a H 0
- \O H H cc
II (Ulf'HUa'0cIJa'0
H (U (U H 00 H If' Lf'ccHooIc\Ho
0 • (UH-cJNIf\0
a'

0
odddoddoo
11111 I'
'-0HH-N-If'cc(Ua'
\CJCUHON-
H- cc 0 N- (U
4-i
•'a 00000000
cc
• N-N-U\If\\0 a'ccH--
ccK-\0H-(UH-H\o\o
(ID 0
H '0 - N-CDH ,-40 tr\H- V
H- cc cc \0 ¼0 H- N- N-
0 • a'H-HH-H0N-H-
cc

H (U (U H 00 N- HH-H-HN- a'K\N-N-a'0O
0

'-I H
II CU ft\ 0

II 0-1CUCiH-N\(UHO
If' Lf'H Ifr''-Occ
000000000
'liii 4-up 00000000
'a'
N-• OIr\H'0cco\oJN-O N- N-cc CU'0a'(Ua'O
0 00bf'000H-
N-f'(U 0 rf"0H- 0 • ccN-cUa'H-HH-a'
H-'cc\o'0
a' a' (U 0 a' N-cc
II H N\ 0\(UIf"0
HOC (U cc If\ O\
(U
I O-ICUCUH-CUHO
H 000000000 'ai'a 00000000
4-il
III II
'C • If\H-N-0000tf\
0
4-i
'-0
(UCJH-r-4(UDLf'a'(U 0 0 ccLf\ a' Lf\ If' If' If' H If'
cc CU a' If' a' cc 0
Lf'a'N-N-\0H-H-N-
0• 0If\N-\0u\H II Or-4,-IHK',If'CUO
H
(__,__i 4 uIp 00000000
0
a) -"-4
p
000000000
If' • cctf'H-ooiru-\
'p
0 '-0 a' a' N-'0 N-H-
cc N-cc If', If' (U H- If'
\
H L_i i Or-4HHH,f'(U,-1
H- CU cc cc a' a' 0
H- If' CD
LJ

0•
\
If' (U -4 o cc
o cc u Ic's a' 0 N- H 4 00000000
0 II H HcOc000Ic\ccccN-
-
H a' N- 0 Pf' (U (U O\'0
a)

ii 'P -4,-1 HHHHOCU(U00 r;;i H-•

- 000000000
11111 H a' H cc N- N- If' N-
0 H-0OIC',H-H-CDH-
a'a'N-Ff'If'O(UH
H p______ U) o II OCUFf'H
I-I 0 H-
0
• If' cc a' occ H- 0 O If'
Hoo(UCUH-coa'o
LJ lI.D 00000000
II \O 0'0 H H-CD H (U
a' a' H- a' cc If' CD a\ 14\ If' 00H-K'ICDN-a'O
0 OHHOO(U000 0 ccoccN-ooH-o
If'(Ua'If'Ir\Lf'\LDN-
000000000 H- '0 a' N- K\ H (U N\
LJ 'a p II 0000HHIf'CU
C)

q-iI 00000000
H- 0cc'0 N-H-If\CDH-
N-a'H-cc cc cc
N- (U • 0\D\0N-Ha'ODOD
0
ii
cc U\ 0 (U a' (U (U (U 0
CD '-0 (U If' N- 0 If' If' (U 0 ccooH\oIf'H-o
U\0\0a'H-a'U\W\
H - OHHOHH000 (U u\If\u-\N-cc uo
Ooc-1If
oc0000000 I
p 4-I
'op 00000000
H '-OH- cc CO '-0 H-H-
H (U'sO(U'0HH-HN-
N-H-(Ua'H-If'H--
0 \Ca'H- H- cc o H-cc a' N-
H a' N- N-'0 N-H-
0 H-H0ccK\K\Lc\If\
OH- .-4 H- H N- (U (U
I N- CU 0\ a' a' (U If' H H I 0000000(U
H"-I OH000000 00000000
000000000 ,0
'a
H• H-N-H00(U0'O
0 a' H- H '0 N\ 0 \0 H- K\
cc cc H- '00 N- If' H (U
II H-a'H-u\,-IHOHO
000000000
'aci 'a 00000ddoo
II
 NACA TN 301)4.

1.6

1.4

1.2

goIc.)
• 1.0
a)
0
a)
0
o .8

•0
a)
0
.6
Linear

1.

.2

(a)
0

5
•0

go
1°
4
a)
0

0 3
'0
cci
0
2

(b)

0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymmetrical lift distributions.

