KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN HYDERABAD REGION

MARKING SCHEME SECOND PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION

SESSION- 2017-18
CLASS - XII SUBJECT- BIOLOGY
SNO ANSWERS / VALUE POINTS MARKS

1 Macrophages and helper T lymphocytes ½+½

2 Each organism has a definite range of conditions that it can tolerate , diversity 1
of resources it can utilize and distinct functional role in ecosystem. All these
together comprise its niche

3 The enzyme is thermostable / active at high temperatures 1

4 Tapetum nourishes he developing pollen grains. Hence if tapetum does not 1

function properly , pollen grains will not develop properly.

5 Pleitropy. 1

6 The electrode wires produce corona that release electrons due to high voltage. 2
The electrons attach to dust particles giving a negative charge . The collecting
plates are grounded and they attract dust particles.The velocity of air between
the plates must be low to allow the dust to fall.

7 Intra Uterine device ½

Hormone releasing IUD decrease sperm mobility, make uterus unsuitable for 1½
implantation and make cervix hostile for sperms

Or

1.Pollen grains are rich in nutrients – used by athletes in the form of tablets,
syrup etc 1

2. Stored pollen grains (at liquid nitrogen temperature) can be used in crop 1
breeding programmes.

8 Biofortification 1

Methylophilus methyulotrophus and Spirulina 1

9 Small animals offer larger surface area in relation to their volume and hence 2
lose heat to the surroundings very fast when it is cold outside. Maintaining
body temperature is an energy expensive process . Hence small animals are not
found in polar regions.

10 a- Sickle cell anaemia, b- non stop bleeding c- Thalassaemia 1½

 Sex linked disorder - Haemophelia ½

11 a. XY type b.birds c. haplodiploid d XO type 2

Female heterogamety -- birds Male hetero gamety - man , grass ½ ,½

hopper

12 a. Origin of replication sequence from which replication starts. ½

b. Rop codes for proteins involved in replication of plasmid ½

c. AmpR is meant for resistance to ampicillin. ½

d. Selectable marker helps in identifying and eliminating non 1½

transformants

Permitting the growth of transformants only.

AmpR is a selectable marker

13 In haploid organisms gametes are produced by mitosis while in diploid 2

organisms gametes are produced by meiosis involving reduction division.

Papaya plant is unisexual. Hence both male and female plants produce
flowers while only female plants produce fruits. 1

14 diagram 1

labeling 2

page no 34 NCERT text book

15 Exonucleases – cut nucleotides from the ends of DNA ½+½

Endonucleases - cut at specific locations with in DNA

R.E are named on the basis of microbe , strain and the order in which they have 2
been isolated. Ex: EcoRI - name is from the bacterium Escherichia coli, strain
RY13 and roman number I

16 XO- Turner ‘s syndrome – no of chromosomes- 45 1

 XXY – Kleinfelter’s syndrome no of chromosomes- 47 1

Mendelian disorders are caused due to mutation or alteration in a single gene. 1

But the total number of chromosomes remains the same. In case of syndromes
one or more chromosomes are added or deleted hence the total number of
chromosomes changes

17 P , q denote allelic frequencies ½

Allele frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to 1

generation.
½
Scientists - Hardy – Weinberg
1
Any two factors- mutation/ selection/ migration/ genetic drift

18 Exaggerated response of body towards some antigens in the environment. 1

Chemicals released in the body- histamine , serotonin 1

Drugs given as treatment- anti histamines, adrenalin, steroids 1

Or

A benign tumour b malignant tumour c carcinogens d contact inhibition 2

Two diagnostic tests - MRI/ biopsy / CT / radiography(X rays) 1

B A
19 Father(I i) Mother(I i) ½ +1/2
F1 Generation(Explanation with the help of punnet square)

AB,A,B,O 2

20 Correct sequence - b-nematode specific genes introduced into host 2½

a production of sense and anti sense RNA c- formation of dsRNA

e-initiation of RNAi and silencing of mRNA, d – pathogen cannot survive.

Host - tobacco ½

21 a- Inducer b- operator c- structural genes -z, y, a 1½

In the absence of inducer the repressor binds to the operator and prevents 1½
RNA polymerase from transcription.

22 bio active molecule source use ½x6

Cyclosporin A – Trichoderma polysporum - immunosuppressant

Statins- yeast / Monascus purpureus blood cholesterol lowering agent

Streptokinase - Streptococcus - clot buster
23 a Rajesh showed sense of responsibility , respect for nature. 1

b products of ecosystem processes (like for example forest ecosystem purifies 2

air mitigates drought, floods, cycle nutrients, provide aesthetic , cultural
values) are called as ecosystem services.

Ex situ conservation 1

24 Schematic representation oogenesis-page - 49 of NCERT text book 3

Zona pellucida - sperm comes in contact with this layer and induces changes 2
due to which it blocks the entry of additional sperms.

Acrosome- the secretions of acrosome help the sperm to enter into cytoplasm
of the ovum.

Or

Zygote, proembryo, globular embryo, heart shaped embryo, mature embryo

Geitonogamy is cross pollination among two different flowers on the same

plant 1

If seeds from hybrid plants are collected and sown, the plants in the progeny 1
will segregate and do not maintain hybrid characters . Hence hybrid seeds have
to be produced every year.
25 Five steps(page no.171 NCERT TEXT BOOK) 2 1/2

Effect of Drugs heroin -- depressant and slows down body functions cocaine- acts
on central nervous system , hallucinations

Any three Steps to prevent drug abuse—education and counseling / seeking help from
parentsand peers / Avoid peer pressure /seeking medical help / looking for danger 1 1/2
signs

Or
1
Producing thousands of plants through tissue culture is called as micro propagation

Meristem culture

Saccharum barberi , the north Indian variety was poor in yield and sugar content. The
south Indian variety Saccharum officinarum was good in yield and had thicker stems 1
but it was not growing well in North India. Hence these two plants to get variety having 1
the desirable characters of both the plants that was suitable for growing in North India.
2
Parbhani Kranthi is variety of bhendi resistant to yellow mosaic virus

26 The three levels of biodiversity are- 1. genetic diversity A single species shows high 3
diversity at genetical level. Ex Rauwolfia vomitoria growing in Himalayas shows
diference in concentration of reserpine. 2 Species level – The diversity at species
level ex: Western Ghats rich in diversity of amphibian species than Eastern Ghats

3 .Ecological diversity - The diversity at the ecosystem level. Ex: India with desert, rain
forests, mangroves etc has greater diversity than Norway.

s- species richness A – area z- slope of the line or regression coefficient 2

The equation tells about the relation between species richness and area explored . The
species richness increased with increase in explored area to a limit.

Or
1
a exponential growth b- logistic growth
1
equation for logistic growth - dN/dT = rN (k-N/K)

exponential growth occurs when resources are unlimited. While logistic growth occurs 1
when resources are limited.

Interaction beneficial for both- mutualism ex: any one example plant and pollinator/
1
mycorrhizae - (any one)
Interaction beneficial for one and neither beneficial nor harmful for the other
Commensalism ex: epiphyte on mango tree/ egret on cattle / clown fish living on
1
tentacles of sea anemone./barnacles growing on the back of whale. (any one)