VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

Although much progress has been made in eliminating poverty in recent years, the reduction of inequalities between
men and women has not been as successful.
The result is alarming: 946 cases of women (some minors) murdered by their partners or former partners between
January 2009 and December 2016. The highest numbers have the districts of Metropolitan Lima, Junín and Lima
Metropolitan North, with 108, 80 and 62 cases, respectively. They are followed by Arequipa with 55 cases and
South Lima with 44. The list goes on.
The consequences of this are often irreversible in the personal, family and social context of the victim. Likewise,
this is a matter of discussion within the policies in the different countries of the world. Against the woman not only
physical violence is exercised, but also there are other types as is the case of psychological violence, which can
precede physical violence. Currently in Peru, 67.4% of women suffer from psychological violence. This type of
violence directly affects a woman's mental health and emotional state. Also among its consequences, include social
isolation, low self-esteem, dependence on the couple and lack of security. These elements show the vulnerability
of the woman in front of her aggressor.
In some investigations, it has been determined that women living in the mountain region are prone to physical or
psychological violence by their partner. This could be because in these areas there is still the belief that the woman
has to live subject to her husband and that only he can provide financially. In many cases the woman endures
mistreatment due to fear of abandonment and neglect of the home, in some of these places public health services
do not arrive, nor the media, therefore the health needs linked to violence are not addressed, adequately.
Women with a history of physical violence from father to mother are a risk factor for violence. Children can learn
violence vicariously. That is, if the girl observes that her father insults or assaults her mother and she does not do
anything in front, when she has a partner she could allow the same, since she would consider it as something
normal and acceptable in a relationship because she learned it.
Being separated is a factor associated with psychological violence, the fact of ending a relationship does not
guarantee the end of violence, and it can even aggravate it because it is a stressful event for man. Another factor
associated with violence is frequent drunkenness on the part of the couple that affects their behavior is situation
gives rise to verbal, physical and psychological aggression by the couple.
The large percentage of adolescent couples is also highlighted in our society; as they formed a home at an early
age, they are prone to violence. This may be because most early marriages tend to be arranged by parents seeking
economic improvement to get out of poverty, they can also be motivated by pregnancy in order not to disappoint
the family or to escape violence at home. This results in situations of submission to the husband, which prevents
him from making decisions and limits his personal development.
It must also be taken into account that Peruvian society is characterized by having a traditional patriarchal model,
that is, the man as protector, provider, authority within the home, tax and feels bad, humiliated, if the woman earns
more than he does, this undermines its role as provider and the power it provides. The woman is configured as a
mother, administrator of the home, of the children. His domain is the private. It is still assigned to domestic chores
and although they have open the possibility to the collaboration of the couple, it is seen as a collaboration to their
responsibility but not as someone who can decide directly.
As already mentioned, the distinction between "female" and "male" work continues to be fully valid. We live in a
cultural context that reproduces these stereotypes that hurt women and men so much.
The individual protective factors against violence in women are the economic index and higher education level; this
could be because women with greater economic resources have greater access to education and information about
resources to counteract violence against women. ; Another point in favor is when the couple decides to marry after
the age of 25, a woman who starts her married life at mature age is less likely to suffer violence because many of
them have greater access to a paid job, and education levels high and therefore higher levels of economic
autonomy.
The UN has raised three pillars to help change this sad reality:
The first is that all institutions and society respond.
The second is prevention, we must invest much more in it, change that cultural matrix so discriminatory.
The third pillar is to end impunity; most murders of women in the country are not investigated under the perspective
of gender violence.
This element should be taken into account in the design of public health policies related to the reduction of violence
against women. Similarly, protective factors should be considered to strengthen programs for the prevention of
domestic violence.
There is a movement of the UN called Him for Her. The intention is for men to join the idea that machismo hurts a
lot even kills.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

http://larepublica.pe/sociedad/1021739-balance-de-la-violencia-contra-la-mujer-en-el-peru-946-feminicidios-en-8-
anos
https://elcomercio.pe/peru/violencia-mujeres-dana-sociedad-433253
https://www.google.com.pe/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.acuedi.org/ddata/3285.pdf&ved=0ahUKE
wjSqZbY1tPXAhXIYt8KHfAqBTQ4PBAWCC4wBQ&usg=AOvVaw04HA99NF6DYxL9qnbJ0EcR
Machismo y violencia contra la mujer, Beatríz Oblitas Bejar 2009
Una mirada a la violencia física contra los niños y niñas en los hogares perusnos:
Magnitudes, factores asociados y transmisión de la violencia de madres a hijos e hijas Juan Leon Martín
Benavides 2013
Factores asociados a la violencia psicológica en el último decenio. Alarcón L, Ortiz Y. 2017