Figure 1.- Spanwise lift distributions for wings of very low aspect
ratio (from ref. 3).

NACA TN O1l4. 8i

1.6
—d
o (c)
00
IC)

Flap-span ratio,

4
b = i.00

El
10 rTTT

d)

8.-----

-Aileron-span ratio
6 L.
_?a1•0

.10

0I
0 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 1. - Concluded.

82 NACA TN 3Ol1

8
•j

a)
0
•
'0

I'
0

a)

IUUR•UiUUUiUIit

1111111111
8
G)
C)

8
C)

I
0

a)

.) .0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*
.1 .8 .9 1.0

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymmetrical lift distributions.

Figure 2.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 311 (A = 1.5;

NACA TN 301A 83

1.8

I:
10

0
0 .1 .2 .8 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
D1nenion1ess spanwise ordinate, y

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 2. - Concluded.
 NACA TN 3O14-

1.6

CL= 1.994
1.4

1.2
d
-I
00
10
1.0
w
0
S
0
0 .8

•0
0
ci) .6

1
.2

(a)

C = 0.140
5
•0
ar
8°10
4
a)
0

0 3

cci
0
ci 2

11
(b)
OL
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisyminetrical lift distributions.

Figure 3.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 312 (A.=1.5;
A = 0.27).
NACA TN 30111- 85

1.6
— d
o
IC)

I 10

a,
, 6

a)

12
0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate,

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 3 . - Concluded.
 NACA TN 3011i.

1.6

C L = 2.001
1.4

1.2
d

00 Constant
(0

1.0
a)
0

a,
0
0 .8

0
Ca
0
a, .6

Straight-line
II
Quadratic
.2

(a)
0

= 0.142
5
'0

to
i 4
a, Quadratic

U
0

0 3

Cd
0
a, 2

Quintic

(b)
ni
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymmetrical lift distributions.

Figure ii-.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 313 (A = 1.7;
= 0.50).

NACA TN Oili- 8y

1.6
U

j 1.2

i :

I •
10

16
f4
12

0
0 .1 .2 .8 .4 .6 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dtms1o1eae epanwiae ordth*te, y

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure Ii. .- Concluded.


sIsC
NACA TN O11i-

1.6

C 1.978
1.4

1.2
Constant
8° ftC

Ii 1.0
a,
C)

a).
0
C) .8
•0
Ca
0

a, .6

.4

.2

(a)
0

= 0.1431
5
•0

8° IC)

.4
C)

C) 3

ca
0

a 2

(b)

Dimension1ess spanwise ordinate, y*

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisyimnetrical lift distributions.

Figure 5.,- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 3111. (A = 1.5;
= 1.00).
NACA TN Ol1.

1.6
-
'-'0K)

10

, 6

C)

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 5.- Concluded.

 NACA TN Ol1i-

1.6

Ci 1.946
1.4

j 1.0
a)
0

U)
0
0 .8
0
'U
0
U)
a)
.6

'U

Co
.4

.2

(a)

= 0.144
5
•0

10

4
0)
0

0 3

'a
0
a 2

(b)
0
0 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymnietrical lift distributions.

Figure 6.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 315 (A = 1.5;
A = 1.50).
NACA TN 5O1I1

1.6
- d
0
00
Iv

1.2
0

.8

;; .4

10
10

0
4

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 6.- Concluded.


92 NACA TN 3011i-

1.1

CL = 2.994
1..

1.2 onstant
d
-:1
10
j 1.0
ci,

a)0
c-i .8
-0
ccc
0

ci, .6

Linear
1.
Quadratic
.2.
Cubic

(a)
0

C11 = 0.213
5
•0

cJ
I0
4
a)
0

0 3
0
cci
0

a U) 2

ccc0. rtic
1

(b)
0
i .4 .b .b .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymmetrical lift distributions.

Figure 7 . - Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 321 (A = 3.0;

= 0).
NACA TN 3O11 - 93

1.6
- d

j 1.2

Ii

I
.8

.4

10

88

G)

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate,

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure .- Concluded.
91k. NACA TN Oi'i-

1.6 ml ml rn-i nm rm ml nm mm mm mm ll ml mm ml mm mn

C L a = 3.175
1.4

1.2 --_----
d Constant
000
0
1.0 -------------------
a)
N
N
0
0

'O
0
.6 ------ -- -
-
- - - LLear - - - - -
j
.4

Quadratic — — — — - -
.2

(a)
0 UU UJ LLL UU ___ _ UJ •.AL L.0 UJ 'LU u LLL' LL Ui I.AU

C15=O.250
- I
5
0

0
--Linea ' -
4 -7 - - --
0
_z__ ___ -- _
Quadratic _-
0 3
/
'0
(a
0
Cubic - _-
a, 2
- - - - - ,. - - _- - 7 --
Quartic
--
- -. - --
1
7 __ -
7. - — - Quintic - -
/ _-
— .-.'-_ (b)
U — _L_i.I i__L.A_i tL..1..) A..)._A.J L_1_J_.J, __j__j__( I..L_j__L U I I I I I .1_A_I L.A_i__I, I I I I I I I__I__A_I
0. .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(a) Syiiunetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisyminetrical lift distributions.

