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TOPIC
Environmental Quality
CRITERIA GROUP
Effects on the Global and Local Environment
RELEVANCE FACTOR
7
SHARE OF TOTAL SCORE
7.9%
© DGNB GmbH
Environmental Quality Page 2 of 66
ENV1.1 LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Buildings generate emissions in all phases of their life cycle, from manufacture through use up to their end
of life. These emissions travel into the air, the water, and the soil where they cause a range of environmen-
tal issues. These include global warming, depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, summer smog, dying
forest trees and fresh water fish, and the eutrophication of water and soils. The objective is therefore to
reduce buildings’ emissions throughout their entire life cycle as much as possible.
Additional explanation
The individual potential effects of emissions from the built environment can be calculated in terms of indica-
tor substances derived from recognised environmental models. The environmental issues mentioned above
are addressed with the following indicators:
concentrations is also called “summer smog”. It attacks respiratory organs and damages plants and ani-
mals. The concentration of ozone close to the ground is regularly monitored by air measurement stations
and tracked in pollution records.
METHOD
A life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted to evaluate a building’s performance in terms of criterion
ENV1.1 "Life cycle assessment – environmental impacts caused by emissions". This assessment takes the
building’s use into consideration (office building, commercial building, school, etc.) in establishing and eval-
uating the building’s environmental quality, and it compares the result with values for other reference build-
ings. The gathering of data on which the assessment is based must be recorded and presented for results
to be fully checked and unequivocally confirmed. The comparative evaluation provides a benchmarked
evaluation of the building’s ecological quality. The building LCA should be conducted as early as the plan-
ning phase if possible. It can also serve as an important instrument for improving the ecological quality of
the building.
In future, indicators such as abiotic consumption of resources, consumption of water and land will also be
established in criterion ENV1.1. However, the corresponding data or evaluation base is yet to be developed.
The calculation of the building LCA is based on the Life Cycle Energy Modelling (LCEM). The method is
described below:
- data requirements
- reporting and documenting results
General description of the method
- actual building
- reference building
Use specific description of the method
- actual building
- reference building
- limit value and target value calculation
The scope of the LCA includes the environmental impacts of production, use and end-of life phases. Exter-
nal works are not included. During the project’s design phase, the assessment can inform decision making
processes by allowing the environmental performance of different design options to be compared and op-
portunities to improve environmental performance throughout the life cycle to be identified.
The building to be evaluated must be described in terms of its material and time-dependent qualities. In
addition a clear description of the technical and functional properties of the building, the building type and
use (e. g. number of users) must be recorded in a documentation data sheet. Details about this documenta-
tion are explained in more detail under the point "DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED". The description of the
building to be evaluated represents the functional equivalent for the evaluation.
Reference period
The reference period is set down specifically for each DGNB scheme (e.g. 50 years for new offices). If the
anticipated period of use of the building examined is less than or greater than this period, the calculation of
the results can be modified accordingly. However, it must be taken into account that certain processes are
always considered equally, even for a period of use which deviates from the standard (e. g. manufacture,
demolition, etc.) Within the framework of DGNB certification the specified reference period must always be
applied in order to allow reference values to be compared.
System boundaries
The building is considered without external works. The system boundaries include (see also the following
table and APPENDIX 6):
production: manufacture of components used in the building, including supply and transport of raw
materials to product manufacturer (Modules A1 – A3)
use: maintenance and scheduled replacement of components including their production and end-
of-life. Operational energy use scenario. (Modules B1 – B4 and Module B6)
building energy demand throughout the reference period
end-of-life scenario: processing and disposing of waste (Modules C3 and C4)
potential benefits and detriments beyond the system boundaries including opportunities for re-
use/recycling and energy recovery (Module D)
This corresponds to modules A1 to A3, modules B1 and B4, modules C3 and C4 and module D according
to CEN/TC 350/WG1 N410/prEN 15804. For more details see also APPENDIX 6. Additional general rules:
TABLE 1
BENEFITS AND
MANUFACTURING CONSTRUC- STRESSES OUT-
USE PHASE END OF THE LIFE CYCLE
PHASE TION PHASE SIDE THE SYS-
TEM LIMIT
Removal / demolition
Waste processing
Modernisation
and recycling
Maintenance
Production
Exchange
Transport
Transport
Transport
operation
operation
Disposal
Repair
Use
MODULES IN ACCORD-
ANCE W ITH
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
CEN/TC350/W G1
N410/PREN 15804
1) Only includes the manufacture and disposal of the exchanged product and not the exchange process itself (in line with building process).
2) Maintenance processes are shown incompletely as water consumption in ENV2.2. Not included in building life cycle assessment.
3) Water consumption of the building is shown in ENV2.2. Not included in building life cycle assessment.
The following aspects are not included in the system boundaries or in the evaluation:
construction phase including transport to site and assembly (Modules A4 and A5)
use of electrical equipment (socket loads) and building components during reference period (Mod-
ule B1) (effects from health relevant emissions in the interior and environment are assigned to the
criteria ENV1.2 and SOC1.2)
operational water use (see criterion ENV2.2) during reference study period (Module B7)
unscheduled repairs and replacements during the reference period (Module B3)
refurbishments during reference period (Module B5)
disassembly and demolition (Module C1)
transport to recycling plant/re-use or disposal facility (Module C2)
building components (all building elements, structural parts, building products, building materials)
associated processes such as maintenance, exchange and end of life processes and re-use, recy-
cling and energy retrieval
energy use in operation
The corresponding LCA indicator values must be established and presented individually for the building
model. In principle it is possible to use either a simplified arithmetical technique to create the building model
which allows for simplifications in recording the components of the building, or a detailed arithmetical pro-
cess including the recording of all components and their associated processes.
LCA of building components (manufacturing and construction phase). Methodological rules and da-
ta requirements are described in APPENDIX 6.
LCEM of building’s energy demand in use (use phase).
A whole building analysis is conducted using local climate data. A reference building method is used to
evaluate the building’s environmental performance.
Five out of a maximum of ten points are awarded if the proposed building’s environmental impact is equal to
that of the reference building. More points will be awarded if the environmental impact of the proposed build-
ing is less than that of the reference building. In order to achieve a minimum of 1 point, the building’s envi-
ronmental impact must meet the minimum legal requirements.
Requirements and details for LCA and energy modelling are listed in APPENDICES 1 and 5.
Data requirements
Data for the building life cycle assessment
In general, specific and verified LCA data (i.e. Environmental Product Declaration, EPD) is more precise
than generic LCA data. The DGNB provides DGNB Auditors and Consultants with access to the following
LCA databases which include both generic and specific data:
These databases are suited to the scope and purpose of the LCA calculations. They are consistent in their
methodology and provide the required results for each indicator. The methodological consistency, conformi-
ty and completeness of specific data from other sources must be verified by independent external experts.
These requirements are fulfilled by EPD type III declarations according to ISO 14025 and prEN 15804.
