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Geolog 6.6
Determin Tutorial
www.fanarco.net
Contents
Deterministic Petrophysics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Petrophysics Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
The Precalc Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Borehole Correct the Gamma Ray Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Borehole Correct the Density Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Borehole Correct the Neutron Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Borehole Correct the MSFL Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Borehole Correct the Dual Laterolog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Parameter Picking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Crossplots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Histograms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Pickett Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Identify Badhole Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Identify Coals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Calculate Shale Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Calculation of Porosity Using Sonic Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Calculation of Porosity from Density-Neutron Crossplot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Water Saturation Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Hydrocarbon Corrected Porosity / Water Saturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Permeability Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Matrix Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Matrix Parameter Curves Used to Estimate Mineral Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Pay Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Pay Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Multiwell Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Select the Wells to Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Selecting Intervals to Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Multiwell Histograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Parameter Picking - Histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Parameter Picking - Crossplot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Quick Analysis (Shale Volume Calculation). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
This tutorial will assist you in understanding how Geolog can be used as a tool for performing
deterministic petrophysical well evaluations using the Determin application within Geolog.
The purpose of the Determin tutorial is to provide detailed information on the tools available
within Geolog for performing a deterministic formation evaluation. This tutorial will:
• Familiarize you with the tools supplied in Geolog for the picking and application
of petrophysical parameters.
Prerequisites
This tutorial assumes that the student has a general working knowledge of the Geolog6.6
software, and of basic petrophysics. For those without knowledge of Geolog6.6, it is strongly
recommended that the Geolog6.6 Introductory tutorials be taken before commencing this
tutorial.
Document Conventions
In this document, all INPUT to the computer is in Bold Courier New, while all OUTPUT from
the computer is in Courier New, but not bold.
Tutorial Data
The following additional files (files not supplied with software) are used in this tutorial:
Determin Overview
Procedure
The Evaluate module allows mathematical, logical or string expressions to be entered (and
saved) and applied on a single or multiwell basis. These expressions can be equations
utilizing a log or several logs, or can include a call to any function included with Geolog6.6 or
created by the user.
Exercise 1
3. Select General > Evaluate to open the tp_evaluate module (see Figure 1).
4. In the Value column, enter the following (and as shown in Figure 2):
— setting the Right Limit to -0.5 to view the full range of data
Your display should look similar to Figure 3 after applying these changes.
Exercise 2
This exercise demonstrates the use of the Evaluate module to invoke a Geolog6.6
supplied function (LIMIT) and apply it to a log to limit the values.
In Exercise 1 on Page 4, the given values for matrix and fluid density may result in
the generation of porosity values that are negative, or greater than 100%. The
LIMIT function can be used to define a valid range for a log. Values less than the
minimum value will be set to the minimum value, and values greater than the
maximum value will be set to the maximum value. The syntax for this function is:
1. Display the tp_evaluate module (or select General > Evaluate, if you closed
the Module Launcher window).
2. In the Value column, enter the following (and as shown in Figure 4):
— EXPRESSION: limit(phit_den,0,.5)
— UNITS: V/V
— TYPE: REAL
— COMMENT: Limited Density Porosity
— LOG_OUT: PHIT_DEN
3. Click Start.
Step 2: Crossplots
Procedure
Xplot, Geolog’s crossplot application, is used for plotting logs or log expressions. It provides a
variety of analytical tools to: incorporate standard contractor or user-defined curves, polygons
and charts; perform regression analysis, and; calculate new logs. Xplot can be started in either
Well or in Project.
• Start the Xplot application from within Well to become familiar with the Xplot
window and its components.
Exercise 1
1. Within your layout view, change the displayed PHIT_DEN log to RHOB and
click Apply.
The defaults are updated automatically when you enter a known log name.
2. Add a second wireline track and insert the NPHI log and click OK.
3. Select Well > View > Xplot... to open the File Select dialog box.
Titles
Statistics Diagram
Functions
5. Within the Properties dialog box, insert gr on the Z axis, and click Apply.
7. Remove gr from the Z Axis tab, Log Expression field, and click OK to return
the crossplot to 2D.
The following table describes the components identified in Figure 5 and Figure 6.
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
X axis log expression The selected X, Y, and Z axis log expressions and units
Y axis log expression for each axis.
Z axis log expression (not shown) For more information on the Z axis log expressions refer
to the Online Help - Working in 3D Xplot.
Color axis The selected Color bar, Color Expression and/or Symbol
Expression (not shown) are referred to as the Color Axis.
Functions Description of an element inserted on the crossplot such
as a chart, polygon or curve.
Exercise 2
Formatting display areas in Geolog is performed using the Properties dialog box.
To display the Properties dialog box in Xplot you can do any ONE of the following:
The X, Y and Z Axis tabs on the Properties dialog box display similar selection and
formatting options.
The following table explains each of the fields on the X, Y and Z axis tabs of the
Properties dialog box:
Log Log Expression A log name or expression that evaluates to a numerical result.
An X and Y value must be specified to display data (see
Figure 5), and a Z value must be specified for a 3D display
(see Figure 6).
If changing an existing log, the Default units are automatically
displayed. This replaces displayed Units, Left/Right and Scale
values with the default values specified in the
loginfo.loginfo file found in the unit_type/specs
directory for your environment. If you change any of the
displayed Units, Left/Right and Scale values click on the
Defaults button to redisplay the default values.
Units Default units are displayed for a log entered in the Log
Expression field.
Limits Limit values for each axis are displayed according to defaults
(Left / Right Limit - X axis) for the Units selected. These defaults are determined by Left
(Bottom / Top Limit - Y axis) and Right limit values in a loginfo file.
(Lower / Upper Limit - Z axis) For the Y axis, left and right limits are translated to bottom and
top, respectively.
For the Z axis, left and right limits are translated to lower and
upper, respectively.
3. For the X axis, change the Right limit to 0.5 and the Coarse grid lines
to Magenta.
4. For the Y axis, change the Bottom limit to 3.2 (3200) and the Coarse grid
lines to Blue.
5. Click Apply.
Exercise 3
FIELD/BUTTON DESCRIPTION
FIELD/BUTTON DESCRIPTION
2. With the Style set to Marker, using the Appearance Palette set the color to
Blue and the Marker to Ball.
