NITROGEN DEFICIENCY

CALCIUM DEFICIENCY
POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY

MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY
SULFUR DEFICIENCY
 ZINC DEFICIENCY

COPPER DEFICIENC
MANGANESE DEFICIENCY

BORON DEFICIENCY
MOLYBDENUM DEFICIENC

CHLORINE DEFICIENCY
PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY

IRON DEFICIENC
 MACRO
ESSENTIAL
NUTRIENTS IN
RICE
Nitrogen - is an essential plant nutrient
being a component of amino acids,
nucleic acids, nucleotides, chlorophyll,
enzymes, and hormones. N promotes
rapid plant growth and improves grain
yield and grain quality through higher
tillering, leaf area development, grain
formation, grain filling, and protein
synthesis. N is highly mobile within the
plant and soil.
Nitrogen Deficiency - It often occurs at
critical growth stages of the plant, such
as tillering and panicle initiation, when
the demand for nitrogen is large.
Phosphorus - is an essential plant
nutrient important for root
development, tillering, early flowering,
and ripening. It is mobile within the
plant, but not in the soil.
Phosphorus Deficiency - affects the
major functions in energy storage and
transfer of plants. Specifically, it
affects tillering, root development,
early flowering, and ripening.
Potassium - is an essential plant
nutrient that improves root growth
and plant vigor, helps prevent lodging
and enhances crop resistance to pests
and diseases. Potassium is mobile in
the plant and quite mobile in the soil.
Potassium Deficiency - affects canopy
photosynthesis, thus affecting crop
growth.
Calcium - plays a very important role
in plant growth and nutrition, as well
as in cell wall deposition. The primary
roles of calcium: As
a soil amendment, calcium helps to
maintain chemical balance in the soil,
reduces soil salinity, and improves
water penetration.
Calcium Deficiency - - impairs root
function and predisposes plant to iron
toxicity. It causes stunting and death of
growing points.
Magnesium - is an essential
plant nutrient. It has a wide range of
key roles in many plant functions. One
of the magnesium'swell-known roles is
in the photosynthesis process, as it is a
building block of the Chlorophyll,
which makes leaves appear green.
Magnesium Deficiency - affects several
enzyme activities in plants, including
carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation and
protein synthesis, and the cellular pH
and the cation-anion balance
activation.
Sulfur - also acts as a soil conditioner
and helps reduce the sodium content
of soils.
Sulfur Deficiency - affects chlorophyll
production, protein synthesis, and
plant function and structure.
MICRO ESSENTIAL
NUTRIENTS IN
RICE
Zinc - is an essential plant nutrient
required for several biochemical
processes in the rice plant, including
chlorophyll production and membrane
integrity. Thus, Zn deficiencies affect
plant color and turgor. Zn is only
slightly mobile in the plant and quite
immobile in soil.
Zinc Deficiency - affects several
biochemical processes in the rice plant,
thus severely affecting plant growth.
Iron - content in rice and fine rice,
which are the people's main staple
food, is fairly low. As to the
bioavailability of iron, it is fairly low in
vegetable foods, almost at the level of
10%. Several methods have been
applied to improve iron content and
bioavailability in rice seed.
Iron Deficiency - affects
photosynthesis and leads to reduced
yield and dry matter production.
Manganese - In plants, it participates
in the structure of photosynthetic
proteins and enzymes.
Manganese Deficiency - affects
photosynthesis and protein synthesis.
Copper - content of rice plants at the
vegetative and panicle initiation stage
had a highly significant positive
correlation with yield.
Copper Deficiency - affects the
metabolic processes of rice plants,
specifically photosynthesis and
respiration. It can lead to reduced
pollen viability and increase in spikelet
sterility, thus developing many unfilled
grains.
Boron - is used with calcium in cell
wall synthesis and is essential for cell
division (creating
new plant cells). Boron requirements
are much higher for reproductive
growth so it helps with pollination, and
fruit and seed development.
Boron Deficiency - affects cell wall
biosynthesis and the structure and
plasma membrane integrity.
Chlorine - concentrations in leaf
blades of different positions collected
from four growing stages varied by
more than one order of magnitude,
and were well correlated with the sum
concentrations of major cations
(potassium + calcium + magnesium).
This may be attributed to the fact that
the translocation rate of chlorine
among the leaf blades with age
depends on the concentrations of the
major cations.
Chlorine Deficiency - symptoms
include: Wilting due to a restricted
and highly branched root system, often
with stubby tips, and. Leaf mottling
and leaflet blade tip wilting with
chlorosis has also been observed.
Molybdenum - is utilized by selected
enzymes to carry out redox reactions.
Enzymes that require molybdenum for
activity include nitrate reductase,
xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde
oxidase and sulfite oxidase.
Molybdenum Deficiency - refers to the
clinical consequences of inadequate
supplies of molybdenum in the diet.
The amount of molybdenum required
is relatively small, andmolybdenum
deficiency usually does not occur in
natural settings. However, it can occur
in individuals receiving parenteral
nutrition.