Generic, data which has not been independently verified must be factored in with an additional 10 % sup-
plement in order to take account of possible deviations.
As a general rule, preference should be given to datasets which most precisely reflect the item in question
(materials, end-of-life scenario, energy supply, etc.) in terms of technical relevance and assessment date,
e.g. generic datasets for design phase assessment, product-specific EPD for final documentation.
Where EPDs are used, the LCA data must fulfil the prEN15804requirements. The cut-off rules for LCA da-
tasets must comply with prEN15804 and/or with the methodological standards set by ESUCO database.
Note:
DGNB Auditors and Consultants should consult with DGNB if no adequate LCA data sets are available.
exceeding > 12 metres is based on their gross volume in cubic metres (m³). The gross volume must be
calculated according to EN ISO 9836:2011.
The evaluation includes a simultaneous optimisation of emissions from construction and operation through-
out the life cycle. Environmental impacts are quantified in relation to the net floor area NFA excluding circu-
lation space in underground car parks and per annum [kg environmental effect-equivalent / m2NFAa*a]. The
building’s average annual values are compared to the values for the reference building. The lower the val-
ues of the emissions equivalents are, the lower the potential environmental impacts. The calculation de-
scribed below is to be carried out for each environmental impact indicator in turn.
Actual building
The actual building’s environmental impacts are expressed as a common parameter in terms of an envi-
ronmental impact potential (EIP) as an annual average over the reference period applied:
whereby
EIPt sum total of environmental impact of the building construction (C) and operation (O)
in [kg impact-equiv./(m2NFAa*a)]
EIPC annual average environmental impact of the construction, maintenance, disassembly, and
disposal of the building and building services throughout the reference period td
in [kg impact-equiv./(m2NFAa*a)]
EIPO predicted annual environmental impact of the building in use as built, based on the final energy
demand of the building and building services according to the LCEM
in [kg impact-equiv./(m2NFAa*a)]
The annual average environmental impact of the construction phase EIPC is calculated as follows:
EIPC = (P + E) / td + R (2)
whereby
P predicted value of the environmental impact of the building’s construction (structure and building
systems)
in [kg impact-equiv./(m2NFAa)]
E predicted value of the environmental impact of the building’s end-of-life (structure and building
systems)
in [kg impact-equiv./(m2NFAa)]
components (structure and building systems) at the end of their respective service lives during the
reference period
in [kg impact-equiv./(m2NFAa *a)]
The annual average environmental impact of the building in use EIPO is calculated as follows:
whereby
EIPOEl the environmental impact of electricity demand in use, calculated in compliance with the LCEM
and multiplied by the EIP factor from ESUCO (or other LCA) data source (see Table 1)
in [kg impact-equiv./( m2NFAa*a)]
EIPOH the environmental impact of heating demand in use, according to the LCEM and multiplied by
the EIP factor from ESUCO or other LCA data source, if available (see “Reference building” be-
low)
in [kg impact-equiv./( m2NFAa*a)]
Reference building
The reference value (50 points) for each indicator (EIPTref) is generally derived from:
a fixed proportion for the construction related value of the emission related environmental im-
pacts for manufacture, maintenance and removal / disposal, and
a variable proportion for the use related value of the emission related environmental impacts to
the amount of the reference building used as a basis in the LCEM. The variable proportion is calcu-
lated from the electricity and heat requirement established according to the LCEM (end energy),
multiplied by defined factors:
– The environmental impact factors for the reference building’s electricity demand Elref are
derived from ESUCO or other LCA databases for the relevant countries (e.g. Chinese fac-
tors from CHISUCO, Spanish factors from ESUCO, etc.).
– The environmental impact factors of fuel used to meet the reference building’s annual heat-
ing demand Href (end energy) must be locally defined. This may require detailed research
by the Auditor. For example, in Germany these factors are derived from statistical studies of
real projects, based on the assumption that thermal energy mix comprises 25 % gas-NT (low
temperature), 25 % oil-NT (low temperature), 25 % gas energy value and 25 % oil energy
value generation.
whereby
EIPTref total sum of environmental impact of reference building construction (C) and operation (O)
in [kg impact-equiv./(m2NFAa*a)]
EIPCref annual average environmental impact of the construction, maintenance, disassembly, and
disposal of the building and building services throughout the reference period td
in [kg impact-equiv./(m2NFAa*a)]
EIPOref annual environmental impact of the reference building in use, based on the final energy demand
of the building and building services based on the Life Cycle Energy modelling and ESUCO or
other LCA database (see APPENDICES 1 and 5)
in [kg impact-equiv./(m2NFAa*a)]
The values EIPCref result with the help of parameters gained from statistical inquiries for manufacture, end-
of-life and maintenance (reference values for EIPCref can be found in Table 1).
The reference value for the environmental impact of the building EIPOref in use is calculated as follows:
whereby
EIPOElref Environmental impact for electricity demand of the reference building, calculated in compliance
with the LCEM and multiplied by the ESUCO (or other LCA database) environmental impact fac-
tor
in [kg impact-equiv./( m2NFAa*a)]
EIPOHref Environmental impact of fuel used to meet the reference building’s annual heating demand (end
energy), according to the LCEM and multiplied by the ESUCO (or other LCA database) environ-
mental impact factor, if available (see “Reference building” above)
in [kg impact-equiv./ (m2NFAa*a)]
The calculation is based on the LCEM. The reference period is 50 years. The following parameters are
taken into account in the evaluation benchmark.
Values for environmental impacts arising from construction related emissions are drawn from:
Actual building
The actual values are established in accordance with the "general description of the method". The energy
requirements of user equipment are not taken into account.
Reference building
The actual values are established in accordance with the "general description of the method". The energy
requirements of user equipment are not taken into account.
TABLE 2 Reference values for construction and operation of the reference building
GW P ODP POCP AP EP
[kg CO2- [kg R11- [kg C2H4- [kg SO2- [kg PO43- -
equiv/(m2NFAa*a)] equiv/(m2NFAa*a)] equiv/(m2NFAa*a)] equiv/(m2NFAa*a)] equiv/(m2NFAa*a)]
UNIT
*NOTE: The environmental impact factors relate to the German reference building’s electricity demand Elref and annual
heating demand Href.
G GW P G O DP G PO C P G AP G EP
EVALUATION
At the indicator level, sub-points (SP) on a scale from 0 to 100 are allocated. These are then converted into
checklist points (CLP) on a scale from 0 to 100 by means of the weighting key (GGWP, etc.) listed in table 3.
The maximum achievable number of checklist points is 100.
