LABOR RELATIONS LAW OUTLINE

(2017 Edition)
(Suggested Reference: CHAN, Joselito G., Labor Code Annotated Vol. II Labor
Relations and Termination of Employment)

NOTE: The provisions of the Labor Code (Presidential Decree No. 442, as amended) has been
renumbered pursuant to Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) Department Advisory
No. 1, series of 2015.

LABOR RELATIONS LAW – PRIVATE SECTOR

PART ONE – INTRODUCTORY MATERIALS

LABOR RELATIONS POLICY: FORMULATION AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

1987 Constitution
Art. II, Sec. 2, 10, and 18
Art. III, Sec. 8
Art. IX B, Sec. 2B
Art. XII, Sec. 12
Art XIII, Sec. 3 and 14

LABOR CODE
Art. 3
Art. [Old # 211] 218 (Declaration of Policy)
Art. [275] 290 (Tripartism and Tripartite Conferences)
(as amended by RA 10395)

● Association de Agricultores v. Talisay – Silay Milling Co., 88 SCRA 294

[G.R. No. L-19937, February 19, 1979]
● PAL v. PALEA, 57 SCRA 489
[G.R. No. L-24626, June 28, 1974]
● National Service Corp. v. NLRC, 168 SCRA 122
[G.R. No. L-69870, November 29, 1988]
● PLDT v. NLRC, 164 SCRA 671
[G.R. No. L-80609, Aug. 23, 1988]

1
 A. STATUTORY SOURCE AND INTERPRETATION

● BF Goodrich Confidential and Salaried Employees Union v. BF Goodrich,

Phils. Inc., 49 SCRA 532
[G.R. No. L-34069-70, February 28, 1973]
● Caltex Filipino Manager and Supervisors Association v. CIR, 44 SCRA
350
[G.R. No. L-30632-33, April 11, 1972]

B. DEFINITIONS

Labor Code, Art. [212] 219 (Definitions)

BVRIS1, [Book V, Rule 1, Sec. 1 of the Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor
Code]

1. Employer and Employee

Art. [212] 219 (e), (f)
● Feati University v. Bautista, 18 SCRA 1191
[G.R. No. L-21278, December 27, 1966]

2. Labor Organization – Legitimate Labor Organization

Art. [212] 219 (g), (h)
● Airline Pilots Association, et al., v. CIR, 76 SCRA 274
[G.R. No. L-33705, April 15, 1977]
● Lopez Sugar Corporation v. Secretary of Labor, 247 SCRA 1
[G.R. No. L-93117, August 1, 1995]

3. Labor Dispute
Art. [212] 219 (l)

Definition
● San Miguel Corporation Employees Union v. Bersamira, 186 SCRA 496
[G.R. No. L-87700, June 13, 1990]
● Gold City Integrated Port Service Inc. v. NLRC, 245 SCRA 627,
[G.R. No. L-103560, July 6, 1995]

Test for Determining Labor Dispute

● RCPI v. Philippine Communications Electronics and Electricity Workers
Federation, 65 SCRA 82,
[G.R. No. L-37662, July 15, 1975]

2
C. LABOR RELATIONS POLICY

1. Dispute Settlement Methodology

Art. [211] 218 (a)

2. Collective Bargaining
● Kiok Loy v. NLRC, 141 SCRA 179
[G.R. No. L-54334, January 22, 1986]

3. Trade Unionism
Art. [211] 218 (b), (c)
Art. [212] 219 (g)

4. Worker Enlightenment
Art. [211] 218 (d)
Art. [241] 250 (p) Rights and Conditions of Membership in a Labor Organization
Art. [277] 292 (a) Miscellaneous Provisions
BVRXXS1-3
● Davao Integrated Port v. Olvida, 210 SCRA 553
[G.R. No. L-93983, June 29, 1992]
● Victoria v. Inciong, 157 SCRA 339
[G.R. No. L-49046, January 26, 1988]

5. Machinery Dispute Settlement

Art. [211] 218 (e)

6. Industrial Peace
Art. [211] 218 (f)
Art. [273] 288 (a) – (i) Study of Labor Management Relations

7. Worker Participation in Decision-Making

Art. [211] 218 (g)
Art. [277] 292 (g) Miscellaneous Provisions

8. Wage Fixing
Art. [211] 218 (b)
Art. [263] 278 (g) Strikes, Picketing, & Lockouts

9. Labor Injunction
Art. [254] 266 Injunction Prohibited

3
 Art. [218] 225(e) Powers of the Commission
Art. [266] 281 Requirement for Arrest & Detention

Rationale for Policy on Injunction

● Caltex Filipino Managers and Supervisors Association v. CIR, 44 SCRA
350
[G.R. No. L-30632-33, April 11, 1972]

10. Tripartism
Art. [275] 290 (a), (b)

PART TWO – RIGHT TO SELF ORGANIZATION

A. BASIS OF RIGHT

Art. III, Sec. 8, 1987 Constitution

Art. XIII, Sec. 3, 1987 Constitution
Art. III, Sec. 6, 1935 Constitution
Art. IV, Sec. 7, 1973 Constitution

1. Constitution
Art. III, Sec. 8, 1987 Constitution
Art. XIII, Sec. 3, 1987 Constitution
Art. III, Sec. 6, 1935 Constitution
Art. IV, Sec. 7, 1973 Constitution

2. Statutory
Art. [243] 253 Coverage & Employee’s Right to Self-Organization
Art. [244] 254 Right of Employees in Public Service
Art. [245] 255 Managerial & Supervisory Employees
● Vasaar Industries Employees Union v. Estrella, 82 SCRA 280
[G.R. No. L-46562, August 23, 1978]
● Singer Sewing Machine Company v. Drilon, 193 SCRA 182
[G.R. No. L-91307, January 24, 1991]
● Metrolab Industries v. Confessor, 254 SCRA 182
[G.R. No. 108855, February 28, 1996]

B. EXTENT AND SCOPE OF RIGHT

Art. [246] 257 Non-Abridgement of Right to Self-Organization

4
 ● Reyes v. Trajano, 209 SCRA 484
[G.R. No. L-84433, June 2, 1992]
● General Rubber and Footwear Corporation v. BLR, 155 SCRA 283
[G.R. No. L-74262, October 29, 1987]
● Knitjoy v. Calleja, 214 SCRA 174
[G.R. No. L-81883. September 23, 1992]
● Katipunan ng mga Manggagawa sa Daungan v. Ferrer-Calleja, 278 SCRA
531
[G.R. No. L-104692, September 5, 1997]
● Pan-American World Airways, Inc. v. Pan-American Employees
Association, 27 SCRA 1202
[G.R. No. L-25094, April 29, 1969]
● Union of Supervisors (RB NATU) v. Secretary of Labor, 109 SCRA 139
[G.R. No. L-39889, November 12, 1981]

C. WORKERS WITH THE RIGHT TO SELF-ORGANIZATION

1. All Employees
Art. [243] 253
● Alliance of Nationalist, et al. v. Samahan ng mga Manggagawang
Nagkakaisa sa Manila Bay Spinning Mills at J.P. Coats (SAMANA BAY),
258 SCRA 371
[G.R. No. 118562, July 5, 1996]
● Bautista v. Inciong, 158 SCRA 655
[G.R. No. L-52824, March 16, 1988]
● Kapatiran Sa Meat and Canning Division v. Calleja, 162 SCRA 367
[G.R. No. L-82914, June 20, 1988]

2. Employees of Non-Profit Organizations

● FEU – Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation, Inc. v. Trajano, 152 SCRA
725
[G.R. No. L-76273, July 31, 1987]
● Kapatiran, et al. v. Calleja, 162 SCRA 367
[G.R. No. L-82914, June 20, 1988]

3. Employees of Government Corporations

Art. [244] 254

4. Supervisors
Art. [245] 255
Art. [212] 219 (m)

5
 Test to Determine Supervisory Status

● Filoil Refinery Corporation v. Filoil Supervisory and Confidential

Employees Association, 46 SCRA 512
[G.R. No. L-26736, August 18, 1972]
● Toyota Motors Philippines Corporation v. Toyota Motors Philippines
Corporation Labor Union, 268 SCRA 573
[G.R. No. L-121084, February 19, 1997]
● Dunlop Slazenger (Phils.), Inc. v. Secretary of Labor, 300 SCRA 120
[G.R. No. 131248, December 11, 1998]
● Philippine Phosphate Fertilizer Corp. v. Torres, 231 SCRA 335
[G.R. No. 98050, March 17, 1994]
● Pagkakaisa ng Manggagawa sa Triumph v. Calleja, 181 SCRA 119
[G.R. No. 85915, January 17, 1990]
● Paper Industries Corp. v. Laguesma, 330 SCRA 295
[G.R. No. 101738, April 12, 2000]

5. Aliens
Art. [269] 284

6. Security Guards Organic to Establishment

● United Pepsi Cola Supervisors Union v. Laguesma, 288 SCRA 15
[G.R. No. 122226, March 25, 1998]

D. WORKERS WITH NO RIGHT OF SELF-ORGANIZATION

1. Managerial and Confidential Employees

Art. [245] 255
Art. 82
● Southern Philippine Federation of Labor v. Calleja, 172 SCRA 676
[G.R. No. 80882, April 24, 1989]
● Philtranco Service Enterprises v. BLR, 174 SCRA 388
[G.R. No. 85343, June 28, 1989]
● Golden Farms, Inc. v. Calleja, 175 SCRA 471
[G.R. No. 78755, July 19, 1989]
● Pier 8 Arrastre, et al. v. Roldan-Confessor, 241 SCRA 294
[G.R. No. 110854, February 13, 1995]
● San Miguel Corporation Supervisors v. Laguesma, 277 SCRA 370
[G.R. No. 110399, August 15, 1997]
● United Pepsi Cola Supervisors Union v. Laguesma, 288 SCRA 15
[G.R. No. 122226, March 25, 1998]

6
 ● Pepsi Cola v. Secretary of Labor, 312 SCRA 104
[G.R. No 96663, August 10, 1999]

2. Workers/Members of Cooperatives
● Coop. Rural Bank of Davao v. Ferrer-Calleja, 165 SCRA 725
[G.R. No. L-77951, September 26, 1988]
● CENECO v. DOLE, 201 SCRA 584
[G.R. No. 94045, September 13, 1991]

3. Non-Employees
Art. [243] 253
● Singer Sewing Machine Company v. Drilon, 193 SCRA 182
[G.R. No. L-91307, January 24, 1991]

4. Fiduciary Employees
● Metrolab Industries v. Confessor, 254 SCRA 182
[G.R. No. 108855, February 28, 1996]

E. PARTY PROTECTED BY RIGHT

● Mactan Workers Union v. Aboitiz, 45 SCRA 577

[G.R. No. L-30241, June 30, 1972]

F. SANCTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS OF RIGHT

Art. [246] 257

Art. [248] 259 Unfair Labor Practices of Employees
Art. [249] 260 Unfair Labor Practices of Labor Organizations
Art. [288] 303 Penalties
Art. [289] 304 (Who are liable when committed by other than natural persons

PART THREE – LABOR ORGANIZATIONS

A. POLICY

Art. [211] 218 (b), (c)

RA 10911 (Anti-Age Discrimination in Employment Act), Sec. 5 (c)

B. LABOR ORGANIZATIONS – UNIONS

Art. {211} 218 (g)

7
1. General Definition
● Airline Pilots Assn. of the Phil. V. CIR, 76 SCRA 274
[G.R. No. L-33705, April 15, 1977]

2. Labor Union
BVR (i)

3. National Union / Federation

BVR (kk)

4. Legitimate Labor Organization

Art. [212] 219 (h)

DOLE Registration as Basis

● Cebu Seaman’s Assn., Inc. v. Ferrer-Calleja, 212 SCRA 50
[G.R. No. 83190, Aug. 4, 1992]
● Progressive Development Corp. v. Sec. of DOLE, 205 SCRA 802
[G.R. No. 96425, Feb. 4, 1992]
5. Mixed Membership
● Toyota Motor Phils, Corp. v. Toyota Motor Phils. Corp. Labor Union, 268
SCRA 573
[G.R. No. 121084, Feb. 19, 1997]

6. Company Union
Art. [212] 219 (i)

C. UNION RATIONALE

● Mactan Workers Union v. Aboitiz, 45 SCRA 577

[G.R. No. L-30241, June 30, 1972]
● GUIJARNO V. CIR, 52 SCRA 307
[G.R. No. L-28791-93, Aug. 27, 1973]
● Heirs of Cruz v. CIR, 30 SCRA 917
[G.R. No. L-23331-32, Dec. 27, 1969]
● United Seaman’s Union of the Phil. V. Davao Shipowners Assn., 20 SCRA
1226
[G.R. No. L-18779, Aug. 31, 1967]

8
D. LABOR UNION AND GOVERNMENT REGULATION

1. Union Registration and Procedure

a. Requirements
Art. [234] 240 Requirements of Registration
Art. [235] 242 Action and Application
Art. [237] 244 Additional Requirements for Federations
BVRIIIS2

b. Registration Proceeding
BVRISI (qq)

c. Requirements and Rationale

● Progressive Development Corp. v. Sec. of Labor, 205 SCRA 802
[G.R. No. 96425, Feb. 4, 1992]
● Phoenix Iron and Steel Corp. v. Sec. of Labor, 244 SCRA 173
[G.R. No. 112141, May 16, 1995]
● Protection Technology Inc. v. Sec of Labor, 242 SCRA 173
[G.R. No. 117211, March 1, 1995]
● San Miguel Foods Inc. v. Laguesma, 263 SCRA 68
[G.R. No. 116172, Oct. 10, 1996]

d. Action or Denial of Application and Remedy

Art. [236] 243 Denial of Registration; Appeal
BVRIVS 5&5
● Vassar Industries Employees Union v. Estrella, 82 SCRA 280
[G.R. No. L-47848, Aug. 23, 1978]

e. Effect of Freedom of Association

● Villar v. Inciong, 121 SCRA 444
[G.R. No. L-50283-84, April 20, 1983]

f. Rights of Legitimate Labor Organization

Art. [242] 251 Rights of Legitimate Labor Organizations

g. Effect of Registration
● Pambansang Kapatiran, et al. v. Sec. of Labor, 253 SCRA 96
[G.R. No. 111836, Feb. 1, 1996]
● Furusawa Rubber Phil. V. Sec. of Labor, 282 SCRA 635

9
 [G.R. No. 12124, Dec. 10, 1997]

h. Effect of Non-Registration
● Villar v. Inciong, 121 SCRA 444
[G.R. No. L-50283-84, April 20, 1983]
● Tropical Hut Employee Union v. Tropical Hut Food Market, Inc.,
181 SCRA 173
[G.R. Nos. 43495-99, Jan. 20, 1990]
● Progressive Development Corp. v. Sec. of DOLE, 205 SCRA 802
[G.R. No. 96425, Feb. 4, 1992]
● Lakas ng Manggagawa v. Marcelo Enterprises, 118 SCRA 422
[G.R. No. L-38258, Nov. 19, 1982]

i. Cancellation of Union Certificate Registration

Art. [238] 245 Cancellation of Registration; Appeal

Art. [239] 247 Grounds for Cancellation of Union Registration
Art. [241] 250 (j) Rights and Conditions of Membership in a Labor
Organization
BVRISI (g)
BVRXIVS 1-3
BVRXVS 1&5
● Alliance of Labor Organization v. Laguesma, 254 SCRA 565
[G.R. No. 108625, March 11, 1996]
● NUBE v. Minister of Labor Organization, 110 SCRA 274
[G.R. No. L-53406, Dec. 14, 1981]
● Tablante v. Noriel, 84 SCRA 738
[G.R. No. L-47848, Aug. 23, 1978]

E. INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF UNION – PROHIBITION AND REGULATION

Art. [269] 284

Art. [270] 285 Regulation of Foreign Assistance
Art. [271] 286 Applicability to Far, Tenant and Rural Workers

F. UNION-MEMBER RELATIONS

Art. [241] 250

Art. [249] 260 (a)

10
1. Union Constitution
● UST Faculty Union v. Bitonio, 318 SCRA 185
[G.R. No. 131235, Nov. 6, 1999]

2. Nature of Relationship
● Heirs of Teodore Cruz v. CIR, 30 SCRA 917
[G.R. No. L-23331-32, Dec. 27, 1969]

3. Issues on Admission and Discipline

a. Admission
● Salunga v. CIR, 21 SCRA 216
[G.R. No. L-22456, Sept. 27, 1967]

b. Right to Discipline
● Villar v. Inciong, 121 SCRA 444
[G.R. No. L-50283-84, April 20, 1983]

c. Due Process Rule

● Kapisanan ng mga Manggagawa sa MRR v. Bugay, 4 SCRA 487
[G.R. No. L-13093, Feb. 28, 1962]

4. Issues on Election of Officers – Qualification, Manner of Election, Tenure and

Compensation

Art. [241] 250 (c), (f), (k)

BVRXIIS1-5

a. Voter’s List
● Tancinco v. Calleja, 157 SCRA 203
[G.R. No. L-781313, Jan. 20, 1988]

b. Disqualification of Candidate
● Manalad v. Trajano, 174 SCRA
[G.R. Nos. 72772-73, June 28, 1989]

c. Expulsion Remedy
● Kapisanan ng Manggagawang Pinagyakap (KMP) v. Trajano, 134
SCRA 236
[G.R. No. L-62306, Jan. 21, 1985]

11
 d. Invalid Election
● Rodriguez v. Dir., BLR, 165 SCRA 239
[G.R. Nos. 76579-82, Aug. 31, 1985]

5. Major Policy Matters

Art. [241] 250 (c)

a. Legal Counsel
● Halili v. CIR, 136 SCRA 112
[G.R. No. L-24864, April 30,1985]

b. Union Funds
Art. [241] 250 (b), (g), (h), (i), (j), (l), (m), (n), (o)
Art. [274] 289

c. Source of Payment of Attorney’s Fees

Art. [241] 250 (o), (n)
Art. [222] 228 (b)
● Pacific Banking Corp. v. Clave, 128 SCRA 112
[G.R. No. L-56965, March 7, 1984]

d. Examination of Books
Art. [241] 250 (g), (h), (n), (o)
● Duyag v. Inciong, 98 SCRA 522
[G.R. No. L-47775, July 5, 1980]

e. Deposit Funds
BVRXI
BVRXII
● Consolidated Workers Union v. CIR, 27 SCRA 438
[G.R. No. L-25333, March 28, 1969]

f. Union Dues
BVRXII
● Rodriguez v. Dir., BLR, 165 SCRA 239
[G.R. Nos. L-76579-82, Aug. 31, 1988]

g. Source of Payment of Special Assessments

● Gabriel v. Sec. of Labor, 328 SCRA 247
[G.R. No. 115949, Mar. 16, 2000]

12
 h. Mandatory Activity
Art. [241]250(o)
● Vengco v. Trajano, 173 SCRA 155
[G.R. No. 74453, May 5, 1989]

i. CBA Negotiation
● Galvadores v. Trajano, 144 SCRA 138
[G.R. No. L-70067, Sept. 15, 1986]

j. Union Information
Art. [241] 250 (p)

k. Union Officer - Obligation

● Continental Cement Corp. Labor Union v. Continental Cement
Corp., 189 SCRA 134
[G.R. No. 51544, Aug. 30, 1998]

6. Employee Individual Rights

● Aldovino v. NLRC, 298 SCRA 526
[G. R. 121189, Nov. 16, 1998]

a. Enforcement and Remedies - Procedures and Sanctions

Art. [241] 250 Last Par.
BVRXI
BVRIV

b. Test for Existence of Rights

● Villar v. Inciong, 121 SCRA 444
[G.R. Nos. L-50283-84, April 20, 1983]

c. Jurisdiction - Exhaustion of Internal Remedies

● Villar v. Inciong, 121 SCRA 444
[G.R. Nos. L-50283-84, April 20, 1983]

d. Remedies
● Kapisanan ng Manggagawang Pinagyakap (KMP) v. Trajano, 134
SCRA 236
[G.R. No. L-62306 Jan. 21, 1985]

13
 e. Invalidity
● Rodriguez v. Dir., BLR, 165 SCRA 239
[G.R. Nos. L-76579-82, Aug. 31, 1988]

G. UNION AFFILIATION: LOCAL AND PARENT RELATIONS

BVRIIIS7

1. Affiliation: Purpose of; Nature of Relations

Nature of Relationship
● Sugbuanon Rural Bank v. Laguesma, 324 SCRA 425
[G.R. No. 116194, Feb. 2, 2000]

Effect on Legal Personality

● St. Luke’s Medical Center Inc. v. Torres, 223 SCRA 779
[G.R. No. 99395, June 29, 1993]
● Pambansang Kapatiran, et. al. v. Sec. of Labor, 253 SCRA 96
[G.R. No. 111836, Feb. 1, 1996]
● Malayang Samahan v. Ramos, 326 SCRA 428
[G.R. No. 113907, Feb. 28, 2000]

