December 2017 Historic Data

Contents
1 Annual volume of commodity exports, Australia

2(1) Annual value of commodity exports (fob), Australia
2(2) Annual value of commodity exports (fob), Australia continued
3 Annual export unit values, Australia ab
4 Annual value of imports, Australia
5 Annual commodity production, Australia
6 Annual world indicator prices
7(1) Annual world production, consumption, stocks and trade
7(2) Annual world production, consumption, stocks and trade continued
8 Annual industry gross value added, Australia, current prices a
9 Quarterly industry gross value added, Australia, chain volume measures ab
10 Annual employment, Australia ab
11 Quarterly business income, Australia ab
12 All banks lending to business, Australia a
13 Quarterly capital expenditure of private enterprises, Australia
14 Annual private mineral exploration expenditure, Australia
15 Quarterly commodity production, Australia
16 Quarterly commodity exports, by volume, Australia
17 Quarterly commodity exports, by value (fob), Australia
18 Quarterly resources and energy export unit values Australia b
19 Quarterly commodity imports, Australia
20 Quarterly private resources and energy exploration expenditure, Australi
21 Monthly resources and energy export unit values
22 Monthly resources and energy benchmark prices
23 Aluminium
24(1) Coal
24(2) Coal continued
25 Copper
26 Diamonds and other gemstones
27 Gold
28 Iron ore and steel
29 Lead
30 Nickel
31(1) Petroleum
31(2) Petroleum continued
32 Phosphate
33 Silver
34 Tin
35 Uranium
36 Zinc
1 Annual volume of commodity exports, Australia
unit 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96
Resources
Aluminium
Bauxite kt 6,243 6,985 4,440 4,212 3,700 4,937 4,717
Alumina kt 8,491 9,186 9,453 9,665 10,221 10,315 10,984
Aluminium (ingot metal) kt 940 919 931 979 1,056 920 1,042
Clays a t 143,190 160,885 149,433 164,618 171,570 152,193 178,802
Copper
Ores and concentrates d kt 203 245 219 359 430 426 520
Refined kt 142 163 183 165 180 121 115
Total metallic content e kt 206 236 245 271 301 245 282
Diamonds s '000 ct 1,216 1,792 951 766 3,307 621 72
Dimension stone t 1,665 3,393 11,672 8,721 10,007 14,605 17,372
Gold e t 192 255 279 276 299 284 334
Gypsum
Raw kt na 53 161 162 152 231 85.613
Calcined t 10,437 5,702 6,128 8,610 9,986 8,836 11477
Iron ore df Mt 99 104 107 108 114 129 126
Lead
Refined kt 104 124 181 180 171 188 193
Bullion kt 171 165 221 229 196 168 169
Limestone t 15 65 258 1,729 18,893 463 133,080
Nickel
Total metallic content es kt 68 78 80 86 103 117 125
Silica kt 2,226 2,398 2,547 2,488 2,600 3,007 3,227
Silver refined t 21 35 198 222 220 186 236
Steel g kt 1,430 1,864 2,393 2,410 2,984 2,945 3,194
Talc t 200,870 137,260 152,009 119,830 152,297 133,060 182,600
Tin e t 8,228 4,132 6,653 7,408 7,531 7,902 9,008
Titanium
Ilmenite concentrate kt 964 1,064 948 881 1,054 1,014 1,192
Leucoxene concentrate kt 25 19 10 10 18 17 17
Rutile concentrate kt 216 176 178 181 208 212 203
Synthetic rutile kt 116 193 274 239 187 300 304
Titanium dioxide pigment kt 68 52 84 112 114 122 127
Zinc
Ores and concentrates d kt 1,100 1,296 1,560 1,330 1,516 1,286 1,438
Refined kt 135 160 92 169 140 119 144
Zircon concentrate h kt 404 327 292 316 454 524 450
Energy
Crude oil b ML 7,202 8,830 8,967 10,098 9,538 11,445 10,899
LPG ML 1,983 1,507 1,568 1,483 1,290 1,189 1,469
Petroleum products ML 2,422 2,952 3,819 3,711 3,507 3,289 4,101
LNG cs Mt 2 3 5 5 6 7 7
Metallurgical coal Mt 61 62 65 70 70 73 77
Thermal coal Mt 44 52 59 60 59 63 61
Uranium (U3O8) s t 4,812 6,129 4,729 2,289 3,992 4,069 5,286
a Excludes activated clays

b Includes condensate and other refinery feedstock.
c 1 million tonnes of LNG equals approximately 1.4 billion cubic metres of gas.
d Quantities refer to gross weight of all ores and concentrates.
e Metallic content of all ores, concentrates, intermediate products (where applicable) and refined metal.
f Includes iron ores, concentrates, lump and pellets
g Crude steel equivalent. Crude steel is defined as the first solid state of production after melting. Also includes iron.
h Data from 1991–92 refer to standard grade zircon only.
2(1) Annual value of commodity exports (fob), Australia
$m 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96
Resources
Aluminium
Bauxite s 145 150 118 87 97 125 116
Alumina 2,794 2,825 2,285 2,340 2,293 2,231 2,717
Aluminium (ingot metal) 2,109 1,928 1,572 1,725 1,823 2,173 2,379
Clays a 20 25 23 28 31 25 34
Copper b
Ores and concentrates 205 206 165 268 259 377 486
Refined 480 544 543 525 480 420 442
Dimension stone 2 4 3 5 6 6 6
Gemstones
Diamonds s 101 138 184 122 146 87 56
Opals 85 89 80 71 88 98 106
Sapphires c 28 13 10 15 23 18 10
Others d 16 17 24 23 24 21 21
Gypsum
Raw na 1 2 2 2 3 1
Calcined 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
Gold b 2,846 3,657 4,003 4,302 5,260 4,690 5,531
Iron ore k 2,187 2,562 2,850 2,895 2,777 2,774 2,865
Lead b
Refined 151 166 147 139 121 181 209
Bullion 212 162 167 202 172 188 169
Limestone 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
Titanium dioxide pigment 201 126 178 252 255 293 324
Nickel
Refined and intermediate s 690 690 735 690 598 881 1,002
Refined silver 46 38 43 54 59 47 62
Silica e 35 38 40 42 43 49 50
Steel l 717 930 1,090 1,147 1,402 1,491 1,656
Talc fg 18 13 14 14 15 13 17
Tin 78 38 39 53 47 50 61
Zinc
Refined 291 284 154 297 206 179 215
Other minerals 1,664 2,211 2,364 2,435 2,453 2,692 2,886
Total resources 15,851 17,569 17,510 18,347 19,187 19,676 22,066
continued over page

2(2) Annual value of commodity exports (fob), Australia continued
$m 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96
Energy
Crude oil h 1,057 1,795 1,621 1,850 1,424 1,726 1,675
LPG 151 175 172 185 138 154 189
Bunker fuel i 416 631 522 568 512 511 586
Other petroleum products 520 787 769 830 747 719 933
LNG 338 830 843 1,051 1,047 1,201 1,372
Metallurgical coal 3,678 3,827 4,005 4,546 4,331 4,098 4,745
Thermal coal 2,170 2,542 2,843 2,992 2,844 2,790 3,030
Uranium (U3O8) s 315 332 245 123 193 188 242
Other energy j 85 112 97 85 79 50 65
Total energy 8,731 11,031 11,118 12,229 11,315 11,436 12,837
Total resources and energy exports 24,582 28,600 28,628 30,576 30,501 31,111 34,903
a Excludes activated clays

b Value of metals contained in host mine and smelter products are not available separately and are included in the value of the mineral product or metal in which they are exported.
c Excludes cut and polished sapphires from 1 July 1999, for which data are not available separately.
d Includes cut and polished sapphires from 1 July 1999 onwards.
e Includes quartz sand from July 1999, data not available separately
3 Annual export unit values, Australia ab
Annual indexes 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96
Resources 49.1 47.1 43.7 45.0 43.0 45.1 47.3
Energy 36.2 40.4 37.5 39.8 36.3 34.2 36.8
Total resources and energy 43.1 43.9 40.8 42.5 39.9 40.0 42.4
a In Australian dollars. Base: 2017–18 = 100.

4 Annual value of imports, Australia
$m 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96
Resources and energy

Aluminium (ingot metal) 8 6 10 12 8 15 37
Diamonds 125 135 116 125 106 113 123
Ferroalloys 43 31 32 48 60 63 72
Gold (refined and unrefined) 283 620 1,036 1,019 979 708 703
Iron ore e 60 57 68 67 68 80 79
Petroleum
Crude oil b 1,606 2,407 2,302 3,243 2,839 3,002 3,562
Petroleum products c 930 727 455 634 606 676 765
Natural gas d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Phosphate rock 96 29 32 57 47 56 52
Phosphates 120 139 165 181 195 266 358

Monammonium 34 32 44 49 51 63 87
Silver 19 10 22 20 27 36 15
Steel f 949 811 752 850 926 1,138 1,273
Other 1,220 983 861 1,021 1,080 1,358 1,348
Total resources and energy 4,510 5,145 5,100 6,426 6,015 6,373 7,113
b Includes condensate and other refinery feedstock.

c Includes LPG.
d Monthly import data from December 2013 onwards is confidentialised. Data that is confidentialised is recorded as zero.
5 Annual commodity production, Australia
unit 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96
Energy
Coal
Black, saleable s Mt 160.4 166.6 176.5 178.0 178.0 192.3 194.5
Black, raw s Mt 196.9 204.7 218.2 222.5 221.5 237.2 243.0
Petroleum
Crude oil and condensate ML 31,993 31,955 31,309 30,704 28,925 31,171 30,251
LPG (naturally occurring) ML 3,785 3,547 3,589 3,778 3,701 3,609 3,649
Petroleum products b ML 35,901 36,671 37,296 38,623 39,245 40,378 42,057
Natural gas
Methane Mcm na na na na na na na
Ethane Mcm na na na na na na na
Coal seam gas Mcm na na na na na na na
Total c Mcm 20,268 21,229 23,479 24,611 26,755 29,467 30,093
Uranium (U3O8) t 4,089 4,367 4,329 2,686 2,733 2,622 5,088
Metalliferous minerals and metals
Aluminium
Bauxite Mt 39.9 41.8 39.9 41.2 41.3 42.3 43.3
Alumina kt 11,041 11,402 11,824 9,389 12,761 12,940 13,326
Aluminium (ingot metal) kt 1,235 1,236 1,234 1,306 1,384 1,285 1,331
Copper
Mine production e kt 310 327 341 416 429 369 438
Refined kt 265 242 277 312 331 273 294
Gold
Mine production e t 224.0 241.8 241.5 234.5 236.6 231.7 258.4
Iron ore f Mt 110 111 115 116 124 137 95
Lead
Refined h kt 200 211 216 220 217 205 224
Bullion kt 194 180 211 240 209 177 181
Nickel i
Refined, class I s kt 22 27 30 32 39 51 57
Refined, class II j kt 22 23 25 27 26 20 16
Total ore processed k kt 70 77 77 83 91 122 132
Silver
Mine production e t 1,079 1,085 1,063 984 990 828 1,024
Refined t 363 408 382 355 379 349 350
Steel l Mt 7 6 7 7 8 8 9
Tin
6 Annual world indicator prices
unit 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96
Energy
Coal contracts
Thermal coal a US$/t 39 41 40 39 36 34 40
Metallurgical coal b US$/t 50 52 51 51 49 45 51
Coal spot
Thermal coal c US$/t na na na na na na na
Metallurgical coal d US$/t na na na na na na na
Crude oil
Dubai US$/bbl na na na na na na na
West Texas Intermediate US$/bbl na na na 20 17 18 19
Brent US$/bbl na na na 19 16 17 18
Liquified natural gas e US$/MMBTU na na na na na na na
Uranium (U3O8) f US$/lb 9 10 8 10 10 10 14
Minerals and metals g

Aluminium US$/t 1,638 1,581 1,232 1,199 1,204 1,764 1,663
Copper US$/t 2,615 2,574 2,253 2,191 1,893 2,766 2,740
Gold h US$/oz 383 374 352 344 379 384 390
Iron ore cfr i US$/dmtu na na na na na na na
Iron ore fob j US$/dmtu na na na na na na na
Lead US$/t 477 426 527 483 439 613 722
Manganese k US$/t 321 399 400 363 236 208 204
Nickel US$/t 9,600 9,081 7,578 6,128 5,261 7,446 8,212
Silver US$/oz na na na 15 20 21 21
Tin US$/t 7,273 5,802 5,728 5,970 5,047 5,755 6,386
Zinc US$/t 1,578 1,308 1,164 1,114 937 1,045 1,022
a Australia to Japan (fob), Japanese fiscal year (April to March)