3. In the Color section remove the Expression GR_COR and click Apply.
6. Observe the crossplot. "Ball" is ignored and filled rectangles for each grid cell
containing X/Y values are displayed.
Crossplot with the marker style Crossplot with the solid fill style
Color Section
The following table describes the Color section components of the Color tab as
shown in Figure 8:
2. Click Apply.
The Color Bar specified (i.e., gr.qualify) is ignored and the values are
displayed according to the expression. Note the expression displayed
beneath the color bar on the crossplot. See Figure 10.
FIELD/BUTTON DESCRIPTION
Expression A log name or an expression determines the color of the data values.
RAINBOW expression
A rainbow expression can be used as an alternative to selecting an
Expression and Color Bar. For example, for the expression syntax
RAINBOW(GR,0,200), GR is a log name and the values represent the
range to be displayed. Values within the range are displayed according to
the color spectrum between blue and red.
WELL_NO expression
When processing multiple wells, remove the Color Bar and click on the
Dropdown List button to select WELL_NO to have each well display in a
default color assigned from the Appearance palette.
Alternatively, a Color Bar may be specified to select specific colors from the
Color Bar for each well (see WELL_NO as a Color Expression for an
example).
Note: When using WELL_NO, a Color Bar is not displayed, as the well
names in the legend identify the wells and colors.
INTERVAL_NO expression
When processing multiple intervals, remove the Color Bar and click the
Dropdown List button to select INTERVAL_NO to have each interval
specified for processing display in a default color assigned from the
Appearance palette.
Display Value This enables you to select the required set of values to display the data:
• Minimum, Maximum, Average, or Frequency.
FIELD/BUTTON DESCRIPTION
Color Bar If no Color Bar is selected, the data point colors are determined directly by
the Color Expression. If the Color Expression evaluates to a string (e.g.
"GREEN"), then that color will be used. If the Color Expression evaluates
to a whole number, (e.g. WELL_NO), then a color will be automatically
selected from the Appearance Palette to represent each number.
You can enter/select a qualify function which determines the color
representation of expression values using one of the following:
• The Dropdown List button to select from existing Qualify functions.
The default reserved qualify functions Rainbow and Grayscale can be
used to automatically create a color bar if an appropriate color bar does not
exist. When selected, all displayed data is encompassed within the color
(or grayscale) range. For example, if GR is entered and the displayed data
is within the range of GR values 21 and 176, the Color Bar encompasses
these values within the rainbow or grayscale color range of 20 to 180.
• The File Select icon to open the File Select Dialog Box to select the
qualify function from another location.
Figure 10: Using Rainbow Expression to Identify Formation Colors with Solid Color
Colormaps
Colormaps are used in Geolog for various functions such as displaying array data
image logs (representing vertical and horizontal variation in formation properties),
and representing the Color axis on crossplots. These colormaps can be changed,
or new ones created, as required.
Colormaps are QUALIFY functions, and are located in, and saved to, the functions
directory with an extension of .qualify.
Color cells
) Name indicates the colormap currently displayed. Check this name is the
same as the color bar title displayed in the crossplot to ensure you are
saving changes to the correct colormap, as it is possible to display the
properties of another colormap within the currently open colormap (using
File > Import).
If a colormap has not been specified before clicking on the Colormap icon,
or when you select File > New, a default "rainbow" style colormap titled
"no_name" is displayed in Manual mode. To create a new map, you can
change this rainbow style, or open an existing colormap (File > Open) and
make the required changes.
5. Click the File>> button and select Import... to import the properties of another
colormap.
6. Locate and select fms.qualify. NOTE the name displayed in the Name field
and the crossplot color bar title are different.
7. Click the File>> button and select New to start a new colormap, and Discard
the changes.
8. Click the File>> button and select Size... to open the Colormap size dialog
box.
11. Click the Tools>> button. Note all the options are grayed out, this is because
there are no color cells selected.
12. Click and drag across the color cells to select them (each selected cell is
outlined in red).
18. Click on the Appearance palette icon and change the color of the cell.
21. Click on the Function field Dropdown List button and select an option.
22. Adjust the red control points. Geolog dynamically displays the changes in the
Function Colormap area.
24. Click on the File>> button and save your colormap as mycolors. (Enter the
name at the end of the path in the Selection field; if a /functions directory
does not exist for your project, Geolog will create one now.)
26. On the Color tab of the Properties dialog box, click the Color Bar File Select
icon to locate and select your new colormap.
) See the Using Geolog online help for detailed information on colormaps.
Symbol Section
You use the Symbol section of the Color tab to select the symbol used to display
values. The following table explains the fields in the Symbol section:
The Log Select icon enables you to select the required log, or
enter a log name or expression.
When using expressions, ensure the appropriate Style is selected
(e.g. toggle on "Marker" if SYMBOL is entered to display the
symbol specified in the well header constants, "Fill" if a lithology log
is selected, "Text" if WELL_NO is selected).
Ensure a Color Expression has been selected and then click on the
Dropdown List button to select one of four special Symbol
Expressions: MINIMUM, MAXIMUM, AVERAGE or FREQUENCY
to provide direct access to the statistics accumulated for each grid
cell for the Color Expression. These special expressions are
usually only meaningful when the Symbol Style is set to Text.
If the expression WELL_NO is used in Multiwell Processing, values
are identified by a number for each well selected for processing.
Style The style of displayed symbols.
Marker:
If the Symbol Expression evaluates to a string (e.g. "BALL"), then a
marker with that name will be used.
If the Symbol Expression evaluates to a whole number (e.g.
WELL_NO), then a marker will be automatically selected from the
Appearance palette to represent each number.
If the marker cannot be found, an error message is generated and,
in Multiwell Processing, the marker is not displayed in the Well
Legend.
Fill:
If the Symbol Expression evaluates to a string (e.g. "SS") then a fill
pattern with that name will be used.
If the Symbol Expression evaluates to a whole number (e.g.
WELL_NO) then a fill pattern will be automatically selected from
the Appearance palette to represent each number.