FIgure 8.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 522 (A = 3.0
= 0.25).
NACA TN 3O11l

1.6
0 -
00
0
1.2

10

a)
6
a)
0
0

4
0
a)

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 8.- Concluded.

 NACA TN 3011i-

1.6

1.4

1.2
U)

00
0

1.0

U)
0
0

U)
0

U)
U)
.6

'xi
a.

.4

.2.

10

4
U)
0

o 3
0
'xi
0

w 2

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisyinmetrical lift distributions.

Figure 9.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 525 (A = 5.0;
= 0.50).
NACA TN O1!1. 97

1.6
-
0
00
IC)

10

q)
;• 6
wa
C)

a
4
a)
2

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 9.- Concluded.

 NACA TN 3O11i

1.6 rU1, mi rYrT rn_C rn- C rn - I rrn Tm rm rm 'rn rm rn-a Tm n'TT m. C C C U, rmn

C =3.397
L
1.4

1.2
6

00
10

j 1.0
a)

a)
0
0 .8 N
lad

Cd
N
0

a) .6
- -- .-__ _L 1 near_ ._ - -.... - - -

.4 ___ __- ---

.2
--- -

II -----
-Quac.iat1L——--------
----- --

(a)
0 ,1u U0 0.1.1 U.1.1 UJ 0.1.1 LLU 0L' LW LW LW LW LW LW LW LW LW LW LW 0.1.1

6 Tfl rmn flfl tm nT Tn TTfl PT, _C PTT PT, mi Tm !Tfl Tn mi C C I C II T'TTT PT

C 1 =0.264
5 - ;4 :___ -
'0 Linear
10

4
a)
0 = Quadratic

III2I::
---.------

/
0 3 -- --- .- = -
•0
Cd
0

'1

0 [iii J.LJ. '.14.1 LLLL ICL £141 2,11.1 I I I Liii Lii) L2,,LL I_JJJ. '_C C IC C II If L.L.L.1
U .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 . 8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymnietrical lift distributions.

Figure 10.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 32 11- (A = 5.0;
= 1.00).
NACA TN 3011i-

1.6
- d
o

IC)

1.2
Cd
0

g .8

Cd
0
.4
Cd

Cd
0.
c 0

10

0)

0)

0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 10.- Concluded.


100 NACA TN 3011i.

1.6 m m mn mT nn nn rm rrn rrn m mn nn m mn nn nm I nm

CL
1.4

1.2

U
IIIIITIIEtEIIIIII
1.0

a)0
U
0

0
a, to

tO
.6 IIIIIIIiIIII Linear — -- -
0)

= - - - - Quadratic — — —
.2

()
0 UJ LW LW LLLJ LW U.JJ LLL) LLLi LW .LLLU LW LW LW LLLL LW iLL) LLL UJ LW iLL

6 n-n n-n n-n mi nil nTI mi n-n rrn mi mi ml mm flil n-n m ml flT mm n

5 -
Linear
-- ------
'U
4
• V
a, Quadratic -
U
--------7----
U 3
_- Cubic
•0
0
a 0) 2

0l

1 /— on-nt r

(b) j —
C LILt LLL .LLJ LW LLL .U..0 I I_I_i_I LILt .LLJ ILL) I I I
0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymmetrical lift distributions.

Figure 11.-. Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 327 (A = 3.0;
A = 1.70).
NACA TN 3011i- 101

1.6
- d

jl.2

.8

0
,; .4

10
10

i1f 8

0
a)
; 6

C)

a)

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 11.- Concluded.


102 NACA TN 30111.

1.6

1.4

1.2 iu•uuu•i•uuui•i•it
a

k)

1.0
ci)
0

Ii)
0
0 ••uuu •ui

Cd
-o
ci, .6

1 IlR•iiEIUU
.2

5
'0

10

4
ci)

•i•ivauuu••u
0

o 3
•0
Cd
0

ci, 2

0 _____________
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7
umii
.8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(a) Syimnetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymmetrical lift distributions.