b High quality coking coal Australia to Japan (fob), Japanese fiscal year (April to March)
c Newcastle 6000kc (fob)
d Premium hard coking coal east coast Australia ports (fob)
e Monthly average LNG spot import price into Japan. Prices are a simple average of all reported trades as well as cargo settlements for that effective month. This reported price excludes long, medium and
f Average of weekly restricted spot prices over the period, published by Ux Consulting.
g Average LME spot price unless otherwise stated.
h London Bullion Market Association gold price PM.
i Iron ore fines (62 per cent Fe) spot price for Qingdao China (cfr), time series begins in 2011.
j Iron ore fines (62 per cent Fe) spot price for Western Australia (fob), time series begins in 2011.
7(1) Annual world production, consumption, stocks and trade
unit 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Energy
Crude oil
Production
World b mbd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.6 70.2 72.0 74.3 75.5 74.2 77.3 77.5 77.3 80.4 83.6 84.8 85.5 85.6 86.6 85.4 87.1 88.1 90.5 91.2 93.7 96.6 97.0
OPEC c mbd 0.0 25.1 26.2 26.7 27.0 27.7 28.4 29.9 30.8 29.3 32.5 31.9 30.3 32.5 34.8 35.1 35.4 35.2 36.3 34.4 34.8 35.8 37.6 36.7 37.1 38.4 39.6
Consumption b mbd 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.9 70.1 71.7 73.8 73.5 75.4 77.1 77.9 78.6 80.2 83.2 84.6 85.7 86.9 86.3 85.3 88.3 89.0 90.2 91.7 92.9 94.8 96.1
Coal
Production
Metallurgical coal Mt 600 560 540 518 500 546 526 526 496 481 478 484 474 530 602 678 723 785 792 816 939 1,013 1,017 1,076 1,108 1,081 1,084
Thermal coal Mt 2,873 2,850 2,865 2,831 2,973 3,092 3,158 3,150 3,168 3,143 3,254 3,465 3,531 3,800 4,108 4,380 4,654 4,836 5,024 5,138 5,398 5,716 5,813 5,875 5,802 5,667 5,238
Consumption
Metallurgical coal Mt 555 524 501 495 487 535 515 511 495 481 477 464 472 522 605 661 710 766 769 815 915 986 998 1,062 1,089 1,052 1,083
Thermal coal Mt 2,954 2,927 2,923 2,987 3,074 3,159 3,262 3,222 3,203 3,227 3,373 3,493 3,626 3,941 4,248 4,523 4,811 5,074 5,208 5,256 5,610 5,861 6,015 6,097 6,007 5,852 5,624
Exports
Metallurgical coal Mt 0 0 0 0 0 184 184 188 179 178 186 189 186 190 200 206 210 217 236 210 275 273 284 295 311 299 314
Thermal coal Mt 323 320 307 279 288 313 322 348 364 375 440 491 505 548 586 608 672 710 718 741 835 916 1 031 1 102 1 125 1 047 1 045
Gas
Production s bcm na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 2,870 2,962 3,045 3,165 3,069 3,289 3,375 3,432 3,521 3,543 3,603 3,597
Consumption s bcm na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 2,866 2,934 3,059 3,148 3,070 3,321 3,385 3,454 3,527 3,524 3,568 3,596
Uranium (U3 O8)
Production gs kt na 52.1 40.8 38.7 38.4 40.3 42.7 41.9 40.4 36.3 42.6 43.5 36.5 41.7 47.4 48.6 46.8 48.7 51.7 59.9 63.3 63.3 67.9 70.0 66.0 71.6 73.1
Consumption kt na 65.2 67.5 68.9 67.1 72.4 71.3 75.2 75.5 75.8 75.4 75.0 77.5 77.8 78.5 78.8 77.2 77.7 76.2 77.5 81.8 82.2 73.0 69.9 73.1 76.3 83.4
Metals
Bauxite production kt 116,928 116,043 115,280 116,859 117,698 118,194 123,681 121,994 123,394 129,822 138,891 138,914 147,161 158,287 168,178 176,807 190,539 210,177 216,934 197,978 228,851 249,042 257,685 296,808 256,396 287,066 272,820
Alumina production kt 41,440 41,589 38,779 42,170 41,751 44,029 45,237 45,399 48,683 50,386 52,548 51,955 55,052 58,440 61,592 64,450 71,795 79,414 83,958 78,093 87,991 96,597 99,862 105,640 107,578 114,967 115,242
Aluminium
Production kt 19,514 19,650 19,455 19,724 19,147 19,610 20,859 21,807 22,721 23,721 24,657 24,510 26,156 27,986 29,857 31,905 33,938 38,132 39,971 37,706 42,353 46,275 49,167 52,291 53,927 57,890 58,158
Consumption kt 17,403 17,429 18,487 18,450 19,877 20,496 20,786 21,514 21,893 23,251 25,004 23,649 25,522 27,579 30,008 31,640 33,943 37,403 37,019 34,711 40,451 44,910 49,295 46,547 54,033 57,392 58,099
Closing stocks h kt 1,847 2,741 3,244 4,497 3,733 3,096 3,135 2,745 2,830 2,971 2,545 3,025 3,302 3,527 2,999 2,946 2,737 2,944 4,696 6,485 6,502 6,999 7,361 7,171 6,431 3,786 2,762
Gold
Mine production t 2,171 2,195 2,270 2,324 2,343 2,330 2,411 2,528 2,574 2,603 2,620 2,646 2,665 2,671 2,544 2,601 2,536 2,538 2,467 2,651 2,744 2,846 2,911 3,073 3,150 3,221 3,260
Total demand t 2,725 3,026 2,885 2,766 3,163 3,447 3,202 3,844 3,468 3,440 3,411 3,248 2,853 2,613 3,095 3,169 3,143 3,160 3,832 3,716 4,217 4,739 4,696 4,477 4,287 4,251 4,337
Fabricated consumption t 2,546 2,705 3,093 2,900 2,991 3,178 3,216 3,713 3,563 3,552 3,667 3,381 3,029 2,883 3,078 3,202 2,819 2,953 2,822 2,282 2,514 2,523 2,516 3,051 2,841 2,736 2,370
Iron ore production i Mt 981 952 908 944 968 919 898 924 907 885 959 930 987 1 160 1 250 1 377 1 550 1 685 1 717 1 619 1 866 1 967 1 918 2 082 2 111 2 085 2 116
Iron ore trade Mt 398 396 353 372 400 457 443 475 463 441 505 500 536 587 673 754 796 859 928 962 1,085 1,130 1,194 1,291 1,443 1,468 1,522
Iron and steel

Production
Pig iron Mt 532 509 476 477 483 524 517 547 540 541 576 576 587 611 670 719 800 881 961 949 933 1,034 1,104 1,123 1,207 1,188 1,157
Crude steel Mt 770 736 720 728 725 752 750 799 777 789 848 850 904 970 1,069 1,148 1,250 1,348 1,343 1,239 1,433 1,538 1,560 1,650 1,670 1,620 1,629
continued over page

7(2) Annual world production, consumption, stocks and trade continued
unit 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Base metals
Copper
Production j kt 10,809 10,688 11,170 11,306 11,166 11,600 12,705
Consumption kt 10,789 10,695 10,806 10,996 11,665 11,852 12,375
Closing stocks kt 716 843 833 1,116 768 699 527
Lead
Production j kt 5,456 5,325 5,437 5,479 5,462 5,740 5,822
Consumption kt 5,411 5,226 5,174 5,225 5,488 5,849 5,987
Closing stocks kt 540 583 735 788 750 611 438
Nickel
Production j kt 931 921 886 809 825 919 953
Consumption kt 926 886 809 785 871 984 943
Tin
Production j kt 234 219 201 216 222 218 232
Consumption kt 237 216 209 212 224 239 238
Zinc
Production j kt 7,061 7,249 7,028 7,195 7,130 7,330 7,443
Consumption kt 6,819 6,870 6,532 6,588 6,954 7,499 7,528
Closing stocks kt 534 650 989 1,474 1,669 1,170 913
b 1 million litres (1 megalitre) a year equals about 17.2 barrels a day.

c Includes OPEC natural gas liquids.
d Includes anthracite, bituminous and coking coal, and for some countries sub-bituminous coal.
e Refers to lignite as published in IEA Coal Information.
g World production data have been revised to exclude reprocessed uranium.
h LME and producer stocks.
i China’s iron ore production adjusted to world average.
8 Annual industry gross value added, Australia, current prices a
$m 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 16,999 13,190 12,899 14,471 15,599 14,944 17,897
Mining 18,217 19,801 19,723 20,664 20,195 21,297 24,163
Manufacturing 55,841 52,226 53,276 57,224 61,661 65,075 67,407
Construction 27,842 27,756 24,805 25,183 27,090 29,740 31,294
Services b 224,050 236,179 242,666 258,102 270,654 285,034 304,260
Gross domestic product 403,934 414,539 422,439 443,368 465,742 494,567 527,599
% share of Gross Domestic Product

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 4.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.4
Mining 4.5 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.6
Manufacturing 13.8 12.6 12.6 12.9 13.2 13.2 12.8
Construction 6.9 6.7 5.9 5.7 5.8 6.0 5.9
Services b 55.5 57.0 57.4 58.2 58.1 57.6 57.7
a ANZSIC 2006.
b Services is defined as ANZSIC divisions D and F to S.
9 Quarterly industry gross value added, Australia, chain volume measures ab
$m Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91 Sep–91
Mining
Coal mining 1,120 1,203 1,204 1,207 1,148 1,295 1,232
Oil and gas extraction 3,297 3,294 3,175 3,152 3,164 3,033 3,115
Iron ore mining 896 878 875 870 891 921 921
Other mining 2,702 2,799 2,762 2,895 2,642 2,646 2,824
Exploration and mining support services 1,598 1,261 1,365 1,080 1,076 1,061 958
Total 8,047 8,185 8,214 8,275 8,049 8,266 8,398
Gross value added all industries 174,100 173,996 174,218 174,057 172,585 172,602 172,153
Gross domestic product 188,962 189,162 188,111 189,210 186,759 186,461 187,291
a Seasonally adjusted.
b ANZSIC 2006.
10 Annual employment, Australia ab
’000 people 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96
Mining
Coal 31 28 27 25 28 23 24
Oil and gas extraction 4 5 4 6 4 4 4
Metal ore 42 38 34 32 28 32 32
Exploration and other mining support services 15 15 12 13 16 13 13
Non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying 12 8 10 9 12 12 11
Total 104 95 87 85 88 84 83
Total all industries 7,822 7,762 7,616 7,588 7,733 8,020 8,252
a Average employment over four quarters. 'Not further defined' mining employment is allocated across mining sub-divisions on a pro rata basis.
Source: ABS, Labour Force, Australia, cat. no. 6291.0, Canberra.
b ANZSIC 2006. Caution should be used when using employment statistics at the ANZSIC subdivision and group levels due to estimates that may be subject to sampling variability and standard errors too
11 Quarterly business income, Australia ab

Construction 78 61 91 108 109 47 130
Electricity, gas, water and waste services 12 14 20 25 48 31 21
Manufacturing 1,886 1,650 1,386 1,470 1,108 1,125 1,332
Mining 1,307 1,320 1,367 1,806 1,377 1,393 1,231
Other industries na na na na na na na
Total na na na na na na na
b Company profits before income tax, based on ANZSIC 2006.
Caution should be used with these statistics because of the possible absence of quarterly data in calculating the fiscal aggregates. Quarterly estimates may be subject to sampling variability and standard e
Source: ABS, Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, cat no 5206.0, Canberra; Company Profits, Australia, cat no 5651.0, Canberra; Business Indicators, Australia, cat. n
12 All banks lending to business, Australia a
$b Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91 Sep–91 Dec–91 Mar–92 Jun–92 Sep–92 Dec–92 Mar–93 Jun–93 Sep–93 Dec–93 Mar–94 Jun–94 Sep–94 Dec–94 Mar–95 Jun–95 Sep–95 Dec–95 Mar–96 Jun–96 Sep–96 Dec–96 Mar–97 Jun–97 Sep–97 Dec–97 Mar–98 Jun–98 Sep–98 Dec–98 Mar–99 Jun–99 Sep–99 Dec–99 Mar–00 Jun–00 Sep–00 Dec–00 Mar–01 Jun–01 Sep–01 Dec–01 Mar–02 Jun–02 Sep–02 Dec–02
Agriculture, fishing and forestry na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 0.0 12.5 13.2 13.7 13.7 13.1 13.5 14.5 15.5 15.5 15.7 16.4 16.4 16.5 16.5 17.5 16.9 17.2 17.5 18.6 17.8 18.4 19.0 20.1 20.9 21.2 21.3 23.2 23.8 23.5 24.5 25.2 25.4 24.9 24.3 26.8 26.8 27.0
Mining na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 0.0 2.9 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 4.0 4.8 4.4 4.9 4.5 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.8 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.6 6.6 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.8 7.6 7.5 5.9 6.9 6.5 7.5 7.5 7.9
Manufacturing na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 0.0 16.6 17.6 17.4 18.2 18.5 19.2 18.5 19.7 20.9 20.9 21.9 22.2 22.3 22.4 25.0 23.7 25.1 25.1 25.7 24.7 27.5 29.5 28.7 29.8 30.0 28.9 30.0 27.5 27.9 28.8 28.7 27.6 26.9 28.0 28.9 28.3 28.5
Construction na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 0.0 9.0 8.5 8.2 8.2 8.5 8.2 8.2 8.6 8.2 8.5 8.4 8.5 8.8 9.4 9.6 9.7 10.2 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.9 11.6 11.6 11.3 12.6 12.9 13.1 14.1 13.9 14.5 13.6 13.1 15.1 12.7 12.8 13.0 14.2
Wholesale, retail trade, transport and storage na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 0.0 23.6 23.3 23.8 23.4 23.4 23.7 24.2 24.9 25.0 25.9 26.8 27.1 27.9 27.9 28.2 28.8 29.1 29.6 29.6 30.4 31.0 30.6 31.2 32.3 32.9 32.5 34.3 34.1 34.9 34.8 35.2 36.0 35.4 37.7 40.7 40.2 40.6
Finance and insurance na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 0.0 35.4 32.5 31.4 31.3 29.6 31.0 31.8 25.7 27.7 30.6 28.9 29.3 31.6 31.5 31.1 34.4 36.6 37.4 40.6 40.5 43.0 42.4 40.7 33.3 36.4 37.5 39.5 38.7 37.5 36.8 41.9 40.4 41.0 41.9 43.4 46.9 43.2
Other na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 0.0 42.5 45.6 48.9 47.1 50.0 49.2 49.7 58.4 60.7 62.4 64.9 67.8 68.9 69.2 70.5 76.1 81.1 82.8 84.6 87.3 88.3 91.1 95.2 101.0 107.4 106.9 109.4 116.2 121.9 127.5 123.8 121.4 128.9 116.1 124.2 126.8 131.1
Total na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 0.0 142.4 142.6 145.7 143.9 145.4 147.2 149.3 155.9 161.0 167.2 170.7 175.3 180.9 181.2 186.7 194.1 204.7 208.1 214.7 217.0 225.3 230.4 233.6 235.3 246.9 247.0 256.9 261.9 267.4 274.4 275.8 269.8 279.2 267.4 284.4 289.5 292.6
a Includes variable and fixed interest rate loans outstanding plus bank bills outstanding.
Source: RBA, Bank Lending to Business – Selected Statistics, Bulletin Statistical Table D8.
Mar–03 Jun–03 Sep–03 Dec–03 Mar–04 Jun–04 Sep–04 Dec–04 Mar–05 Jun–05 Sep–05 Dec–05 Mar–06 Jun–06 Sep–06 Dec–06 Mar–07 Jun–07 Sep–07 Dec–07 Mar–08 Jun–08 Sep–08 Dec–08 Mar–09 Jun–09
27.2 29.0 29.9 31.6 31.8 34.1 35.1 35.7 36.9 39.3 39.8 39.3 41.4 43.5 44.1 43.6 44.5 47.2 49.9 51.0 52.1 53.7 54.1 56.1 55.5 57.4
6.5 6.1 5.7 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.4 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.7 6.8 10.9 9.2 7.9 9.4 11.2 12.2 12.7 11.7 13.0 15.0 12.9 11.5
29.1 29.2 29.9 31.0 31.4 31.8 30.7 30.5 31.1 31.3 32.4 35.1 36.4 37.1 37.6 37.9 39.1 40.8 42.6 41.8 44.7 44.6 46.8 48.9 49.9 43.7
13.4 14.4 14.9 16.0 16.4 17.7 17.4 18.1 19.4 19.4 19.9 20.8 21.6 21.3 22.9 23.4 23.8 24.8 26.5 27.4 30.9 30.5 31.5 30.8 32.5 31.5
41.9 43.9 44.4 47.3 47.5 49.3 49.7 51.9 53.7 54.9 56.3 59.5 61.5 64.2 66.5 67.4 69.9 74.4 76.5 83.1 84.9 87.2 95.1 98.7 96.1 93.2
43.9 42.7 44.5 42.3 45.0 47.4 48.3 49.6 48.7 49.6 51.8 54.9 55.7 62.5 72.6 69.6 74.1 80.5 96.3 115.0 125.0 123.7 128.8 133.6 142.6 133.1
131.9 133.2 138.1 146.1 149.4 153.5 158.5 162.9 166.1 173.9 181.3 191.0 200.4 204.1 208.4 222.2 239.5 248.0 262.4 283.9 288.9 298.2 310.6 320.5 324.3 324.0
293.9 298.6 307.5 319.7 326.5 338.9 345.1 354.7 361.6 374.1 387.4 406.7 423.6 439.5 463.0 473.4 498.7 525.1 565.5 614.3 639.3 649.6 679.9 703.7 713.7 694.5
13 Quarterly capital expenditure of private enterprises, Australia
At current prices
Mining, by type of asset a