2. Supervisor - Rank and File Union Affiliation

a) Rule on Affiliation
● Atlas Lithographic Services, Inc., v. Laguesma, 205 SCRA 12
[G.R. No. 96566, Jan. 6, 1992]
● Adamson v. CIR, 127 SCRA 268
[G.R. No. L-35120, Jan. 31, 1984]

b) Local Union Disaffiliation

Nature of Right of Disaffiliation

● Volkschel Labor Union v. BLR, 137 SCRA 42
[G.R. No. L-45824, June 19, 1985]

c) Rules on Legality of Act of Disaffiliation

● Alex Ferrer v. NLRC, 224 SCRA 410
[G.R. No. 100898, July 5, 1993]
● Villar v. Inciong, 121 SCRA 444
[G.R. Nos. L-50283-84, April 20, 1983]

14
 ● Liberty Cotton Mills Workers Union v. Liberty Cotton Mills,
66 SCRA 512
[G.R. L-33987, Sept. 4, 1975]
● Philippine Skylanders Inc. v. NLRC, 375 SCRA 369
[G.R. No. 127374, Jan. 31, 2002]

d) Minority Disaffiliation
● Phil. Labor Alliance Council v. BLR, 75 SCRA 162
[G.R. No. 41288, Jan. 31, 1977]

e) Period
● Alliance of Nationalist Union v. SAMANA BAY, et al., 258 SCRA
371
[G.R. No. 118562, July 5, 1996]

PART FOUR - THE APPROPRIATE BARGAINING UNIT

A. LAW AND DEFINITION

Art. [255] 267 Exclusive Bargaining Representation & Workers

Participation in Policy and Decision-Making
BVRIS1(d)
● Belyca Corp. v. Calleja, 168 SCRA 184
[G.R. No. L-77395, Nov. 29, 1988]
● International School Alliance of Educators v. Quisumbing 333 SCRA 13
[G.R. No. 128845, June 1, 2000]
● Sta. Lucia East Commercial Corp. v. Sec. of Labor, 596 SCRA 92
[G.R. No. 162355, Aug. 14, 2009]

B. DETERMINATION OF APPROPRIATE BARGAINING UNIT

1. Factors - Unit Determination

a) In General
● UP v. Ferrer-Calleja, 211 SCRA 451
[G.R. No. 96189, July 14, 1992]

b) History
● San Miguel Corp. v. Laguesma, 236 SCRA 595
[G.R. No. 100485, Sept. 21, 1994]

15
 c) Geography - Location
● UP v. Ferrer-Calleja, 211 SCRA 451
[G.R. No. 96189, July 14, 1992]

d) Corporate Entities
● Indophil Textile Mills Workers Union v. Calica, 205 SCRA 697
[G.R. No. 96490, Feb. 3, 1992]
● San Miguel Corp. Employees Union v. Confessor, 262 SCRA 81
[G.R. No. 111262, Sept. 19, 1996]

e) Management
● Phil. Scouts Veterans, et al. v. Torres, 224 SCRA 682
[G.R. No. 92357, July 21, 1993]

f) Test to Determine Bargaining Unit

● SMC v. Laguesma, 236 SCRA 595
[G.R. No. 100485, Sept. 21, 1994]
● Golden Farms Inc. v. Sec. of Labor, 234 SCRA 517
[G.R. No. 102130, July 26, 1994]
● San Miguel Corp. Supervisors v. Laguesma, 277 SCRA 370
[G.R. No. 110399, Aug. 15, 1997]

g) Unit Severance and Globe Doctrine

● Mechanical Department Labor Union v. CIR, 24 SCRA 925
[G.R. No. L-28223, Aug. 30, 1968]

2. Size of Unit and Effect on Self-Organization

a) Unit Scope and Self-Organization

● Filoil Refinery Corp. v. Filoil Supervisory, et al., 46 SCRA 512
[G.R. No. L-26736, Aug. 8, 1972]

b) Supervisor Unit
● Negros Oriental Electric Corp. v. Sec. of DOLE, 357 SCRA 577
[G.R. No. 143616, May 9, 2001]

16
3. Effect of Prior Agreements

a) Non-Parties Effect
● General Rubber and Footwear Corp. v. BLR, 155 SRA 283
[G.R. No. L-74262, Oct. 29, 1987]
● De La Salle v. De La Salle Employees, 330 SCRA 363
[G.R. No. 109002, April 12, 2000]

4. Determining Agency

Art. [226] 232 Bureau of Labor Relations

Art. [255] 267

a) Agency and Finality Order

● Filoil Refinery Corp. v. Filoil Supervisory and Confidential
Employees Assn., 46 SCRA 512
[G.R. No. L-26736, Aug. 18, 1972]

PART FIVE - UNION REPRESENTATION: ESTABLISHING UNION MAJORITY

STATUS

A. PRE-CONDITION - EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP

Election -- Pre-requisite
● Allied Free Workers Union v. Compania Maritima, 19 SCRA 258
[G.R. No. L-22952, Jan. 31, 1967]

B. METHODS OF ESTABLISHING MAJORITY STATUS

1. Elections - Certification and Consent Election;

Consent Election; and Run-off Election
BVRIS1 (h), (ss)
● National Union of Workers in Hotels, Restaurants, Allied Industries,
Manila Pavilion Chapter v. Sec. of Labor 594 SCRA 773
[G.R. No. 181531, July 31, 2009]

2. Distinctions - Certification and Consent Elections

● Warren Manufacturing Workers Union v BLR, 159 SCRA 387
[G.R. No. L-76185, March 30, 1988]

17
3. Consent Elections
● Algire v. De Mesa, 237 SCRA 647
[ G.R. No. 97622, Oct. 19, 1994]

4. Major Policies
a. Union Voluntary Recognition
DOLE Order No. 9, Rule X (1997)
● Samahang Manggagawa sa Premex v Sec. of Labor, 286
SCRA 692
[ G.R. No. 107792, March 2, 1998]
b. Law
● Oriental Tin Can Labor Union v. Sec. of Labor, 294 SCRA
640
[G.R. No. 116751, Aug. 28, 1998]

c. No Direct Certification
● Colgate Palmolive Phils. v. Ople, 163 SCRA 323
[G.R. No. 116751, Aug. 28, 1998]

d. One Company - One Union Policy

● George and Peter Lines, Inc. v. Associated labor Union, 134
SCRA 82
[G.R. No. L-51602, Jan. 17, 1985]

e. Policy Consideration
● Progressive Development Corp. v. DOLE, 205 SCRA 802
[G.R. No. 96425, Feb. 4, 1992]

f. Effect of Receipt of Benefits

● Barbizon v. Nagkakaisang Supervisor 261 SCRA 738
[G.R. Nos. 113204-05, Sept. 16, 1996]

g. Religion / Past Non-Participation

● Reyes v. Trajano, 209 SCRA 484
[G.R. No. 84433, June 2, 1992]

h. Rationale
● National Mines and Allied Workers Union v. Sec. of Labor,
227 SCRA 821
[G.R. No. 106446, Nov. 16, 1993]

18
 i. Forum Issue
● Kamada v. Ferrer-Calleja, 278 SCRA 531
[G.R. No. 104692, Sept. 5, 1997]

j. Venue of Petition
● Cruzvale Inc. v. Laguesma, 238 SCRA 389
[G.R. No. 107610, Nov. 25, 1994]

C. CERTIFICATION ELECTION – PROCESS

BVRVII
BVRIX

1. THE UNION AS INITIATING PARTY

Art. [242] 251
 Lopez Sugar Corp. v. Sec of Labor, 247 SCRA 1
[G.R. No. 93117, Aug. 1, 1995]

a) Organized Establishment
Art. [256] 268 Representation Issue in Organized Establishments
Art. [253] 264 Duty to Bargain Collectively where there exists a
CBA
BVRIS1 (LL)
● California Manufacturing Corp. v. Laguesma, 209 SCRA 606
[G.R. No. 97020, June 8, 1992]

b) Freedom Period
● Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. Manila Inc. v. Laguesma, 212
SCRA 281
[G.R. No. 96635, Aug. 6, 1992]

When Applied
● Associated Labor Union v. Calleja , 179 SCRA 127
[G.R. No. 85085, Nov. 6, 1989]
● Pambansang Kapatiran v. Sec. of Labor, 253 SCRA 96
[G.R. No. 111836, Feb. 1, 1996]

Petition Beyond Freedom Period

● National Congress of Unions in Sugar Industry v. Ferrer-
Calleja, 205 SCRA 478

19
 [G.R. No. 89606, Jan. 27, 1992]
Filing Party
● Progressive Development Corp. v. Sec. of DOLE, 205 SCRA
802
[G.R. No. 96425, Feb. 4, 1992]
● Progressive Development Corp. v. Laguesma, 271 SCRA
593
[G.R. No. 115077, April 18, 1997]

c) Form of Petition

Signature Verification
● National Mines and Allied Workers Union v. Sec. of Labor,
227 SCRA 821
[G.R. No. 106446, Nov. 16, 1993]
● Belyca Corp. V.Ferrer-Calleja, 168 SCRA 184
[G.R. No. L-77395, Nov. 29, 1988]
● Today’s Knitting, et al. v. Noriel, 75 SCRA 450
[G.R. No. L-45057, Feb 28, 1977]

Substantial Support

Effect of Disclosure
● National Mines and Allied workers Union v. Sec. of Labor,
227 SCRA 821 [G.R. No. 106446, Nov. 16, 1993]

Submission
● Port Workers Union, et al., v. DOLE, 207 SCRA 329
[G.R. Nos. 94929-30, March 18, 1992]
● Oriental Tin Can Labor Union v. Sec. of Labor, 294 SCRA
640
[G.R. No. 116751, Aug. 28, 1998]

When Not Required

● Associated Labor Unions v. Calleja, 179 SCRA 127
[G.R. No. 85085, Nov. 6, 1989]

Discretion Rule Application

● Airtime Specialists Inc. v. Dir., BLR, 180 SCRA 749
[G.R. Nos. 80612-16, Oct. 29, 1989]
● California Manufacturing Co. v. Laguesma, 209 SCRA 606

20
 [ G.R. No. 97020, June 8, 1992]

Mandatory Election
● Belyca Corp. v. Calleja, 168 SCRA 184
[G.R. No. L-77395, Nov. 29, 1988]

Motion for Intervention on Support Requirement

When Support is Not Required

● Phil. Assn. of Free Labor Union v. Calleja, 169 SCRA 491
[G.R. No. 79347, Jan. 26, 1989]

d) Unorganized Establishment
Art. [242] 251
Art. [257] 269 Petitions in Unorganized Establishments

● PT&T v. Laguesma, 223 SCRA 452

[G.R. No. 101730, June 17, 1993]
● Celine Marketing Corp. v. Laguesma, 205 SCRA 849
[G.R. No. 97568, Feb. 4, 1992]

