I Fortran V S E

INTRODUCTION TO FORTRAN PROGRAMMING IN THE VISUAL STUDIO
1
ENVIRONMENT
• What is a Computer Program?

• Are there different languages at programming?
• What is a Syntax?
• What is a Source Code?
Hint:
A computer program written according to the Syntax of a particular program
language is called a Source Code.
ENVIRONMENT
Steps to prepare a Computer Program
Library of
Functions
Program in Compiler of the Executable

Object
high level Programming + program or
program
language language Application
Hint:
A Library is a group of instructions to evaluate common functions, like trigonometric,
logarithmic functions, etc.
ENVIRONMENT
Program Structure in FORTRAN
PROGRAM name
IMPLICIT NONE
[specification part]
[execution part]
[subprogram part]
END PROGRAM name
Hint:
! Means that the line is a comment. It’s recommended to use ! In order to have a
better explanation what the program does.
The Executable is portable ☺
ENVIRONMENT
Flow Diagram or Pseudocode
Hint:
! Means that the line is a comment.
It’s recommended to use ! in order to have a better explanation what the program
does.
ENVIRONMENT
Exercise #1:
• Prepare a flow diagram that
shows if a number is even or odd.
Exercise #2:
• Lets figure out what does these
flow diagrams do!
Exercise #3:
• Prepare a flow diagram that
shows Bisection method.
Hint:
Bisection Method is in the graph!
Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Bisection_method.svg
ENVIRONMENT
START
Yes
Solution for the x%2 == 0
Exercise #1
No
Print “Even” Print “Odd”
END
Hint:
Even numbers: 2, 4, 6, 8, etc.
Odd numbers: 1, 3, 5, 7, etc.
ENVIRONMENT
Solution for the

Exercise #2
Source:
http://people.revoledu.com/kardi/tutorial/BasicMat http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-f6-
h/Prime/image/Algorithm- Oha58oKU/Up76s15y3rI/AAAAAAAAA6I/AIILGpM_Ag8/s1600/FLOWCHA
RT+FOR+CHECKING+WEITHER+A+NUMBER+IS+PRIME+OR+NOT.PNG
PrimeFactor_clip_image002.jpg
Hint:
Prime numbers are numbers that have no additional divisors other than 1 and itself.
Ex: 2 (PRIME) 3 (PRIME) 4 (NOT PRIME)
2 divided by 1 is 2 3 divided by 1 is 3 4 divided by 1 is 4
2 divided by 2 is 1 3 divided by 2 is NOT INTEGER 4 divided by 2 is 2
3 divided by 3 is 1 4 divided by 3 is NOT INTEGER
4 divided by 4 is 1
ENVIRONMENT
START
Solution for the
Exercise #3 a = x₁
b = x₂
x = (a+b)/2 Bisection Interval
Yes f(a)*f(x)
>0 Decision Shape
No
a=x b=x Update interval
No
|b - a| < ε Decision Shape
Yes
Output:
Root “x”
STOP
ENVIRONMENT
START Check your
Naval Application background
Input knowledge in
Prepare a flow diagram to i, n Numerical
assign the factor in numerical Yes Analysis! ☺
integration Simpson’s 1st rule.
i = 0 or i = n
No
Subindex goes from 0 to n
Factor=…..
If i=0 and n=3, then Factor=? i = even Factor=…
If i=1 and n=5, then Factor=?

Factor=…..
END
∑ [1f
1
+ 4f1 + 2f2 + 4f3 + 2f4 + ... 2fn −2 + 4fn −1 + 1fn ]
Hint: ∫ f ( x ) dx ≈ h
3
0
1st Simpson’s Rule

If you have 2 points, then the factors are: 1, 4, 1.
If you have 6 or more even points, the factors are: 1, 4, 2, 4, … , 4, 1.
n: number of points i: subindex
ENVIRONMENT
Basic Operators
Operator Meaning
+ Addition
- Substraction
/ Division
** Raise to the power of…
* Multiplication
Hint:
…
ENVIRONMENT
Intrinsic Functions
Function Meaning
ABS(x) Absolute Value
ACOS(x) Inverse Cosine
ASIN(x) Inverse Sine
ATAN(x) Inverse Tangent
COS(x) Cosine (Remember that this value inside goes in radians)
EXP(x) Exponential function
LOG(x) Natural Logarithm
LOG10(x) Logarithm to base 10
MAX(x1,x2,…) Maximum value in a range
MIN(x1,x2,…) Minimum value in a range
MOD(x1,x2) x1-int(x1/x2)*x2; the same than the remainder
SQRT(x) Square root function
ENVIRONMENT
Conditional Expressions
Operator Equivalence Meaning