Buildings and structures 428 453 486 563 555 524 521
Equipment, Plant and Machinery 558 579 686 584 622 610 545
Total 986 1,032 1,171 1,147 1,177 1,133 1,067
Mining, by detailed industry b
Coal mining na na na na na na na
Oil and gas extraction na na na na na na na
Metal ore mining na na na na na na na
Non-metallic mineral mining na na na na na na na
Exploration and other mining support services na na na na na na na
Total 896 1,039 1,144 1,260 1,069 1,150 1,040
Manufacturing a 2,050 2,149 1,917 1,937 1,880 1,805 1,825
Other selected industries a 5,647 5,167 5,600 5,134 5,010 4,594 4,224
Total surveyed industries a 8,682 8,347 8,688 8,218 8,067 7,532 7,115
Chain volume measures ac
Mining 1,651 1,712 1,934 1,869 1,905 1,833 1,732
Manufacturing 2,297 2,398 2,136 2,129 2,040 1,959 1,991
Other selected industries 3,697 3,367 3,645 3,327 3,236 2,992 2,777
Total surveyed industries 7,604 7,275 7,559 7,092 6,921 6,492 6,182
14 Annual private mineral exploration expenditure, Australia
unit 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96
Energy
Petroleum
Onshore $m 143 217 135 115 145 171 175
Offshore $m 439 365 339 497 362 502 514
Total $m 583 582 474 612 507 673 689
Coal $m 33 23 28 24 28 38 53
Uranium $m 19 13 13 9 8 8 7
Total $m 635 618 514 645 542 719 749
Metals and other minerals

Gold $m 341 306 305 320 454 555 547
Iron ore $m 11 11 37 24 19 12 14
Base metals, silver and cobalt a $m 118 172 145 183 192 201 252
Mineral sands $m 19 19 14 10 9 6 9
Diamonds $m 37 39 36 38 59 48 53
Other $m 17 6 11 11 9 6 8
Total $m 555 566 564 599 757 847 900
Total expenditure $m 1,190 1,184 1,078 1,244 1,299 1,566 1,649
a Base metals include copper, lead, nickel and zinc.

Source: ABS, Mineral and Petroleum Exploration, Australia, cat. no. 8412.0, Canberra.
15 Quarterly commodity production, Australia
unit Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91 Sep–91 Dec–91 Mar–92 Jun–92 Sep–92 Dec–92 Mar–93 Jun–93 Sep–93 Dec–93 Mar–94 Jun–94 Sep–94 Dec–94 Mar–95 Jun–95 Sep–95 Dec–95 Mar–96 Jun–96 Sep–96 Dec–96 Mar–97 Jun–97 Sep–97 Dec–97 Mar–98 Jun–98 Sep–98 Dec–98 Mar–99 Jun–99 Sep–99 Dec–99 Mar–00 Jun–00 Sep–00 Dec–00 Mar–01 Jun–01 Sep–01 Dec–01 Mar–02 Jun–02 Sep–02 Dec–02 Mar–03 Jun–03 Sep–03 Dec–03 Mar–04 Jun–04
Resources
Aluminium
Bauxite kt 9,890 9,899 10,406 11,194 9,978 10,174 10,357 9,995 10,089 9,415 10,230 10,008 10,717 10,225 10,395 9,983 10,652 10,256 10,562 10,690 10,662 10,395 11,271 10,327 10,639 11,071 10,919 10,434 10,350 11,286 11,467 11,361 10,806 10,850 11,159 11,838 11,977 11,470 12,793 12,176 12,974 13,102 13,961 13,764 13,353 13,482 13,296 13,669 13,808 13,176 13,164 13,986 13,386 13,936 14,152 14,128 14,123 13,913
Alumina kt 2,753 2,746 2,849 2,883 2,735 2,935 3,032 3,011 2,874 2,907 1,562 1,608 3,094 3,125 3,225 3,154 3,172 3,209 3,235 3,203 3,203 3,299 3,362 3,297 3,319 3,348 3,341 3,341 3,201 3,370 3,429 3,385 3,319 3,449 3,532 3,553 3,522 3,601 3,707 3,702 3,710 3,918 4,004 4,049 3,950 4,096 4,119 4,149 4,077 4,072 4,161 4,072 4,019 4,161 4,125 4,224 4,166 4,174
Aluminium (ingot metal) kt 303 307 312 312 304 309 312 310 306 307 314 319 323 351 357 357 346 324 326 322 316 322 329 330 332 339 350 350 341 353 391 410 390 398 414 424 420 428 435 436 434 437 447 450 440 450 455 452 445 457 466 468 458 463 464 472 468 473
Copper
Mine production bs kt 71 85 93 80 75 78 94 80 83 84 111 103 105 98 118 102 108 101 117 92 84 75 98 94 115 132 140 145 127 134 144 144 137 151 166 163 169 189 194 186 195 218 207 218 221 228 226 223 227 207 219 220 209 236 195 191 208 217
Blister cs kt 56 61 60 57 56 67 66 69 72 77 83 84 82 93 83 86 94 102 82 58 52 45 69 57 51 73 71 69 50 62 60 44 55 65 37 54 61 81 95 94 94 103 84 109 105 121 121 108 119 108 104 125 117 123 95 84 102 108
Refined s kt 63 66 64 62 50 66 68 72 66 71 84 82 71 75 84 79 81 87 86 64 69 54 82 67 61 84 85 84 64 78 75 59 69 79 59 72 76 100 119 117 114 126 116 127 133 141 147 137 140 137 123 143 127 144 112 101 121 124
Diamonds '000 ct 8,214 9,810 7,835 8,803 6,793 7,320 12,347 9,496 9,776 9,805 12,083 8,509 11,577 10,030 12,619 7,657 11,355 8,279 12,864 11,292 10,111 9,324 9,105 12,152 11,473 9,835 11,235 9,450 7,036 9,399 10,423 13,317 9,573 9,733 12,481 9,056 7,124 7,287 7,921 7,452 6,727 7,572 6,791 5,557 5,097 5,030 8,060 7,990 6,189 8,437 9,046 9,976 6,921 6,063 9,722 8,307 3,612 2,669
Gold
Mine production bs t 57 59 59 68 56 58 61 61 60 60 62 63 54 56 57 60 59 61 59 59 56 59 60 62 66 70 68 72 71 77 76 80 77 74 72 77 71 71 73 74 68 75 73 75 72 74 69 65 63 67 67 69 66 74 70 71 63 63
Refined t 58 62 58 72 57 68 67 70 73 72 76 70 70 73 80 74 75 79 78 71 74 74 75 75 85 83 81 81 85 80 85 92 83 89 131 106 96 86 78 115 88 101 78 82 92 108 85 88 86 88 84 92 114 96 101 100 103 93
Iron ore f kt 27,451 27,334 28,364 27,359 27,069 28,623 29,974 32,006 26,002 27,320 29,569 29,224 27,902 29,281 33,223 30,286 28,315 32,482 33,960 34,009 33,276 35,747 37,746 36,195 0 20,761 22,304 21,337 20,848 22,904 21,675 22,735 22,638 21,237 20,163 21,132 19,051 20,998 22,945 22,534 23,572 42,179 45,066 44,432 40,482 44,075 48,123 47,953 45,082 43,418 49,560 48,529 47,720 52,710 53,890 57,966 52,525 57,642
Lead
Bullion c kt 62 42 43 47 42 48 51 44 60 56 60 60 62 59 51 56 58 44 55 42 52 28 49 42 44 47 51 49 42 49 42 45 42 42 44 36 38 39 43 42 44 36 19 40 43 50 48 53 50 49 42 47 40 52 46 31 30 37
Refined kt 39 56 57 57 40 58 61 54 36 64 58 57 47 58 50 59 55 53 49 54 50 51 57 56 54 56 44 50 52 56 50 46 46 43 39 45 53 62 65 60 55 55 51 63 54 47 66 70 69 71 58 70 69 70 69 62 51 65
Nickel
Intermediate kt na na na na na na na na 11 12 12 13 14 15 10 7 14 18 18 19 15 20 22 18 17 20 19 21 20 13 28 25 25 25 28 22 7 23 24 26 26 26 28 29 10 11 13 8 6 7 9 11 10 10 11 16 11 11
Refined, class 1 kt 6 6 7 7 6 6 7 8 8 7 10 5 9 8 9 9 9 12 12 10 13 15 15 15 12 15 16 18 15 12 18 14 12 16 17 20 11 20 19 23 23 22 23 27 25 29 30 28 27 31 31 31 29 27 29 32 25 28
Refined, class 2 kt 5 5 6 6 5 6 7 7 5 7 8 7 6 7 7 6 7 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 4 3 6 5 6 2 2 2 2 3 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2
Silver s
Mine production b t 270 257 310 251 278 245 320 257 259 228 294 243 224 224 288 222 235 245 281 200 176 171 267 268 252 237 264 260 237 248 244 377 353 358 400 363 394 437 441 444 489 516 562 492 448 519 507 496 535 567 501 467 470 455 476 467 570 543
Refined t 71 125 97 118 86 108 94 100 66 122 95 87 80 93 89 95 91 104 88 79 93 89 89 75 90 97 84 85 84 87 58 51 49 69 101 100 96 113 134 129 131 149 110 148 140 134 154 156 147 159 159 179 179 155 159 158 144 158
Steel gs kt na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 1,986 2,076 1,994 2,152 2,177 2,132 2,062 2,057 2,184 2,178 2,099 2,111 2,170 2,051 2,123 2,125 2,312 2,279 2,259 2,295 2,247 2,087 2,075 2,142 2,377 1,888 1,863 1,926 2,009 2,058 1,890 2,047 2,245 2,117 2,033 2,215 2,272 2,354 2,390 2,383 2,437 2,451 2,353 2,189
Tin mine production bs t 1,770 2,252 1,936 1,509 1,163 1,113 1,754 1,391 722 1,609 1,931 1,621 1,526 1,955 1,972 2,040 1,801 1,837 1,709 2,316 1,732 2,242 2,273 2,480 2,015 2,375 2,196 2,208 2,184 2,667 2,901 2,385 2,148 3,030 2,372 2,623 2,465 2,355 2,540 2,651 2,245 2,383 2,189 2,298 2,579 2,844 2,049 2,368 1,684 2,072 1,818 1,444 1,729 1,233 451 452 307 302
Zinc s
Mine production b kt 218 220 249 248 235 244 276 257 255 289 267 254 231 245 286 260 232 246 262 229 221 204 263 256 246 244 271 253 226 248 226 258 236 243 279 261 271 290 274 286 307 357 363 353 346 380 364 387 362 342 364 371 375 388 364 315 314 324
Refined kt 75 72 82 75 79 84 79 82 76 88 87 82 76 88 69 79 75 83 82 78 72 81 82 85 81 82 82 81 77 79 73 78 74 79 81 78 79 85 90 90 112 112 139 130 127 137 144 146 139 142 142 144 146 140 141 126 114 118
Energy
Coal
Black, raw Mt 47 50 54 50 46 55 54 52 56 56 58 54 55 56 57 57 52 56 62 58 58 59 65 58 60 61 65 65 63 69 73 66 69 71 70 74 71 69 79 74 69 76 81 78 78 84 90 82 85 89 86 87 90 87 92 90 88 92
Black, saleable Mt 39 39 44 41 37 45 44 42 44 46 47 42 44 44 46 46 42 44 51 46 47 48 53 46 48 48 51 52 50 55 59 53 54 57 55 56 57 57 63 59 57 60 64 64 62 69 71 64 67 70 68 69 68 70 72 71 66 76
Petroleum, field
Crude oil and condensate ML 8,741 8,366 8,327 8,052 8,135 7,441 7,996 8,038 7,590 7,686 7,834 7,942 7,246 7,682 7,296 6,616 7,423 7,590 8,242 7,977 7,350 7,601 7,648 7,034 7,509 8,060 7,983 7,589 7,414 8,062 8,806 8,623 7,975 8,558 8,702 5,800 6,719 6,676 7,884 8,813 10,479 10,289 10,479 10,053 9,940 9,367 9,635 9,263 9,487 9,435 9,873 8,970 8,264 7,916 8,691 7,531 7,404 7,088
LPG (naturally occurring) ML 816 988 1,054 795 823 875 983 858 836 912 1,059 916 824 980 1,000 861 875 964 1,008 864 813 924 884 898 871 997 994 856 861 1,079 1,151 1,101 1,039 1,146 1,199 768 910 1,027 1,105 1,078 1,079 1,106 1,096 961 960 1,039 1,124 1,161 1,103 1,224 1,271 1,116 1,102 1,192 1,302 1,074 1,066 1,198
Gas d Mcm na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
Petroleum, total refinery e ML 9,045 9,336 8,727 9,265 9,541 9,138 9,313 9,587 9,317 9,079 9,725 9,433 9,744 9,721 9,998 9,799 9,794 9,653 10,363 9,859 9,990 10,165 10,475 10,552 10,297 10,734 10,467 10,632 10,885 10,884 10,782 11,136 10,663 10,782 10,374 10,661 10,704 11,204 11,079 11,222 10,524 10,673 10,646 11,131 10,736 10,977 11,224 10,228 10,482 10,492 10,706 10,741 10,579 10,447 9,534 10,130 9,888 9,634
Uranium (U3O 8) s t 807 1,114 1,252 978 955 1,183 1,238 1,058 1,012 1,021 295 405 996 990 343 313 876 1,201 263 251 964 1,144 1,398 857 1,251 1,581 1,458 1,557 1,455 1,505 1,629 1,870 1,154 1,135 1,840 1,644 1,552 1,352 2,017 2,146 2,134 1,921 2,472 2,421 2,341 2,316 2,337 2,028 1,773 1,685 2,280 2,465 2,040 2,386 2,175 2,357 2,668 2,370
b Total metallic content of minerals produced.