If the fill cannot be found, an error message is generated and, in
Multiwell Processing, the fill is not displayed in the Well Legend.
Text:
Symbol Expression values are displayed as text (e.g. select a
depth log as the expression to show the depth for displayed
values).
Exercise 4
Filter
The Filter tab in the Properties dialog box is used to:
• adjust a 3D display
5. Click Apply
) See the Xplot online help for further information on using the Properties
dialog box.
Exercise 5
Functions
Explained in "Geolog Functions" on Page 34.
Exercise 6
Titles
The Titles tab is used to format the sheet and axes titles. The title may contain up
to four lines of fixed or variable text which are displayed above a crossplot.
2. Format your display area by changing the colors and text for some of the
options.
3. Click the Border button and change the appearance of the presentation
sheet.
4. Click Apply.
Exercise 7
Ancillaries
The Ancillaries tab is used to modify the appearance of the legends, Statistics
Diagram and display box (the area that encloses the displayed values).
Appearance Well Legend When multiple wells are open, and/or Functions exist, legends
Function Legend are automatically created at the bottom of the crossplot.
Click in each of the fields to display the Appearance Palette to
select the required formatting options.
Statistics Diagram Shows the number of X and Y values inside and outside the
Xplot grid limits.
The top number inside the box (in this example, 3521)
indicates the total number of samples inside the Xplot grid; the
lower number (3524) indicates the total number of samples.
The numbers outside the box represent the number and
location of the samples outside the grid. In this example there
are two samples off to the right of the grid and one below.
Number of displayed values is reduced not only by crossplot
limits but also filter expressions and intervals selected for
processing.
Change the appearance using the Statistics Diagram field on
the Ancillaries tab.
X, Y and Z Axis The length in paper units from limit to limit of each axis as
Length determined by the default unit system. Alternative dimensions
can be entered with scroll bars appearing when a length
exceeds that which can be displayed in the Xplot window.
Box Edge Click in these fields to open the Appearance Palette to format
the background and edge appearance of the graphical display
Background
box.
Step 3: Frequency
Procedure
Geolog’s Frequency application is used to display the data distribution of a single log as a
histogram and as a cumulative frequency curve. Statistical information about the log is also
displayed. Single (Well) or multiwell (Well or Project) frequencies can be displayed. In this
step, you will:
Exercise 1
5. On the Filter tab, add the following Filter Expression to filter out specific data:
— GR_COR<50
6. Click Apply to display the results (see Figure 14).
9. Change the Appearance of the Frequency to a solid Fill and select a color.
11. Change the appearance of the Frequency so that the histogram is displayed
as a Line rather than a bar.
13. On the Ancillaries tab, change the color of the Statistics Diagram.
14. Click OK to close the dialog box and apply your changes.
16. Change the report file name using today’s date (e.g. 28_05_histogram).
17. Click OK to close the dialog box and create the text file
28_05_histogram.rpt in the project’s /reports directory.
The report is automatically displayed as a PDF in a separate window.
18. Take a look at the report and then close the PDF.
Within Geolog, there are two main categories of functions, Geolog supplied and user
defined/created. In this step, you will:
GEOLOG Functions
Geolog supplied functions are described in detail in the Well and Xplot online help
documentation. They include many mathematical and trigonometric functions, in
addition to many other functions for performing manipulation of data, such as
LIMIT, MIN, MAX, LOCASE, RAINBOW, ROUND, etc.
These functions can either be used in Loglan programs, where they are
incorporated as part of a multi-line sequence of commands and compiled, or within
the Evaluate module, where they are included into a single line expression. In the
following example, an Sw curve is calculated:
Sw = SQRT((a*Rw)/(PHIE**2*RT))
Geolog supplies many predefined functions such as logging company charts for
use in borehole corrections. You can create or modify your own functions by one
of several methods:
• Keyboard input.
User defined functions are stored in the functions directory in the local project
area, and can be moved to the functions directory of the site area for use by
other users. They can be used either in Loglan programs, or within Evaluate
module expressions. There are several different categories of user defined
functions.
The generation of user defined functions is usually carried out within Geolog’s
Xplot application. Exceptions to this general rule are:
• Creation of macros within the Statistics tools found in Geolog’s Well application.
The user defined functions described in "Function Categories" below are stored in
the project functions directory in text format. They can be modified with any text
editor, just as any function created outside Geolog6.6 can be used as long as the
Geolog6.6 format for the respective function is adhered to.
All user defined functions can be used within the Evaluate module and within
Geolog’s Loglan application to generate data.
Function Categories
CHART
CHART functions are x,y,z orderings of data values. The most obvious examples
of these types of functions are the logging company charts for borehole
corrections, porosity calculations, etc. A large selection of these charts are already
digitized and present within Geolog6.6.
CONTRACTOR = Schlumberger
X_MIN = -0.05
X_MAX = 0.45
X_LENGTH = 5
X_SCALE = Linear
X_LOG = NPHI_COR
X_UNITS = V/V
Y_MIN = 1.9
Y_MAX = 3
Y_LENGTH = 5
Y_SCALE = Linear
Y_LOG = RHO_COR
Y_UNITS = G/CC
Z_MIN = 0
Z_MAX = 1
Z_LENGTH = 1
Z_SCALE = Linear
Z_UNITS = ""
APPEARANCE_COLOR = BLACK
APPEARANCE_LINE_STYLE = SOLID
APPEARANCE_LINE_WIDTH = 0.01
APPEARANCE_TEXT_FONT = hershey\:simplex_roman
APPEARANCE_TEXT_SIZE = 0.0984252
APPEARANCE_TEXT_HJUST = LEFT
APPEARANCE_TEXT_VJUST = BOTTOM
X: Y: Z=
-0.033505 2.54778 0
0.276093 1.92529 0
0.0104398 2.65357 0.25
0.320038 2.03107 0.25
0.0543846 2.75935 0.5
0.363983 2.13685 0.5
0.0983294 2.86513 0.75
0.407927 2.24264 0.75
0.142274 2.97092 1
0.451872 2.34842 1
CURVE
CURVE functions define x-y coordinates and return a y-axis value for an input log
on the x-axis. Examples of CURVE functions include:
• Neutron equivalence curves, where an input value of neutron porosity for one
lithology type will return the equivalent neutron porosity for another lithology.
