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EFECT CONSOLIDATION PROSES OF

DEFORMATION BY MOHR-COULOMB AND
SOFT SOIL MATERIAL MODEL

Conference Paper · November 2016

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 EFECT CONSOLIDATION PROSES OF DEFORMATION BY
MOHR-COULOMB AND SOFT SOIL MATERIAL MODEL
O.B.A Sompie 1, B.I. Setiawan 2, David Sompie 3 and T. Ilyas 4
1 Geotechnical Engineering at Faculty of Engineering Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia,
2 Civil Engineering and Environment, Bogor Agriculture University, Indonesia
3 PT. Newmont Minahasa Raya, Manado, Indonesia
4Professor in Civil Engineering at University of Indonesia
* bsompie@yahoo.com
Keywords: Effect Consolidation, Deformation, Safty
Factor, MCM-SSM
Abstract
Food security and self-sufficiency in rice by
economic growth, especially in areas requiring irrigation
Kosinggolan dam construction needs that can accommodate
more optimal water reserves. The consequences of a dam or
reservoir development plan that can hold more water reserves
including an increase in high-elevation embankment. Interest
in planning the design elevation embankment soil investigation
is needed, especially to determine the characteristics (physical
and mechanical properties) layer of soil at the site using
analysis geotechnical studies have been done in the field and
in the laboratory. Soft soils such as clays, clayey silts and peats
demonstrate a high degree of compressibility compared to
other soils. In oedometer testing, normally consolidated clays
behave up to ten times softer than normally consolidated sands.
This research has been to investigate the primary consolidation
behaviour of soft clay by comparing the results obtained from
finite element analysis computations in Plaxis 2D with
analytical calculations and survey measurements. Two
different material models were utilized during the finite
element computations, comparing the performance of the more
advanced constitutive Soft Soil material model, (Soft Soil
Model, SSM) against the Mohr-Coulomb material model
(Mohr-Coulomb Model, MCM) commonly used today.
Practical geotechnical analysis of the stability of embankment
construction is done by using a computer program Plaxis
calculations based on the Finite Element Method for analyzing
the value of deformation with stage construction phases of
consolidation as high as 10 cm over the 210-day value safety
factor of 1.2014 as MCM and 1.2185 as SSM.
1. INTRODUCTION
Irrigation area Kosinggolan droughts severe enough,
but had also, flooding. That phenomenon shows large
fluctuations between the dry season to the wet season. As one
of the measures the anticipation is building as a container
reserve reservoir water, to obtain a stable water supply, both in
the wet season and the dry season.
The consequences of the reservoir development plan
that can accommodate more water reserves of which the dike
elevation. The existing dike of Kosinggolan dam elevation plan
contained in the villages around the dam Kosinggolan Doloduo
1
Domuga Bolaang Mongondow districts, North Sulawesi,
Indonesia.
In this paper the discussion is limited based on data
results of soil investigation as follows:
o hand boring
o static cone penetration test
o tes pits quarry
o Physical and Engineering Properties
Using data from Geotechnical Laboratory investigation at the
Faculty of Engineering UNSRAT Manado to study the soil.
• The soil samples were taken 8 points
• Analysis of deformation and Slope Stability by Software
Plaxis 8
• High Embankment Plan 10 meters
• Analysis of Earthquake was not discussed.
This study aims to determine the effect of
consolidation on the deformation model mohr-coulomb
(Mohr-Coulomb model, MCM) and a model of soft soil (Soft
Soil Model, SSM).
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This paper uses the research results of soil mechanics
that have done well in the field and in the laboratory based on
the theories that have been written in some literature as a
material of data for further analysis using software.
Laboratory work consists of testing on undisturbed
samples and disturbed samples taken from locations selected.
The purpose of this research is to determine the physical
properties / properties of the field soil investigation and
properties of mechanical or engineering of soil.
3. SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS
The method used to calculate the embankment slope
stability plan is a modification to the method of Bishop
(Simplified Bishop Method).
The equation used in the method of Bishop as
follows:
sec 
SF 
1
c ' l  w  uB ...tg  '
tg  .tg  '
W sin 
(1)
1
SF
where :
SF = Safety Factor
 W = slice weight 22
21

c’ = Cohesi Efecive
20
19
Beban terbagi rata 1000 kg/m2
18

’ = the effective shear angle

17 28 27

16 5 6

15 24 23

B = slice width 14 30 29

Elevasi (m)
13 3 4 25 7 8

12 Ti mbunan Baru

Scheme description slope stability parameter. 11

10
9
Unit Weight: 17
Cohesion: 32.3
Phi: 7.32
Ti mbunan Lama

Figure 1. Shows a schematic description of slope stability 81,2

7
1 2
26
11 Unit Weight: 17.5
Cohesion: 33
9 10

13
6 Phi: 15
parameter related to formula 1. 5
4
Unit Weight: 20.5
3
12 Tanah keras Cohesion: 450
23
Phi: 30
1
14 15
04
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Jarak horisontal (m)