2. THE EMPLOYER AS INITIATING PARTY

Art. [258] 270 When an employee may file a petition

a) Role Employer
● Phil. Fruits v. Torres, 211 SCRA 95
[ G.R. No. 9231, July 3, 1992]
● Phil. Scouts v. Toress, 224 SCRA 682
[ G.R. No. 92357, July 21, 1993]
● Samahan ng Manggagawasa Filsystems v. Sec. DOLE, 290
SCRA 680
[G.R. No. 128067, June 5, 1998]

b) Motion to Dismiss
● PT & T Corp. v. Laguesma, 223 SCRA 452
[ G.R. No. 101730, June 17, 1993]

c) Parties
● Transport Corp. v. Laguesma, 227 SCRA 827
[G.R. No. 106830, Nov. 16, 1993]

21
 d) Agency

Conducting Agency
Art. [226] 232 Bureau of Labor Relations
Art. [232] 238 Prohibition on Certification Election
Art. [258] 270
Art. [258] 272 Appeal from Certification Election
● Ilaw at Buklod ng Manggagawa v. Dir. 91 SCRA 482
[G.R. No. L-48931, July 16, 1979]

e) Requisite for Validity of Election

Art. [256] 268

● Benguet Electric Coop. Inc. v. Calleja, 180 SCRA 740

[G.R. No. 79025, Dec. 29, 1989]

f) Nature of Proceeding

● Young Men Labor Union Stevedores v. CIR, 13 SCRA 285

[G.R. No. L-20307, Feb. 26, 1965]

3. CERTIFICATION ELECTION - PROCESS AND PROCEDURE

BVRVII
BVRIX

a. Effective of Private Agreement

● PLUM Fed. of Industrial and Agrarian Workers v. Noriel, 199
SCRA 299
[G.R. No. L-49007, Dec. 15, 1982]

b. Posting Notice

Waiver of Notice
● Jisscor Independent Union v. Torres, 221 SCRA 699
[G.R. No. 97189, May 11, 1993]

22
c. Voting List and Voters

Voting List
● Acoje Workers Union v. Nat’l. Mines & Allied Workers Union, 7
SCRA 730
[G.R. No. L-18846, April 23, 1963]
● Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Pacific Plastic v. Laguesma, 267
SCRA 303
[G.R. No. 111245, Jan. 31, 1997]

Effect of Non-Participation in Previous Election

● Reyes v. Trajano, 209 SCRA 484
[G.R. No. 84433, June 2, 1992]

All Employees
● Barrera v. CIR, 107 SCRA 596
[G.R. No. L-32853, June 2, 1992]
● Confederation of Citizens Labor Unions v. Noriel, 98 SCRA 474
[G.R. No. L-46933, June 30, 1980]
● Phil. Fruits v. Torres, 211 SCRA 95
[G.R. No. 92391, July 3, 1992]

Challenge Voter
● PT & T Corp. v. Torres, 223 SCRA 452
[G.R. No. 101730, June 17, 1993]

Validity
● Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Pacific Plastic v. Laguesma, 267
SCRA 303
[G.R. No. 111245, Jan. 31, 1997]

d. Voting Day
● Asian Design and Manufacturing Corp. v. Callja, 174 SCRA 477
[G.R. No. 77415, June 29, 1989]

Election Conduct
● Hercules Industries Inc. v. Sec. of DOLE, 214 SCRA 129
[G.R. No. 96255, Sept. 18, 1992]

Protest

23
 BVRIXS13

Period
● Timbungco v. Castro, 183 SCRA 140
[G.R. No. 76111, March 14, 1990]

Grounds/ Allegations for Protests

● Jisscor Independent Union v. TOrres, 221 SCRA 699
[G.R. No. 97189, May 11, 1993]

Appeal

Period
● Phil. Fruits and Vegetables Industries v. Torres, 211 SCRA 95
[G.R. No. 92391, July 3, 1992]

e. Annulment of Certification Election

Allegations/ Grounds
● United Employees Union of Gelmart Industries v. Noriel, 67 SCRA
267
[G.R. No. L-40810, Oct. 3, 1975]
● Nat’l. Fed. of Labor v. Sec. of DOLE, 287 SCRA 599
[G.R. No. L-104556, March 19, 1998]

Irregularities
● Confederation of Citizens Labor Union v. Noriel, 116 SCRA 694
[G.R. No. L-56902, Sept. 21, 1982
● Timbungco v. Castro, 183 SCRA 140
[G.R. No. 76111, March 14, 1990]

4. CERTIFICATION OF DESIGNATED MAJORITY UNION

Art. [255] 267
Art. [256] 268

Majority Union
● Benguet Electric Coop. Inc. v. Calleja, 180 SCRA 740
[G.R. No. 79025, Dec. 29, 1898]
● Militante v. NLRC, 246 SCRA 365
[G.R. No. 113448, July 14, 1995]

24
5. BARS TO CERTIFICATION ELECTION

a) One Year Bar Rule

BVRVIIIS3

Period Covered
● Transport Corp. v. Laguesma, 227 SCRA 827
[G.R. No. 106830, Nov. 16, 1993]
● Kaisahan ng Manggagawa Pilipino v. Trajano, 201 SCRA
453
[G.R. No. 75810, Sept. 9, 1991]

b) Deadlock Bar Rule

BVRIIIS3

Requirements
● Nat’l. COngress of Unions in the Sugar Industry v. Trajano,
208 SCRA 18
[G.R. No. 67485, April 10, 1992]

No Deadlock
● Divine Word Univ. of Tacloban v. Sec. of Labor, 213 SCRA
759
[G.R. No. 91915, Sept. 11, 1992]

c) Contract Bar Rule

Art. [232] 238
BVRXVIIS7

History
● Confederation of Citizens Labor Union v. NLRC, 60 SCRA
450
[G.R. No. L-38955-56, Oct. 31, 1974]

Rule Parameters
● Samahan ng ManggagawasaPremex v. Sec. of Labor, 286
SCRA 692
[G.R. No. 107792, March 2, 1998]
● Barbizon Phils. v. Nagkakaisang Supervisor ng Barbizor
Phils., Inc. - NAFLU, 261 SCRA 738

25
 [G.R. No. 113204-05, Sept. 10, 1996]

Incomplete Contract
● Buklod ng Saulog Transit v. Casalla, 99 Phil 16
[G.R. No. L-8049, May 9, 1956]

d) Premature Contract
● Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Pacific Plastic v. Laguesma,
267 SCRA 303
[G.R. No. 111245, Jan. 31, 1997]

When Applied
● Associated Labor Unions v. Calleja, 173 SCRA 178
[G.R. No. 77282, May 5, 1989]
● Warren Manufacturing Workers Union v. BLR, 159 SCRA
387
[G.R. No. L-76185, March 30, 1988]

Exception
● Port Workers Union etc. v. Undersecretary of Labor, 207
SVRA 329
[G.R. No. 94929-30, March 18, 1992]

e) Not Registered CBA

● Trade Union Phils. v. Laguesma, 236 SCRA 586
[G.R. No. 95013, Sept. 21, 1994]
● Registered CBA Assn. of Independent Unions v. NLRC, 305
SCRA 219
[G.R. No. 120505, March 25, 1999]

f) Expired CBA
● Colegio de San Juan De Letran v. Assn. of Employees and
Faculty of Letran, 340 SCRA 587
[G.R. No. 141471, Sept. 18, 2000]

6. SUSPENSION OF CERTIFICATION ELECTION

Prejudicial Question Rule

● United CMC textile Workers Union v. BLR, 128 SCRA 316
[G.R. No. L-51337, March 22, 1984]

26
 Party and Issue
● Barrera v. CIR, 107 SCRA 596
[G.R. No. L-32853, Sept. 25, 1981]

7. OPPOSITION
● Protection technology v. Sec. of DOLE, 242 SCRA 99
[G.R. No. 117211, March 1, 1995]

8. EFFECT OF PENDING PETITION OR CANCELLATION OF TRADE

UNION REGISTRATION
● Assn. of CA Employees v. Ferrer-Calleja, 203 SCRA 596
[G.R. No. 94716, Nov. 15, 1991]
● Progressive Dev’t Corp. v. Laguesma, 271 SCRA 593
[G.R. No. 115077, April 18, 1997]
● Samahan ng Manggagawasa Pacific Plastic v. Laguesma, 267
SCRA 303
[G.R. No. 111245, Jan. 31, 1997]

9. DECERTIFICATION
● S.S. Ventures Inc. v. S.S Ventures Labor Union, 559 SCRA 435
[G.R. No. 161690, 2008]

PART SIX - COLLECTIVE BARGAINING: PROCESS, PROCEDURES AND ISSUES

A. GENERAL CONCEPTS AND POLICY DECLARATION

Art. [211] 218 (a)

Art. XIII, S3, [1987 Constitutiton]

1. Policy
● Kiok Loy v. NLRC, 141 SCRA 179
[G.R. No. L-54334, Jan. 22, 1986]

2. Nature and Purpose

a. Nature
● United Employees Union of Gelmart Industries, Phils. v. Noriel, 67
SCRA 267
[G.R. No. L-40810, Oct. 3, 1975]

27
b. Purpose
● Kiok Loy v. NLRC, 141 SCRA 179
[G.R. No. L-54334, Jan. 22, 1986]

c. Bargainable Issues
Art. [252] 263 Meaning of Duty to Bargain Collectively
● Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Top Form Manufacturing v. NLRC,
295 SCRA 171
[G.R. No. 113856, Sept. 7, 1998]
● Phil. American Mgt. Co. Inc. v. Phil. American Mgt. Employees.
Assn., 51 SCRA 98
[G.R. No. L-35254, May 25, 1973]
● Manila Fashions Inc. v. NLRC, 264 SCRA 104
[G.R. No. 117878, Nov. 13, 1996]
● Rep. Savings Bank v. CIR, 21 SCRA 226
[G.R. No. L20303, Sept. 27, 1967]
● Nestle Phils., Inc. v. NLRC, 193 SCRA 504
[G.R. No. 91231, Feb. 4, 1991]
● Luzon Dev’t Bank v. Assn. of Luzon Dev’t Bank Employees, 249
SCRA 162
[G.R. No. 120319, Oct. 6, 1995]

d. Bargaining Procedure

e. Private Procedure
Art. [251] 262 Duty to Bargain Collectively in the Absence of CBAs

f. Code Procedure
Art. [250] 261 Procedure in Collective Bargaining
Art. [251] 262
Art. [233] 239 Privileged Communication

g. Nature of Procedure
● Kiok Loy v. NLRC, 141 SCRA 179
[G.R. No. L-54334, Jan. 22, 1986]

h. Proposals
● Caltex Refinery Employees Assn. v. Brillantes, 279 SCRA 218
[G.R. No. 123782, Sept. 16, 1997]