c Metallic content.
d Includes methane, ethane and coal seam gas. Gas production data was revised in the June quarter 2017 to align with Australian Petroleum Statistics published by the Department of Environment and Energy.
e Excludes production from petrochemical plants.
Sep–04 Dec–04 Mar–05 Jun–05 Sep–05 Dec–05 Mar–06 Jun–06 Sep–06 Dec–06 Mar–07 Jun–07 Sep–07 Dec–07 Mar–08 Jun–08 Sep–08 Dec–08 Mar–09 Jun–09 Sep–09 Dec–09 Mar–10 Jun–10 Sep–10 Dec–10 Mar–11 Jun–11 Sep–11 Dec–11 Mar–12 Jun–12 Sep–12 Dec–12 Mar–13 Jun–13 Sep–13 Dec–13 Mar–14 Jun–14 Sep–14 Dec–14 Mar–15 Jun–15 Sep–15 Dec–15 Mar–16 Jun–16 Sep–16 Dec–16
14,306 14,251 14,743 14,347 14,848 16,021 14,636 15,370 15,986 15,789 15,288 15,621 15,426 16,063 15,905 16,069 15,754 16,310 15,678 16,313 16,437 17,740 17,092 16,541 17,504 17,448 16,431 17,445 18,008 18,349 17,844 18,696 19,623 20,119 18,936 20,264 20,750 21,169 19,185 19,179 19,803 20,466 19,602 20,436 20,436 20,436 20,039 20,545 21,263 21,669
4,132 4,228 4,339 4,461 4,433 4,470 4,432 4,492 4,588 4,800 4,447 4,671 4,802 4,924 4,792 4,841 4,813 5,000 4,810 4,974 5,038 5,118 4,951 4,950 5,061 4,843 4,471 4,666 4,726 4,864 4,866 4,828 5,530 5,690 5,100 5,323 5,380 5,725 5,429 5,019 4,886 5,161 4,898 4,950 5,118 5,131 5,146 5,155 5,149 5,231
478 476 461 475 485 482 469 476 491 493 483 489 493 494 486 491 498 499 485 492 482 484 472 480 488 488 476 486 490 493 480 475 454 451 437 442 450 449 430 443 419 411 403 413 416 414 408 412 417 398
227 223 222 222 235 249 219 234 216 210 220 213 196 234 201 215 235 227 198 230 214 214 184 208 236 244 233 240 235 253 215 228 237 242 250 243 245 263 248 233 243 255 244 241 251 260 237 242 227 242
115 114 104 100 106 100 99 100 86 92 108 103 80 108 88 119 120 122 101 115 108 98 71 104 116 119 108 116 105 112 115 116 97 94 115 112 96 123 120 125 110 113 98 85 123 126 117 109 108 112
127 126 122 111 121 115 113 113 98 105 119 113 90 120 101 134 134 134 109 122 114 101 73 108 120 123 117 125 114 121 124 127 107 103 123 121 104 132 128 135 122 126 108 94 135 138 125 117 115 119
5,328 9,011 8,658 9,474 6,048 6,523 5,244 7,539 8,393 8,132 3,582 4,524 4,980 6,145 2,277 3,126 4,839 5,428 4,449 453 2,334 3,559 2,573 2,672 2,470 2,283 1,667 1,607 2,335 1,953 2,361 1,724 2,496 2,045 2,027 3,163 3,115 3,177 2,483 2,491 2,481 1,833 3,231 3,448 3,514 3,368 3,391 3,489 3,494 3,584
66 67 67 65 64 66 60 60 62 65 61 62 61 63 52 54 55 54 53 55 54 61 59 65 66 68 63 66 65 64 62 63 61 65 63 66 68 71 65 70 69 70 67 69 71 73 69 71 70 72
88 87 87 84 82 88 99 110 83 87 92 99 84 100 99 81 92 89 129 76 87 87 77 104 79 90 78 75 81 86 77 77 78 76 72 76 77 81 76 74 75 79 71 76 76 79 84 87 89 84
60,455 62,578 61,298 66,778 65,993 67,028 60,400 69,646 71,840 72,282 67,141 75,628 74,039 81,567 79,695 88,702 92,722 79,286 79,738 97,805 105,699 107,257 103,198 105,681 108,705 115,090 103,019 119,131 124,704 130,323 118,949 129,526 132,712 138,169 133,781 150,790 158,814 166,345 162,215 192,803 192,938 191,725 192,457 199,135 209,934 208,356 206,671 211,001 218,336 222,017
164 164 181 174 211 201 180 169 167 152 166 157 158 160 169 154 161 166 119 150 151 147 147 172 186 207 140 164 157 160 145 171 158 147 146 188 191 186 176 184 173 195 161 172 180 141 112 108 109 123
36 37 39 41 42 37 34 27 34 23 25 32 34 34 41 42 44 39 32 40 38 36 36 38 30 36 27 40 41 31 36 36 40 35 30 43 37 34 36 25 8 40 41 42 39 40 41 32 41 42
54 62 60 58 49 62 60 63 24 59 47 60 44 51 52 56 56 56 45 55 53 51 35 50 33 57 49 51 42 45 39 48 28 45 40 46 41 50 49 43 53 31 47 38 47 51 46 48 47 43
55 59 58 53 54 60 48 52 54 58 54 54 53 55 58 59 61 59 54 50 50 50 44 45 49 50 53 59 58 79 74 78 76 77 75 75 75 67 65 68 69 64 55 56 58 56 53 49 49 52
10 11 14 13 12 16 7 12 14 16 15 13 13 12 13 7 0 11 6 4 5 12 11 15 14 20 13 14 9 31 19 21 13 13 18 17 19 16 15 14 19 13 10 11 13 10 10 11 7 10
30 31 30 27 27 29 27 23 27 28 23 25 27 25 27 26 13 23 28 31 30 34 27 23 25 18 23 25 26 23 31 27 30 25 32 35 34 33 32 31 32 35 31 34 35 33 32 28 27 31
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 5 4 2 3 4 6 4 5 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 6 3 0 0 0
554 557 617 576 605 619 538 456 393 340 474 467 475 464 500 429 451 516 360 437 454 451 461 443 485 491 340 476 428 481 426 528 405 369 418 505 444 473 491 485 439 433 354 259 460 357 359 361 357 341
167 181 190 184 163 164 145 183 141 165 156 155 174 138 148 145 183 188 186 195 189 185 156 167 136 174 189 212 250 247 168 181 161 271 329 297 294 302 229 241 266 208 275 210 259 320 305 405 283 216
1,766 1,796 1,900 1,933 2,030 1,926 1,915 1,995 2,021 2,006 1,982 2,001 2,063 2,011 2,015 2,062 1,966 1,681 958 964 1,501 1,712 1,860 1,813 1,848 1,887 1,867 1,704 1,753 1,214 1,212 1,171 1,234 1,234 1,190 1,190 1,175 1,175 1,111 1,111 1,181 1,181 1,191 1,191 1,277 1,277 1,225 1,225 1,355 1,355
131 506 240 823 1,012 1,381 230 330 262 656 586 576 419 564 523 261 237 933 1,477 1,399 5,185 5,208 4,763 4,673 4,610 4,217 4,104 4,333 2,751 2,686 1,238 1,475 1,565 1,880 1,600 1,592 1,666 1,614 1,491 1,765 1,911 1,731 1,680 1,784 1,725 1,969 1,756 1,233 1,798 1,848
326 334 317 338 345 329 338 331 314 344 316 366 384 416 356 383 361 383 283 347 359 264 326 375 360 380 327 372 390 383 362 389 349 399 338 382 368 393 334 354 353 464 399 440 419 352 224 202 219 239
118 120 117 108 117 115 101 113 121 129 119 127 127 129 121 131 122 126 126 132 137 130 118 130 124 126 123 125 126 133 117 128 124 129 115 128 123 132 119 118 124 121 116 140 120 113 115 111 120 118
99 96 95 102 102 102 94 103 104 105 100 107 115 104 92 112 115 118 99 114 121 122 110 123 125 114 102 117 126 124 109 124 134 137 121 142 146 135 140 142 151 138 132 147 146 147 132 142 149 146
78 74 72 79 78 78 72 79 82 83 78 82 86 80 73 86 87 91 73 88 95 94 84 94 95 89 77 86 95 93 85 92 101 103 92 103 112 105 106 108 119 109 105 113 114 110 107 110 114 114
7,108 6,404 6,310 7,489 6,877 6,626 5,345 5,468 7,453 6,823 6,426 6,949 6,663 6,591 5,821 6,535 6,847 7,297 6,336 5,928 6,320 5,962 6,049 7,252 7,373 6,644 5,607 5,959 5,794 6,508 5,722 5,990 6,253 5,625 4,332 5,004 5,326 4,760 5,044 5,010 5,223 5,226 4,253 4,360 5,149 4,939 4,334 3,974 4,392 4,158
1,246 1,112 1,099 1,171 1,300 1,158 1,056 1,208 1,293 1,143 1,037 1,077 1,145 1,002 829 994 1,056 934 870 1,069 1,104 1,010 957 1,025 981 806 772 783 1,008 911 858 884 980 796 765 863 996 768 816 1,141 1,168 837 624 693 842 684 729 805 924 717
na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 12,846 12,470 12,225 12,469 15,625 14,284 13,480 14,730 14,497 13,550 12,796 14,341 17,179 15,881 15,007 15,009 16,642 15,821 15,782 16,968 18,289 16,295 16,637 17,688 21,204 21,262 22,707 23,028 26,238 25,356
10,069 10,578 10,173 9,894 9,524 9,311 8,834 8,605 9,087 10,001 9,558 10,149 10,343 10,084 9,051 9,629 9,713 9,860 9,550 9,654 9,342 9,262 9,195 8,919 9,606 9,416 9,346 9,477 9,507 9,331 9,211 8,314 9,618 9,364 9,149 8,345 8,535 9,043 8,546 7,994 8,783 8,055 7,427 6,322 6,405 6,244 6,434 6,571 6,460 6,328
2,690 2,897 2,787 2,591 2,922 2,922 2,510 1,666 2,101 2,689 2,076 2,665 2,483 2,931 2,485 2,222 2,624 2,659 2,253 2,791 2,691 1,644 1,081 1,645 2,025 2,226 1,685 1,202 2,124 2,055 1,635 1,849 2,391 2,390 1,969 2,204 1,727 1,638 1,068 1,269 1,757 1,919 1,250 1,183 1,899 2,336 1,741 1,647 1,942 2,023
16 Quarterly commodity exports, by volume, Australia
unit Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91 Sep–91 Dec–91
Resources
Aluminium
Bauxite kt 1,508 1,508 2,057 2,057 1,436 1,436 1,137 1,137
Alumina b kt 2,100 1,997 2,345 2,266 2,199 2,376 2,356 2,343
Aluminium (ingot metal) kt 233 252 225 226 231 237 228 257
Copper
Ores and concentrates c kt 47 53 76 57 43 69 30 70
Refined kt 42 35 33 42 40 47 49 46
Total metallic content d kt 57 58 57 59 52 68 58 65
Diamonds es '000 ct 265 179 196 383 974 239 335 62
Gold s t 55 54 51 79 73 52 72 61
Iron ore fc kt 20,991 24,876 26,415 23,646 25,817 28,169 27,691 29,879
Lead
Refined kt 24 36 28 38 28 31 43 46
Bullion kt 53 42 41 55 27 42 73 46
Nickel
Total metallic content ds kt 17 18 18 20 18 22 22 22
Silver, refined t 2 4 4 5 4 22 36 44
Steel gs kt 313 480 496 451 377 495 510 553
Tin ds t 2,109 1,977 1,447 654 1,207 824 1,897 1,843
Titanium s
Ilmenite concentrate kt 227 261 275 279 206 305 210 255
Leucoxene concentrate kt 1 15 9 3 3 4 2 2
Rutile concentrate kt 52 49 54 30 65 27 48 34
Synthetic rutile kt 30 30 37 54 39 63 66 82
Titanium dioxide pigment kt 16 14 11 15 14 12 13 21
Zinc
Refined kt 38 35 47 41 42 30 0 15
Zircon concentrate s kt 102 77 83 71 82 91 87 64
Energy
Coal, black
Metallurgical Mt 15 16 14 14 16 18 16 17
Thermal Mt 11 11 13 12 14 13 15 13
Petroleum
Crude oil and other refinery feedstock ML 2,213 2,111 2,668 2,255 2,031 1,877 1,806 2,537
LPG ML 511 478 536 394 281 297 410 397
Refinery products ML 573 617 730 671 793 758 1,034 991
LNG Mt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
b Includes aluminium hydroxide.

c Gross weight
d Metallic content of all ores, concentrates, intermediate products (where applicable) and refined metal.
s estimate.
g Crude steel equivalent and iron. Crude steel is defined as the first solid state of production after melting.
Note: Data for the most recent period is preliminary.
17 Quarterly commodity exports, by value (fob), Australia
$m Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91 Sep–91 Dec–91
Resources
Aluminium
Bauxite 40 40 40 40 35 35 35 33
Alumina a 709 702 769 760 638 659 611 583
Aluminium (ingot metal) 495 513 466 516 476 470 410 415
Copper
Ores and concentrates 70 54 70 48 33 55 24 47
Refined 137 125 115 146 130 153 142 139
Gemstones
Diamonds s 23 26 20 31 40 46 35 36
Opals 20 20 26 19 27 17 23 17
Sapphires c 4 6 4 4 2 3 4 2
Others d 3 3 6 4 4 4 5 6
Gold 824 727 736 1,138 1,024 760 1,040 860
Iron ore g 457 597 624 581 646 711 733 801
Lead b 121 120 105 116 89 81 94 82
Nickel
Intermediate and refined s 155 160 170 170 150 200 185 160
Silver, refined 10 14 9 10 7 12 9 9
Steel h 150 221 209 210 206 244 241 233
Tin b 16 14 15 9 9 5 11 10
Zinc
Refined 73 78 97 73 69 46 0 22
Other resources 482 447 665 542 652 621 677 707
Total resources 3,963 4,082 4,319 4,626 4,352 4,272 4,417 4,311
Energy
Coal, black
Metallurgical 902 989 836 873 1,015 1,104 969 1,008
Thermal 556 553 630 602 675 634 723 612
Petroleum
Crude oil and other refinery feedstock 338 295 507 597 389 301 325 479
LPG 45 36 42 63 40 30 42 48
Refinery products 128 133 167 217 239 164 216 197
LNG 111 115 106 172 305 248 179 214
Other energy f 183 245 173 362 264 276 221 258
Total energy 2,263 2,366 2,460 2,886 2,929 2,756 2,676 2,815
Total resources and energy 6,226 6,448 6,779 7,512 7,281 7,028 7,094 7,127
Total merchandise 12,181 12,530 12,638 13,515 12,867 13,665 13,825 14,129
Total goods and services 15,388 15,721 15,914 17,128 16,494 17,035 17,214 18,102
a Includes aluminium hydroxide.

b Value of all ores, concentrates, intermediate products (where applicable) and refined metal.
c Excludes cut and polished sapphires from 1 July 1999, for which data are not available separately.
d Includes cut and polished sapphires from 1 July 1999 onwards.
e Unsorted and sorted.
f Excludes coke and semi-coke of coal, of lignite or of peat from June 2016 onwards.
g Includes iron ores, concentrates, lump and pellets
18 Quarterly resources and energy export unit values Australia b
Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91 Sep–91 Dec–91
Energy 33 33 33 39 39 36 34 34
Resources 50 50 49 50 47 47 46 45
Total resources and energy 42 42 42 45 43 42 40 40
b Base: June 2017 = 100.

