Foundation Example

This example problem is contained in Chapter 9 of the CAC Concrete Design Handbook
Where reference is made to a Clause number, the referenced Standard is the CSA A23.3
Standard.

Example 9.7.3 - Square Footing

For the square footing and square column with factored load as indicated, select
the total required thickness for footing size of 2.5 x 2.5 m.

Pf = 1875 kN f c′= 20 MPa wf is negligible

hc = 500 mm f y = 400 MPa

Calculations and Discussions:

1. Compute factored reaction:

qsf = 1875/2.52 = 300 kPa

2. Minimum effective shear depth – one-way

shear:
ab = (2.5 - 0.5)(½) = 1.0 m
From Table 9.1 dv = 333 mm, thus d = dv /0.9 = 370 mm

3. Minimum depth – two-way shear:

From Table 9.4 establish d/he based on Af /Ac.
Af /Ac = 2.52/0.52 = 25
From interpolation d/he = 0.8 + 0.1(25 - 24.5)/(28.8 - 24.5) = 0.812, resulting
in
dave = hc(0.812) = 406 mm.
Since 3d ave = 3(0.406) = 1.22m > ab = 1.0m, Clause 13.3.4.4 is not applicable.
Thus two-way shear governs.

4. Total footing depth assuming 20M bars in both directions: tf = 406 + 75 + 20

= 501 mm.
Use tf = 525 mm (rounding it up to the next 25 mm).
Note that the dave will be used for calculating the flexural reinforcement in
both directions.

5. Flexural reinforcement:
Check deep beam action in accordance with Clause 10.7.1.
ab /d = 1.0/(0.525 - 0.075 - 0.02) = 1.0/0.43 = 2.3 > 2.0, therefore no deep
beam action.
qsfab2 = 300 kN, from Table 9.7a
As = 1082 + (1100 - 1082)(430 - 425)/(450 - 425) = 1086 mm2/m,
Thus the total reinforcement is:
As = 2.5(1086) = 2715 mm2 > As, min = 0.002(2500)(525) = 2625 mm2.
6. Find maximum bar size that can be developed in distance ab – 0.075 = 0.925
m.
From Table 9.7 max db = 20M.
Number of bars = 2715/300 = 9.05 – 20M bars, thus
Use: 9 – 20M bars BEW (bottom each way).
 One-way Shear
Table 9.1 f'c = 20 MPa Φc = 0.65
Action
Values of dv (mm)
qsf ab (m)
2
(kN/m ) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
100 150 150 150 150 150 169 197 225 291 332 375 421 468 518 571
150 150 150 150 158 197 237 320 378 439 505 574 648 726 808 895
200 150 150 150 197 247 344 417 494 577 665 733 800 867 933 1000
250 150 150 174 232 333 400 467 533 600 667 733 800 867 933 1000
300 150 150 198 267 333 400 467 533 600 667 733 800 867 933 1000
350 150 150 219 292 364 437 510 583 656 729 802 875 947 1020 1093
400 150 158 238 317 396 475 554 633 713 792 871 950 1029 1108 1188
450 150 170 255 339 424 509 594 679 764 849 934 1018 1103 1188 1273
500 150 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 810 901 991 1081 1171 1261 1351
550 150 190 284 379 474 569 664 758 853 948 1043 1137 1232 1327 1422
600 150 198 297 397 496 595 694 793 892 991 1091 1190 1289 1388 1487
650 150 206 309 413 516 619 722 825 928 1031 1135 1238 1341 1444 1547
700 150 214 321 427 534 641 748 855 962 1068 1175 1282 1389 1496 1603
750 150 221 331 441 551 662 772 882 992 1103 1213 1323 1433 1544 1654
800 150 227 340 454 567 681 794 908 1021 1134 1248 1361 1475 1588 1702
850 150 233 349 466 582 698 815 931 1048 1164 1280 1397 1513 1630 1746
900 150 238 358 477 596 715 834 953 1073 1192 1311 1430 1549 1668 1788
950 150 244 365 487 609 731 852 974 1096 1218 1339 1461 1583 1705 1826
1000 150 248 373 497 621 745 869 994 1118 1242 1366 1490 1614 1739 1863
1100 150 257 386 514 643 772 900 1029 1158 1286 1415 1543 1672 1801 1929
1200 150 265 398 530 663 795 928 1061 1193 1326 1458 1591 1723 1856 1988
1300 150 272 408 544 680 817 953 1089 1225 1361 1497 1633 1769 1905 2041
1400 150 279 418 557 696 836 975 1114 1253 1393 1532 1671 1811 1950 2089
1500 150 284 426 569 711 853 995 1137 1279 1422 1564 1706 1848 1990 2132
 Two-way Shear Φc =
Table 9.4 f'c = 20 MPa
Action 0.65
Footing to column area ratios, Af /Ac
qsf d/he
2
(kN/m ) 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
100 35.4 45.0 55.5 66.9 79.2 92.4 106.5 121.6 137.4 154.2 172.0 190.5 210.1 230.4 251.9 274.0
150 24.4 30.8 38.0 45.7 54.0 62.9 72.5 82.6 93.4 104.8 116.8 129.3 142.6 156.4 170.8 185.8
200 18.8 23.8 29.2 35.1 41.4 48.2 55.5 63.2 71.4 80.0 89.2 98.7 108.8 119.3 130.2 141.6
250 15.5 19.5 23.9 28.7 33.8 39.4 45.2 51.5 58.1 65.2 72.5 80.3 88.4 96.9 105.8 115.1
300 13.3 16.7 20.4 24.5 28.8 33.5 38.4 43.7 49.3 55.3 61.5 68.0 74.9 82.1 89.6 97.4
350 11.7 14.7 17.9 21.4 25.2 29.3 33.6 38.2 43.1 48.2 53.6 59.3 65.3 71.5 78.0 84.8
400 10.5 13.2 16.0 19.2 22.5 26.1 29.9 34.0 38.3 42.9 47.7 52.7 58.0 63.5 69.3 75.3
450 9.6 12.0 14.6 17.4 20.4 23.6 27.1 30.8 34.7 38.8 43.1 47.6 52.4 57.3 62.5 67.9
500 8.9 11.1 13.4 16.0 18.7 21.7 24.8 28.2 31.7 35.5 39.4 43.5 47.9 52.4 57.1 62.0
550 8.3 10.3 12.5 14.8 17.4 20.1 23.0 26.1 29.3 32.8 36.4 40.2 44.2 48.3 52.7 57.2
600 7.8 9.6 11.7 13.9 16.2 18.7 21.4 24.3 27.3 30.5 33.9 37.4 41.1 45.0 49.0 53.2
650 7.4 9.1 11.0 13.0 15.2 17.6 20.1 22.8 25.6 28.6 31.8 35.1 38.5 42.1 45.9 49.8
700 7.0 8.6 10.4 12.3 14.4 16.6 19.0 21.5 24.2 27.0 29.9 33.0 36.3 39.7 43.2 46.9
750 6.7 8.2 9.9 11.7 13.7 15.8 18.0 20.4 22.9 25.6 28.4 31.3 34.3 37.6 40.9 44.4
800 6.4 7.9 9.5 11.2 13.1 15.1 17.2 19.4 21.8 24.3 27.0 29.7 32.7 35.7 38.9 42.2
850 6.2 7.6 9.1 10.7 12.5 14.4 16.4 18.6 20.8 23.2 25.8 28.4 31.2 34.1 37.1 40.2
900 5.9 7.3 8.7 10.3 12.0 13.8 15.8 17.8 20.0 22.3 24.7 27.2 29.8 32.6 35.5 38.5
950 5.7 7.0 8.4 9.9 11.6 13.3 15.2 17.1 19.2 21.4 23.7 26.1 28.6 31.3 34.0 36.9
1000 5.6 6.8 8.1 9.6 11.2 12.8 14.6 16.5 18.5 20.6 22.8 25.1 27.6 30.1 32.8 35.5
1100 5.3 6.4 7.7 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.7 15.5 17.3 19.3 21.3 23.5 25.8 28.1 30.6 33.1
1200 5.0 6.1 7.3 8.5 9.9 11.4 12.9 14.6 16.3 18.1 20.1 22.1 24.2 26.4 28.7 31.1
1300 4.8 5.8 6.9 8.1 9.4 10.8 12.3 13.8 15.5 17.2 19.0 20.9 22.9 25.0 27.2 29.4
1400 4.6 5.6 6.6 7.8 9.0 10.3 11.7 13.2 14.7 16.4 18.1 19.9 21.8 23.8 25.8 27.9
1500 4.5 5.4 6.4 7.5 8.7 9.9 11.2 12.6 14.1 15.7 17.3 19.0 20.8 22.7 24.7 26.7