28
 i. Conciliation Procedure
Art. [250] 261 (c), (d), (e)
Art. [233] 239

B. DUTY TO BARGAIN COLLECTIVELY

Art. [250] 261

Art. [251] 262
Art. [252] 263
Art. [253] 264
Art. [242] 251 (c)
BVRXIXS6

1. Meaning of Duty
● Elizalde Rope Factory Inc. v. CIR, 8 SCRA 567
[G.R. No. L-16419, May 30, 1963]
● Kiok Loy v. NLRC, 141 SCRA 179
[G.R. No. L-54334, Jan. 22, 1986]
● Nat’l Congress of Union v. Ferrer-Calleja, 205 SCRA 478
[G.R. No. 89609, Jan 27, 1992]
● Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corp. Employees Union v. NLRC, 218
SCRA 509
[G.R. No. 125038, Nov. 6, 1997]
● Colegio de San Juan De Letran v. Assn. of Employees and Faculty of
Letran, 340 SCRA 587
[G.R. No. 141471, Sept. 18, 2000]
● Union of Filipino Employees - Drug, Food, and Allied Industries Union v.
Nestle, 547 SCRA 323
[G.R. No. 158930, March 3, 2008]

2. Withdrawal of Offer in Bargaining

● LMG Chemicals v. Secretary of Labor, 356 SCRA 577
[G.R. No. 127422, April 17, 2001]

C. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENT

1. Definition
BVRISJ (J)

2. Contents

29
 BVRIS (jj)

a. See Sample CBA

b. Effect of Sub-Standard Contract

Art. [239] 247 Grounds for Cancellation for Union Registration

c. Duration and Re-negotiation

Art. [253-A] 265 Terms of a Collective Bargaining Agreement
BVRXIXS2

d. Grievance Procedure
● Navarro III v. Damasco, 246 SCRA 260
[G.R. No. 101875, July 14, 1995]

3. Registration Period, Requirements, and Actions

Art. [231] 237 Registry of Unions and File of Collective Agreements
BVRVIII

4. Contract Beneficiaries
Art. [255] 267
● New Pacific Timber and Supply v. NLRC, 328 SCRA 404
[G.R. No. 124224, March 17, 2000]

5. Minutes of Negotiation
● Samahan ng Manggagawa sa Top Form Manufacturing v. NLRC, 295
SCRA 171
[G.R. No. 113856, Sept. 7, 1998]

6. Signing Bonus
● Caltex Refinery Employees Assn. v. Brillantes, 279 SCRA 218
[G.R. No. 123782, Sept. 16, 1997]

D. CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

1. Nature of Contract
● Davao Integrated v. Abarquez, 220 SCRA 197
[G.R. No. 102132, March 19, 1993]
● Kimberly Clark Phils. v. Lorredo, 226 SCRA 639
[G.R. No. 103090, Sept. 21, 1993]
● Aquino v. NLRC, 206 SCRA 118

30
 [G.R. No. 87653, Feb. 11, 1992]
● Benguet Consolidated v. BCI Employees and Workers Union, 23 SCRA
465
[G.R. No. L-24711, April 30, 1968]
● Univ. of Immaculate Conception v. Sec. of Labor, 374 SCRA 471
[G.R. No. 146291, Jan. 23, 2002]

2. Grievance Procedure; Dispute Settlement: Issues and Individual Grievance

Art. [255] 267
Art. [260] 273 Grievance Machinery and Voluntary Arbitration
● Caltex Refinery Employees Assn. v. Brillantes, 279 SCRA 218
[G.R. No. 123782, Sept. 16, 1997]
● Master Iron Labor Union v. NLRC, 219 SCRA 47
[G.R. No. 92009, Feb. 17, 1993]
● Phil. Airlines Inc. v. Santos, 218 SCRA 415
[G.R. No. 77875, Feb. 4, 1993]

3. Contract Infirmity
● Associated Labor Unions v. Calleja, 173 SCRA 178
[G.R. No. 77282, May 5, 1989]
● Planters Products Inc. v. NLRC, 169 SCRA 328
[G.R. No. 78524, Jan. 20, 1989]

4. Contract Duration and Renewals

BVRVS4
Art. [253 A] 265
● Lopez Sugar Corp. v. FFW, 189 SCRA 179
[G.R. Nos. 75700-01, Aug. 30, 1990]
● Mindanao Terminal and Brokerage Service, Inc. v. Confessor,
272 SCRA 161 [G.R. No. 111809, May 5, 1997]
● San Miguel Corp. Employees Union v. Confessor, 262 SCRA 81
[G.R. No. 111262, Sept. 19, 1996]
● Manila Electric Co. v. Quisumbing, 326 SCRA 172
[G.R. No. 127598, Feb. 22, 2000]

5. CBA and 3rd party Applicability

● Sundowner Development Corp. v. Drilon, 180 SCRA 14
[G.R. No. 82341, Dec. 6, 1989]
● Manlimos v. NLRC, 242 SCRA 145
[G.R. No. 113337, March 2, 1995]

31
6. CBA and Disaffiliation
● Benguet Consolidated Inc. v. BCI Unions, 23 SCRA 465
[G.R. No. L-24711, April 30, 1968]
● Eliso-Elirol Labor Union v. Noriel 80 SCRA 682
[G.R. No. L-41955, Dec. 29, 1977]

7. Effect of CBA Expiration

● Pier 8 Arrastre v. Roldan-Confessor, 241 SCRA 294
[G.R. No. 110854, Feb. 13, 1995]
● New Pacific Timber v. NLRC, 328 SCRA 404
[G.R. No. 124224, March 17, 2000]

PART SEVEN - UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE

A. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS

1. Definition and General Concepts

a. Definition
● Sterling Products Int’l. Inc. v. Sol, 7 SCRA 445
[G.R. No. L-19187, Feb. 28, 1963]
● Nueva Ecija Electric v. NLRC, 323 SCRA 86
[G.R. No. 116066, Jan. 24, 2000]

b. Required Relationship
● Sterling Products Int’l. Inc. v. Sol, 7 SCRA 445
[G.R. No. L-19187, Feb. 28, 1963]
● American President Lines, Inc. v. Clave, 114 SCRA 826
[G.R. No. L-51641, June 29, 1982]

c. Construction Policy
● Caltex Filipino Managers and Supervisors Assn. v. CIR, 44 SCRA
350
[G.R. Nos. L-30632-33, April 11, 1972]

d. Law, Nomenclature and Inter-relations of Acts of ULP

Art. [248] 259
Art. [249] 260
● Republic Savings Bank v. CIR, [see Fernando, J., concurring
opinion], 21 SCRA 226
[G.R. No. L-20303, Sept. 27, 1967]

32
 B. UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE: EMPLOYER AND LABOR ORGANIZATION
ACTS VIOLATING RIGHT OF SELF-ORGANIZATION

1. Interference, Restraint and Coercion

Art. [248] 259 (a)
Art. [255] 267
Art. [277] 292 (g), (h)
Art. [249] 260 (a)
● UST Faculty Union v. University of Sto. Tomas, 584 SCRA 648
[G.R. No. 180892, April 7, 2009]

2. Non-Union (or Withdrawal from) Membership as Condition for Employment

Art. [248] 259 (b)

3. Contracting Out to Discourage Unionism

Art. [248] 259 (c)

4. Company Dominated Union

Art. [248] 259 (d)

5. Discriminating to Encourage/ Discourage Unionism

Art. [248] 259 (e)
Art. [249] 260 (b)

6. Retaliation for Testimony Against Employer

Art. [248] 259 (f)

7. Exaction - Feather Bedding

Art. [249] 260 (b)

Illustrative Cases of ULP

Interrogation
● Phil. Steam Navigation Co. v. Phil. Maritime Officer Guild, 15 SCRA 174
[G.R. Nos. L-20667 & L-20669, Oct. 29, 1965]

Speech
● The Insular Life Assurance Employees Assn. v. Insular Life Assurance Co.
Ltd, 37 SCRA 244
[G.R. No. L-25291, Jan. 30, 1971]

33
Espionage
● The Insular Life Assurance Employees Assn. v. Insular Life Assurance Co.
Ltd, 37 SCRA 244
[G.R. No. L-25291, Jan. 30, 1971]

Economic Coercion and Inducement

● The Insular Life Assurance Employees Assn. v. Insular Life Assurance Co.
Ltd, 37 SCRA 244
[G.R. No. L-25291, Jan. 30, 1971]

Concerted Activities
● Phil. Blooming Mills Employees Org. v. Phil. Blooming Mills Co., 17 SCRA
1077
[G.R. No. L-21223, Aug. 31, 1966]

Suspension of Election Date

● CLLC GE Gochangco Employees Association. v. NLRC, 161 SCRA 656
[G.R. Nos. L-67158-62, May 31, 1988]

Discrimination
● General Electric Employees Assn. v. CIR, 70 SCRA 193
[G.R. No. L-29283, March 31, 1976]
● Phil. Charity Sweepstakes Office v. Assn., 115 SCRA 34
[G.R. No. L-27546, July 16, 1982]
● NAMAWU v. NLRC, 118 SCRA 637
[G.R. No. L-59596, Nov. 19, 1982]
● Tupas v. NLRC, 1389 SCRA 478
[G.R. Nos. L-60532-33, Nov. 5, 1985]
● Bondoc v. CIR, 169 SCRA 379
[G.R. No. 33955, Jan. 26, 1989]
● Wise and Co. Inc. v. Wise and Co. Inc. Employees Union, NATU, 178
SCRA 536
[G.R. No. 87672, Oct. 13, 1989]

Non-Membership or Withdrawal from Union - As Condition for Employment

● Visayas Stevedore Tans. Co. v. CIR, 19 SCRA 426
[G.R. No. L-21692, Feb. 25, 1967]

Company Domination
● Progressive Dev’t. Corp. v. CIR, 80 SCRA 434

34
 [G.R. No. L-39546, Nov. 29, 1977]

Dismissal for Union Activities

● Zamboanga Wood Products Inc. v. NLRC, 178 SCRA 482
[G.R. No. 82088, Oct. 13, 1989]
● Rizal Memorial College Faculty Union v. NLRC, 178 SCRA 439
[G.R. Nos. 59012-13, Oct. 12, 1989]
● Carmel Craft Corp. v. NLRC, 186 SCRA 393
[G.R. Nos. 90634-35, June 6, 1990]

Testimony
● Itogon Suyoc Mines Inc. v. Baldo, 12 SCRA 599
[G.R. No. L-17739, Dec. 24, 1964]

Cancellation of Union Registration

● Rural Bank of Alaminos Union v. NLRC, 317 SCRA 669
[G.R. Nos. 100342-44, Oct. 29, 1999]

Employer Functions and Unfair Labor Practices

● San Miguel Corp. Employees Union v. Bersamira, 186 SCRA 496
[G.R. No. 87700, June 13, 1990]

C. UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE: EMPLOYER AND LABOR ORGANIZATION ACTS

VIOLATIVE OF RIGHT TO COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

1. Violate Duty to Bargain

Art. [248] 259 (g)
Art. [249] 260 (c)
Art. [250] 261
Art. [251] 262
Art. [252] 263
Art. [253] 264