Notes: Export unit value (EUV) is export values divided by export volumes; the series is a Fisher Price Index, which weights each commodity’s EUV by its share of total export values; data for the most r
19 Quarterly commodity imports, Australia
unit Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91 Sep–91 Dec–91
Quantity
Diamonds b '000 ct 597 667 698 575 512 642 1,443 867
Iron ore kt 678 646 692 744 528 731 1,018 669
Crude steel kt 176 185 144 193 267 238 186 170
Ferroalloys kt 9 8 7 8 10 7 6 9
Petroleum
Crude oil and other refinery feedstock ML 2,597 3,270 2,634 3,381 3,574 3,799 3,622 4,198
Refinery products ML 809 617 601 603 365 250 328 314
Natural gas kt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Phosphate rock kt 413 341 217 121 121 17 107 149
Value
Diamonds b $m 38 29 26 26 50 33 31 27
Gold c $m 98 73 97 157 166 199 239 258
Iron ore $m 14 15 15 17 12 13 21 11
Crude steel $m 194 200 183 182 225 221 190 189
Ferroalloys $m 10 10 7 7 9 8 7 8
Nickel $m 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 1
Petroleum
Crude oil and other refinery feedstock $m 379 437 345 822 715 526 539 653
Natural gas d $m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Refinery products $m 227 180 186 243 175 123 115 111
Phosphate rock $m 27 24 14 8 7 1 7 10
Silver $m 3 1 1 3 2 3 3 5
Other $m 281 268 248 242 213 214 179 150
Total $m 1,273 1,242 1,125 1,710 1,576 1,344 1,334 1,425
b Includes sorted and unsorted, gem and industrial diamonds, and diamond dust and powder.
c Refined and unrefined bullion.
20 Quarterly private resources and energy exploration expenditure, Australia
Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91 Sep–91 Dec–91 Mar–92 Jun–92
$m
Energy
Petroleum
Onshore $m 34 32 49 56 58 55 36 46 27 26
Offshore $m 135 102 119 92 71 84 65 127 70 77
Total $m 168 134 168 147 129 138 101 173 97 103
Coal $m 8 6 7 6 5 5 5 6 8 8
Uranium $m 2 6 5 4 2 3 3 4 2 3
Total energy $m 178 145 181 157 135 146 110 184 108 113
Metals and other minerals

Copper $m na na na na na na na na na na
Diamonds $m 6 13 14 10 6 9 10 9 6 11
Gold $m 68 89 67 87 63 88 79 79 68 78
Iron ore $m 3 3 5 3 2 3 8 12 6 10
Mineral sands $m 5 5 5 6 4 5 3 4 3 4
Nickel, cobalt $m na na na na na na na na na na
Silver, lead and zinc $m na na na na na na na na na na
Other $m 4 4 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 3
Total metals and other minerals $m 120 151 131 157 120 157 145 154 115 150
Total expenditure $m 298 296 312 314 255 303 254 338 223 264
Seasonally adjusted data

Total expenditure $m 348 288 311 281 298 297 251 303 263 256
Metres drilled, metals and other minerals 000 1,710 1,556 1,592 1,613 1,561 1,448 1,615 1,338 1,413 1,508

21 Monthly resources and energy export unit values
Alumina Aluminium Bauxite Metallurgical coal Thermal coal Copper refined Gold refined Iron ore b LNG Nickel refined c
A$/t A$/kg A$/t A$/t A$/t A$/t A$/kg A$/t A$/GJ A$/t
January 1990 332 2 na 60 47 3,232 13,902 21 na na

