Distillation tower

Introduction
A column fractional is to device that allows you to perform a fractional distillation, the
fractional distillation is a basic operation in the chemical industry specifically in the
refinery and is used mainly in the separation of mixtures of liquid components.

Development
A distillation column has multiple components each with its own rule. The heat exchangers
provides the heat requires to vaporize the liquids in the mixture, white the condenser cools
the steam back again to a liquid the tank reflux stores the condensate from the condenser, to
it can be recycled in the column. The column contains trays or plater, help the separation.
The plates are in a vertical box
The column consist or
For several plate in which takes place the contact between the liquid and vapour
The steam is generated by means of the liquid heating fund
The power of the tower may consist of from liquid sub collet to steam over heated
The section above the plate that help is called a section of absorption, while the one they
found beneath this is called exhaustion
Process
Crude oil is stored in a big tank until the refinement process start, when the pipeline suck out
the petroleum by a tomb and is deposited in the heating furnace where the temperature is
around 400°C.Once first phase is finished and flue oil is already heated. The gaseous
petroleum´s flow is absorb by a bomb and then is discharged in the distillation tower through
a pipeline connected at the bottom of this. This gas climbing through the tower and because
of the different temperatures of each component, gas is condensing bit by bit, getting the
totally separation of the divers petroleum´s components.
In each plate there´s a part of the processed petroleum with different characteristics each one.
In the lowest component is the heaviest oil, and the lightest one is at top of the tower. At the
end, when each fuel is in its own transferred individually to other machines to have a their
own process and complete their own process and become in the materials used by people
daily.
 Conclusion
The distillation tower is a tool very useful in the field of refinery, since it allows to separate
the different phases of the petroleum, each element that composes it performs an important
activity in the process or separation of the liquid, at present this tool doesn’t t cause any
damage current environment and doesn’t t emanate toxic gases as well.
 National University of Engineering

Faculty of Chemical engineering

English Work

Distillation tower

Names: Briceño Martínez Amanda Goretti

González Doña Jennifer Dayana
Meza Palacios Osiri de los Ángeles
Rivas Melba Carolina

Teacher: Claudia Ortiz

Group: 1M3Q