2. Negotiation of Attorney’s Fees

Art. [248] 259 (h),(i)
Art. [261] 274 Jurisdiction of Voluntary Arbitrators (or Panel of …)

3. Violate Collective Bargaining Agreement

Art. [248 (l)] 259 (i)
Art. [249] 260 (f)
Art. [261] 274

35
 ● Phil. Blooming Mills Employees Org. v. Phil. Blooming Mills Co. Inc.,
51 SCRA 189
[G.R. No. L-31195, June 5, 1973]
● Balmar Farms Inc. v. NLRC, 202 SCRA 648
[G.R. No. 73504, Oct. 15, 1991]
● The Insular Life Assurance Employees Assn. v. Insular Life Assurance Co.
Ltd,
37 SCRA 244
[G.R. No. L-25291, Jan. 30, 1971]
● Kiok Loy v. NLRC, 141 SCRA 179
[G.R. No. L-54334, Jan. 22, 1986]
● Alba Patio de Makati v. Alba Patio de Makati Employees Assn., 128 SCRA
253
[G.R. No. L-37922, March 16, 1984]
● Asuncion Bros. Co. v. CIR, 163 SCRA 596
[G.R. No. L-39514, July 27, 1988]
● Singapore Airlines Employees Assn. v. NLRC, 130 SCRA 472
[G.R. No. L-65786, July 16, 1984]

4. Failure or Refusal to Give Counter-proposal

● General Milling Corporation v. CA, 422 SCRA 514
[G.R. No. 146728, Feb. 11, 2004]

D. MOTIVE, CONDUCT AND PROOF OF ULP

1. Employer Motive and Proof

● Visayan Bicycle Manufacturing Co. Inc. v. Nat’l. Labor Union, 14 SCRA 5
[G.R. No. L-19997, May 19, 1965]

2. Totality of Conduct Rule and Effect of Failure Act

● The Insular Life Assurance Employees Assn. v. Insular Assurance Co.
Ltd.,
37 SCRA 244
[G.R. No. L-25291, Jan. 30, 1971]
● Royal Undergarment Corp. of the Phil. v. CIR, 185 SCRA 278
[G.R. No. L-39040, June 6, 1990]

E. ENFORCEMENT, REMEDIES AND SANCTIONS

1. Parties Against Whom ULP Committed

36
 Art. [248] 259
Art. [249] 260
Art. [212] 219 (e) (f) (g)

● American President Lines v. Clave, 114 SCRA 826

[G.R. No. L-51641, June 29, 1982]

2. Parties Liable for the Acts

a. Employer; Piercing the Corporate Veil

Art. [248] 259, last par.
Art. [288] 303
Art. [289] 304
Art. [290] 305 Offenses
● De Leon v. NLRC, 358 SCRA 274
[G.R. No. 112661, May 30, 2001]

b. Labor Organization
Art. [249] 260, last par.
Art. [288] 303
Art. [289] 304
Art. [290] 305
● Liberty Cotton Mills Workers Union v. Liberty Inc., 66 SCRA 512
[G.R. No. L-33987, Sept. 4, 1975]
● H. Aronson and Co. v. Associated Labor Union Inc., 40 SCRA 7
[G.R. No. L-23010, July 9, 1971]
● Nat’l. Labor Union v. CIR, 116 SCRA 417
[G.R. No. L-31276, Sept. 9, 1982]
● Pepsi Cola Bottling Co. v. NLRC, 210 SCRA 277
[G.R. Nos. L-101900, June 23, 1992]

c. Prosecution and Prescriptive Period

Civil Aspect
Art. [247] 258, pars. 2-4
Art. [290] 305
● Peter Paul Phils. v. NLRC, 222 SCRA 288
[G.R. No. 103219, May 18, 1993]

d. Criminal Aspect
Art. [247] 258, par. 2&5

37
 ● CLLC Gochangco Workers Union v. NLRC, 161 SCRA 655
[G.R. Nos. L-67158-62, May 30, 1988] see p. 668

e. Compromise
● AFP Mutual Benefit Assn. Inc. v. AFP MBAI-EU, 97 SCRA 715
[G.R. Nos. L-39140 & 39145, May 17, 1980]
● CLLC Gochangco Workers Union v. NLRC, 161 SCRA 655
[G.R. Nos. L-67158-62, May 30, 1988]

3. Remedies and Sanctions

a. Civil Remedies
Art. [247] 258, pars. 2-3
Art. [223] 229 Appeal

b. Reinstatement; Definition and Concept

Art. [279] 294 Security of Tenure
● Union of Supervisors (RB) NATU v. Sec. of Labor, 128 SCRA 442
[G.R. No. L-39889, March 9, 1984]

c. Substantially Equivalent Employment

● Far Eastern University v. CIR, 5 SCRA 1082
[G.R. No. L-17620, Aug. 31, 1962]
● San Miguel Brewery, Inc. v. Santos, 2 SCRA 1081
[G.R. No. L12682, Aug. 31, 1961]

d. Alternative Remedies if Reinstatement is Not Possible

Death of Employee
● General Electric Co. Employees Assoc. v. CIR, 70 SCRA 193
[G.R. No. L-29283, March 31, 1976]

Closure of Business
● Phil. Engineering Corp. v. CIR, 41 SCRA 89
[G.R. No. L-27880, Sept. 30, 1971]

Business Reverses
● Sta. Cecilia Sawmills Inc. v. CIR, 11 SCRA 56
[G.R. Nos. L-19273-74, May 25, 1964]

38
 e. Back Wages and Methods of Computation
● Lexal Laboratories v. National Chemical Industries Workers Union,
25 SCRA 668
[G.R. No. L-24632, Oct. 26, 1968]
● Capital Garments Corp. v. Ople, 117 SCRA 145
[G.R. No. L-53627, Sept. 30, 1982]
● Flexo Manufacturing Corp. v. NLRC, 135 SCRA 145
[G.R. No. L-55971, Feb. 28, 1985]

f. Penal Remedies
Art. [247] 258, par. 2&5
Art. [288] 303
Art. [289] 304
Art. [290] 305
● Free Telephone Workers Union v. PLDT, 160 SCRA 43
[G.R. No. L-55971, Feb. 28, 1985]

PART EIGHT - UNION SECURITY

A. STATUTORY BASIS AND RATIONALE

Art. [248] 259 (e)

● Juan v. CIR, 15 SCRA 391
[G.R. No. L-20764, Nov. 19, 1965]
● Guijarno v. CIR, 52 SCRA 307
[G.R. Nos. L-28791-93, Aug. 27, 1973]

B. NATURE OF STIPULATION

● Caltex Refinery Employees v. Brillantes, 279 SCRA 218

[G.R. No. 123782, Sept. 16, 1997]

C. VALIDITY AGREEMENT AND EFFECT OF FREEDOM OF CHOICE

● Villar v. Inciong, 121 SCRA 444

[G.R. Nos. L-50283-84, April 20, 1983]
● Tanduay Distillery Labor Union v. NLRC, 149 SCRA 368
[G.R. No. L-75037, April 30, 1987]
● Manila Mandarin Employees Union v. NLRC, 154 SCRA 368
[G.R. No. L-76989, Sept. 29, 1987]

39
 ● Malayang Samahan sa Greenfields v. Ramos, 326 SCRA 428
[G.R. No. 113907, Feb. 28, 2000]

D. CONTRACT DRAFTING AND INTERPRETATION OF PROVISIONS - UNION

SECURITY

● Rizal Labor Union v. Rizal Cement Co. Inc., 17 SCRA 858

[G.R. No. L-19779, July 7, 1966]
● Manila Cordage Co. v. CIR, 78 SCRA 398
[G.R. No. L-27029, Aug. 31, 1977]

E. COVERAGE - WORKER INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION

Art. [248] 259 (e)

● Guijarno v. CIR, 51 SCRA 307
[G.R. Nos. L-28791-93, Aug. 27, 1973]
[Read original all cases cited in Guijarno]

1. Implementation - Obligation and Liabilities

● Guijarno v. CIR, 52 SCRA 307

[G.R. Nos. L-28791-93, Aug. 27, 1973]
● Liberty Cotton Mills Workers Union v. Liberty Cotton Mills, 90 SCRA 391
[G.R. No. L-33987, May 31, 1979]
● Carino v. NLRC, 185 SCRA 177
[G.R. No. 91086, May 8, 1990]
● Sanyo Phils. Workers Union v. Canizares, 211 SCRA 361
[G.R. No. L-101619, July 8, 1992]

2. Financial Security

Agency Shop
Art. [248] 259 (e)
Check-Off
Art. 113 (b)
Art. [241] 250 (m) (n) (o)
● ABS-CBN Supervisors v. ABS-CBN, 304 SCRA 489
[G.R. No. 106518, March 11, 1999]

40
 PART NINE - UNION CONCERTED ACTIVITIES

A. BASIS OF RIGHT TO ENGAGE IN CONCERTED ACTIVITIES

1. Constitution
Art. XIII, Sec. 3, [1987 Constitution]
Art. III, Sec. 4

2. Statutory
Art. [263] 278 (b)
● Ilaw at Buklod ng Manggagawa v. NLRC, 198 SCRA 586
[G.R. No. 91980, June 27, 1991]
● BLTB v. NLRC, 212 SCA 792
[G.R. No. 101858, Aug. 21, 1992]
● Ass. of Independent Unions in the Philippines v. NLRC, 303 SCRA 219
[G.R. No. 120505, March 25, 1999]

3. Limitations
● Bisig ng Manggagawa v. NLRC, 226 SCRA 499
[G.R. No. 105090, Sept. 16, 1993]
● BLTB Bus Co. v. NLRC, 212 SCRA 792
[G.R. No. 101858, Aug. 21, 1992]
● Great Pacific Life Employees v. Great Pacific Life, 303 SCRA 113
[G.R. No. 126717, Feb. 11, 1999]

B. STRIKE ACTIVITY

1. Definition
Art. [212] 219 (o)
● Interphil Laboratories Employees Union-FFW v. Interphil Laboratories, 372
SCRA 658
[G.R. No. 142824, Dec. 19, 2001]
● Enriquez v. Zamora, 146 SCRA 393
[G.R. No. L-51382, Dec. 29, 1986]
● Phil. Blooming Mills Inc. v. PBM Employees Org., 51 SCRA 189
[G.R. No. L-31195, June 5, 1973]
● Lapanday Workers Union v. NLRC, 248 SCRA 95
[G.R. No. 95494-97, Sept. 7, 1995]

41
2. Nature and Purpose
● Lapanday Workers Union v. NLRC, 248 SCRA 95
[G.R. No. 95494-97, Sept. 7, 1995]