Figure 12.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 331 (A = 6.0;

NACA TN 3O11 103

1.

Ic

i
a)
C)

a)0
C)

•0
(a
0

a)

10
•0

jC)

8
C)

8
C)
6
•0
'a
0

.4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y'

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d.) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 12.- Concluded.


lO1i NACA TN 50]A

1.4

1.2

goftc
1.0
ci)
U

a)
0
U .8

•0
cci
0
cc .6

1
.2

5
•0

go
to
i 4
a)
0

0 3

0
ci, 2

['I
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
- Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymmetrical lift distributions.

Figure 15.-. Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 332 (A = 6.0;
A = 0.25).
NACA TN 3O1I. 105

1.6
- d
o

10

w
6
w0
U

; 4
0

1)

0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate,

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 13. - Concluded.


106 NACA TN 30111.

1.6 m m rn m rrn rn m rrn nn m m rn m n m m

CL = 4.321
a
1.4

1.2 ----- ---- --

d
u00 Constantii
- 1.0
a
0
a0
O .8
0
0
N
a
0
a .6
- - - - - —Lirear - — - - - - __ - -
- -
.4

.2 - - — Quadratic - - -
= = = - - - - - - - - - -
(a)
0 LW LW LW ____ ____ LW j LW ____ LW ____ ____ LW

6
IIfiII
—
-
5
•0

1111111 IIII;:I 7 ear --

10
4
a
0

Quadratic-
O 3 r---

a
0
/ Cubic —
a 2

1 / ___
____
_ (b)
0 LW LW LU LW LW LW Ii LW LW I I I LW
0
- Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymmetrical lift distributions.

Figure 1)-1.. Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 333 (A = 6.0,;
= 0.70).

NACA TN 3011 107

1.8
-

j 1.2

.8

0
.. .4

10
10

0
w
6

C)

12

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure lii. - Concluded.


108 NACA TN 50l1i.

1.6

1.4

1.2
iiiU••U•U••Ut
00
$0
iiuuuuu••u•ut
j 1.0
a)
0

a)
0
iiu•uu••u•u•s••ut
0

"3
0
a, .6

1
iii
.2

8°10
0
5
iu•u••i••i•uuiit
4
)1)
0

80 3 i•uuuu••uuu••u
0
0
a, 2

11
I
0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, •y

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymxuetrical lift distributions.

Figure 15.-. Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 331 (A = 6.0;
= 1.00).
NACA TN 011i- 109

1.8
- d

1.2

I
3 .8

I: 10

'4

12

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
DtmenBionless spanwise ordinate, 3?

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 15.- Concluded.


110 NACA TN 50111.

1.6 m m n-n rm nm rn rn-a n-n rn m m rn rm n-n n-n n-n I I II

C L = 4.025
1.4

1.2
d
-
Coflstant - - - - - - -
0

11.0
-------------------
a)0
0

0'a

1. .6
IIIIIt

---- -
- -
- Linear -----
-------
I I

.2 :::::.:i_____
— — Cubic — -

rip

6
1I1I1 IIh1h1h1h1

- I - CJd =0.441
5
Linear
8o10
-------- --
7
4 ________7____.___ -
a) Quadratic -
0 ----7--- -
0 3
/
'7
'O

I
0 7 '7Quartic —
a, 2
___7 - -

I LW W LW I LW LW LW UJ I I I
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisynmietrical lift distributions.

Figure 16.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 335 (A = 6.0;
= 1.50).

NACA TN 30]A 111

1.6
_I. d
uI.4

1.2
w
U
E
.8

.4
i

10
10

U
4

12

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(a) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 16. - Concluded.

112 NACA TN 3011e.

1.6 rm rrn rr mn TTfl rTv.JrTn TTVT nr mn T1TI ITfl mn fiT) I I fiT

I
1.4
N
------------- ---ba)-----
C 5.0i3

1.2
'3
Catant
- - - - - -
10

1.0 -
0

0
0 .8

0
.6

1 —
----Linear

I
—
----- --
-
Qdratic — —
.2
— — — — Cubic — —
- - - - - - (a)
0 J.0 LW LW LW UJ LW LW LW UU LW LW LW LW LW LW LW LW LW LW

6 Tn rm -i-i- em rir Tn rmn rrr Tn mm em 1,Tn mm rmn rmn err, err tree nTI mn

5
0
-
0
4
a) ----- - ---
0 - Q adratic —

0 3 -
/
- - - - -
'a

I
0 - Cubic -
a, 2 -
nsrtic -

-i2-_-_
-------------- -

[1 LW LU LW LW _ ___ ___ ______

Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymnietrical lift distributions.