10 GWPG = 1.4 * ODPG = 10.0 * POCPG = 2.0 APG = 1.7 * EPG = 2.0 *
RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP
20 GWPG = 1.3 * ODPG = 7.75 * POCPG = 1.75 APG = 1.525 * EPG = 1.75 *
RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP
30 GWPG = 1.2 * ODPG = 5.5 * POCPG = 1.50 APG = 1.35 * EPG = 1.50 *
RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP
40 GWPG = 1.1 * ODPG = 3.25 * POCPG = 1.25 APG = 1.175 * EPG = 1.25 *
RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP
60 GWPG = 0.94 ODPG = 0.94 * POCPG = 0.94 APG = 0,94 * EPG = 0.94 *
* RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP
70 GWPG = 0.88 ODPG = 0.88 * POCPG = 0.88 APG = 0.88 * EPG = 0.88 *
* RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP
75 GWPG = 0.85 ODPG = 0.85 * POCPG = 0.85 APG = 0.85 * EPG = 0.85 *
* RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP
80 GWPG = 0.82 ODPG = 0.82 * POCPG = 0.82 APG = 0.82 * EPG = 0.82 *
* RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP
90 GWPG = 0.76 ODPG = 0.76 * POCPG = 0.76 APG = 0.76 * EPG = 0.76 *
* RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP
100 GWPG = 0.70 ODPG = 0.70 * POCPG = 0.70 APG = 0.70 * EPG = 0.70 *
* RGWP RODP * RPOCP RAP REP
Conversion table
TABLE 6
LIMIT VALUE L 10 1
REFERENCE VALUE R 50 5
DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED
The following evidence represents a selection of possible/alternative forms of evidence. The selected eval-
uation of the individual indicators must be comprehensively and plausibly demonstrated in the documents
submitted.
Documentation of results
Documentation for the simplified calculation method – Product and construction process stage
Documentation for the complete calculation method – Product and construction process stage
building components
breakdown of construction costs according to cost categories listed in criterion ECO1.1
the quantity survey’s completeness must be verifiably presented and substantiated
data on which the environmental impact is based. If the data used goes beyond that included in
ESUCO (or other LCA) database, the data, or the part not included in ESUCO (or other LCA) data-
base, must be disclosed for verification by a conformity assessment
Documents created for this criterion are optional depending on the chosen type and level of evaluation.
current and heat requirement (end energy) for the building to be certified and also for the reference
building according to LCEM. The calculation must correspond to the building which is realised and
the LCEM simulation. Indication of the specific electrical performance from a detailed lighting tech-
nical planning in the calculation of the artificial light requirement, otherwise calculation according to
LCEM
type of heat and cooling generation systems and ventilation systems plus energy carriers
for district heating the regenerative proportion must be shown via a corresponding certificate or in-
dication of the supplier
set operating lives of the components and surfaces
description and feed-in values in accordance with a local Renewable Energies Act of the building
related energy systems (e.g. in Germany according to EEG), if present
verification of origin in the case of waste heat use
product stage
use stage - operational heat and electricity demand
use stage - replacement (including end of life of replacement)
end of life stage (waste processing and disposal, benefits and loads for the next product systems)
A breakdown of construction costs according to cost groups listed in criterion ECO1.1 is required.
To ensure consistent summary results, the matrix of criterion TEC1.6 Deconstruction and Disassembly must
be completed.
General information
– designation of the building (address etc.)
– author of the building life cycle assessment (name and qualifications)
– arithmetical and evaluation processes used
– point in time of creation of the LCA in the life cycle of the building
– date of creation
General information on the building and the building model
– building type
– structure of use
– required period of use
– reference study period
– other information about the building such as e.g. technical type of building (type of support
structure); year of commissioning; verification of LCEM calculation including information on
the reference building end energy
– energy generators and energy carriers used for supplying the building with heat, cooling, and
hot water
Indication of the limits and scenarios valid for the evaluation
– for the building to be evaluated it is necessary to indicate that the calculation methodology
(decisive assumptions and scenarios) was carried out in accordance with the requirements
described above.
Data sources
– the data sources, type and quality of the data used are to be indicated qualitatively. This ap-
plies for both the building model and the LCA data
Verification of results
All the information used, options or decisions made must be presented in transparent form in order to be
verifiable. The verification includes the following:
completeness and verification of the completeness for the quantification at the building level
traceability of the data used for the products
conformity of the data to the requirements of EN 15804
consistency between the scenarios which are valid at building level and the scenarios used for the
products
The parameters and calculation specifications necessary for the calculation can be taken from the
following documents
calculations according to LCEM with detailed indications on the end energy requirement of the refer-
ence building, divided according to energy carriers and type of energy generation
LCA of the physical building components of the building to be certified according to EN ISO 14040
and 14044 which includes all the life cycle phases to be incorporated
ESUCO (or other LCA) database
operating lives of components (see OVERVIEW OF APPENDICES, APPENDIX 5.3)
When using software tools it is essential to pay attention to the implementation of the requirements shown in
the criterion and the application of the data basis described.
EN ISO 14040. Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework.
Berlin: Beuth Publisher. November 2009
EN ISO 14044. Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guide-
lines. Berlin: Beuth Publisher, October 2006
EN ISO 9836. Performance standards in buildings – Definition and calculation of area and space
indicators. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. October 2011
EN 15804. Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules
for the product category of construction products. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. April 2012
DIN EN 15978. Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of environmental performance of
buildings - Calculation method. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. October 2012
DIN EN 13779. LPG equipment and accessories - Contents gauges for Liquefied Petroleum Gas
(LPG) pressure vessels. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. June 2012
DIN V 18599. Energy efficiency of buildings - Calculation of the net, final and primary energy de-
mand for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting - Part 5: Final energy de-
mand of heating systems; Part 7: Final energy demand of air-handling and air-conditioning sys-
tems for non-residential buildings; Part 8: Net and final energy demand of domestic hot water sys-
tems. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. December 2011
DIN V 4701-10. Energy efficiency of heating and ventilation systems in buildings - Part 10: Heating,
domestic hot water supply, ventilation. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. August 2003.
VDI 2067. Economic efficiency of building installations - Fundamentals and economic calculation.
Düsseldorf: Beuth Publisher. September 2000
Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing (BMVBS): Sustainable Building Guide, Janu-
ary 2001
VDI 6020. Requirements on methods of calculation to thermal and energy simulation of buildings
and plants – Buildings. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. May 2001
VDI 6007. Part 2 - Calculation of transient thermal response of rooms and buildings - Modeling of
rooms; Part 3 - Calculation of transient thermal response of rooms and buildings - Modelling of so-
lar radiation. Berlin: Beuth Publisher. April 2012
CEN EN 15265: Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy needs for space heating
and cooling using dynamic methods - General criteria and validation procedures
EN 15255:2007: Energy performance of buildings - Sensible room cooling load calculation - Gen-
eral criteria and validation procedures
ASHRAE 140: Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Tests
http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/documents/ANSI_ASHRAE.pdf
http://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/dirpubs/epl_bestest_ash.pdf
OVERVIEW OF APPENDICES
The assessment will be performed using a thermal building simulation software in accordance with VDI
6020 or CEN EN 15265 or EN 15255 or VDI 6007 or ASHRAE 140, using typical meteorological climate
data in hourly values for the location (test reference year), adopted to the local climate known from the past
30 years. The microclimate of the building site location should be taken into account (e.g. "urban heat is-
land" for inner city locations).