( .lt. ) < Less than
( .le. ) <= Less than or Equal to
( .eq. ) == Equal
( .ge. ) >= Greater than or Equal to
( .gt. ) > Greater than
( .ne. ) /= Not Equal
( .not. ) Not
( .and. ) And
( .or. ) Inclusive or
ENVIRONMENT
Data types
Operator Equivalence Example

real Real real*8 pi
pi= 3.14159265
(real*8 means quite accurate)
integer Integer int n
n=3
complex Complex complex comp
comp=(1,0,2,0)
comp=1+2i
character Alphanumeric Character hello
hello=‘Hola’
logical Logic Logical logic
Logic=.true.
(it can also be false) ☺
ENVIRONMENT
Basic Control Structures
Decision with 1 alternative: Decision with 2 alternatives:

if (condition) then if (condition) then
… …
… else
… …
end if end if
Decision with multiple alternatives:

if (condition1) then
…
else if (condition2) then
…
else
…
end if
ENVIRONMENT
Let’s start using FORTRAN
program example
! My first program
write(*,*) ’Hello there’
end program example
ENVIRONMENT
Do cycles:
do i=1,n (increment is 1)
…
end do
EXAMPLE
program cycles
implicit none
!define variables
integer :: n
do n = 1, 10
write(*,*) n
end do
end program cycles
ENVIRONMENT
Do while:
do while (condition)
…
end do
EXAMPLE
program cycles1
implicit none
!define variables
integer :: n=10
do while(n.gt.0)
write(*,*) n
n=n-1
end do
end program cycles1
ENVIRONMENT
EXERCISE 1: Test if a number is even or odd

program exercise1
implicit none
integer a
write(*,*) ‘Write an integer number’
read(*,*)a
if(mod(a,2).eq.0)then
write(*,*)a,” it’s an even number”
else
write(*,*)a,” it’s an odd number”
end if
end program example
ENVIRONMENT
EXERCISE 2: Test if an integer number is prime or not

program prime
implicit none
integer a,i,acounter
read(*,*)a
If(a.eq.i)then
Write(*,*)a,”it’s not a prime number”
Stop
End if
Do while(a.ge.i)
If(mod(a,i).eq.0)then
Counter=counter+1
End if
End do
If(counter.gt.2)then
Write(*,*)a,” it’s not a prime number”
else
write(*,*)a,” it’s a prime number”
end if
end program prime
ENVIRONMENT
EXERCISE 3: Assignment for 1st Simpson Rule

program prime
implicit none
integer a,i,acounter
read(*,*)a
If(a.eq.i)then
Write(*,*)a,”it’s not a prime number”
Stop
End if
Do while(a.ge.i)
If(mod(a,i).eq.0)then
Counter=counter+1
End if
End do
If(counter.gt.2)then
Write(*,*)a,” it’s not a prime number”
else
write(*,*)a,” it’s a prime number”
end if
end program prime
ENVIRONMENT
General Knowledge
read(stream, label [, end=end][, err=err]) list
write(stream, label) list
• stream is a number previously linked to a file, or a character variable, or *, where * here indicates
the default value, usually the screen of a terminal session. If stream is a character variable, the
result of the write is stored in that variable, and can be manipulated as such within the program.
• label is the number of a format statement, or * for free format.
• list is a list of items to be transferred, separated by commas, possibly including text strings
enclosed in quotation marks.
• The optional items end and err are so that you can provide statement labels end and err to which
control moves in the event that the end of data is reached prematurely (end) , or some error is
encountered (err).
ENVIRONMENT
Input/Output with format
Do i=1,100
write(*,1) i,i*i,i**3
1 format(i4,i6,i8)
ENVIRONMENT
Input/Output with format