3. Regulation Use
● Lapanday Workers Union v. NLRC, 248 SCRA 95
[G.R. No. 95494-97, Sept. 7, 1995]

4. Effect on Work Relationship

Art. [212] 219 (o)
● Elizalde Rope Factory v. SSS, 4 SCRA 512
[G.R. No. L-15163, Feb. 28, 1962]
● BLT Bus Co. v. NLRC, 212 SCRA 792
[G.R. No. 101858, Aug. 21, 1992]
● PT & T Corp. v. NLRC, 251 SCRA 21
[G.R. No. 109281, Dec. 7, 1995]

5. Types of ULP, Changes and Conversion

a. Unfair Labor Practice Type
Art. [263] 278 (c)
● Shell Oil Workers Union v. Shell Co. Phils., 39 SCRA 276
[G.R. No. L-28607, May 31, 1971]

b. Bargaining Deadlock Type

Art. [263] 278 (c)
● Consolidated Labor Assn. of the Phil. v. Marsman and Co., 11
SCRA 589
[G.R. No. L-17038, July 31, 1964]

c. Change in Type
● Consolidated Labor Assn. of the Phil. v. Marsman and Co., 11
SCRA 589
[G.R. No. L-17038, July 31, 1964]

d. Non-Conversion -- Strike to Lockout

● Rizal Cement Workers Union v. CIR, 6 SCRA 841
[G.R. No. L-18442, Nov. 30, 1962]

6. Grounds
a. Allowable Strikes

42
 Art. [263] 278 (c)
BVRXXIIS5

b. Prohibited Strikes
Art. [263] 278 (b), (g)
Art. [264] 279 (a)
Art. [265] 280 Improved Offer Balloting
BVRXXII Sec 5
● Ilaw at Buklod ng Manggagawa v. NLRC, 198 SCRA 586
[G.R. No. 91980, June 27, 1991]

c. No Strike Clause
● Panay Electric Co. Inc. v. NLRC, 248 SCRA 688
[G.R. No. 102672, Oct. 4, 1995]
● Malayang Samahan ng mga Manggagawa sa Greenfield v. Ramos,
326 SCRA 428
[G.R. No. 113907, Feb. 28, 2000]

7. Striking Party
BVRXXII Sec. 6

8. Procedural Requirements
a. Effort to Bargain
Art. [264] 279 (a)
Art. [250] 261
Art. [251] 262
Art. [252] 263
Art. [253] 264

b. Filing of Notice of Intention

Art. [263] 278 (c), (d), (e)
Art. [264] 279 (a)
BVRXXIIS7

c. Observance of Cooling Period

Art. [263] 278 (c), (e)
BVRXXII S7 &11

d. Vote, Conduct of and Period of Validity

Art. [263] 278 (f)
Art. [264] 279 (a)

43
 BVRXXII S12
● Samahang Manggagawa sa Sulpicio Lines v. Sulpicio Lines, 426
SCRA 379
[G.R. No. 140992, March 25, 2004]
● Lapanday Workers Union v. NLRC, 248 SCRA 95
[G.R. No. 95494-97, Sept. 7, 1995]
● Capitol Medical Center v. NLRC, 457 SCRA 235
[G.R. No. 147080, April 26, 2005]

9. Tests of Legality
a. Legal Strikes Purpose and Means Test
● Luzon Marine Dept. Union v. Roldan, 86 Phil 507
[G.R No. L-2660, May 30, 1950]
● Phil. Marine Officers Guild v. Cia. Maritima, 22 SCRA 1113
[G.R No. L-20662-63, March 19, 1968]
● Union of Filipro Employees v. Nestle Phils. Inc., 192 SCRA 396
[G.R No. 88710-13, Dec. 19, 1990]
● Reliance Surety and Insurance Co. v. NLRC, 193 SCRA 365
[G.R. No. 86917-18, Jan. 25, 1991]
● Ilaw at Buklod ng Manggagawa v. NLRC, 198 SCRA 586
[G.R No. 91980, June 27, 1991]

b. Guidelines and Balancing of Interest

● Shell Oil Workers Union v. Shell Co. Phils., 39 SCRA 276
[G.R. No. L-28607, May 31, 1971]
● Almira v. BF Goodrich Phils. Inc., 58 SCRA 120
[G.R No. L-34974, July 25, 1974

10. Defenses - Good Faith in ULP Strikes

● Master Iron Labor Union v. NLRC, 210 SCRA 47
[G.R No. 92009, Feb. 17, 1993]
● Nat’l Union of Workers, Hotels, Restaurants, and Allied Industries v.
NLRC, 287 SCRA 192
[G.R No. 125561, March 6, 1998]
● Samahang ng Manggagawa sa Sulpicio Lines, Inc. v. NAFLU v. Sulpicio
Lines, 426 SCRA 379
[G.R No. 140992, March 25, 2004]
● Hotel Enterprises of the Philippines Inc. (HEPI) v. Samahang
Manggagawa sa Hyatt - National Union of Workers in Hotel, Restaurant
Industries, 588 SCRA 497
[G.R No. 165756, June 5, 2009]

44
11. Illegal Strikes
a. Basis - Illegality
Art. [263] 278 (a) (b) (c)
Art. [264] 279 (a)
Art. [265] 280
● Victoria v. Inciong, 157 SCRA 339
[G.R No. L-49046, Jan. 26, 1988]
● Reliance Surety and Insurance Co. Inc., v. NLRC, 193 SCRA 365
[G.R No. 86917-18, Jan. 25, 1991]
● Federation of Free Workers v. Inciong, 208 SCRA 157
[G.R No. 49983, April 20, 1992]
● Panay Electric Co. v. NLRC, 248 SCRA 688
[G.R No. 102672, Oct. 4, 1995]
● Gold City Integrated Port Service Inc. v. NLRC, 245 SCRA 627
[G.R No. 103560, July 6, 1995]
● Int’l Container Terminal Services, Inc. v. NLRC, 256 SCRA 124
[G.R No. 98295, April 10, 1996]
● Allied Banking Corp. v. NLRC, 258 SCRA 724
[G.R No. 116128, July 12, 1996]
● Jackbilt Industries v. Jackbilt Employees Workers Union - NAFLU-
KMU, 581 SCRA 291
[G.R No. 171618-19, March 13, 2009]

b. Effect of Illegality
Art. [264] 279 (a)
● Diwa ng Pagkakaisa v. Filtex Int’l Corp., 43 SCRA 217
[G.R No. L-23960-61, Feb 12, 1972]
● Almira v. BF Goodrich Phils. Inc., 58 SCRA 120
[G.R No. L-34974, July 25, 1974]
● Maria Cristina Fertilizer Plant Employees Assn. v. Tandayag, 83
SCRA 56
[G.R No. L-29217, May 11, 1978]
[See also dissenting opinion]
● Pepsi Cola Labor Union v. NLRC, 114 SCRA 930
[G.R No. L-58341, June 29, 1982]
● Bacus v. Ople, 132 SCRA 690
[G.R No. L-56856, Oct. 23, 1984]
● Union of Filipro Employees v. Nestle Phils. Inc., 192 SCRA 396
[G.R No. 88710-13, Dec 19, 1990]
● Reliance Surety and Insurance Co. Inc. v. NLRC, 193 SCRA 365

45
 [G.R No. 86917-18, Jan. 25, 1991]
● Lapanday Workers Union v. NLRC, 248 SCRA 95
[G.R No. 95494-97, Sept. 7, 1995]
● First City Interlink Transport Co. Inc. v. Confessor, 272 SCRA 124
[G.R No. 106316, May 5, 1997]
● PALEA v. Drilon, 193 SCRA 223
[G.R No. 88210, Jan. 23, 1991]
● Club Filipino Inc. v. Bautista, 592 SCRA 471
[G.R No. 168406, July 13, 2009]

c. Employment of Strike Breakers

Art. [264] 279 (b) (c)
Art. [212] 219 (r)

d. Run-Away Shop
● Complex Electronics Employees v. NLRC, 310 SCRA 403
[G.R No. 121315, July 19, 1999]

e. Burden of Economic Loss

● Cromwell Commercial Employees and Laborers Union v. CIR, 12
SCRA 124
[G.R No. L-19778, Sept. 30, 1964]
● SSS v. SSS Supervisors Union, 117 SCRA 746
[G.R No. L-31832, Oct. 23, 1982]
● Phil. Interfashion Inc. v. NLRC, 117 SCRA 659
[G.R No. L-59847, Oct. 18, 1992]

f. Improved Offer Balloting and Strikes

Art. [265] 280

C. SLOW DOWN AS CONCERNED ACTIVITY

● Ilaw at Buklod ng Manggagawa v. NLRC, 198 SCRA 568
[G.R. No. 91980, June 27, 1991]
● Interphil Laboratories Employees v. Interphil, 372 SCRA 658
[G.R. No. 142824, Dec. 19, 2001]

D. PICKETING
Art. [263] 278 (b)

46
1. Nature and Purpose of Picket Line
● The Insular Life Assurance Employees Assn. v. Insular Life Assurance Co.
Ltd, 37 SCRA 244
[G.R. No. L-25291, Jan. 30, 1971]
● Security Bank Employees v. Security Bank and Trust Co., 23 SCRA 503
[G.R. No. L-28536, April 30, 1968]
● Phil. Assn. of Free Labor Unions v. Cloribel, 27 SCRA 465
[G.R. No. L-25878, March 28, 1969]
● Nestle Phils. Inc., v. Sanchez, 154 SCRA 542
[G.R. No. L-75209, Sept. 30, 1987]

2. Picketing Libel Laws

● Phil. Commercial and Industrial Bank v. Philnabank Employees Assn., 105
SCRA 314
[G.R. No. L-29630, July 2, 1981]

3. Curtailment
● Free Telephone Workers Union v. PLDT Co., 113 SCRA 662
[G.R. No. L-24827, April 27, 1982]
● Nagkakaisang Manggagawa sa Cuizon Hotel v. Libron, 124 SCRA 448
[G.R. No. L-64336, Aug. 31, 1983]

4. Restrictions, Innocent Third Party Rule and Liabilities

● Liwayway Publishing Co. Inc., v. Permanent Concrete Workers Union, 108
SCRA 161
[G.R. No. L-25003, Oct. 23, 1981]

5. Prohibited Activities - Peaceful Picketing

Art. [264] 279 (b)
BVRXXII S13

E. ROLE OF PEACE OFFICERS DURING STRIKES AN PICKETING

1. Escorting
Art. [264] 279 (d)

2. Arrest and Detention of Law Violators

Art. [266] 281

47
 PART TEN - EMPLOYER LOCKOUT OR COUNTER MEASURE TO UNION
CONCERTED ACTIVITY

A. BASIS, LIMITATION, AND DEFINITION

Art. [263] 278 (b)
Art. [212] 219 (p)