5.1 Product and construction process stage (Modules A1 – A3), simplified calculation method
The product stage comprises the calculation of the following building elements:
Building components and quantity of the cost items are to be categorized and provided according to AP-
PENDIX 1 of criterion ECO1.1.
Building components are to be specified and documented according to layer composition. Modelling of the
product stage is to link the product data with the LCA datasets in ESUCO (or other LCA) database. Each
dataset’s reference unit must be checked for agreement with the unit for the calculated quantity and adjust-
ed if necessary.
Quantity surveys for the product stage are to be conducted and documented as follows:
For (1), (2), (3) the results of the layer compositions have to be offset against the corresponding GFA
measures in the building as a whole and reported separately. Alternatively, total masses (e.g. concrete in
foundation) are to be calculated and documented accordingly.
For (4), (5), and (6) the results of the layer compositions must be offset against the corresponding surface
measures in the building as a whole and reported separately. Documented references must demonstrate
that all shell surfaces have been included in the calculation in compliance with LCEM demands/Minimum
requirements (values from APPENDICES 1 & 5).
For (7), the results of the layer compositions must be offset against, for example, amounts calculated in
implementation plans for the building as a whole and reported separately.
For (8), manufacture of the central heating or cooling unit is to be included in the overall calculation. Pipes
and systems for heat delivery are to be excluded from the calculation.
To simplify the process, average values for similar building components/layer compositions can be used in
the same ratio in which they are actually used in the entire building. Building components must be outlined
and documented.
If the quantity survey is only for (1) – (7) over surfaces without taking connections into consideration and
only the central heating or cooling system is included as technical services item, the results must be mul-
tiplied by the factor 1.1.
Transportation to building site (A4) is to be disregarded. Products and energy use that relate only to con-
struction site operation are not considered (A5). Neither are excavation processes, demolitions and tempo-
rary preliminary works are not included.
The building model of the manufacture is to be linked with LCA data sets. If no precise LCA data are availa-
ble for components, a technically close LCA data set must be used. If several similar data sets can be se-
lected, a conservative approach must be chosen (worst case principle).
5.2 Product and construction process stage (Modules A1 – A3), complete calculation method
The building shell and any extensions as they are built are to be included in the calculations of the environ-
mental impact values for a building’s construction. Building components and quantity of the items are to be
Cut-off criteria:
All materials that make up more than 1 % of the building’s total mass or more than 1 % of primary
energy consumption considered material or more than 1 % of the impact categories GWP, AP, and
EP must be included. Justifiable estimates of primary energy consumption are acceptable.
The total amount of disregarded materials must not exceed 5 % of the total mass of the building, of
the primary energy, of the impact in the categories GWP, AP, and EP.
The quantity survey’s completeness must be verifiably presented and substantiated. Transportation to build-
ing site (A4) is to be disregarded. Products and energy use that relate only to construction site operation are
not considered (A5). Neither are excavation processes, demolitions, and temporary preliminary works are
not included.
The building model of the manufacture is to be linked with LCA data sets.
If no precise LCA data are available for components, a technically close LCA data set must be used. If sev-
eral similar data sets can be selected, a conservative approach must be chosen (worst case principle).
5.3 Calculation method for the use stage scenario (Modules of group B)
Supply and disposal systems and repairs are to be included when calculating the environmental impact
values for a building’s use stage scenario. The value appropriate for the use profile is to be taken into ac-
count as reference period td (e.g. 50 years for office and administrative buildings). Calculations and results
should be organized in compliance with criterion ECO1.1.
The assessment of the use stage scenario includes the following groups:
For (1), values for end energy demand for heat and electricity are to be taken from LCEM. Heating units
must be listed, assigned and linked to data sets in ESUCO database. In the case of district heating, the
renewable share of district heating reported by the supplier is subtracted from the calculated heat demand
and designated as secondary fuel (included in the calculation of the total primary energy demand in criterion
ENV2.1). The remaining share of district heating is linked to the appropriate data set in ESUCO database.
The district heating data sets in ESUCO database are based on the composition of non-renewable district
heating in Europe. The European power mix should serve as the basis for the environmental impact values
of electricity demand.
For (2), estimated service life (ESL) for surfaces and moving building components should be taken from the
following data sources: Building materials and products: According to country specific agreed upon, statistic-
based estimated service life tables for products. In case no list as such is available, the German “Sustaina-
ble Building Guide” should be considered (“mean value”).
For building services the same applies as for materials and products. In case no list is available, the Ger-
man VDI 2067 estimated service life values should be included (note: these are available in the datasets in
ESUCO database documentation). Calculations for replacements must be made for all materials, building
components, and surfaces with estimated service life values of less than the reference study period. Re-
placement measures (replacing building components/products after their estimated service life) are calcu-
lated under the assumption that the replacement component/product is the same as the original. It is im-
portant that the technical conditions of the replacement be calculated as realistically as possible, particularly
for access to building components that may involve the extension and renewal of multiple layers. Only full
number of replacements (no partial) is allowed. Disposal of replaced building components/products is to be
calculated using the appropriate end-of-life data set in ESUCO database and included in the overall total for
the replacement. Transportation to disposal/recycling can be disregarded.
If the quantity survey for the product stage follows the simplified approach, the results for replace-
ment must be multiplied by the factor 1.1.
The plausibility of the approaches must be presented. Note that the same assumptions used to calculate
life-cycle costs are to be used here.
5.4 Calculation method for the End-of-Life scenario and for benefits and loads scenario for the
next product system (Modules of groups C and D)
The calculation of environmental impact values for a building’s end-of-life scenario must include the recy-
cling and disposal of all building materials that remain in the building after the end of the period under con-
sideration. The data sets in ESUCO database are to be used for the calculation. To simplify the process, the
calculation can be made for groups of materials.
(1) metals
(2) mineral building materials
(3) materials with a heating value (wood, plastics, etc.)
(4) central heating and cooling appliances
(5) all other materials that can be deposited (landfilled) at construction or household waste sites
For (1), the type of disposal here is “recycling”. The ESUCO database data sets for “metal recycling poten-
tial” should be used or the respective value if specific EPDs are used (Module D). Careful classification is
important, documentation of the results have to be documented in Module D. Note that recycling potential
can be reported only for metals with shares of primary manufacturing. In other words, if a product is made of
recycled material, it no longer has recycling potential (relevant for concrete reinforcement).
For (2), the type of disposal here is “recycling”. To simplify the process, the ESUCO database data set
“construction rubble processing” should be used for all mineral building materials (to be documented in
Module C3). Benefits from recycling are to be calculated by subtracting the respective amount of primary
gravel (to be documented in Module D).
For (3), the type of disposal here is “incineration (with thermal recovery where applicable)”. The data sets
should be listed according to material groups (timber, timber materials, plastics, etc.) and should correspond
to an ESUCO database data set or a respective value from a specific EPD.
Documentation of results is required if in Module C4 incineration without energy recovery was chosen or in
Modules C3 and D if energy recovery was chosen (according to dataset definition).