February 1990 337 2 na 61 50 3,171 16,408 22 na na
March 1990 342 2 na 62 51 3,415 16,186 22 na na
April 1990 343 2 na 61 50 3,398 13,602 23 na na
May 1990 362 2 na 63 50 4,283 14,660 25 na na
June 1990 349 2 na 61 50 3,498 14,662 24 na na
July 1990 326 2 na 61 49 3,273 14,056 24 na na
August 1990 328 2 na 60 48 3,404 15,962 23 na na
September 1990 329 2 na 59 47 3,617 14,331 23 na na
October 1990 326 2 na 61 50 3,485 14,462 25 na na
November 1990 341 2 na 63 51 3,459 15,136 23 na na
December 1990 339 2 na 63 49 3,351 15,007 25 na na
January 1991 299 2 na 62 50 3,246 14,479 24 na na
February 1991 289 2 na 62 50 3,180 14,252 24 na na
March 1991 281 2 na 63 50 3,289 14,907 26 na na
April 1991 282 2 na 63 49 3,255 15,006 22 na na
May 1991 267 2 na 62 48 3,285 14,515 26 na na
June 1991 282 2 na 63 49 3,131 14,482 27 na na
July 1991 263 2 na 61 49 2,897 15,039 27 na na
August 1991 256 2 na 61 48 2,919 14,231 27 na na
October 1991 246 2 na 60 47 2,992 14,326 26 na na
November 1991 247 2 na 60 47 3,119 14,592 28 na na
December 1991 254 2 na 62 50 3,040 14,613 27 na na
January 1992 241 2 na 64 50 3,036 15,159 28 na na
February 1992 230 2 na 63 49 2,925 15,252 28 na na
March 1992 225 2 na 61 49 2,983 14,716 27 na na
April 1992 224 2 na 62 47 2,888 14,263 26 na na
May 1992 237 2 na 62 49 2,894 14,420 26 na na
June 1992 224 2 na 62 49 2,976 14,434 26 na na
July 1992 237 2 na 63 50 3,241 15,131 26 na na
August 1992 235 2 na 64 51 3,352 15,262 27 na na
October 1992 238 2 na 66 51 3,268 15,364 28 na na
November 1992 241 2 na 66 52 3,344 15,644 29 na na
December 1992 245 2 na 68 50 3,102 15,548 28 na na
January 1993 253 2 na 69 53 3,309 15,498 29 na na
February 1993 258 2 na 69 52 3,278 15,601 28 na na
March 1993 235 2 na 65 48 3,251 15,184 26 na na
April 1993 239 2 na 64 47 3,123 15,310 25 na na
May 1993 239 2 na 64 48 2,834 16,890 26 na na
June 1993 249 2 na 65 48 2,638 17,990 25 na na
July 1993 247 2 na 64 49 2,643 18,717 25 na na
August 1993 242 2 na 65 48 2,763 18,126 26 na na
October 1993 246 2 na 65 50 2,921 17,807 26 na na
November 1993 244 2 na 65 49 2,573 18,273 25 na na
December 1993 235 2 na 64 49 2,486 18,316 26 na na
January 1994 218 2 na 62 49 2,570 17,922 25 na na
February 1994 199 2 na 61 47 2,566 17,217 24 na na
March 1994 205 2 na 60 46 2,365 17,385 24 na na
April 1994 207 2 na 58 47 2,699 17,085 22 na na
May 1994 205 2 na 56 45 2,641 16,939 23 na na
June 1994 205 2 na 56 45 2,940 16,980 21 na na
July 1994 204 2 na 56 45 3,151 16,924 21 na na
August 1994 211 2 na 55 44 3,190 16,577 21 na na
October 1994 206 2 na 55 43 3,330 17,043 21 na na
November 1994 215 2 na 54 43 3,319 16,465 21 na na
December 1994 206 2 na 53 42 3,521 15,828 20 na na
January 1995 210 3 na 54 42 3,737 15,956 21 na na
February 1995 218 3 na 54 44 3,845 16,313 22 na na
March 1995 211 3 na 56 44 3,934 16,765 21 na na
April 1995 227 3 na 57 44 3,944 17,244 23 na na
May 1995 235 3 na 60 47 3,954 17,116 23 na na
June 1995 243 3 na 62 49 4,008 17,363 23 na na
July 1995 254 3 na 63 49 4,261 17,163 23 na na
August 1995 241 3 na 61 50 4,191 16,692 23 na na
October 1995 229 2 na 61 49 3,832 16,339 23 na na
November 1995 243 2 na 63 51 3,857 16,599 23 na na
December 1995 239 2 na 62 50 4,028 16,844 22 na na
January 1996 266 2 na 63 51 3,993 17,229 23 na 9,226
February 1996 261 2 na 62 51 3,747 17,173 22 na 9,226
March 1996 253 2 na 61 49 3,445 16,658 22 na 9,226
April 1996 248 2 na 60 48 3,311 16,170 23 na 8,737
May 1996 251 2 na 59 47 3,388 15,822 23 na 8,737
June 1996 246 2 na 60 49 3,400 15,822 23 na 8,737
July 1996 234 2 na 61 48 2,672 15,675 23 na 8,282
August 1996 241 2 na 61 49 2,573 15,972 22 na 8,282
September 1996 239 2 na 61 48 2,600 15,602 23 na 8,282
October 1996 228 2 na 61 48 2,526 15,540 23 na 7,902
November 1996 223 2 na 60 47 2,576 15,520 22 na 7,902
December 1996 230 2 na 61 46 2,749 15,062 22 na 7,902
January 1997 231 2 na 62 46 2,575 14,951 24 na 7,827
February 1997 238 2 na 63 47 2,674 14,735 23 na 7,827
March 1997 233 2 na 60 45 3,120 14,546 23 na 7,827
April 1997 243 2 na 62 45 2,838 14,451 23 na 8,715
May 1997 242 2 na 61 45 2,809 14,320 23 na 8,715
June 1997 254 2 na 62 46 3,290 14,683 24 na 8,715
July 1997 245 2 na 63 46 3,479 14,088 24 na 7,685
August 1997 255 2 na 64 45 3,392 14,092 24 na 7,685
September 1997 259 2 na 64 47 3,279 14,410 25 na 7,685
October 1997 259 2 na 65 46 3,136 14,582 25 na 7,859
November 1997 271 2 na 69 48 3,031 14,364 26 na 7,859
December 1997 282 2 na 72 50 3,062 14,039 28 na 7,859
January 1998 292 2 na 72 49 2,771 13,885 28 na 6,867
February 1998 280 2 na 70 48 2,659 14,261 27 na 6,867
March 1998 276 2 na 70 49 2,617 14,253 26 na 6,867
April 1998 285 2 na 69 50 2,649 15,184 28 na 6,861
May 1998 291 2 na 71 49 2,755 15,379 30 na 6,861
June 1998 298 2 na 72 50 2,813 15,690 30 na 6,861
July 1998 278 2 na 70 47 2,720 15,296 29 na 6,221
August 1998 287 2 na 73 49 2,783 15,625 31 na 6,221
September 1998 287 2 na 71 49 2,792 15,773 31 na 6,221
October 1998 269 2 na 70 47 2,757 15,406 30 na 5,431
November 1998 278 2 na 66 44 2,693 15,014 29 na 5,431
December 1998 276 2 na 66 44 2,614 15,303 30 na 5,431
January 1999 249 2 na 66 45 2,617 15,035 29 na 6,507
February 1999 245 2 na 64 43 2,577 14,830 29 na 6,507
March 1999 258 2 na 64 44 2,309 14,809 28 na 6,507
April 1999 242 2 na 59 42 2,288 14,355 25 na 6,967
May 1999 246 2 na 53 40 2,227 14,035 23 na 6,967
June 1999 240 2 na 53 42 2,284 13,135 25 na 6,967
July 1999 252 2 na 52 40 2,283 12,733 24 na 8,209
August 1999 259 2 na 53 41 2,461 12,959 25 na 8,209
September 1999 260 2 na 53 39 2,537 13,123 25 na 8,209
October 1999 276 2 na 53 39 2,569 15,625 24 na 10,224
November 1999 284 2 na 53 38 2,705 14,925 25 na 10,224
December 1999 286 2 na 53 37 2,733 14,654 25 na 10,224
January 2000 291 2 na 52 37 2,621 14,241 23 na 12,795
February 2000 321 3 na 54 40 2,913 15,342 25 na 12,795
March 2000 323 3 na 55 39 3,033 15,315 25 na 12,795
April 2000 348 3 na 54 40 3,024 15,276 27 na 15,149
May 2000 340 3 na 56 41 2,977 15,846 29 na 15,149
June 2000 327 3 na 55 40 2,961 15,630 27 na 15,149
July 2000 337 3 na 55 42 3,094 15,674 27 na 11,411
August 2000 336 3 na 56 42 3,097 15,363 28 na 11,411
September 2000 358 3 na 59 44 3,319 16,072 28 na 11,411
October 2000 367 3 na 62 47 3,627 16,653 32 na 11,705
November 2000 375 3 na 63 46 3,749 16,479 32 na 11,705
December 2000 352 3 na 61 45 3,454 15,930 31 na 11,705
January 2001 341 3 na 60 46 3,325 15,441 29 na 13,680
February 2001 345 3 na 61 48 3,383 15,763 32 na 13,680
March 2001 365 3 na 64 49 3,600 16,804 33 na 13,680
April 2001 369 3 na 67 54 3,532 16,764 33 na 12,328
May 2001 349 3 na 70 56 3,387 16,664 34 na 12,328
June 2001 355 3 na 74 57 3,232 16,655 34 na 12,328
July 2001 345 3 na 75 60 3,223 16,819 33 na 11,154
August 2001 341 3 na 75 58 3,028 16,623 33 na 11,154
September 2001 339 3 na 79 60 2,976 17,924 35 na 11,154
October 2001 325 3 na 79 62 2,925 17,981 35 na 11,559
November 2001 313 3 na 78 59 2,750 17,238 34 na 11,559
December 2001 313 3 na 77 58 2,845 17,054 34 na 11,559
January 2002 306 3 na 76 58 2,887 17,459 33 na 10,767
February 2002 314 3 na 78 58 2,929 18,491 32 na 10,767
March 2002 300 3 na 77 56 2,933 18,050 33 na 10,767
April 2002 300 3 na 74 55 2,859 18,072 32 na 10,291
May 2002 291 3 na 73 54 2,923 18,414 31 na 10,291
June 2002 281 2 na 70 52 2,757 18,066 30 na 10,291
July 2002 283 2 na 72 50 2,922 18,416 31 na 10,951
August 2002 290 2 na 74 51 2,892 18,418 32 na 10,951
September 2002 287 2 na 73 49 2,714 18,673 31 na 10,951
October 2002 283 2 na 73 46 2,662 18,515 31 na 11,981
November 2002 281 2 na 74 46 2,618 18,158 30 na 11,981
December 2002 269 2 na 73 45 2,725 18,590 30 na 11,981
January 2003 270 2 na 69 44 2,699 19,398 29 na 14,739
February 2003 277 2 na 69 43 2,721 19,229 28 na 14,739
March 2003 281 2 na 66 42 2,715 18,041 28 na 14,739
April 2003 281 2 na 66 41 2,664 17,108 29 na 13,620
May 2003 276 2 na 61 39 2,494 17,273 27 na 13,620
June 2003 257 2 na 60 38 2,429 17,099 27 na 13,620
July 2003 256 2 na 59 38 2,474 16,826 26 na 12,998
August 2003 272 2 na 59 38 2,591 17,506 27 na 12,998
September 2003 274 2 na 59 38 2,616 18,273 27 na 12,998
October 2003 267 2 na 56 37 2,563 17,420 26 na 13,006
November 2003 270 2 na 54 36 2,710 17,413 25 na 13,006
December 2003 270 2 na 52 35 2,714 17,679 25 na 13,006
January 2004 257 2 na 50 36 2,789 17,182 24 na 19,189
February 2004 268 2 na 50 38 3,016 16,661 24 na 19,189
March 2004 293 2 na 55 41 3,594 17,418 26 na 19,189
April 2004 280 2 na 61 45 3,825 17,760 29 na 18,877
May 2004 318 2 24 70 54 3,782 17,651 31 na 18,877
June 2004 311 2 19 71 55 3,793 18,368 32 na 18,877
July 2004 304 2 25 72 54 3,775 17,863 31 na 18,384
August 2004 315 2 30 75 58 3,957 17,979 31 na 18,384
September 2004 324 3 27 73 59 4,079 18,396 32 na 18,384
October 2004 304 2 34 75 59 4,131 18,120 31 na 18,140
November 2004 296 2 23 74 58 3,955 18,099 30 na 18,140
December 2004 316 2 23 74 57 4,040 18,618 30 na 18,140
January 2005 308 2 19 75 59 4,109 17,777 31 na 17,226
February 2005 295 2 24 74 60 4,188 17,156 30 na 17,226
March 2005 308 3 17 75 59 4,236 17,784 30 na 17,226
April 2005 326 3 30 111 62 4,342 17,666 47 na 20,048
May 2005 323 2 33 119 63 4,491 17,539 50 na 20,048
June 2005 314 2 19 127 65 4,510 17,612 51 na 20,048
July 2005 333 2 22 136 67 4,848 17,732 52 na 19,830
August 2005 318 2 23 138 66 5,002 18,204 50 na 19,830
September 2005 331 2 17 137 65 5,094 19,008 50 na 19,830
October 2005 322 3 19 144 66 5,432 20,000 52 na 17,169
November 2005 336 3 23 150 67 5,947 20,718 53 na 17,169
December 2005 363 3 21 146 67 6,189 22,143 53 na 17,169
January 2006 362 3 23 143 63 6,424 23,351 52 na 28,565
February 2006 373 3 20 143 64 6,762 23,738 53 na 28,565
March 2006 380 3 29 149 65 7,640 24,437 54 na 28,565
April 2006 408 3 22 140 63 8,901 26,605 56 na 32,070
May 2006 402 4 24 130 63 9,722 26,757 55 na 32,070
June 2006 429 4 26 137 63 10,226 25,467 61 na 32,070
July 2006 416 3 24 127 63 10,094 26,690 61 na 29,621
August 2006 426 3 23 123 62 10,138 25,835 60 na 29,621
September 2006 414 3 19 122 62 10,093 25,044 61 na 29,621
October 2006 424 3 22 121 61 9,768 24,785 60 na 31,579
November 2006 415 3 31 118 60 9,101 26,069 60 na 31,579
December 2006 414 3 28 116 59 8,120 25,438 59 na 31,579
January 2007 409 4 29 115 59 8,110 25,855 59 na 47,557
February 2007 421 4 31 113 63 7,759 26,550 61 na 47,557
March 2007 425 4 32 115 59 8,491 26,604 60 na 47,557
April 2007 399 3 27 101 60 9,148 26,390 61 na 45,452
May 2007 403 3 30 100 60 9,418 25,991 61 na 45,452
June 2007 407 3 27 100 59 9,051 24,985 60 na 45,452
July 2007 379 3 25 93 58 8,878 24,120 59 na 46,760
August 2007 408 3 29 98 63 9,351 25,432 62 na 46,760
September 2007 391 3 26 99 63 9,172 26,958 61 na 46,760
October 2007 351 3 26 90 60 8,682 26,867 59 na 38,277
November 2007 350 3 26 92 62 8,277 28,376 62 na 38,277
December 2007 365 3 26 94 66 8,369 28,767 65 na 38,277
January 2008 348 3 30 94 68 8,305 31,407 69 na 23,469
February 2008 348 3 27 97 69 8,587 31,868 65 na 23,469
March 2008 356 3 29 104 78 8,597 32,496 68 na 23,469
April 2008 386 3 31 127 89 9,141 30,751 84 na 22,547
May 2008 377 3 19 173 92 8,810 29,062 88 na 22,547
June 2008 368 3 18 221 99 8,736 29,116 87 na 22,547
July 2008 384 3 25 245 105 8,326 30,446 101 na 46,994
August 2008 409 3 28 285 113 8,592 29,290 110 na 46,994
September 2008 445 3 25 321 131 6,342 30,761 121 na 46,994
October 2008 481 4 27 380 159 5,646 36,674 138 na 29,447
November 2008 467 3 26 405 165 6,040 35,357 128 na 29,447
December 2008 426 3 26 385 165 4,803 38,312 110 na 29,447
January 2009 343 2 27 354 149 4,843 39,429 111 na 23,299
February 2009 343 2 24 341 152 5,354 45,680 118 na 23,299
March 2009 312 2 32 288 133 6,220 43,812 111 na 23,299
April 2009 278 2 23 242 109 6,254 38,768 87 na 19,198
May 2009 260 2 19 172 99 6,240 37,965 76 na 19,198
June 2009 254 2 19 160 91 6,313 36,619 76 na 19,198
July 2009 267 2 19 154 96 6,965 36,329 73 na 17,827
August 2009 268 2 18 144 88 7,325 35,471 74 na 17,827
September 2009 277 2 18 145 87 7,179 36,277 74 na 17,827
October 2009 271 2 20 134 80 7,037 36,137 71 na 15,009
November 2009 278 2 19 133 82 7,085 38,433 70 na 15,009
December 2009 288 2 21 139 80 7,334 38,152 71 na 15,009
January 2010 308 3 21 138 83 7,538 37,848 75 na 25,741
February 2010 324 3 23 140 86 6,557 38,082 87 na 25,741
March 2010 308 2 26 145 85 7,088 37,802 87 na 25,741
April 2010 313 3 25 173 88 7,497 38,967 120 na 28,641
May 2010 343 3 27 197 98 7,771 43,474 132 na 28,641
June 2010 337 2 29 212 103 7,839 45,021 126 na 28,641
July 2010 311 2 29 211 100 7,888 43,107 143 na 26,084
August 2010 304 2 29 222 99 8,200 41,446 137 na 26,084
September 2010 297 2 27 210 98 8,260 41,857 131 na 26,084
October 2010 296 2 26 199 92 8,576 42,574 123 na 26,069
November 2010 312 2 24 189 92 8,551 43,455 121 na 26,069
December 2010 316 2 24 187 94 9,012 44,150 120 na 26,069
January 2011 304 3 29 223 97 9,822 43,460 139 na 24,212
February 2011 338 3 28 197 100 9,575 42,108 147 na 24,212
March 2011 347 3 27 206 101 9,496 44,160 137 na 24,212
April 2011 335 3 26 227 97 8,918 43,913 138 na 19,220
May 2011 341 3 26 259 99 8,508 44,093 135 na 19,220
June 2011 348 3 26 252 104 8,780 45,091 133 na 19,220
July 2011 335 2 25 252 105 8,553 45,890 127 na 17,260
August 2011 345 2 27 252 109 8,235 50,538 130 na 17,260
September 2011 331 2 29 247 108 7,877 54,263 126 na 17,260
October 2011 331 2 31 245 114 7,504 51,617 122 na 15,532
November 2011 321 2 30 236 114 7,506 53,843 121 na 15,532
December 2011 304 2 29 224 113 7,914 51,256 108 na 15,532
January 2012 282 2 28 203 111 7,861 49,613 113 na 12,659
February 2012 283 2 28 184 107 7,917 51,437 111 na 12,659
March 2012 297 2 26 184 106 7,993 50,812 115 na 12,659
April 2012 299 2 27 185 103 7,887 50,938 119 na 13,610
May 2012 304 2 29 186 105 7,918 51,048 121 na 13,610
June 2012 296 2 29 182 102 7,593 50,368 117 na 13,610
July 2012 279 2 29 173 97 7,371 49,558 108 na 11,443
August 2012 265 2 28 171 94 7,447 52,629 98 na 11,443
September 2012 262 2 28 163 92 7,739 62,006 85 na 11,443
October 2012 281 2 28 142 93 7,731 65,554 87 na 10,845
November 2012 274 2 28 131 88 7,651 59,048 92 na 10,845
December 2012 271 2 28 132 86 7,650 55,843 93 na 10,845
January 2013 288 2 30 136 86 7,679 55,767 107 na 13,990
February 2013 291 2 29 139 87 7,801 54,455 114 na 13,990
March 2013 299 2 29 137 86 7,433 49,688 112 na 13,990
April 2013 287 2 33 140 83 7,040 46,647 112 na 14,336
May 2013 290 2 33 140 88 7,371 47,272 112 na 14,336
June 2013 305 2 35 144 89 7,461 47,736 106 na 14,336
July 2013 313 2 36 139 90 7,592 46,241 111 na 21,128
August 2013 307 2 36 134 91 7,866 49,359 118 na 21,128
September 2013 304 2 35 131 88 7,798 48,279 118 na 21,128
October 2013 295 2 34 131 85 7,577 46,363 113 na 14,899
November 2013 299 2 40 137 84 7,650 45,567 115 na 14,899
December 2013 305 2 40 138 89 8,018 44,954 122 na 14,899
January 2014 318 2 33 138 91 8,247 44,766 122 na 17,547
February 2014 319 2 36 132 89 7,856 46,352 116 na 17,547
March 2014 306 2 34 127 84 7,436 48,365 105 na 17,547
April 2014 299 2 33 117 80 7,246 46,213 99 na 19,774
May 2014 316 2 38 112 80 7,249 48,659 91 na 19,774
June 2014 302 2 36 109 78 7,407 44,871 82 na 19,774
July 2014 310 2 36 108 77 7,459 44,613 81 na 22,440
August 2014 308 3 39 107 75 7,533 44,478 79 na 22,440
September 2014 333 3 41 107 77 7,735 43,962 75 na 22,440
October 2014 349 3 44 114 75 7,768 44,766 72 na 23,438
November 2014 354 3 46 116 78 7,658 43,554 69 na 23,438
December 2014 393 3 47 120 81 7,650 45,971 70 na 23,438
January 2015 390 3 49 125 79 7,277 48,397 70 na 18,722
February 2015 399 3 52 127 84 7,443 51,727 69 na 18,722
March 2015 391 3 48 128 84 7,761 49,209 63 na 18,722
April 2015 388 3 53 121 79 8,003 49,542 56 na 16,891
May 2015 387 3 48 111 77 7,846 48,784 60 na 16,891
June 2015 387 3 52 109 77 7,514 49,029 64 na 16,891
July 2015 393 2 53 112 78 7,321 49,092 59 9 14,467
August 2015 386 2 52 111 80 7,207 48,591 61 10 14,467
September 2015 392 2 50 111 81 7,473 51,242 64 10 14,467
October 2015 366 2 56 104 78 7,329 51,446 61 10 14,640
November 2015 361 2 51 104 75 6,823 48,422 55 10 14,640
December 2015 324 2 50 100 73 6,294 47,234 48 9 14,640
January 2016 301 2 46 103 72 6,467 49,296 49 9 10,891
February 2016 288 2 43 101 72 6,650 53,575 53 8 10,891
March 2016 291 2 39 96 67 6,594 52,729 59 8 10,891
April 2016 307 2 42 99 65 6,321 51,414 62 7 10,716
May 2016 327 2 46 107 70 6,441 55,827 63 7 10,716
June 2016 336 2 41 109 69 6,472 55,688 57 7 10,716
July 2016 315 2 42 110 69 6,255 56,997 60 7 11,650
August 2016 309 2 40 114 73 6,325 56,307 64 7 11,650
September 2016 305 2 41 130 79 6,270 56,743 63 7 11,650
October 2016 299 2 40 175 88 6,575 53,922 63 8 12,716
November 2016 338 2 44 239 104 7,303 53,108 74 8 12,716
December 2016 387 2 44 258 109 7,755 51,171 84 8 12,716
January 2017 427 2 40 250 103 7,765 51,520 84 9 14,871
February 2017 400 2 42 230 99 7,679 51,501 87 8 14,871
March 2017 426 3 43 218 100 7,620 52,206 88 8 14,871
April 2017 409 3 45 213 100 7,636 53,811 77 9 13,370
May 2017 402 3 42 233 103 7,918 54,405 66 9 13,370
June 2017 362 2 41 215 99 7,715 54,125 62 9 13,370
July 2017 377 3 38 184 98 7,849 51,726 70 8 11,171
August 2017 365 3 39 170 103 7,836 52,955 75 8 11,171
September 2017 384 2 38 176 105 8,249 53,216 74 8 11,171
October 2017 433 3 38 180 108 8,349 53,242 67 8 13,891
b Lump and fines.

c Includes intermediate products; data is quarterly average; figures for the latest 6 months are preliminary
Source: ABS, International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia, cat. no. 5368.0
22 Monthly resources and energy benchmark prices
Premium hard
coking coal fob
Aluminium LME Alumina fob East Coast Thermal coal fob Gold price LBMA Iron ore fines fob LNG Japan spot Oil Brent spot price Uranium industry
cash Australia Australia Newcastle 6000 kc PM Australia a import price Oil WTI spot price spot price b Copper LME cash
US$/t US$/t US$/t US$/t US$/oz US$/t US$/MMBtu US$/bbl US$/bbl US$/lb US$/t
January 1990 1,529 na na na 410 na na na na 9 2,358