Program formato
Implicit none
character *30 nship

real lpp,breadth,depth,dwt
nship=“Tanker ship *”
lpp=114,0
breadth=14,8
depth=8,1
dwt=6500,00
nprop=1
write(*,10)nship,lpp,breadth,depth,dwt,nprop
10 format(“ship:”,3x,a30,/,&
(“lpp:”,3x,f10.2,/,&
(“b:”,3x, f10.2,/,&
(“d:”,3x, f10.2,/,&
(“dwt:”,3x, f10.2,/,&
(“number of props:”,3x,i2)
End program formato

ENVIRONMENT
Arrays
TEST YOUR RESULT!
i=1
X=0,0+0,25*0,25
X=0,0625
i=2
X=0,0625+1,2*1,2
X=1,5025
i=3
X=1,5025+0,2*0,2
X=1,5425
ENVIRONMENT
Arrays
Inside of the matrix:
3 # of rows
4 # of columns
! User enters the input for every value of the

matrix
Format
4 f 5.2
4 # of columns of information in the matrix
Fix the Format:

ENVIRONMENT
Arrays
ENVIRONMENT
Arrays
Dimension icont(10) Single column with 10 values
Dimension x(0:10) Single column with 11 values
Dimension t(15,20) Matrix (15 rows , 20 columns)
Dimension p(10,20,30) Matrix(10 elements in x direction, 20 in y

direction, 30 in z direction)
Dimension x(0:10)
Data Data x/0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0/ or
Data x/11*0.0/
ENVIRONMENT
Exercise
Using the data command, assign values to the C constant which is employed in the
DNV formulation, to calculate the effective width of primary elements (girders). In the
following table values of the constant C are presented, taken from the mentioned
classification rules, where r is the number of secondary elements (stiffeners) which
transmit the load from the plate to the primary elements.
The user must input the ratio a/b, and the number of stiffeners, and the program print
on the screen the effective width. For an interpretation of the geometry, see the
following figure, taken from the mentioned reference.
ENVIRONMENT
Take a look on this website:
https://rules.dnvgl.com/docs/pdf/DNV/rulesship/2011-01/ts302.pdf
STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING 2
It is possible to solve problems dividing them in subproblems.
These are two kinds:

• Functions
and
• Subroutines
STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING
Functions
Advantages:
• The code to implement the calculation can be written just

once, but used many times.
• The functions can be tested separately from the rest of
the program to make sure they give the correct result; we
can then be confident when using them in the larger
program.
Functions
program name
implicit none
[specification part]
[execution part]
contains
[functions]
end program name
function name(arg1, arg2, ....)

[declarations, including those
for the arguments]
[executable statements]
end function [name]
Functions
Specification part
Execution part
Function #1
Function #2
Functions
Exercise
Taylor Series Expansion:

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INTRODUCTION TO FORTRAN PROGRAMMING IN THE VISUAL STUDIO

• What is a Computer Program?

Steps to prepare a Computer Program

Program in Compiler of the Executable

Program Structure in FORTRAN

Flow Diagram or Pseudocode

Print “Even” Print “Odd”

Solution for the

x = (a+b)/2 Bisection Interval

|b - a| < ε Decision Shape

If i=1 and n=5, then Factor=?

1st Simpson’s Rule

** Raise to the power of…

Operator Equivalence Meaning

Operator Equivalence Example

Basic Control Structures

Decision with 1 alternative: Decision with 2 alternatives:

Decision with multiple alternatives:

Let’s start using FORTRAN

Basic Control Structures

Basic Control Structures

EXERCISE 1: Test if a number is even or odd

EXERCISE 2: Test if an integer number is prime or not

EXERCISE 3: Assignment for 1st Simpson Rule

write(stream, label) list

Input/Output with format

Input/Output with format

character *30 nship

End program formato

! User enters the input for every value of the

Fix the Format:

Dimension x(0:10) Single column with 11 values

Dimension t(15,20) Matrix (15 rows , 20 columns)

Dimension p(10,20,30) Matrix(10 elements in x direction, 20 in y

Take a look on this website:

It is possible to solve problems dividing them in subproblems.

These are two kinds:

• The code to implement the calculation can be written just

function name(arg1, arg2, ....)

Taylor Series Expansion:

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