For (4), the ESUCO (or other LCA) database data set or the respective value from a specific EPD that cor-
responds to the manufacturing process should be used (results to be documented in Module D).
For (5), the type of disposal here is “disposal at landfill site,” as long the materials can be deposited at con-
struction or household waste sites. The most appropriate ESUCO (or other LCA) database data sets should
be used (results to be documented in Module C4).
If the quantity survey for the product stage follows the simplified approach, the results for replace-
ment must be multiplied by the factor 1.1.
THERMAL DISCHARGE BY
THERMAL DISCHARGE BY
(MONDAY TO FRIDAY, MI-
YEARLY HOURS OF USE
DAILY HOURS OF USE
PERSON (SENSITIVE)
MINIMUM HUMIDITY
FACTOR LIGHTING
PRIMARY ENERGY
MINIMUM FRESH
START OF USE
LIGHTING CON-
AIR EXCHANGE
NUS HOLIDAY)
ILLUMINATION
SPACE TYPE
END OF USE
PERATURE
OFF-TIME
DEMAND
DEMAND
HVAC
HVAC
BERS
RATE
TROL
ERY
NO.
[°C]
[HOUR [HOURS/A] [M3/P] [W H/M2 [W H/M2 [°C] [°C] [%] [M3/M2 [LUX]
S/DAY] DAY] DAY] H]
5 CANTEEN 08:00 15:00 7 1750 9 2250 1.2 177 10 21 17 24 no demand - 18 none 200 1 M*
6 RESTAU- 10:00 00:00 14 4200 16 4800 1.2 236 14 21 17 24 no demand - 18 none 200 1 M*
RANT
© DGNB GmbH
Environmental Quality Page 24 of 66
ENV1.1 LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
13 SERVER 00:00 00:00 24 8760 24 8760 30 15 1800 21 17 24 no demand - 1.3 none 500 0.5 P*
ROOM
1.4 ROOF (AS FAR AS NOT CONSIDERED IN NO. 1.5), TOP FLOOR 2
SLAP, W ALLS IN DIRECTION OF NAVE AISLE
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 0.20 W/(m K)
1.5 GLASS ROOF 2
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 2.70 W/(m K)
Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.63
Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.76
1.6 LIGHTING ROW 2
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 2.40 W/(m K)
Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.55
Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.48
1.7 LIGHT CUPOLA 2
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 2.70 W/(m K)
Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.64
Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.59
1.8 WINDOW S, GLAZED DOORS (SEE ALSO NO. 1.14) 2
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 1.30 W/(m K)
Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.60
Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.78
1.9 ROOF LIGHT, SKY LIGHT (SEE ALSO NO. 1.14) 2
Coefficient of heat transmission UW = 1.40 W/(m K)
Coefficient of thermal conductivity for glazing g = 0.60
Luminous transmission index of glazing TD65 = 0.78
2.1 LIGTHING TECHNIQUE Direct / Indirect, each with electronic ballast and fluorescent tube
2.2 LIGHTING CONTROL See Table 1. of APPENDIX 1, column “Lighting control”
3.1 HEATING (CEILING HEIGHT ≤ 4 M) – HEAT GENERATORS Considering boiler, forced-air burner, domestic fuel oil, placed outside of the thermal envelope,
water content > 0.15 l/kW
3.2 HEATING (CEILING HEIGHT ≤ 4 M) – HEAT DISTRIBUTION In case of radiator heating and hot-air heating (decentralised re-heater of the ventilation sys-
tem):
Double-pipe network, external distribution pipes in unheated areas, internal ascending pipes,
internal supply lines, system-temperature 55/45 °C, hydraulic aligned, Δp constant, pump
designed by its demand, pump with intermittent operation, no overflow valves, calculating the
length of the reference building, 70% of the standard length as well the ambient temperature
can be chosen according to DIN V 18599-5.
Heat storage:
Indirect heated storage system (upright), placed outside of the thermal envelope.
Heat distribution:
Including circulation, Δp constant, pump designed by its demand, for calculating the refer-
ence building the lengths and position of pipes must be assumed the same as for the actual
building.
4.2 HOT W ATER – DECENTRAL W ATER SYSTEM Electrical instantaneous water heater, one tap and 6 meters of pipe per unit.
5.1 HVAC SYSTEMS – EXHAUST AIR SYSTEM 3
Specific fan power: PSFP = 1.0 kW/(m /s)
5.2 HVAC SYSTEMS – SUPPLY AND EXHAUST AIR SYSTEM W ITH- Specific fan power:
OUT RE-HEAT AND COOLING FUNCTION
3
supply-air fan: PSFP = 1.5 kW/(m /s)
3
exhaust-air fan: PSFP = 1.0 kW/(m /s)
Extra adjustments according to DIN EN 13799, Section 6.5.2 can only be taken into account
if the following components are available: HEPA-filter, gas filter or heat recovery systems
class H1 or H2.
Heat recovery via heat plate exchangers (cross-counter flow) with:
recovered heat coefficient: ηt = 0.6
pressure ratio: fP = 0.4
air duct routing inside the building
5.3 HVAC SYSTEMS – SUPPLY AND EXHAUST AIR SYSTEM W ITH Specific fan power:
CONTROLLED AIR CONDITIONING
3
supply-air fan: PSFP = 1.5 kW/(m /s)
3
exhaust-air fan: PSFP = 1.0 kW/(m /s)
Extra adjustments according to DIN EN 13799, Section 6.5.2 can only be taken into account
if the following components are available: HEPA-filter, gas filter, or heat recovery systems
class H1 or H2.