• Sw-Height functions.
CONTRACTOR = ""
X_SCALE = Logarithmic
X_LOG = OH.RT_1
X_UNITS = OHMM
X_MIN = 0.2
X_MAX = 2000
X_LENGTH = 5
Y_SCALE = Linear
Y_LOG = GR
Y_UNITS = GAPI
Y_MIN = 0
Y_MAX = 200
Y_LENGTH = 5
APPEARANCE_COLOR = BLACK
APPEARANCE_LINE_STYLE = SOLID
APPEARANCE_LINE_WIDTH = 0.01
APPEARANCE_MARKER_STYLE = ""
APPEARANCE_MARKER_SIZE = 0.0984252
APPEARANCE_TEXT_FONT = hershey\:simplex_roman
APPEARANCE_TEXT_SIZE = 0.0984252
X: Y=
2.09923 196.012
2.42709 147.482
3.86163 99.5819
10.6649 67.4384
51.1261 40.337
259.741 20.7988
1815.915 8.82371
QUANTIFY
QUANTIFY functions are used to return numeric values for a given input from an
alphanumeric log. An example of this could be the use of a lithology code log to
return values of matrix density. For example:
SS 2.65
LS 2.71
DOL 2.84
SH 2.5
QUALIFY
QUALIFY functions are used to generate alphanumeric output for a given input
numeric range. An example of the use of a QUALIFY function is to generate a
lithology code log for given ranges of a matrix density log. For instance:
FROM TO OUTPUT
QUALIFY functions can also be used in the Xplot application as color bars,
mapping color codes to given ranges of the z-axis log.
CHMAP
CHMAP functions are used for the generation of an alphanumeric log for given
input of another alphanumeric log. An example of the CHMAP function could be to
convert existing lithology codes to Geolog6.6-recognized lithology codes, or for
converting formation names to Geolog6.6 lithology codes. For example:
BRENT SS
LIME LS
DOLO DOL
KIMM SH
INPUT: RESULT=
LIMEST LS
SANDST SS
SHALE SH
SILTST ST
DOLO DOL
GRANITE GT
BASALT BS
POLYGON
POLYGON functions are pairs of values of x,y that define a polygon, typically
within a crossplot. They return a logical value (TRUE/FALSE), and can be used to
assign the polygon name to any point that is found within the polygon. An example
of this could be to insert polygons in the density/neutron Xplot to define shale,
sandstone and limestone regions, and then create a lithology log from the x,y data.
CONTRACTOR = Schlumberger
X_SCALE = Linear
X_LOG = NPHI
X_UNITS = V/V
X_MIN = -0.05
X_MAX = 0.45
X_LENGTH = 5
Y_SCALE = Linear
Y_LOG = RHO
Y_UNITS = G/CC
Y_MIN = 1.9
Y_MAX = 3
Y_LENGTH = 5
APPEARANCE_COLOR = GREEN
APPEARANCE_LINE_STYLE = SOLID
APPEARANCE_LINE_WIDTH = 0.01
APPEARANCE_FILL_STYLE = SOLID
APPEARANCE_FILL_SIZE = 0.393701
APPEARANCE_TEXT_FONT = hershey\:simplex_roman
APPEARANCE_TEXT_SIZE = 0.0984252
X: Y=
0.12805 2.05712
0.0933853 2.22005
0.0429641 2.4315
0.094961 2.5043
0.184774 2.39337
0.288768 2.14725
0.2478 1.98779
0.12805 2.05712
MACRO
MACRO functions are expressions applied to a single, or multiple, input
variable(s). Examples of macros are regression equations (single input variables),
and multiple regression expressions (multiple input variables).
CHMAP, QUANTIFY and QUALIFY functions can be created using the Create
button on the Functions tab of the Properties dialog box. All function types can be
viewed and edited using the Function Maintenance dialog box.
) These functions can also be accessed via View > Function Maintenance.
MACRO functions can be created using the regression tools provided in the Xplot
application, or by the use of the Statistical functions found on the General >
Statistics menu in Well or Project.
Exercise 1
POLYGON Functions
In this exercise you will learn how to create POLYGON functions on a Xplot,
display the corresponding points within a layout, and calculate a log from the
POLYGON functions.
1. Select Well > View > Close All to close all open views, and Discard all
changes.
Sand Region
Shale Region
Dolomite Region
6. Select Insert > Polygon from the Xplot menu to create a shale polygon.
— Give it a name of SH (the Geolog lithology fill code for shale) and click OK.
— The cursor changes to a pencil. Draw the polygon around the shale
grouping by clicking a series of points around it with the left mouse button,
and terminating with the middle mouse button or ESC key. This creates a
colored polygon surrounding the shale data points, and is reflected in the
Xplot polygon track in the layout.
7. Repeat Step 6.
— for the sandstone points; use Geolog’s code, SS, for the name, and
— the limestone/siltstone points; use Geolog’s code, DM, for the name.
9. Ensure the Xplot view is active (selected) and select Tools > Highlight
Polygons.
SS
SH
DM
Figure 16: Polygons inserted on a crossplot and displayed in layout - Scale track
10. Select Tools > Highlight Cancel to remove the highlighting in all views.
11. Select Tools > Calculate Log... from the Xplot menu to open the Calculate
Log dialog box.
12. Enter WIRE.LITH for the output log, insert the comment Lithology from
polygons. and click OK.
13. Insert a Lithology track in the layout and specify WIRE.LITH as the log and
click OK.
14. Maximize the layout to view the relevant Lithology codes displayed.
Exercise 2
1. Open the Xplot Properties dialog box and select the Functions tab. Note the
names of the 3 POLYGON and 2 CHART functions attached to the crossplot
display.
Porosity chart
(mi_cple.chart)
5. Select Tools > Calculate Log. As the chart is selected, the Chart function is
invoked automatically.
7. Click OK.
8. To view this log, insert it into a wireline track on the layout.
Exercise 3
CHART Functions
This exercise will show you how to use the tools within the Xplot application to
create a user defined CHART function.