Uraian Gaya :
o B
b
Gambar 2. Embankment of Dam Kosinggolan (Sompie at al,
u
Pada Segmen Tanah
 r 2014)
B
m
Xn
En+1
W
En
1
4. ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION
Xn+1 s = u l tg 

p' = u l a
p l Analysis and stability calculations of elevation dike

Kosinggolan dam done using a computer program PLAXIS
Sketsa Deskripsi Parameter Stabilitas Lereng simplification. Conditions used in the analysis and the
calculation is as follows:
The elevation dike construction stability analysis
 Model : Plane Strain.
performed using the computer program PLAXIS which has
 Elements : 15-Node.
been developed by Dr. R.B.J. (Plaids, B.V., The Netherlands)
 Unit : Length (m), Force (kN), Time
and Prof. P.A. Vermeer (University of Stuttgart, Germany).
(day)
PLAXIS is a package of computer programs that base their
 Stress : kN/m2
calculations on the Finite Element Method for analyzing the
 Unit Weight : kN/m3
amount of deformation and stability which is indispensable in
Batasan bidang yang digunakan : Left : -70 m, Right : 70 m,
dealing with problems in the field of geotechnical engineering.
Bottom : -10 m, Top : 10 m, spacing : 1.0 m.
Finite Element Method own analyze the construction
in a way to divide the (discretized) the whole building into
small elements, which is due to changes in the load of each 4. ANALYSIS ON THE PRACTICAL
element will undergo change shape depending on the degree of CONDITION
influence the magnitude of the load and the material
characteristics of the elements to be reviewed (Sompie at al,
1998).
Geotechnical Applications using this program
requires further modeling to simulate soil behavior non - linear
and "time-dependent" or depending on the time of loading. In
addition, since soil is phased lot of material, special work
procedures required in connection with the nature of the soil
pore water pressure in both hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic.

4. SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS WITH Gambar 3. Geometric Design 1V:3H

SOFTWARE PLAXIS
In the analysis of the slope stability calculations will
be sought slope is safe for a particular condition. Expenses for
the construction of calculated mass of 1000 kg / m2 work on
the embankment. Sketch geometry dike elevation and soil
properties data as in Figure 1.
Simple Condition analysis by simplifying state by
using the slope of the embankment 1V: 3H with the same
parameters. Scenario analysis used a simple model with
consolidation construction stage 210 days and the
consolidation of 10 m high layers. Water level each with
normal water conditions where high water, half of the high
embankment and water conditions with a face full of water 5
meters from base of fondation embankment.
As output for consolidation analysis, colored figures
have been obtained to show the total displacement at the end
of the 210-day consolidation phase.
Model deformation that occurs as in figure 6, with the
value of the safety factor, SF of MCM is 1.2014 while 1.2185
SSM, Wherein figure 4. Total consolidation displacement of

2
0.519 m obtained with the SSM and 0.105 MCM Model for the
end of consolidation period 210 days

In Figure 4 the total displacement is obtained and is

already in the plot at the time of consolidation when calculated
by the model Soft Soil. Red area in the middle of the
embankment / dambody showed the greatest magnitude of
displacement, suggesting that the thickest part of dambody
produce the greatest amount of displacement. Figures 5
through 8 show the number of network elements to shape
deformation of structural elements embankment modelim
results of MCM and SSM parameters, detailed in each of the
graphs show on displacement curve. Gambar 7. Deformed Mesh SSM

Gambar 8. Displacement Curve SSM

Gambar 9. Deformation MCM and SSM

Whole excess pore water pressure occurs is not

significant to the body wall embankment upstream part and the
Gambar 5. Deformed Mesh MCM central part of the weir. Figure 10 and 11 for the highest pore
water pressure curve MCM with -473.79 kN / m2 (negative =
Pressure), which SSM extreme conditions of pore water
pressure 122.26 kN / m2 (see Figure 8). This condition will be
the basis for the design in giving or menanbah reinforcement
in the construction of the embankment with a safety factor
greater than 1 as 1.20, simple embankment construction is
relatively safe.

Gambar 6. Displacement Curve MCM

3
 5. REFERENCES

Dr. R. B. J. (Plaxis, b.v., The Netherlands) dan Prof. P. A.

Vermeer (University of Stuttgart, Germany) Program
Komputer PLAXIS, Versi 7.11 dan Versi 8
Sompie., O.B.A., Arai, K Machihara., H, and Kita, A (1998).
Numerical Analysis of Constant Rate of Strain
Consolidation Test, proc. 53th Japan National
Conference on Civil Engineering, Gifu, Vol. 1, p. 416 (in
Japanese).
Sompie O.B.A , David Sompie., and T. Ilyas (2015), Pengaruh
Proses Konsolidasi Terhadap Deformasi dan Faktor
Gambar 10. Excess pore pressures SSM Keamanan Lereng Embankment (Studi kasus
Bendungan Kosinggolan), prosiding seminar Teknik
Sipil, Prog. Studi Magister Teknik Sipil, Universitas
Udayana, Bali, Indonesia

Gambar 11. Excess pore pressures MCM

Clays experience a large volumetric deformation

during virgin isotropic compression, but applying such a stress
path in the Mohr Coulomb model will produce only elastic
response. The plastic deformation is better described in the Soft
Soil model as it assumes a logarithmic behaviour between the
volumetric strain and effective mean stress, e.g. a nonlinear
stress-dependent stiffness relation, being able to distinguish
between primaryloading and unloading/reloading.
Stages consolidation carried out during 210 days, with
a layer of 10 meters high, provides a significant safety factor
value at this stage of network construction, both of model
material safety factor of 1.2014 as MCM and 1.2185 as SSM.

5. CONCLUSION
Geotechnical analysis of slope stability simple
embankment with a slope of 1V: 3H quite safe on the water
condition of 10 meters with 5 meters high, with a safety factor
value (Safety Factor, SF) equal to model material safety factor
of 1.2014 as MCM and 1.2185 as SSM.
with the total conditions of pore water pressure MCM
with -473.79 kN / m2 (negative = Pressure), which SSM
extreme conditions of pore water pressure 122.26 kN / m2.
Analyzing this case studies, projects with soft clay
subjected to virgin compression should benefit from the
implementation of the Soft Soil model during consolidation
computations rather than the Mohr-Coulomb model.

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