Heat recovery via heat plate exchangers (cross-counter flow) with:
recovered heat coefficient: ηt = 0.6
Thermal zoning must be carried out for zones which differ from:
APPENDIX 5
1. Energy modelling of HVAC, lighting systems and energy supply systems – Zone energy demand
1 HEATING
1 1 1 Radiator Uncontrolled with central Tested Soft- 1.28 Thermal dynamic mod- Rad/Con3 DIN V
flow temperature ware elling of individual room ratio: 60/40 18599
1 1 2 Master room 1.20 climate system includ- Rad/Con3 -5,
ing control characteris- ratio: 60/40 Ta-
1 1 3 P-Controller (2K) 1.15 tic of the controller Rad/Con3 bles 6,
ratio: 60/40 7, 9
1 1 4 P-Controller (1K) 1.13 Rad/Con3
ratio: 60/40
1 1 5 PI-Controller 1.11 Rad/Con3
ratio: 60/40
1 1 6 PI-Controller (e.g. motion 1.11 Rad/Con3
sensor, adaptive control- ratio: 60/40
ler)
1 2 1 Convector Uncontrolled with central 1.28 Rad/Con
flow temperature ratio: 15/85
2. Energy modelling of HVAC, lighting systems and energy supply systems – Effort numbers for heating and chilled water distri-
bution
NO. ELECTRICAL AUXILIARY ENERGY DEMAND FOR DISTRIBUTION OF HEATING EL HE AT , DI S, AUX AND COOLING C C O O L , DIS , AUX
1
CONTROLLED CIRCULATING PUMP TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE EL D IS , AU X
BETW EEN FLOW AND RETURN [W ] RESPECTIVELY [W H/H]
[K]
1 1 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 20 0.062 Energy Modelling (e.g. reference to
1 1 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 20 0.039 DIN V 4701-10 for Germany)
1 1 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 20 0.036
1 2 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 15 0.074
1 2 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 15 0.048
1 2 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 15 0.045
1 3 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 10 0.093
1 3 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 10 0.067
1 3 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 10 0.064
1 4 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 7 0.164
1 4 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 7 0.119
1 4 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 7 0.113
1 5 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 4 0.236
1 5 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 4 0.170
1 5 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 4 0.162
1 6 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 2 0.283
1 6 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 2 0.204
1 6 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 2 0.194
1 EL D IS , AU X
UNCONTROLLED CIRCULATING PUMP TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
BETW EEN FLOW AND RETURN [W ] RESPECTIVELY [W H/H]
[K]
1 7 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 20 0.087
1 7 2 for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 20 0.054
1 7 3 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 20 0.050
1 8 1 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 15 0.103
3. Energy modelling of HVAC, lighting systems and energy supply systems – Effort numbers for heating and chilled water gener-
ation
1 E 3,T H, HE AT [-]
1 1 1 Constant temperature boiler for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 1.2 Energy Modelling (e.g. reference to DIN V
for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 1.17 4701-10 for Germany)
1 1 2 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 1.13
1 2 1 Low temperature boiler for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 1.10
for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 1.09
1 2 2 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 1.08
1 3 Considering boiler
1 3 1 70/55 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 1.05
for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 1.04
1 3 2 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 1.03
1 3 3 55/45 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 1.02
for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 1.02
1 3 4 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 1.01
1 3 5 35/28 for ≤ 1,000 m² NFA 0.99
for 1,000 m² < NFA < 10,000 m² 0.99
1 3 6 for ≥ 1,000 m² NFA 0.98
2 HEAT ING GENERAT ION / SPC (SEASONAL PERFORMANCE COEFFICIENT) FOR ELECTIRCAL HEAT PUMPS
SPC [-]
2 3 2 35/28
2 4 1 exhaust air/water 55/45
2 4 2 35/28
3 HEAT ING GENERAT ION / EFFORT NUMBERS E 3 ,T H, HE AT FOR DISTRICT HEAT ING
E 3,T H, HE AT [-]
3 1 1 All heating circuit temperatures LCA database (e.g. ESUCO) 1.01 Energy Modelling (e.g. reference to DIN V
4701-10 for Germany)
Chilled water generation / ESEER (European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio) for compression chillers
To calculate the electrical and energy demand for cooling generation, the ESEER value needs to be defined. The ESEER regards part load values of chillers from 25 % to
100 % by evaluating EER (known as COP) of the chillers in accordance to different re-cooling temperatures. The evaluation depends on the periodicity of the weather per
year which leads to the different part loads and simultaneous to the four appearing re-cooling temperatures. Therefore the following table has to be used:
LOAD OF NET COOLING POW ER RE-COOLING AIR TEMPERATURE RE-COOLING W ATER TEMPERATURE EVALUATION
[%] [°C] [°C] [%]
100 35 30 3
75 30 26 33
50 25 22 41
25 20 18 23
The EER values have to be requested from the manufacturers of the chiller. With these values the ESEER value can be defined as follows
The advantage of this method is to get an averaged and evaluated performance coefficient to calculate the electrical end energy demand.
On the following link ESEER values of already certified chillers can be taken into account: http://www.eurovent-certification.com/
Chilled water generation / Nominal heat coefficient for one level absorption chillers
HEATING GENERATION TEMPERATURE COOLING W ATER TEMPERATURE CHILLED W ATER FLOW TEMPERATURE NOMINAL HEAT COEFFICIENT Ζ OR E 3,T H, CO O L
[°C] [°C] [°C] [-]
80/70 27/33 6 -
14 0.71
40/45 6 -
14 -
90/75 27/33 6 0.69
14 0.72
40/45 6 -
14 -
110/95 27/33 6 0.70
14 0.72
40/45 6 -
14 0.71
130/110 27/33 6 0.71
14 0.73
40/45 6 0.70
14 0.72
Chilled water generation / Nominal heat coefficient for direct gas fired absorption chillers
TYPE EVAPORATIVE COOLING TOW ERS (INCLUSIVELY SPRAY W ATER PUMPS) EVALUATION
RE-COOLING W ATER TEMPERATURE [%]
[°C]
CLOSED CIRCUIT (HYBRID COOLING TOW ERS) OPEN CIRCUIT DRY COOLING TOW ERS
Chilled water generation / Energy efficiency ratio for water cooled compression chillers
REFRIGERANT COOLING W A- CHILLED W ATER AVERAGE ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO FOR COOLING EER EFFORT NUMBER E3
TER TEMPERA- FLOW TEMPERA- VAPORISATION [-]
TURE TURE TEMPERATURE
[°C] [°C] [°C] PISTON/SCROLL SCREW COM- CENTRIFUGAL PISTON/SCROLL SCREW COM- CENTRIFUGAL
COMPRESSOR 10 KW PRESSOR 200 COMPRESSOR COMPRESSOR 10 PRESSOR 200 COMPRESSOR
TO 1,500 KW KW TO 2,000 KW 500 KW TO 8,000 KW TO 1,500 KW KW TO 2,000 KW 500 KW TO 8,000
KW KW
Chilled water generation / Energy efficiency ratio for air cooled compression chillers