As the data in the Xplot trends from clean sand (upper left data points) to shale
(lower right), a CHART function can be created to define this linear transition, and
thereby calculate a Volume of Shale curve.
2. Select Insert > Chart to display the Insert chart dialog box.
5. A pencil icon is displayed within the crossplot for you to define the line
denoting the Z Start value (0):
) Open the Position dialog box to aid with insertion at precise locations.
— Begin inserting a baseline by left mouse clicking on the first end point of
the line towards the zero % point on the sandstone line at the data points
RHOB=2.5 NPHI=0.00 (RHOB=2500, NPHI=0.00).
— To specify the other end point of this baseline insert this point in the upper
right quadrant of the crossplot, intersecting the sandstone cluster of data
points RHOB=1.95 NPHI=0.3 (RHOB=1950,NPHI=0.00). The full baseline
(0% Vshale) is now be drawn (see Figure 19).
Sand baseline
— Insert a point that lies on the 100% shale line. The length and orientation
are controlled by the baseline. This point should be somewhere in the
shale cluster of data RHOB=2.6, NPHI=0.3 (RHOB=2600, NPHI=0.3).
The full chart, with incremental values of 0.1, is drawn and remains selected
(see Figure 20). This chart can now be used to calculate a continuous log of
shale volume.
6. Select Tools > Calculate Log... If the dnvsh chart is currently selected, the
chart is automatically invoked.
Exercise 4
MACRO Functions
This exercise will show you how to construct a MACRO function using the multiple
regression tool, to facilitate the reconstruction of the density log. This is a useful
facility if a section of log data is missing.
3. Fill in the fields for this module as follows (and as shown in Figure 21):
This calculates the regression, places the MACRO function in the project’s
functions directory, places the regression report in the project’s reports
directory, and automatically displays the report.
) The logs to be input into this function must be in the order in which they were
entered/selected in the multiple regression calculation, as this is the order in
which they appear within the macro.
8. Click Start.
9. Create a new layout and view the original WIRE.RHOB curve with the new
WIRE.RHOB_RECON curve.
Exercise 5
1. Display the Module Launcher (or select General > Evaluate, if you closed the
Module Launcher in the last exercise).
— EXPRESSION: ifc(rhob<>missing,rhob,rhob_recon).
5. Now on the Module Launcher make GR the Sampling Control Log (in the
Selection section) and repeat steps 2 and 3.
Exercise 6
QUALIFY Functions
This exercise will demonstrate the construction of QUALIFY functions and the use
of these functions in the calculation of continuous alphanumeric data responding
to a given numeric log input. The Gamma Ray curve will be used to estimate
lithology.
QUALIFY functions are applied within the Evaluate module or within Loglan
programs.
8. Display the Module Launcher (or select General > Evaluate, if it was closed).
— EXPRESSION: grlith(gr).
) Remember, you can change this data later, so ensure that the character
length allows for this.
— GR in a wireline track
— shade to the right limit with LITH_GR as the shading log.
12. Close all open views—Well > View > Close All and Discard changes.
Procedure
This section explains the Petrophysical workflow, which includes the Determin workflow.
Deterministic petrophysics in Geolog6.6 follows a well structured path that reflects the
expected workflow through a full analysis. This is reflected in the Petrophysics menu
structure of the online help documentation, and is also reflected on the Petrophysics menu
in Geolog’s Well application.
Determin Quickin
1. Precalc
These are a group of modules for the correction of raw wireline log data for
the effects of borehole conditions, etc., and are based on digitized borehole
correction charts or coded algorithms provided by the wireline logging
contractors.
3. Analysis
φ cwb φ fw φh
φe
φt
• Use the precalc module to create borehole and formation condition logs.
• Use various other modules to borehole correct the logs required for analysis.
Definitions
1. φ t = φ e + φ cwb
2. φ t = φ e + V sh φ tsh
φ fw
3. S we = -------
φe
( φ fw + φ cwb )
4. S wt = -----------------------------
-
φt
( φt – φe )
5. S wb = --------------------
φt
6. φ h = φ t ( 1 – S wt ) = φ e ( 1 – S we )
( S wt – S wb )
7. S we = --------------------------
-
( 1 – S wb )
Free water consists of all water that is not clay bound water and as such, includes
irreducible water.
Exercise 1
— Process: Range
— Interval Log: set to none (blank)
— Top Limit: WELL_TOP
— Bottom Limit: WELL_BOTTOM
) The PEF log failed in this well and therefore, the data is not available.
Note: Two views are open, the module (precalc) and a layout (precomp). Some modules are
linked to predefined layouts which can be tailored for your requirements.
The Well header constants are already loaded for this well, so all the input
fields in this module should be completed. If constants are not yet entered,
they can be entered at this point.
The Save As dialog box with a list of all new curves created in the current
session is displayed. At this point, you can deselect those curves that you do
not wish to save back to the database.
We want to save this data as it is basic data that does not change through the
evaluation process, and is required as input for modules run later in the
tutorial.
Exercise 2
2. Ensure all input fields are filled, and CORR_GR is set to Yes, as shown in
Figure 25.
3. Click Start.
Exercise 3
2. Ensure all the input fields are completed as shown in Figure 26.
3. Click Start.
Exercise 4
This is the environmental correction for the NPHI tool in open hole.
If only certain corrections for the borehole are required (for example, the
mudweight correction option is not required), they can be toggled from YES to
NO. In this example, all corrections will be applied.
3. Click Start.
The resulting corrected neutron log is placed into the layout (see Figure 28).
) For logs run with automatic caliper correction, use the Caliper log that was
run with the Neutron log. For logs without automatic caliper correction, enter
the fixed (constant) value of the Panel Setting and use this to satisfy the
input for the CALI_POR log. If no hole size correction was applied on
acquisition, then set OPT_CACO to NO.
Exercise 5
2. As shown in Figure 29, ensure that the input fields are completed. Most of
these inputs are calculated in the precalc module.
