DYNAMICS

BDA 20303
SEMESTER 1 SESSION 2017/2018

BY : KHAIRULNIZAM NGADIMON
UNDERSTANDING DYNAMICS
 2 people that observe and develop the basic and
foundation of dynamics is Galileo ( 1564-1642)
and Newton ( 1642-1727).
 Galileo – observe & study body experience free
fall motion
 Newton – formulated basic engineering
principles regarding laws of motion.
 Engineers need to understand force & motion

 Engineering Mechanics – study of motion, force

and their interactions
UNDERSTANDING DYNAMICS

•Study of motion
without reference to
Kinematics the force, which
cause the motion

•Study of action of
force on bodies to
Kinetics their resulting
motions
UNDERSTANDING DYNAMICS
 In engineering applications, we need to consider
both the static and dynamic case when designing
or analyzing a system.
 Example

 Aircraft must be designed to support cargo,

passengers, fuel and its own weight while
stationary on the airport runway,
 AND……

 It must also be designed to withstand dynamics

forces such as engine vibrations, landing impacts,
wind loads, varying temperature and pressure.
1.2 NEWTONS LAW
 3 basic laws governing engineering mechanics. It
is known as Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion.

 Law 1
 A particle remains at rest or continues to move
with constant velocity IF there is no unbalance
force acting on the particle.
1.2 NEWTON’S LAW
1.2 NEWTON’S LAW
 Law 3
 The force of action and reactions are equal in
magnitude but opposite in directions and
collinear.
 Figure 1.2 shows when 2 bodies are going into
contact, the reaction forces after contact are
equal and have opposite directions
1.3 BASIC VECTOR ANALYSIS
1.3.1 Vector Notation
 Vector – math expressions possessing magnitudes
and directions, which add according to parallelogram
law.
 Vector – expressed by a line with arrow(one end) that
defines the direction, as in Figure 1.3.1
1.3.1 Vector Notation
1.3.1 Vector Notation
1.3.2 Parallelogram law in 2D Vectors
1.3.3 Magnitude of a Vector
1.3.3 Magnitude of a Vector

 Figure 1.3.3;
 1.3.4 Unit Vector
 A vector can be represented by its magnitude &
direction. The direction of the vector is known as
unit vector. Value for unit vector is 1.

 Figure 1.3.4 shows a vector and angle definitons

in (x,y,z) coordinate system.

 The projection vector to x,y,z axes can be

expressed in terms of angle wrt axis of concern.
 When the angle is identified as α, β, γ, then each
unit line projection to x,y,z axes can be calculated
in cos term.
1.3.4 Unit Vector

 Figure 1.3.4
1.3.4 Unit Vector
1.4 PARTICLE AND RIGID BODY
1.4.1 Particle & Rigid Body

 A particle is a point mass. It means the mass

is concentrated at a single point and the particle
has neither dimensions nor orientation.
 A physical body can be modeled as particle;
 Example; when considering the translation of a
body, when the dimensions of a body is smaller
than its path of motion.
 In general, when a body motion does not involve
any rotation or orientation in the body, then it
can be simplified by modeled it as a particle.
 A rigid body is a system of particles within
the distances between all particles remain
unchanged.
1.4.1 Particle & Rigid Body
 Example; body treated as particle
 Figure 1.7, a body is moving and the orientation of
the body is not changing. Line AB in the body does
not rotate but remain in its orientation, while it is
moving following the path of the motion.
1.4.1 Particle & Rigid Body
 Example: body treated as rigid body
 Figure 1.8, the body is oriented as indicated by
the rotated line AB. In this case treated the body
as particle is not appropriate since the geometry
changed during the rotation.