REFRIGERANT CHILLED W ATER FLOW AVERAGE VAPORISA- ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO FOR COOLING EER EFFORT NUMBER E3 [-]
TEMPERATURE TION TEMPERATURE
[°C] [°C]
PISTON/SCROLL COM- SCREW COMPRESSOR 200 KW TO 2,000 KW PISTON/SCROLL COM- SCREW COMPRESSOR
PRESSOR 10 KW TO 1,500 PRESSOR 10 KW TO 1,500 200 KW TO 2,000 KW
KW KW
Chilled water generation / Energy efficiency ratio for room climate system < 12 kW, air cooled
SYSTEM ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO FOR COOLING EER PART LOAD CONTROL EFFORT NUMBER E3
[-]
Chilled water generation / Energy efficiency ratio for room climate system > 12 kW, air cooled
VRF-system with variable refrigerant 3.5 at least one parallel compressor, variable speed drive 0.29
mass flow
Chilled water generation / Nominal heat coefficient for one level absorption chillers
HEATING GENERATION TEMPERATURE COOLING W ATER TEMPERATURE CHILLED W ATER FLOW TEMPERATURE NOMINAL HEAT COEFFICIENT Ζ EFFORT NUMBER E3
[°C] [°C] [°C] [-] [-]
80/70 27/33 6 - -
14 0.71 0.71
40/45 6 - -
14 - -
90/75 27/33 6 0.69 0.69
14 0.72 0.72
40/45 6 - -
14 - -
110/95 27/33 6 0.70 0.70
14 0.72 0.72
40/45 6 - -
14 0.71 0.71
130/110 27/33 6 0.71 0.71
14 0.73 0.73
40/45 6 0.70 0.70
14 0.72
Chilled water generation / Nominal heat coefficient for direct gas fired absorption chillers
TYPE EVAPORATIVE COOLING TOW ERS (INCLUSIVELY SPRAY W ATER PUMPS) EVALUATION
[°C] [%]
CLOSED CIRCUIT (HYBRID COOLING TOW ERS) OPEN CIRCUIT DRY COOLING TOW ERS
Q R, E L [KW /KW]
COOLER
Chillers electrical electrical energy electrical energy thermal energy thermal energy
energy
Re-cooler electrical electrical energy - electrical energy electrical energy
energy
4. Calculation of end energy for HVAC, lighting systems and energy supply systems
Equations for calculation of the end energy demand for heating and electricity during operation per year:
whereby
whereby
Eltot total electrical end energy demand for heating, cooling, ventilation, air-conditioning and lighting in [kWh/m2a]
Heating:
Hzone,dhw Thermal heating energy demand for domestic hot water per zone in [kWh/m2a]
Cooling:
Thermal Czone = Czone,ideal ∙ e1,th,cool
whereby
See ALTERNATIVE 2
Lighting:
whereby
Heating:
Hzone = Hzone,math
whereby
Cooling:
Thermal Czone = Czone,math
whereby
whereby
Hven Thermal heating energy demand for air-conditioning of building zones in [kWh/m2a]
Hven,math Simulated thermal heating energy demand for air-conditioning of building zones in [kWh/m2a]
with thermal dynamic modelling of thermodynamic processes (heating, cooling, humidifying, de-humidifying, heat recovery,
variable pressure drop dependent on volume flow)
whereby
Cven Thermal cooling energy demand for air-conditioning of building zones in [kWh/m2a]
Cven,math Simulated thermal cooling energy demand for air-conditioning of building zones in [kWh/m2a]
with thermal dynamic modelling of thermodynamic processes (heating, cooling, humidifying, de-humidifying, heat recovery,
variable pressure drop dependent on volume flow)
whereby
Lighting:
Ellight,zone = Time ∙ Lel ∙ UseFact ∙ ConFact ∙ Daylmath
whereby
STEP 2: Distribution
Heating:
Hdis = ∑𝒏𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒆=𝟏 𝑯𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒆 − 𝑯𝒅𝒊𝒔,𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒕,𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔
whereby
Cooling:
Cdis = ∑𝒏𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒆=𝟏 𝑪𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒆 − 𝑪𝒅𝒊𝒔,𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒍,𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔
n Number of zones
hdis,cool,loss Specific cooling loss of pipework in [W/m]
Time Operating time of cooling in [h/a]
lpipework Single length of pipework in [m]
NFA Net floor area [m2]
whereby
whereby
whereby
Lighting:
Ellight = ∑𝒏𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒆=𝟏 𝑬𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕,𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒆
whereby
STEP 3: Generation
Heating:
Hheat,gen = (Hdis + Hven,dis + Hcool,gen) ∙ e3,th,heat
whereby
𝑯𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒕,𝒈𝒆𝒏
SPC = 𝑬𝒍𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒕,𝒈𝒆𝒏
whereby
Cooling:
Absorber Hcool,gen = (Cdis + Cven,dis + Ccool,gen) ∙ e3,th,heat
whereby
Hcool,gen Thermal heating energy demand for absorption cooling generation in [kWh/m2a]
Cdis Thermal cooling energy demand for distribution in [kWh/m2a]
Cven,dis Thermal cooling energy demand for HVAC distribution in [kWh/m2a]
e3,th,heat Effort number for absorption cooling generation in [-]
whereby
Hcool,gen Thermal heating energy demand for absorption cooling generation in [kWh/m2a]
elcool,re Specific electrical energy demand for re-cooling in [kW el/kWre-cool]
𝑪𝒅𝒊𝒔 +𝑪𝒗𝒆𝒏,𝒅𝒊𝒔
Compressor Elcool,gen,comp =
𝑬𝑺𝑬𝑬𝑹
whereby
whereby
whereby
whereby
whereby
APPENDIX 6
DECONSTRUCTION / DEMOLITION
TRANSPORT TO MANUFACTURER
WASTE PROCESSING
USE / APPLICATION
CLING POTENTIAL
MANUFACTURING
REFURBISHMENT
REPLACEMENT
MAINTENANCE
DISPOSAL
REPAIR
System Boundaries included in the LCA of
the construction A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
Structure - structural designs
Excavation
Excavation
Shoring works
Water control
Excavation, other
Foundation
Subsoil improvement x x x x x x
Surface foundations x x x x x x
Deep foundations x x x x x x
1
Subsoil and base plates x x x (x) x x x
2 1
Flooring x x x (x) (x) x x x
1
Water proofing of building x x x (x) x x x
1
Drainage x x x (x) x x x
1
Foundation, other x x x (x) x x x
External walls
1
Load bearing external walls x x x (x) x x x
1
Non-load bearing external walls x x x (x) x x x
1
External supports x x x (x) x x x
2 1
External doors and windows x x x (x) (x) x x x
2 1
External wall cladding, external x x x (x) (x) x x x
2 1
External wall cladding, internal x x x (x) (x) x x x
1
Unitised external walls x x x (x) x x x
1
Sun protection x x x (x) x x x
1
External walls, other x x x (x) x x x
Internal walls
1
Load bearing internal walls x x x (x) x x x
1
Non-load nearing internal walls x x x (x) x x x
1
Internal supports x x x (x) x x x
2 1
Internal doors and windows x x x (x) (x) x x x
2 1
Internal wall cladding x x x (x) (x) x x x
1
Unitised internal walls x x x (x) x x x
1
Internal walls, other x x x (x) x x x
Ceilings
1
Ceiling structures x x x (x) x x x
2 1
Ceiling coverings x x x (x) (x) x x x
2 1
Ceiling cladding x x x (x) (x) x x x
1
Ceilings, other x x x (x) x x x
Roofs
1
Roof constructions x x x (x) x x x
2 1
Roof windows, roof openings x x x (x) (x) x x x
1
Roof membranes x x x (x) x x x
1
Roof cladding x x x (x) x x x
1
Roofs, other x x x (x) x x x
Structural construction installations
1
General installations x x x (x) x x x
1
Special installations x x x (x) x x x
1
Structural construction installations, other x x x (x) x x x
Other provisions for structural design
Building site facilities
Scaffolding
Safeguarding measures
Demolition measures
Repair
Disposal of materials
Additional measures
Provisional arrangements
Other provisions for structural design, other
Building and technical installations
Waste water, water, gas facilities