3. Click Start.
Exercise 6
2. Ensure that the input fields are completed as shown in Figure 30.
) This module carries out borehole corrections upon the Laterolog curves,
and then applies invasion corrections to them to derive values of True
formation resistivity (Rt) and diameter of invasion.
3. Click Start.
All corrected resistivity curves and diameter of invasion are displayed in the
laterlog_env layout (see Figure 31).
Procedure
There are several methods available within Geolog6.6 to interactively pick petrophysical
parameters for use in deterministic analysis. These methods include picking lithology points
from Xplots, picking minima and maxima for log values from histograms, and the interactive
determination of water resistivity (Rw) and saturation constants from Pickett plots. In this
step, you will:
• Format the Datum to set the location where the parameters are to be stored.
Overview
The petrophysical parameters, when named correctly, are automatically used by the analysis
programs supplied with Geolog.
The location for storing these parameters is dependant upon the processing mode chosen
from the Datum dialog box:
• If intervals are being processed, then the parameters are stored within the
interval set as new logs.
• If a range is being processed, then the parameters are stored within the
well_header constants.
Exercise 1
— Process Intervals
— Interval Log: TOPS.TOPS
— Intervals to Process: A
4. Click OK to accept the changes and close the Datum window.
Exercise 2
Crossplots
This exercise will show you how to pick matrix, shale, and coal points from the
density-neutron crossplot for use in log analysis programs supplied within
Geolog6.6.
This starts the Xplot application and opens a density-neutron crossplot that
has extended axes to reflect the appearance of minerals with petrophysical
properties that are not normally seen when the standard axes are used.
3. On the Filter tab set the following parameters (as shown in Figure 32):
4. Click OK.
Figure 33: RHO NPHI GR crossplot with Points, Extended Axes and Histogram
Display Set
5. Select the MA point, click and hold the middle mouse button to drag the point
to the formation matrix position, and release the mouse button.
After releasing the mouse button, the Point dialog box is displayed.
6. Adjust the NPHI and RHO values as required and click OK. This writes the
values for NPHI and RHO to new logs in the interval set.
7. Move the SH and CCUT points to a location you think best represents the
shale and coal cutoff points.
10. Move the points to the appropriate location for this interval.
) Even if a point does not need adjusting, you still have to double click the
point (to open the Point dialog box) and click OK to create the new log/
constant and close the dialog box.
11. Open a Text view, select the interval (TOPS) set for the well, and click on the
Log Values tab to view the values for the points.
12. Close the crossplot and the text view, and discard the changes.
) If you save a crossplot after adjusting points, the file will be saved with the
new point locations (on the crossplot, not in the database) to the currently
open project’s /layouts directory. Then, when you select that crossplot
from the menu, this file will be opened, and the points will be in those
locations, even if you are using a different well. You must open the crossplot
from the release directory, or remove the crossplot from your project
directory, in order to open the original crossplot with the unadjusted points.
Exercise 3
This exercise will show you how to pick a shale point from the gamma ray/sonic
crossplot and transit time values to reflect values for shale, for use in the
calculation of shale volume and porosity.
1. Select Petrophysics > Parameter Picking > dt gr cali to start the Xplot
application with a gamma ray sonic crossplot (see Figure 34).
3. Shift the shale point to reflect the gamma ray and transit time of the shale in
this interval.
Exercise 4
Histograms
Parameter picking from histograms allows the picking of petrophysical points from
a distribution of a single log.
In this exercise, you will fine tune gamma ray values to reflect values for matrix
and shale, for use in the calculation of shale volume.
To fine tune the matrix and shale points from the gamma ray distribution:
1. Open a new Frequency histogram—Well > View > New > Frequency.
4. On the Data tab, specify the GR_COR log to be displayed in the histogram.
5. Click OK.
6. Select Insert > Point... and insert a point in the population that reflects a
clean sand region.
8. Insert another point in the shale region of the histogram and name it SH.
) The 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles are displayed on histograms by default.
These can be useful when picking the matrix and shale points. If other
percentile values are required, then open the Properties dialog box, select
the HISTOGRAM tab and specify the values to be displayed.
10. Move the points, SH and MA, to the appropriate location for this interval.
12. Open a Text view to view the points reflecting values of gamma ray for matrix
and shale, as well as the percentile values.
Exercise 5
Pickett Plots
Pickett plots are a log-log Xplot of porosity versus resistivity and are used to
estimate water resistivity (Rw), and saturation constants.
This exercise uses the Pickett Plot facility supplied with Geolog to determine
parameters used within water saturation calculations.The Pickett plot templates in
Geolog display the log data required, in addition to a chart reflecting values of
water saturation. With the correct petrophysical parameters, the chart selected in
this exercise will match the water saturations seen in the data.
2. Select Well > Save to save the logs you have created in the previous
exercises.
5. Select Petrophysics > Parameter Picking > Pickett Plots > nphi rxo gr to
start the Xplot application and open the required Pickett Plot template.
The chart can be modified in one of two ways; via a dialog box or graphically,
using the mouse.
— Process: Range
— Interval log: TOPS.TOPS
— Top Limit: MULBRING SILTSTONE
— Bottom Limit: BRANXTON FM
The Edit Pickett dialog box opens with values for a, Rw and m. If any of these
values are changed, then this will be reflected in the chart (see Figure 37).
The Edit Pickett dialog box defines the positioning of a Ro line and additional
water saturation lines. The Ro line is defined where Sw=100% or 1. The line is
labeled:
Sw=75%
) Rxo data can be useful for fine tuning the m value in some wells.
14. The gradient of the chart "m" can also be adjusted by:
— selecting the Ro chart and then selecting Edit > Edit Object OR double
clicking on the chart—the Edit Pickett dialog box opens and a pivot point
appears on the leftmost line (see Figure 37)
— click and release on any one of the lines but NOT on the pivot point;
(changed your mind? press ESC to restart)
— make adjustments, as required, until the gradient of the chart lines reflects
the gradient of the data points
— click OK in the Edit Pickett dialog box to finish modifications.
15. Now, select Petrophysics > Parameter Picking > Pickett Plots > nphi rt gr.
16. Use the same M value (1.7) and filter expression (CALI<9.5 & GR_COR<75)
or CALI<242 & GR_COR<75), and estimate Rw.