Note to Tables 9.4 to 9.6: Tables 9.4 to 9.6 are worked out as described in paragraph
9.4.3.2 of the Handbook. Thus for the given qsf and Af /Ac initial design parameters, a d/he
ratio is calculated based on Equation (13-7). Clause 13.3.4.4 however would give a
different/larger d/he value for the same qsf and Af/Ac initial design parameters, for cases
when 3d<ab. When 3d<ab the smallest d value shall be used calculated based on Clause
13.3.4.4 and ab/3.
Clause 13.3.4.4 (thus Clause 13.3.4.3) in combination with Equation (13-7) results in a
cubic equation (refer to Equation 9.4 in the Handbook):

(1.3 /(1 + d ))0.38λφ c f c′ = ( A f q sf − q sf he − 2q sf he d − q sf d 2 ) /(4he d + 4d 2 )

2

where: q sf ( MPa ), v c (MPa), he ( m ), Af ( m 2 ) .

Table Values of As required for a 1 m
f'c = 20 MPa Φc = 0.65
9.7a width
2
qsf ab d (mm)
(kN) 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525
50 519 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
60 630 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
70 745 624 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
80 864 719 619 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
90 986 817 701 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
100 1112 917 784 687 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
120 1378 1123 955 834 741 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
140 1669 1340 1131 984 872 784 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
160 1989 1569 1314 1137 1006 903 820 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
180 2354 1812 1504 1295 1142 1023 928 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
200 2072 1701 1458 1281 1146 1038 949 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
250 2831 2237 1886 1643 1461 1318 1202 1106 1025 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
300 2857 2353 2027 1790 1608 1462 1343 1242 1156 1082 1100 1150 1200 1250
350 3616 2872 2438 2136 1910 1731 1585 1464 1361 1272 1194 1150 1200 1250
400 3466 2883 2502 2224 2008 1834 1690 1569 1465 1374 1295 1224 1250
450 3373 2891 2552 2295 2090 1922 1781 1661 1556 1465 1385 1313
500 3923 3309 2897 2592 2353 2159 1997 1860 1741 1638 1547 1466
600 4262 3649 3225 2906 2652 2444 2269 2120 1991 1877 1777
700 4515 3922 3499 3173 2911 2695 2511 2353 2215 2094
800 4707 4144 3728 3403 3138 2916 2726 2562 2419
900 5625 4856 4325 3922 3601 3335 3111 2919 2751
1000 5663 4973 4475 4087 3772 3509 3285 3091
1200 6506 5713 5146 4707 4351 4053 3800
1400 7233 6364 5745 5265 4876 4551
1600 6931 6276 5766 5352
1800 7422 6745 6216
2000 7846 7159
2200 9128 8210