February 1990 1,455 na na na 417 na na na na 9 2,358
March 1990 1,568 na na na 396 na na na na 9 2,629
April 1990 1,526 na na na 375 na na na na 9 2,692
May 1990 1,528 na na na 369 na na na na 9 2,742
June 1990 1,566 na na na 356 na na na na 11 2,582
July 1990 1,572 na na na 362 na na na na 12 2,763
August 1990 1,783 na na na 396 na na na na 12 2,947
September 1990 2,068 na na na 390 na na na na 11 3,035
October 1990 1,949 na na na 381 na na na na 9 2,742
November 1990 1,618 na na na 382 na na na na 10 2,580
December 1990 1,524 na na na 380 na na na na 10 2,494
September 1991 1,212 na na na 348 na na na na 8 2,320
October 1991 1,152 na na na 359 na na na na 8 2,364
November 1991 1,137 na na na 360 na na na na 7 2,381
December 1991 1,098 na na na 362 na na na na 9 2,220
September 1992 1,269 na na na 346 na na 22 20 9 2,399
October 1992 1,172 na na na 344 na na 22 20 10 2,260
November 1992 1,159 na na na 335 na na 20 19 11 2,158
December 1992 1,207 na na na 335 na na 19 18 10 2,208
January 1993 1,207 na na na 329 na na 19 18 10 2,263
February 1993 1,202 na na na 330 na na 20 18 10 2,216
March 1993 1,152 na na na 331 na na 20 19 10 2,147
April 1993 1,109 na na na 343 na na 20 19 10 1,946
May 1993 1,124 na na na 367 na na 20 19 10 1,796
June 1993 1,166 na na na 373 na na 19 18 10 1,857
July 1993 1,203 na na na 393 na na 18 17 10 1,927
August 1993 1,172 na na na 377 na na 18 17 10 1,947
May 1994 1,323 na na na 382 na na 18 16 9 2,150
June 1994 1,402 na na na 386 na na 19 17 9 2,363
July 1994 1,493 na na na 385 na na 20 18 9 2,458
May 1995 1,763 na na na 385 na na 20 19 12 2,773
June 1995 1,780 na na na 388 na na 18 17 12 2,995
July 1995 1,860 na na na 386 na na 17 16 12 3,076
May 1996 1,590 na na na 392 na na 21 19 17 2,658
June 1996 1,483 na na na 385 na na 20 19 17 2,160
July 1996 1,459 na na na 383 na na 21 20 17 1,986
May 1997 1,626 na na na 344 na na 21 19 12 2,514
June 1997 1,568 na na na 341 na na 19 18 11 2,613
July 1997 1,593 na na na 324 na na 20 18 11 2,452
May 1998 1,365 na na na 299 na na 15 15 11 1,733
June 1998 1,308 na na na 292 na na 14 13 11 1,661
July 1998 1,310 na na na 293 na na 14 13 11 1,651
May 1999 1,322 na na na 277 na na 18 16 11 1,511
June 1999 1,316 na na na 261 na na 18 16 10 1,422
July 1999 1,404 na na na 256 na na 20 19 10 1,640
May 2000 1,467 na na na 275 na na 29 28 8 1,786
June 2000 1,507 na na na 286 na na 31 30 8 1,753
July 2000 1,564 na na na 282 na na 30 29 8 1,799
May 2001 1,539 na na na 272 na na 29 28 9 1,682
June 2001 1,467 na na na 270 na na 28 28 9 1,608
July 2001 1,414 na na na 267 na na 26 24 9 1,523
May 2002 1,344 na na na 314 na na 27 26 10 1,594
June 2002 1,354 na na na 321 na na 25 24 10 1,648
July 2002 1,338 na na na 313 na na 27 26 10 1,589
May 2003 1,399 na na na 356 na na 28 26 11 1,648
June 2003 1,410 na na na 356 na na 31 28 11 1,687
July 2003 1,437 na na na 351 na na 31 28 11 1,710
May 2004 1,624 na na na 384 na na 40 38 18 2,734
June 2004 1,678 na na na 392 na na 38 35 19 2,687
July 2004 1,710 na na na 398 na na 41 38 19 2,808
May 2005 1,747 na na na 422 na na 50 49 29 3,253
June 2005 1,731 na na na 431 na na 56 54 29 3,524
July 2005 1,779 na na na 424 na na 59 58 30 3,614
May 2006 2,861 na na na 675 na na 71 70 43 8,046
June 2006 2,477 na na na 596 na na 71 69 46 7,198
July 2006 2,513 na na na 634 na na 74 74 47 7,712
May 2007 2,795 na na na 667 na na 63 67 125 7,682
June 2007 2,677 na na na 655 na na 67 71 136 7,476
July 2007 2,733 na na na 665 na na 74 77 120 7,977
May 2008 2,903 na na na 889 na na 125 123 60 8,383
June 2008 2,958 na na na 889 na na 134 132 59 8,261
July 2008 3,071 na na na 940 na na 133 133 65 8,414
November 2008 1,852 na na na 761 56 na 57 52 55 3,717
December 2008 1,490 na na na 816 67 na 41 40 53 3,072
January 2009 1,413 na na na 859 67 na 42 43 48 3,221
February 2009 1,330 na na na 943 67 na 39 43 45 3,315
March 2009 1,336 na na na 924 54 na 48 47 42 3,750
April 2009 1,421 na na na 890 53 na 50 50 44 4,407
May 2009 1,460 na na na 929 52 na 59 57 49 4,569
June 2009 1,574 na na na 946 54 na 70 69 52 5,012
July 2009 1,668 na na na 934 68 na 64 64 47 5,216
August 2009 1,934 na na na 949 81 na 71 73 46 6,165
September 2009 1,834 na na na 997 70 na 69 68 43 6,196
October 2009 1,879 na na na 1,043 75 na 76 73 50 6,288
November 2009 1,946 na na na 1,127 80 na 78 77 46 6,676
December 2009 2,180 na na na 1,135 88 na 74 74 45 6,982
January 2010 2,235 na na 98 1,118 110 na 78 76 43 7,386
February 2010 2,059 na na 91 1,095 115 na 76 74 42 6,848
March 2010 2,206 na 224 95 1,113 126 na 81 79 42 7,463
April 2010 2,317 na 234 97 1,149 158 na 84 85 42 7,745
May 2010 2,041 na 221 101 1,205 145 na 74 76 41 6,838
June 2010 1,929 na 208 98 1,233 129 na 75 75 42 6,491
July 2010 1,988 na 191 96 1,193 117 na 76 75 46 6,735
23 Aluminium
unit 2015–16 2016–17 Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91 Sep–91 Dec–91 Mar–92 Jun–92 Sep–92 Dec–92 Mar–93 Jun–93 Sep–93 Dec–93 Mar–94 Jun–94 Sep–94 Dec–94 Mar–95 Jun–95 Sep–95 Dec–95 Mar–96 Jun–96 Sep–96 Dec–96 Mar–97 Jun–97 Sep–97 Dec–97 Mar–98 Jun–98 Sep–98 Dec–98 Mar–99 Jun–99 Sep–99 Dec–99 Mar–00 Jun–00 Sep–00 Dec–00 Mar–01 Jun–01 Sep–01 Dec–01 Mar–02 Jun–02 Sep–02 Dec–02 Mar–03 Jun–03 Sep–03 Dec–03
Production
Mine
Bauxite
Queensland kt 28,102 30,040 2,430 2,816 2,630 3,334 2,817 2,620 2,132 2,382 2,319 1,961 2,320 2,021 2,347 2,083 1,932 2,016 2,358 2,158 2,333 2,207 2,619 2,176 2,315 1,931 2,334 2,600 2,304 2,215 2,113 2,509 2,576 2,613 2,075 2,109 2,494 2,763 2,951 2,707 2,811 3,031 2,810 3,044 3,021 3,021 2,946 2,861 2,729 2,936 2,808 2,779 2,885 2,912 2,942 3,106 2,937 3,074
Western Australia kt 45,029 45,000 5,930 5,626 6,003 6,316 5,793 6,019 6,629 6,271 6,373 6,017 6,402 6,649 6,821 6,809 6,967 6,499 6,903 6,719 6,706 6,761 6,657 6,729 7,451 7,028 6,946 6,825 6,865 6,734 6,722 7,143 7,148 7,038 7,175 7,183 6,982 7,416 7,723 7,116 8,085 7,543 8,497 8,353 9,120 8,993 8,885 8,960 8,995 9,162 9,437 8,882 8,760 9,603 9,010 9,195 9,579 9,607
Northern Territory kt 8,325 9,858 1,530 1,458 1,773 1,543 1,368 1,535 1,595 1,343 1,397 1,437 1,508 1,338 1,549 1,334 1,497 1,468 1,392 1,378 1,523 1,721 1,386 1,491 1,505 1,368 1,359 1,646 1,749 1,484 1,515 1,635 1,743 1,710 1,556 1,558 1,683 1,659 1,303 1,647 1,897 1,602 1,668 1,705 1,820 1,750 1,521 1,661 1,572 1,571 1,563 1,515 1,519 1,472 1,434 1,636 1,636 1,447
Australia kt 81,456 84,899 9,890 9,899 10,406 11,194 9,978 10,174 10,357 9,995 10,089 9,415 10,230 10,008 10,717 10,225 10,395 9,983 10,652 10,256 10,562 10,690 10,662 10,395 11,271 10,327 10,639 11,071 10,919 10,434 10,350 11,286 11,467 11,361 10,806 10,850 11,159 11,838 11,977 11,470 12,793 12,176 12,974 13,102 13,961 13,764 13,353 13,482 13,296 13,669 13,808 13,176 13,164 13,986 13,386 13,936 14,152 14,128
Alumina content
kt 32,298 34,107 3,785 3,872 4,037 4,395 3,875 3,917 3,856 3,762 3,782 3,507 3,849 3,670 4,002 3,747 3,792 3,689 3,954 3,786 3,949 3,999 4,027 3,858 4,147 3,748 3,939 4,193 4,095 3,875 3,837 4,233 4,326 4,296 3,965 3,987 4,203 4,462 4,472 4,338 4,795 4,612 4,797 4,901 5,166 5,051 4,908 4,952 4,845 5,008 5,011 4,813 4,836 5,068 4,889 5,129 5,145 5,135
Smelter and refinery

Alumina kt 20,550 20,599 2,753 2,746 2,849 2,883 2,735 2,935 3,032 3,011 2,874 2,907 1,562 1,608 3,094 3,125 3,225 3,154 3,172 3,209 3,235 3,203 3,203 3,299 3,362 3,297 3,319 3,348 3,341 3,341 3,201 3,370 3,429 3,385 3,319 3,449 3,532 3,553 3,522 3,601 3,707 3,702 3,710 3,918 4,004 4,049 3,950 4,096 4,119 4,149 4,077 4,072 4,161 4,072 4,019 4,161 4,125 4,224
Aluminium (ingot metal) kt 1,649 1,518 303 307 312 312 304 309 312 310 306 307 314 319 323 351 357 357 346 324 326 322 316 322 329 330 332 339 350 350 341 353 391 410 390 398 414 424 420 428 435 436 434 437 447 450 440 450 455 452 445 457 466 468 458 463 464 472
Exports
Quantity
Bauxite kt 20,971 24,851 1,508 1,508 2,057 2,057 1,436 1,436 1,137 1,137 1,084 1,084 965 965 1,141 1,141 620 620 1,462 999 1,195 1,466 1,438 837 1,588 729 1,018 1,383 1,272 820 1,100 1,544 1,502 1,515 1,140 848 991 1,577 1,775 1,054 1,985 1,429 2,171 1,674 2,170 1,813 1,589 1,319 1,122 1,189 1,313 1,806 1,898 1,847 1,856 1,843 1,734 1,797
Alumina bc kt 17,676 18,230 2,100 1,997 2,345 2,266 2,199 2,376 2,356 2,343 2,260 2,494 2,277 2,573 2,249 2,566 2,476 2,462 2,493 2,790 2,576 2,711 2,374 2,654 2,805 2,894 2,642 2,644 2,601 2,868 2,740 2,802 2,613 2,746 2,566 2,610 2,616 3,012 2,641 2,790 2,832 2,867 2,971 2,984 3,160 3,304 3,095 3,162 3,391 3,324 3,027 3,349 3,315 3,241 3,394 3,217 3,316 3,570
Aluminium (ingot metal)

Chinese Taipei kt 134 88 21 33 27 28 40 41 33 32 32 37 34 38 31 42 34 46 37 32 27 30 34 28 27 28 35 39 45 34 45 39 39 44 36 58 53 45 55 55 62 58 47 61 51 69 43 39 30 40 51 54 59 55 47 44 46 46
Indonesia kt 41 61 2 2 4 10 10 5 7 8 8 10 6 7 6 8 7 16 14 13 9 10 8 7 10 10 12 8 13 19 13 11 16 10 5 5 10 11 10 12 15 16 10 16 11 14 13 9 13 13 14 12 13 12 11 13 16 17
Japan kt 303 403 145 137 103 113 111 108 115 153 100 104 114 87 80 97 111 124 102 107 85 103 97 87 102 104 117 117 103 89 100 116 141 163 153 136 138 135 128 123 129 148 162 116 160 172 155 174 150 132 131 135 160 151 168 139 136 126
South Korea kt 508 317 30 45 54 39 34 46 39 34 41 38 33 48 39 60 63 61 53 41 50 31 46 39 37 34 40 46 42 26 62 45 46 41 28 45 49 61 63 65 70 58 62 47 56 65 61 36 57 57 55 56 60 63 52 52 63 51
Malaysia kt 64 26 5 7 7 7 6 7 7 5 6 8 8 8 9 8 9 8 10 9 10 10 10 11 11 15 11 11 14 13 8 8 5 6 5 7 12 16 13 7 9 14 9 4 4 7 9 14 15 14 22 12 9 10 16 17 14 15
Thailand kt 119 127 21 18 21 19 21 17 17 16 19 25 21 23 23 26 24 24 25 24 26 28 29 25 25 29 30 30 24 22 17 19 21 22 17 19 14 16 13 15 17 18 19 21 18 18 27 32 36 27 32 27 34 30 36 36 35 45
Total kt 1,442 1,329 233 252 225 226 231 237 228 257 214 232 252 232 228 267 264 297 254 241 225 228 242 225 245 245 271 281 281 235 276 268 297 315 303 318 345 344 348 328 348 357 343 317 343 399 357 372 388 372 369 361 402 395 387 367 386 387
Value
Bauxite $m 992 1,042 40 40 40 40 35 35 35 33 28 22 22 22 21 22 20 21 33 23 26 33 41 25 44 20 23 29 28 18 24 34 35 36 28 21 25 39 44 26 50 36 54 45 61 55 45 35 28 30 33 45 41 41 37 40 36 30