) These parameters can be fine tuned once a shale corrected PHIT has been
calculated.
Step 8: Analysis
Procedure
The petrophysical programs supplied within Geolog are represented on the Determin menu
structure, in the order that most analyses would be carried out (i.e., identify coals/badhole -
calculate shale volume - calculate porosity - calculate water saturation).
• Identify coals.
• Calculate a log derived permeability curve using the Coates Free Fluid
Index method.
• Calculate values for matrix density, transit time and photoelectric cross-section
and the application of these curves for the determination of matrix mineralogy.
Exercise 1
— Process: Intervals
— Interval Log: TOPS.TOPS
— Intervals to process: A and B
6. Within the Badhole (module) window set the following inputs (also shown in
Figure 39).
) Select the ALL checkbox to enter the values simultaneously for both intervals.
7. Click Start.
Bad hole conditions are flagged in the depth track of the layout.
Exercise 2
Identify Coals
This exercise shows you how to identify coals in the logged interval for use in later
analysis routines.
4. Click Start.
5. Investigate the layout to identify the coal zones flagged by this routine.
) The coal indictors are available to turn on or off for any intervals selected if
Datum is set to "Intervals". If any of the coal indicators are not required, then
the corresponding input log name must be set to MISSING—this is done by
clicking on the appropriate value box and pressing BACKSPACE.
Some editing of the coal values on the shoulder regions may be required. This can
be done by selecting Well > View > Text.
Exercise 3
1. Select Petrophysics > Determin > Shale Volume > Gamma Ray.
Geolog automatically uses the values for the parameters MA and SH that you
picked from the histogram in Exercise 4 on Page 77.
Your module should look similar to the one shown in Figure 41.
) As OPT_COAL is set to "No", the coal flag (COAL) for Interval B is not
applicable.
3. Click Start.
7. Compare the results using Xplot. Which one seems more reliable?
Exercise 4
2. Enter the following module input parameters (as shown in Figure 42):
— OPT_PHITYPE TOTAL
This means the module outputs both effective and
total porosity. Total porosity is only calculated if a
value for PHIT_SH is nominated.
— OPT_SON: FLD_OBSA (field observed).
— DT_MA: 55 us/f (188.44 us/m) for matrix transit time for zones A
and B.
— DT_SH: The shale transit time is picked up from the parameters
chosen on the DT-GR Xplot.
— PHIT_SH: 0.1 for shale total porosity (this is equal to the volume of
clay bound water in the true shale) for both Zones.
3. Click Start.
The values of PHIE and PHIT (effective and total porosity values) are
displayed in the layout.
Exercise 5
The density and neutron values interactively picked from the Xplot are utilized
by default.
2. Click Start.
The new values for PHIE and PHIT replace the previously calculated curves
in the layout. A secondary porosity index log is calculated from the
comparison of the porosity curve from the sonic log with the newly created
density-neutron porosity curve. This is displayed in the layout as SPI.
3. Compare the results between the Density neutron porosity and the Sonic
porosity. Which one looks more reliable?
5. Try some of the other porosity methods and compare the results.
) If you want to know how a porosity is calculated in Geolog, select Help > On
Petrophysics..., click on Determin and then select the method you are
interested in.
Exercise 6
1. Select Petrophysics > Determin > Water Saturation > Total Shale.
4. Click Start.
5. To view the curves displaying values for Swe and Sxoe, change the SWT log
name in the right track in the layout.
Values for bulk volume of water in the flushed and unflushed zones are
displayed and shaded within the porosity curve track, indicating the amount of
movable hydrocarbon.
Exercise 7
4. Click Start. The re-calculated porosity and water saturation curves will
replace the already existing logs displayed in the layout.
Exercise 8
Permeability Calculation
This exercise calculates a log derived permeability curve using the Coates Free
Fluid Index method.
1. Select Petrophysics > Determin > Permeability > Coates Free Fluid Index.
3. Ensure that the remaining fields are completed as shown Figure 47.
Exercise 9
Matrix Analysis
This exercise shows you how to calculate values for matrix density, transit time
and photoelectric cross-section, and the application of these curves for the
determination of matrix mineralogy.
1. Select Petrophysics > Determin > Lithology > True Matrix Properties.
Values for Matrix density (RHO_MAT), Matrix transit time (DT_MAT) and
Matrix cross-section (U_MAT) are calculated and output as logs. These are
true shale corrected matrix values. The true values are used for the
apportionment of mineral volumes. Initially values for apparent matrix values
(e.g. RHO_MAA, . . .) can be calculated and crossplotted for the identification
of the types of minerals present.
Exercise 10
1. Select Petrophysics > Determin > Lithology > 3 Mineral Rhoma Dtma (MID).
This module allows ternary mineral distribution of any three of quartz, calcite,
anhydrite and dolomite. If the default matrix values are changed, then any
other mineral of known properties can be incorporated into the analysis.
2. Ensure the fields are completed as shown in Figure 49 and then click Start to
process the module.
The mineral proportions are placed into the layout shaded between the
Vshale and porosity curves.
Exercise 11
Pay Sensitivity
This exercise explains how to carry out sensitivity analysis on the effect of cutoffs
to pay computations. The output is a report file.
This module uses cutoff logs specified to calculate a pay summary for each
permutation of these cutoffs.
— REPORT_FILE_OUT paysens.rpt
— PHI_CUTOFFS: 0.06 0.08 0.1
— SW_CUTOFFS: 0.4 0.5 0.6
— CUTOFF_VALUES1: 0.45 0.5 0.55
— CUTOFF_TYPE1: < (less than)
— PHI: PHIE
— CUTOFF_LOG1: VSH
3. Click Start.
Because a file extension .rpt was specified for the report file, paysens.rpt,
the report is generated in ASCII format and automatically opened for viewing
within a text viewer, and is written to the reports directory in the local project
area. If no file extension is specified, by default, the report file is generated as
a pdf. For more information refer to the online help, Using Geolog - Report
Creation and Printing.