1 3
Waste water facilities x x x (x) (x) x x x
1 3
Water installations x x x (x) (x) x x x
1
Gas-fired installations x x x (x) x x x x
1
Waste water, water, gas facilities, other x x x (x) x x x
Heat supply facilities
1
Heat generation plants x x x (x) x x x x
1
Heat distribution grid x x x (x) x x x x
1
Room heating radiators x x x (x) x x x
1
Heat supply facilities, other x x x (x) x x x
Air conditioning systems
1
Ventilation systems x x x (x) x x x x
1
Partial air conditioning systems x x x (x) x x x x
1
Air conditioning systems x x x (x) x x x x
1
Cooling systems x x x (x) x x x x
1
Air conditioning systems, other x x x (x) x x x
Electrical power installations
1
High and medium voltage installations x x x (x) x x x x
4 4 4 1
Own power supply system (x) (x) (x) (x) x x x x
1
Low voltage switch gears x x x (x) x x x x
1 5
Low voltage installation systems x x x (x) (x) x x x
1
Lighting systems x x x (x) x x x x
1
Lightning protection and earthing systems x x x (x) x x x
1
Electrical power installations, other x x x (x) x x x
Communication and information technol-
ogy systems
1
Telecommunication systems x x x (x) x x x
1
Search and signal systems x x x (x) x x x
1
Time service systems x x x (x) x x x
1
Electro-acoustic systems x x x (x) x x x
1
Television and aerial systems x x x (x) x x x
1
Hazard and alarm systems x x x (x) x x x
1
Transmission network x x x (x) x x x
Communication and information technology 1
x x x (x) x x x
systems, other
Conveyor belts
1
Lift systems x x x (x) x x x
1
Escalators, moving walkways x x x (x) x x x
1
Access systems x x x (x) x x x
1
Transport systems x x x (x) x x x
1
Crane systems x x x (x) x x x
1
Conveyors, other x x x (x) x x x
Usage specific systems
1
Kitchen facilities x x x (x) x x x
1
Laundry and cleaning facilities x x x (x) x x x
1
Media supply facilities x x x (x) x x x
1
Medicine and lab facilities x x x (x) x x x
1
Fire-extinguishing systems x x x (x) x x x
1
Bathing facilities x x x (x) x x x
Process systems for heating, cooling and 1
x x x (x) x x x
ventilation
1
Disposal facilities x x x (x) x x x
1
Usage specific systems, other x x x (x) x x x
Building automation
1 5
Automation systems x x x (x) (x) x x x
1 5
Control cabinets x x x (x) (x) x x x
1 5
Management and control facilities x x x (x) (x) x x x
1 5
Room automation systems x x x (x) (x) x x x
1 5
Transmission network x x x (x) (x) x x x
1 5
Building automation, other x x x (x) (x) x x x
Other provisions for technical systems
Building site facilities
Scaffolding
Safeguarding measures
Demolition measures
Repair
Disposal of materials
Additional measures
Provisional arrangements
Other provisions for technical systems, other
1) Only includes the manufacture and disposal of the exchanged product and not the exchange process itself (in line with building process).
2) Maintenance processes are shown incompletely as water consumption in ENV2.2. Not included in ENV1.1 and ENV2.1
3) Water consumption of the building is shown in ENV2.2. Not included in ENV1.1 and ENV2.1
4) Photovoltaic installations are shown incompletely due to a lack of data.
5) The user current consumption is not recorded completely as this is not established completely in DIN V 18599-5.
TRANSPORT TO MANUFACTURER
TRANSPORT TO MANUFACTURER
TRANSPORT TO MANUFACTURER
TRANSPORT TO MANUFACTURER
TRANSPORT TO BUILDING SITE
MANUFACTURING
MANUFACTURING
System boundaries in the usage phase A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
Operating costs
Utilities
Water x
Oil x
Gas x
Solid fuel x
District heating x
Power x
Technical media
Utilities, other
Repair costs
Repair of the structural design
1) 3) 2
Foundation (x) (x) (x)
1) 3) 2)
External walls (x) (x) (x)
1) 3) 2)
Internal walls (x) (x) (x)
1) 3) 2)
Ceilings (x) (x) (x)
1 3 2
Roofs (x) (x) (x)
1 2
Structural construction installations (x) (x)
1 2
Repair of the structural design, other (x) (x)
Repair of the technical equipment
2)
Waste water, water, gas facilities (x) x
2)
Heat supply facilities (x) x
2)
Air conditioning systems (x) x
2)
Electrical power installations (x) x
2
Communication and information systems (x)
2
Conveyor belts (x)
2
Usage specific systems (x) x
2
Building automation (x)
2
Repair of the technical equipment (x)
Repair of the outdoor facilities
Grounds area
Paved areas
APPENDIX 7
Based on the German “Ökobau.dat” developed by PE INTERNATIONAL, the ESUCO database (European SUstainable COnstruction Database) is tailored to suit the
European market.
As a DGNB Consultant or Auditor, you can gain free access to ESUCO via the password-protected area of the DGNB website. Read the guidance note entitled „ESUCO
Short Description” for advice on how to downloaded and unzip the database.
Once unzipped, the folder contains the following files:
ESUCO_International
ESUCO
processes
Note:
Please use Internet Explorer to open the datasets to ensure that the data is displayed correctly. The data cannot be viewed in other browsers.
The Life Cycle Assessment is completed by a process of linking the quantities captured in the Mass Balance to the data in the ESUCO database. The Mass Balance
should be as complete and comprehensive as possible.
We advise following the structure set out in APPENDIX 1 of Criterion ECO 1.1 in listing the items in the mass balance.
In linking the mass balance to the database, please ensure that you select the appropriate ESUCO dataset for each item and that you accurately calculate all of the life
cycle phases mentioned in the criterion (i.e. production, use, and end-of.-life). The dataset for each material includes all of the five environmental impact potentials which
must be listed individually in the final evaluation.
The DGNB system captures a standard life cycle of fifty years. This means that materials with a shorter life span must be factored in several times. For example, a material
with a life span of 10 years must be replaced five times. As a result the data for production and end-of-life must be factored in to the calculation five times.
Whereas the DGNB criterion uses kilowatt hours per square meter (kWh/m²), some ESUCO datasets are quoted in Mega joule MJ. Please include this data using the
conversion factor 1kWh = 3.6 MJ
Ideally, the ESUCO dataset should perfectly match the exact material for the relevant country in question. Where this is not possible, please select a plausible proxy (e.g. a
material or country which is comparable in terms of energy generation and demand) and provide an adequate explanation for the selection you have made.
For example, the dataset for manufacturer specific concrete is not included in ESUCO. In this case, the average dataset for the production of concrete in the EU can be
used in its place.
Please ensure you select the appropriate electricity generation mix for the country in question. The same principle applies to the heat source mix, however please note that
this is not provided in ESUCO and that you may need to conduct some additional research to identify and explain the appropriate heat source mix for the country in ques-
tion.
The evaluation method is explained in more detail in the criterion.