Lower Extremity Assessment & Performance

Name: Sonia Azad Date: 1/22/18

 Thank you for participating in the LEAP Evaluation!
Lower extremity injuries are common among young active individuals. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)
is the most common disorder of the knee.1 PFPS results from alterations in strength and control of the lower
extremity during activity. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are also a very common injury among
young athletes and it is estimated that 250,000 occur each year in the US.2 Again, a large number of PFPS
and ACL injuries have been shown to occur due to alterations in range of motion, strength, and
neuromuscular control during activity.3

The LEAP evaluation you completed is based on the principle of identifying alterations in range of motion,
strength, and movement patterns in an attempt to decrease your injury risk. The ability to identify these
deficits is the first step to reducing an athlete’s potential risk of injury.

If you have any questions regarding your LEAP evaluation results, please contact:

Angel Grondin, MS, CCRP Joe Hannon, PT, DPT, SCS, CSCS
Clinical Research Coordinator Sports Therapy Supervisor l Research Physical Therapist
angellyngrondin@texashealth.org josephhannon@texashealth.org
(817) 433-8207 (817) 433-8206

References:
1. Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Di Stasi, S. L., Foss, K. D. B., Micheli, L. J., & Hewett, T. E. (2015). High knee abduction moments are common risk factors for
patellofemoral pain (PFP) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in girls: Is PFP itself a predictor for subsequent ACL injury?. British journal of
sports medicine, 49(2), 118-122.
2. Griffin, L. Y., Albohm, M. J., Arendt, E. A., Bahr, R., Beynnon, B. D., DeMaio, M., ... & Yu, B. (2006). Understanding and Preventing Noncontact
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries A Review of the Hunt Valley II Meeting, January 2005. The American journal of sports medicine, 34(9), 1512-1532.
3. Pappas, E., Shiyko, M. P., Ford, K. R., Myer, G. D., & Hewett, T. E. (2015). Biomechanical Deficit Profiles Associated with ACL Injury Risk in Female
Athletes. Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

Expert’s landing technique Your landing technique
Initial contact
November, 2015
Movement pattern
Initial contact
Errors at initial contact
Front view
x Trunk is shifted

 Hip is shifted to one side
x Knee is not aligned to the

center of the foot
 Toes do not face forward
 Landed heels first
 Landed one side before the
other

Maximal knee flexion Maximal knee flexion

Errors at maximal knee flexion
Front view
 Trunk is shifted
x Hip is shifted to one side

 Knee is not aligned to the
center of the foot
x Toes do not face forward

 November, 2015
Movement Patterns
Jump landing tests provide information about how your body moves. Ground reaction force measures how much force each
leg is receiving when you land. The symmetry index describes the difference between your right and left side which should be
between 95-100%. Knee flexion angle measures how much your knees bend. Knee collapse measures how much your knee
moves inward and outward. Large differences in these between your right and left side indicates a risk of injury. Displacement
shows the total knee movement from the time you landed the jump until the deepest point in your squat.

Ground Reaction Force

Right Side Left Side Symmetry Index
Jump Landing 1178.00 773.00 65.62
Knee Movement
Initial Contact Max Knee Flexion Displacement
Right Side Left Side Right Side Left Side Right Side Left Side
Knee Flexion 5.84 11.48 81.95 83.92 76.11 72.44
Knee Collapse -3.60 -2.96 -12.99 -2.60 -9.39 0.36

Ground Reaction Force - Symmetry Index

Jump
Landing

50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00
 November, 2015

Loading pattern during Jump Landing

Left Right

Peak GRF
Involved = 773 N
Uninvolved = 1178 N
Symmetry index = 0.66
Target = 0.90 – 1.10

Expert’s landing technique Your landing technique
Initial contact
January 22, 2018
Movement pattern
Initial contact
Errors at initial contact
Front view
 Trunk is shifted
 Hip is shifted to one side
x Knee is not aligned to the

center of the foot (Left only)
 Toes do not face forward
 Landed heels first
 Landed one side before the
other

Maximal knee flexion Maximal knee flexion

Errors at maximal knee flexion
Front view
 Trunk is shifted
x Hip is shifted to one side

 Knee is not aligned to the
center of the foot
 Toes do not face forward
 November, 2015
Movement Patterns
Jump landing tests provide information about how your body moves. Ground reaction force measures how much force each
leg is receiving when you land. The symmetry index describes the difference between your right and left side which should be
between 95-100%. Knee flexion angle measures how much your knees bend. Knee collapse measures how much your knee
moves inward and outward. Large differences in these between your right and left side indicates a risk of injury. Displacement
shows the total knee movement from the time you landed the jump until the deepest point in your squat.

Ground Reaction Force

Right Side Left Side Symmetry Index
Jump Landing 1136.00 1173.00 96.85
Knee Movement
Initial Contact Max Knee Flexion Displacement
Right Side Left Side Right Side Left Side Right Side Left Side
Knee Flexion 9.79 15.99 94.45 95.33 84.66 79.34
Knee Collapse -5.68 -3.91 -10.10 -3.53 -4.42 0.38

Ground Reaction Force - Symmetry Index

Jump
Landing

50.00 55.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00
 January 22, 2018

Loading pattern during Jump Landing

Left Right

Peak GRF
Right = 1136N
Uninvolved = 1173 N
Symmetry index = 0.97
Target = 0.90 – 1.10