Exercise 12
Pay Summary
This module is used to define the cutoffs, flag generation, lumping, averaging and
output of processed results. It is an interactive specification file builder that
enables you to specify and save the functionality required for a particular well,
field, or oil company philosophy.
The advantage of the pay summary function is that all lumps can be created in a
single specification, and then applied over multiple intervals and wells.
Select the Paysum menu or click on the Select the View menu or a Toolbar button to
Toolbar icons for functions such as New, display the relevant window.
Open, Save, Exit.
Figure 52: Default Pay Summary Specification - Cutoff and Flags Screen
— customized and saved (Paysum > Save) to create a new default pay
summary specification; or
— modified and saved to create a new pay summary specification (Paysum
> Save As).
The new specification is saved in the specs directory of the current project.
To make the new default file available to all users at your Site, copy it to the
specs directory of the Site project.
The Flags section is the same as the one previously defined in the Cutoffs
and Flags window.
The Lumping section is used to define each lump and its standalone
thickness, minimum include thickness, and maximum separation thickness.
You can also choose to create an output set of the cumulative results for each
lump. The "Create Interval Set" is not currently functional.
5. Change the lumping criteria to create output sets for RESERVOIR and
GOODPAY, and no output set for SANDA (as shown in Figure 54).
10. In the Well window, select Petrophysics > Pay Summary > New Pay
Summary to open the tp_paysummary module.
— REPORT_FILE_PFX: silt_paysummary
— REPORT_DEPTHS: none
— REPORT_ZONES: no
— PAYSUMMARY: silt_ps (or whatever name you used to save
your pay summary specification).
Procedure
This step describes how to analyze multiple wells in the Well application. You will:
Overview
Multiwell analysis is carried out within Geolog’s Well and Project applications. In Well, several
wells can be loaded into memory, processed, and the changes saved to the database or
discarded, as required. You should use the Well application where only a few wells need to be
open at one time. Where a large numbers of wells are to be processed simultaneously, use
the Project application, as the wells are not stored in memory, and data is immediately
processed, and saved to the database.
) Interactive parameter picking is still allowed on a multiwell basis, with any parameters
being written back to all of the selected wells.
Exercise 1
1. Select Well > View > Close All and Discard any changes.
2. Select Well > Open Multiple... to display the Select Multiple dialog box.
4. Click OK.
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Multiwell Histograms
In this exercise, you will display a histogram of both the wells at the same time.
3. In the Log Expression field on the Data tab, enter or select the GR.
4. Click Apply.
The GR logs for both wells is displayed. These are stacked so that the
frequency distribution for all wells selected for processing are shown (see
Figure 57).
6. Click OK.
This changes the histogram display from a stacked bar style to a style with
each of the well frequency distributions displayed unstacked, with a further
line display representing the average frequency distribution for both wells
(see Figure 58).
Exercise 4
3. Within the Gr Point dialog box, name the point MA and click OK.
4. Repeat the process for the shale point, and name this point SH (about
150 API).
5. Save the wells. The MA and SH values are written back to each of the wells,
as indicated by the Message area (see Figure 59).
Note: If you were using Project to insert the matrix and shale points, the values would be
automatically written back to the wells, and saving the wells would not be required.
Figure 59: Messages Displayed After Inserting Points for Multiple Wells
6. Select Well > View > New > Text and look in the TOPS set to verify the
values are written to each well.
Exercise 5
2. Open the Position dialog box and use the co-ordinates to position the two
points as shown in the step 3. and 4.
3. Select MA with the middle mouse button and move the point to about
2.64 g/cc RHO and 0.0 v/v NPHI).
4. Repeat the process for the shale point, positioning it at about 2.561 g/cc and
0.342 v/v).
Exercise 6
1. Select Petrophysics > Quickin > Shaley Modules > Vsh Gamma.
Parameter location
indicators
The module is identical to the Quickin modules in single well analysis, with
one exception—to the right of the Name column there is an additional column
that denotes the location of the parameters to be used in the analysis.
— GR_MA: 25 API
— GR_SH: 145 API
3. Click Start to calculate continuous shale volume curves for each well,.
Procedure
Loglan is a multi-document interface (MDI) application and therefore, multiple views can be
displayed concurrently (e.g., a Text view, Layout view and 2 Xplot views).
This step shows you how to create and run a simple Loglan program for use in Geolog.
Exercise 1
This exercise will introduce you to the Loglan interface, and show you how to
create a simple program for use in Geolog’s Module Launcher.
Loglan is the programming language supplied with Geolog. Once you have written
the code, and the code has been debugged, the program is first translated from
Loglan to C, and then compiled using an ANSI C compiler.
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1. Click the Loglan button on the Geolog Launcher Bar to start Loglan (see
Figure 61).
2. Select Loglan > New to display the Details dialog box which prompts for
details on the Loglan you are about to create.
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4. Click OK.
Inserting Variables
You can insert variables with a mode of input, input/output, and output and Local
variables.
In this example, you will insert three rows on the Input/Output tab for variables
DT,DT_FL, DT_MAS, PHIE_HR, and PHIE.
5. Select Edit > Insert (or press Insert on the keyboard) to display the Insert
Row window.
6. Enter DT (for the sonic log) as the Name, set the Location to Log and the
Mode to Input, and click OK.
7. Repeat steps 5. and 6. using the data provided in the following table.
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8. On the Input/Output tab, for PHIE_HR change Visible to False, so this log is
not visible to the user.
Specifying Units
9. Ensure the units for the variables are set as:
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11. Select the Source tab and enter the Comments and Code as shown in
Figure 63.
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This creates two separate files in the loglan directory of the local project:
filename.info is a file which controls the way in which the input and output
variables are represented in the Module Launcher.
Once compilation has been completed successfully, this program can be run
in the same way as any Geolog supplied program.
GEOLOG 6.6 - Determin Tutorial Step 10: Create a New Loglan Program 119
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15. Start the Well application and open the SILT well.
16. Select General > Module... to open the File Select dialog box.
17. Select the hr_por.info module to invoke the Loglan program you have
just created.
20. Close all the open views and the Well application.
GEOLOG 6.6 - Determin Tutorial Step 10: Create a New Loglan Program 120