1. Effect on Work Relationship

Art. [212] 219 (p)

2. Ground for Lockout

Art. [263] 278 (c)
BVRXXII S5

3. Prohibited Lockout
Art. [263] 278 (b) (g)

B. PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS
Art. [264] 279 (a) (c) (d)
Art. [263] 278 (e) (f)
BVRXXII S6,7,8,10,11,12
● Philtread Tire and Rubber Corporation v. NLRC, 218 SCRA 805
[G.R. No. 102185, Feb. 15, 1993]

1. Vote, Conduct of, and Period of Validity

Art. [263] 278 (f)
Art. [264] 279 (a)
BVRXXII S10

C. EFFECT OF ILLEGAL LOCKOUT

Art. [264] 279 (a)

PART ELEVEN - LABOR INJUNCTION

A. DEFINITION AND NATURE

● PAL v. NLRC, 287 SCRA 672
[G.R. No. 120567, March 20, 1998]

1. General Rule - Prohibition

48
 Art. [254] 266
Art. [218] 225
● Caltex Filipino Managers and Supervisors Assn. v. CIR, 44 SCRA 350
[G.R. No. L-30632-33, April 11, 1972]
● HSBC v. NLRC, 370 SCRA 193
[G.R. No. L113541, Nov. 22, 2001]

2. Exceptions - When Injunction is Allowed

Art. [254] 266
Art. [218] 225 (e)
Art. [264] 279
● Ilaw at Buklod ng Manggagawa v. NLRC, 198 SCRA 586
[G.R. No. 91980, June 27, 1991]

3. Issuing Agency
NLRC
Art. [218] 225 (e)

4. Role of the Labor Arbiter

BVRXXII Sec. 14
Rule IX, NLRC Rules
● Nat’l Mines and Allied Workers Union v. Vera, 133 SCRA 259
[G.R. No. L-44230, Nov. 19, 1984]
● Nestle Phils. Inc., v. NLRC, 195 SCRA 340
[G.R. No. 85197, March 18, 1991]

B. PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS AND RULES FOR THE ISSUANCE OF

LABOR INJUNCTIONS
Art. [218] 225 (e)
BVRXXIIS14
● Ilaw at Buklod ng Manggagawa v. NLRC, 198 SCRA 586
[G.R. No. 91980, June 27, 1991]
● Bisig ng Manggagawa v. NLRC, 226 SCRA 499
[G.R. No. 105090, Sept. 16, 1993]

1. Temporary Restraining Order

● Dinio v. Laguesma, 273 SCRA 109
[G.R. No. 108475, June 9, 1997]

49
PART TWELVE - ALTERNATIVES TO USE OF ECONOMIC FORCE, CONCILIATION
AND ARBITRATION AS MODES OF LABOR DISPUTE SETTLEMENT

NOTE: At this point, it is important to review the respective jurisdictions and responsibilities of
the NLRC [LC Art. 220 (as amended by RA 10741), 224, 225, 226, 233]; BLR [LC Arts. 232,
235, 237, 238, 242, 243, 245, 252, 270], NCMB [LC Arts. 234, 269, E.O. 126, NCMB Manual of
Procedures].

A. CONCILIATION

Policy
Art. [211] 218 (e). BVRXXII S1&2

1. Conciliation - As Part of the Collective Bargaining Process

Art. [233] 239 Privileged Communication
Art. [250] 261 (c) (d) (e), Art. [263] 277 (e)
Art. [261] 274

2. Conciliation Agency - National Conciliation and Mediation Board

Rule XXII

B. ARBITRATION

1. Compulsory Arbitration

a. Definition and Nature of Dispute Subject to Compulsory Arbitration

Art. [263] 278 (g)
● Caltex Refinery Employees Assn. v Brillantes, 279 SCRA 218
[G.R. No. 123782, Sept. 16, 1997]
● PAL v NLRC, 180 SCRA 555
[G.R. No. 55159, Dec. 22, 1989]
● GTE Directors Corp. v GTE Directors Corp. Employees Union,
197 SCRA 452
[G.R. No. 76219, May 27, 1991]

b. Rationale - Compulsory Arbitration

● National Federation of Labor v MOLE, 124 SCRA 612
[G.R. No. L-64183, Sept. 15, 1983]
● Manila Cordage Co. v CIR, 37 SCRA 288
[G.R. No. L-25943, Jan. 30, 1971]

50
 ● Government Insurance System v GSIS Employees Association,
157 SCRA 236
[G.R. No. L-34893, Jan. 22, 1988]

2. Process Initiation - Certification of Dispute

a. Initiating Party

b. Secretary DOLE
Art [263] 278 (g)

c. President
Art [263] 278 (g)
● Union of Filipino Employees v Nestle Phils., 192 SCRA 396
[G.R. Nos. 88710-13, Dec. 19, 1990]

d. Office of the President

Art. [263] 278 (g)
● Feati University v Feati University Faculty Club, 18 SCRA 1191
[G.R. No. L-21278, Dec. 27 1966]
● Manila Cordage Co. v CIR, 37 SCRA 288
[G.R. No. L-25943, Jan. 30, 1971]

e. Arbitration Agencies
Art. [263] 278 (g)
● St. Scholastica’s College v Torres, 210 SCRA 565
[G.R. No. 100158, June 29, 1992]
● Union of Filipino Employees v Nestle Phils., 192 SCRA 396
[G.R. Nos. 88710-13, Dec. 19, 1990]

f. Effect of Certification and Violations of Order

Art. [263] 278 (g)
● Telefunken v Court of Appeals, 348 SCRA 565
[G.R. Nos. 143013-14, Dec. 18, 2000]
● Sarmiento v Tuico / Asian Transmission Corp. v NLRC, 162 SCRA
676
[G.R. Nos. L-75271-73, June 27, 1988]
● Baguio Colleges Foundation v NLRC, 222 SCRA 604
[G.R. No. 98043, May 26, 1993]

51
 ● Philtread, et al v NLRC, 218 SCRA 805
[G.R. No. 102185, Feb 15, 1993]
● PAL v Brillantes, 280 SCRA 515
[G.R. No. 11936, Oct. 10, 1997]
● Maranaw Hotels v Court of Appeals, 215 SCRA 501
[G.R. No. 103215, Nov. 6, 1992]
● San Juan de Dios Educational Foundation Employees Union - AFW
v San Juan de Dios Educational Foundation, 430 SCRA 193
[G.R. No. 143341, May 28, 2004]

g. Awards and Orders

Art [263 (I)] 278 (i)
● National Federation of Labor v MOLE, 124 SCRA 612
[G.R. No. L-64183, Sept. 15, 1983]
● Gelmart Industries Phils., Inc. v Leogardo, 155 SCRA 403
[G.R. No. 70544, Nov. 5, 1987]
● Manila Central Line Corp. v Manila Central Line Free Workers
Union,
290 SCRA 690 [G.R. No. 109383, June 15, 1998]
● Caltex Refinery Employees Assn. v Brillantes, 279 SCRA 218
[G.R. No. 123782, Sept. 16, 1997]
● MERALCO v Quisumbing, 326 SCRA 172
[G.R. No. 127598, Feb. 22, 2000]

h. Option - Submit Case to Voluntary Arbitration After Certification

Art. [263] 278 (h)

3. Compulsory Arbitration and Labor Rights

● United CMC Textiles Workers Union v. Clave, 115 SCRA 894
[G.R. No. L-52720, Aug. 19, 1982]
● Free Telephone Workers Union v. MOLE, 108 SVRA 757
[G.R. No. 58184, Oct. 30, 1981]

Ability to Pay
● Caltex Refinery Employees Association v. Brillantes, 279 SCRA 218
[G.R. No. 123782, Sept. 16, 1997]

52
C. VOLUNTARY ARBITRATION

1. Defined
● Luzon Development Bank v. Assn. of Development Bank Employees, 249
SCRA 162
[G.R. No. 120319, Oct. 6, 1995]

2. Basis for Voluntary Arbitration and Rationale

Art. XIII, Sec. 3, 1987 Constitution
Art. [211] 218 (a)
● United CMC Textiles Workers Union v. Clave, 115 SCRA 894
[G.R. No. L-52720, Aug. 19, 1982]
● Chung Fu v. Court of Appeals, 206 SCRA 545
[G.R. No.96283, Feb. 25, 1992]

3. Establishing Machinery Dispute Settlement - CBA and Time Frame

Art. [260] 273 Grievance Machinery and Voluntary Arbitration

4. Arbitrable Issues
Art. [261] 274
Art. [262] 275 Jurisdiction Over Labor Disputes
● Eternity Employees Workers Union v. Voluntary Arbitration 189 SCRA 752
[G.R. No. 50110, Sept. 21, 1990]

5. Arbitrator
a. Selection
Art. [260] 273
● Manila Central Line Corp. v. Manila Central Line Free Workers
Union, 290 SCRA 690
[G.R. No. 109383, June 15, 1998]

b. Jurisdiction
Art. [261] 274
Art. [262] 275

c. Procedures
Art. [262-A] 276

53
6. Nature of Office and Function
Art. [260] 273
● Oceanic Bic Division (FFW) v. Romero, 130 SCRA 392
[G.R. No. L-43890, July 16, 1984]

7. Awards and Orders

Art. [262-A] 276
● Volkschel Labor Union v. NLRC, 98 SCRA 314
[G.R. No. L-39686, June 25, 1980]
● Citibank Philippines Employees Union-NATU v. Ministry of Labor, 97
SCRA 52
[G.R. No. 50184, April 11, 1980]

a. Finality and Execution of Awards

Art. [262] 275
BVRXXII Sec. 4
● Mantrade/FMMC Division Employees and Workers Union v.
Bacunag, 144 SCRA 510
[G.R. No. L-48437, Sept. 30, 1986]
● PLDT v. Voluntary Arbitration, 190 SCRA 424
[G.R. No. 88626, Oct. 12, 1990]

b. Costs
Art. [262-B] 277 Costs of Voluntary Arbitration and Voluntary Arbitrator’s
Fee

54
 LABOR RELATIONS LAW - PUBLIC SECTOR

I. Rights to Organize
A. Constitution
Art. III, Sec. 8
Art. XIII, Sec. 3
Art. IX-B, Sec. 2(5)

● Social Security System Employees Assn. v. Court of Appeals, 175 SCRA

686
[G.R. No. 85279, July 28, 1989]
● Rep. of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, 180 SCRA 428
[G.R. No. 87676, Dec. 20, 1989]
● Manila Public School Teachers Assn. v. Laguio, 200 SCRA 323
[G.R. No. 95445, Aug. 6, 1991]
● Jacinto v. Court of Appeals, 281 SCRA 657
[G.R. No. 124540, Nov. 14, 1997]

55