Figure 17.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 31-1 (A = 12.0;
= a).

NACA TN 30114. 113

1.6

1.4

1.2
r3

8°w
1.0

cl)
0
o .8
•0
Ce
0
'a, .6

1
.2

12

10
•0

8°0

8
0

o 6

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y*

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 17 . — Concluded.

1111. NACA TN 30111.

1.6 -rn rrri ri-n -i-n n-n rim, rrn ri-n rrn ri-i-. ri-n ri-i-. rim. ri-n ri-ri i-rn ,rn

C L 5.200
14 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1.2-------------.-----_._______.
Constant -.
g1c __--------- -
1•0

- ------

a .6---
.6
- - - -
- Linear - ___ - - -
.4

- Quadratic - — -
.2 - - - - - - ___ - - - - - -

_______ - - - - Cubic (a)

o U.n 'J..L! LJJJ LL.L' 'ILl jILl I ' LIU 111.1 U2J LLU LLLL J.II LUJ LLLl LU.J jILl LLLL '..L.0

6 ri-n -rn i-n-i rim, ri-n rn-i ri-i- -rn ri-ri riri i-rn rrn ri-i-. rrn ri-n rn- . I I liii ri-i-, ri-ri

Cjd=O.519
5 - - - - - - -

0 0 - -____ --_ ..Linir- --_

0 10 -
4
________z_--
// Quadratic -
3---
__7___ -- --
---------
/ I
Cubic - - -'

Quintic ':
/--(b)
0
0 .1 .2
LLL) UJJ LLLL LjJJ
.3 .4 .5
I

.6
I I I I I I I I I I L1.n IIJJ I 11111 I I
.7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y'

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) P1ntisynnnetrical lift distributions.

Figure 18.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 311. 2 (A = 12.0;
A = 0.27).
NACA TN 30111. 115

1.6

jl.2

Ii
.4

10

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 18. - Concluded.


116 NACA TN 30114

1.6

1.4

1.2 uuu•iu•uu•••t
C)

1.0
G)
C)

G)

.8

.6 iu••uu•iu•uu•uui•ut

1
.2

5
iuiui•u•uijiiii•i
It-)
.4
a)
C)

C) 3
•0
Cd
0

a, 2

[ö]
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y'

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymmetrical lift distributions.

Figure 19.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 3)4.3 (A = 12.0;
= 0.50).
NACA TN 30114. 117

1.6

jl.2
w
0

.4
i

10

'1,
0

4
q)

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimenaionless spanwise ordinate, y

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 19.- Concluded.


ii8 NACA TN 30JA

1.6 mm rrn mi mm mm mm mm mm rrn mm mm rrr mm mm mm mm mm

CL= 5.003
1.4

---- --- ----

1.2

IC)
Constt
--

-
1.0
'a
C) -
-

IIIIIIIIIIIIE.I
'a
0
c .8

i, .6
Linear -

1 -.----------
--- -
-
- - - Quadrati
I-
------J-----

- -
-
- - - - -
-

.2 -
--- ----- —Cubic --- --- --

0 JJJ LLL LL UU ULL UU UU LLL' UU -

ULI U UJ UJ LLL' W U C)1J JU ULL U

6 mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mmrmm mm rrn mm
C Id = 0.616

5 -
•0
-- ___ 7,_Lnea ___ -
IC)

4 --------------;7_' -
'a
Quadratic
C-)
-

C) 3 __7_

-.-
cd
0

)I) 2
• / V )V 7/

---- 7 --- —
-- —---
1 7'7 Qui

_ .LU Wi U)J J I u •• I I
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y"

(a) Symmetrical lift distributions.

(b) Antisymmetrical lift distributions.

Figure 20.- Spanwise lift distributions for plan form 31.k (A = 12.0;
= 1.00).
NACA TN 3Oli- 119

1.6
-

;1.2

10

C)
6
0
C)

; 4
0

0
0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
Dimensionless spanwise ordinate, y

(c) Lift distribution for inboard flap.

(d) Lift distribution for outboard aileron.

Figure 20. - Concluded.


120 NACA TN 3011 -

(0

•0
.8

q)

'4-
.6

C)
.4-
4-

'4-
0

.2
4-
(.3
Q)
'9-
.9-
LU

0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0

Flap - chord ratio, Cf/C

FIgure 21. - Variation of flap effectiveness with flap-chord ratio.

NACA-Langley - 9-30-53 - 1000