Alumina bc $m 5,995 6,655 709 702 769 760 638 659 611 583 524 568 541 621 557 621 610 595 514 574 537 567 505 623 689 687 685 656 620 651 642 691 661 741 726 759 743 826 663 678 728 810 925 1,008 1,086 1,204 1,087 1,131 1,160 1,053 928 974 951 900 937 873 886 960
Aluminium (ingot metal) $m 3,241 3,165 495 513 466 516 476 470 410 415 347 400 454 417 404 450 469 498 422 434 445 503 633 591 630 576 592 581 541 427 553 567 666 741 699 723 774 734 683 650 756 830 887 829 925 1,144 1,069 1,092 1,094 979 981 912 992 960 922 823 861 820
Imports
Quantity
Bauxite kt 4 6 0 6 9 4 0 12 0 8 0 13 6 10 5 4 7 5 4 4 4 0 1 8 8 0 0 1 5 0 8 0 4 3 5 4 3 0 0 3 3 0 2 6 2 0 0 3 4 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2
Alumina bc kt 11 11 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 6 3 2 3 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 3 30 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 3
Aluminium (ingot metal) kt 57 52 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Value
Bauxite $m 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Alumina b $m 18 14 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 3 2 3 6 3 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 3 2 2 9 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 2 2
Aluminium (ingot metal) $m 145 134 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 2 3 3 4 4 2 1 1 3 4 3 5 2 11 13 11 6 7 2 3 2 5 7 4 3 5 3 3 3 5 4 6 6 4 6 4 5 9 4 3 4 3 3 4 5 4
Prices
Alumina d A$/t 339 365 338 351 328 335 290 277 259 249 232 228 238 241 248 242 246 242 206 206 208 209 213 235 246 237 259 248 238 227 234 247 253 270 283 291 284 274 251 243 257 282 311 338 343 364 351 358 342 317 306 291 287 278 276 271 267 269
Aluminium
LME cash e US$/t 1,543 1,773 1,519 1,541 1,799 1,697 1,506 1,323 1,256 1,129 1,242 1,301 1,296 1,180 1,187 1,133 1,164 1,074 1,245 1,335 1,506 1,823 1,928 1,798 1,837 1,662 1,598 1,553 1,444 1,429 1,596 1,585 1,638 1,579 1,463 1,364 1,321 1,283 1,196 1,306 1,443 1,500 1,640 1,479 1,564 1,511 1,501 1,501 1,381 1,316 1,381 1,356 1,311 1,351 1,396 1,381 1,436 1,512
Australia d A$/t 2,248 2,382 2,125 2,033 2,067 2,287 2,059 1,983 1,797 1,614 1,620 1,725 1,803 1,795 1,777 1,683 1,777 1,677 1,659 1,801 1,978 2,206 2,622 2,625 2,571 2,353 2,184 2,064 1,926 1,816 2,007 2,116 2,241 2,352 2,304 2,275 2,243 2,131 1,965 1,979 2,173 2,326 2,589 2,616 2,695 2,868 2,995 2,936 2,818 2,628 2,661 2,529 2,467 2,429 2,380 2,243 2,229 2,117
b Includes aluminium hydroxide.

c Country details confidential.
Mar–04 Jun–04 Sep–04 Dec–04 Mar–05 Jun–05 Sep–05 Dec–05 Mar–06 Jun–06 Sep–06 Dec–06 Mar–07 Jun–07 Sep–07 Dec–07 Mar–08 Jun–08 Sep–08 Dec–08 Mar–09 Jun–09 Sep–09 Dec–09 Mar–10 Jun–10 Sep–10 Dec–10 Mar–11 Jun–11 Sep–11 Dec–11 Mar–12 Jun–12 Sep–12 Dec–12 Mar–13 Jun–13 Sep–13 Dec–13 Mar–14 Jun–14 Sep–14 Dec–14 Mar–15 Jun–15 Sep–15 Dec–15 Mar–16 Jun–16 Sep–16 Dec–16
2,931 3,309 3,202 3,377 3,475 3,716 3,815 4,598 3,890 3,855 4,085 4,487 4,272 4,125 4,095 4,285 4,215 4,218 4,095 4,285 4,085 3,929 3,949 4,942 4,550 4,266 4,962 4,813 4,668 5,061 5,403 5,600 4,974 5,586 6,179 6,518 5,783 6,800 6,971 6,787 6,116 6,363 6,844 6,944 6,704 6,941 7,119 6,899 6,524 7,560 7,642 7,700
9,743 9,143 9,629 9,431 9,798 9,212 9,653 9,833 9,583 10,215 10,738 10,290 9,925 10,409 10,211 10,415 10,363 10,409 10,211 10,415 10,111 10,627 10,642 10,870 10,733 10,655 10,801 10,864 10,098 10,578 10,745 10,833 11,008 11,183 11,358 11,533 11,235 11,608 11,796 12,110 11,265 11,390 11,234 11,948 11,188 11,632 11,351 11,578 11,300 10,800 11,100 11,800
1,449 1,461 1,476 1,443 1,470 1,419 1,380 1,590 1,163 1,300 1,162 1,012 1,091 1,087 1,119 1,363 1,327 1,442 1,447 1,609 1,482 1,757 1,846 1,928 1,809 1,620 1,741 1,771 1,665 1,805 1,860 1,916 1,862 1,927 2,086 2,068 1,918 1,857 1,983 2,271 1,804 1,426 1,725 1,574 1,710 1,863 1,966 1,959 2,214 2,186 2,521 2,169
14,123 13,913 14,306 14,251 14,743 14,347 14,848 16,021 14,636 15,370 15,986 15,789 15,288 15,621 15,426 16,063 15,905 16,069 15,754 16,310 15,678 16,313 16,437 17,740 17,092 16,541 17,504 17,448 16,431 17,445 18,008 18,349 17,844 18,696 19,623 20,119 18,936 20,264 20,750 21,169 19,185 19,179 19,803 20,466 19,602 20,436 20,436 20,436 20,039 20,545 21,263 21,669
5,097 5,139 5,226 5,246 5,421 5,358 5,520 6,103 5,437 5,669 5,873 5,893 5,703 5,756 5,698 5,977 5,910 5,821 5,865 6,105 5,850 6,049 6,085 6,571 6,446 6,181 6,663 6,567 6,257 6,552 6,935 7,089 6,774 7,191 7,643 7,869 7,309 7,940 8,150 8,282 7,443 7,426 7,792 7,976 7,695 8,027 8,095 8,036 7,879 8,288 8,584 8,641
4,166 4,174 4,132 4,228 4,339 4,461 4,433 4,470 4,432 4,492 4,588 4,800 4,447 4,671 4,802 4,924 4,792 4,841 4,813 5,000 4,810 4,974 5,038 5,118 4,951 4,950 5,061 4,843 4,471 4,666 4,726 4,864 4,866 4,828 5,530 5,690 5,100 5,323 5,380 5,725 5,429 5,019 4,886 5,161 4,898 4,950 5,118 5,131 5,146 5,155 5,149 5,231
468 473 478 476 461 475 485 482 469 476 491 493 483 489 493 494 486 491 498 499 485 492 482 484 472 480 488 488 476 486 490 493 480 475 454 451 437 442 450 449 430 443 419 411 403 413 416 414 408 412 417 398
1,679 1,707 1,218 1,265 1,252 1,165 1,401 1,524 1,253 1,462 1,363 1,433 1,329 1,575 2,191 2,061 2,005 1,660 2,822 2,174 1,157 1,317 1,616 2,284 1,908 2,215 2,055 1,772 2,105 2,663 2,724 2,803 2,313 2,678 2,769 2,594 2,960 4,244 4,368 4,096 2,669 4,013 4,945 5,236 4,785 5,238 5,308 4,950 5,244 5,469 6,505 6,030
3,226 3,459 3,362 3,655 3,334 3,722 3,470 3,832 3,575 3,622 3,698 4,091 3,546 3,720 3,894 4,103 3,835 3,907 3,771 4,396 4,056 4,172 4,074 4,314 3,972 4,293 4,264 4,141 3,728 4,094 4,054 4,103 4,327 4,108 4,660 5,176 4,401 4,677 4,474 4,940 4,780 4,419 4,230 4,546 4,068 4,519 4,327 4,570 4,410 4,370 4,528 4,557
49 56 47 50 27 45 42 45 48 51 43 41 30 38 49 53 47 46 52 36 27 49 52 48 44 48 53 51 51 55 41 55 37 35 51 60 52 58 49 53 46 53 32 62 41 47 35 28 32 39 36 26
13 16 14 14 20 19 24 25 24 20 19 20 18 21 20 19 24 22 26 19 9 22 30 30 23 19 20 20 34 29 31 33 36 37 28 30 27 34 29 27 17 14 13 14 11 12 13 10 10 8 17 17
145 132 135 140 126 150 154 151 110 128 186 154 157 136 159 139 166 144 173 163 85 58 90 140 139 180 163 153 128 125 153 163 134 137 131 155 94 100 143 112 105 148 112 144 151 148 72 67 77 88 106 121
49 41 51 47 43 65 53 61 62 64 55 52 53 53 65 72 52 42 59 77 131 103 91 84 69 88 87 100 87 78 77 64 61 62 63 84 93 87 79 75 64 94 70 71 78 69 104 152 148 103 112 95
20 17 19 18 16 20 22 23 21 21 18 22 25 27 24 29 26 22 25 38 51 30 32 26 18 23 26 19 18 16 22 16 19 24 18 16 14 17 19 17 16 16 14 10 11 23 21 24 13 6 5 14
32 34 38 30 46 48 46 46 52 48 45 52 51 51 55 53 52 61 55 49 43 37 38 47 42 35 37 30 30 33 40 32 30 42 42 34 44 52 37 35 28 36 30 28 22 26 29 28 28 34 32 28
390 381 384 378 338 412 411 423 382 400 434 402 404 398 439 412 415 385 437 442 432 438 386 419 374 445 445 428 421 392 429 439 422 403 399 425 359 385 410 387 356 423 317 368 359 388 364 389 353 336 362 373
27 32 34 33 25 26 21 21 24 24 22 27 31 28 59 53 57 37 74 58 33 27 30 45 44 60 57 44 59 70 74 83 63 76 79 73 87 143 156 155 92 144 191 240 239 265 274 258 224 235 266 258
887 1,048 1,056 1,119 1,013 1,196 1,135 1,304 1,329 1,494 1,550 1,710 1,484 1,499 1,530 1,461 1,346 1,471 1,552 2,013 1,349 1,102 1,103 1,204 1,242 1,420 1,296 1,275 1,251 1,397 1,366 1,306 1,243 1,231 1,254 1,424 1,288 1,376 1,377 1,480 1,503 1,351 1,338 1,665 1,599 1,750 1,691 1,598 1,294 1,412 1,405 1,553
840 919 958 908 842 1,017 1,003 1,162 1,226 1,397 1,457 1,384 1,449 1,360 1,390 1,166 1,209 1,202 1,439 1,393 1,004 888 843 936 937 1,121 1,059 1,046 1,076 998 1,043 983 908 862 792 897 777 810 905 836 784 954 798 1,007 993 1,025 868 854 775 743 803 866
6 1 1 2 5 2 2 3 2 5 1 1 2 5 2 2 2 3 5 5 3 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 4 3 3 3 2 3 4 4 2 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3
2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 4 2 2 2 1 2 4 5 3 4 7 8 11 12 13 12 13 15 19 13 15 14 14 12 14 16 13 12
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 3 4 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
3 2 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 2 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 6 3 3 5 3 4 5 4 6 3 3 4
4 3 5 5 2 4 4 4 7 5 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 6 8 8 5 4 4 4 5 10 12 7 9 16 19 24 27 32 27 30 36 47 35 45 41 41 31 35 38 33 31
275 303 314 306 304 321 327 340 372 412 419 418 418 403 393 356 351 377 412 458 332 264 271 279 313 331 304 308 335 341 337 318 287 300 269 275 293 294 308 300 315 306 316 366 393 387 391 350 293 323 310 341
1,649 1,678 1,709 1,828 1,901 1,790 1,830 2,072 2,420 2,652 2,482 2,719 2,800 2,761 2,552 2,448 2,729 2,941 2,792 1,830 1,360 1,488 1,806 2,001 2,165 2,092 2,089 2,343 2,503 2,600 2,399 2,090 2,177 1,978 1,918 1,997 2,003 1,835 1,781 1,769 1,708 1,798 1,987 1,966 1,800 1,765 1,591 1,495 1,516 1,572 1,620 1,710
2,152 2,410 2,497 2,402 2,488 2,469 2,440 2,746 3,208 3,490 3,358 3,446 3,586 3,416 3,169 2,833 2,914 3,124 3,291 3,155 2,327 2,027 2,183 2,237 2,504 2,520 2,378 2,443 2,556 2,547 2,433 2,237 2,151 2,141 1,984 2,109 2,167 2,102 2,206 2,163 2,202 2,254 2,518 2,735 2,765 2,642 2,384 2,197 2,195 2,214 2,215 2,319
24(1) Coal
unit 2015–16 2016–17 Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91
Production
Mine
Black coal, raw
Underground s Mt 122 105 14 16 16 15 14 16
Open cut s Mt 446 462 33 34 38 35 32 38
New South Wales Mt 247 253 23 23 25 24 22 26

Queensland s Mt 311 305 22 25 27 24 22 27
Western Australia s Mt 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1
South Australia s Mt 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Tasmania s Mt 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Australia Mt 567 567 47 50 54 50 46 55
Black coal, saleable

Underground s Mt 89 87 12 14 14 13 12 15
Open cut s Mt 351 356 27 26 30 28 25 30
New South Wales Mt 191 198 19 19 20 20 18 22
Queensland s Mt 240 237 18 19 21 19 17 21
Western Australia s Mt 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1
South Australia s Mt 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Tasmania s Mt 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Australia Mt 440 443 39 39 44 41 37 45
Exports
Quantity
Metallurgical coal, high quality
Brazil Mt 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
China Mt 26 29 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chinese Taipei Mt 5 5 0 0 1 0 1 1
European Union 27 Mt 18 17 3 3 2 2 3 3
India Mt 33 29 0 0 0 0 0 0
Japan Mt 20 18 4 4 4 4 4 5
South Korea Mt 7 8 1 1 0 1 1 1
Total Mt 119 114 11 11 10 10 11 12
Metallurgical coal, other b

European Union 27 Mt 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
India Mt 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0
Japan Mt 22 21 3 4 3 3 4 4
Total Mt 69 63 4 5 4 4 5 5
Total metallurgical coal Mt 188 177 15 16 14 14 16 18
Thermal coal
Chinese Taipei Mt 21 26 1 1 1 1 1 1
China Mt 30 42 0 0 0 0 0 0
Japan Mt 82 82 7 5 7 6 8 6
South Korea Mt 39 28 1 1 1 1 1 1
Total Mt 201 202 11 11 13 12 14 13
Other coal c Mt 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
continued over page

24(2) Coal continued
Exports (continued)
Value
Metallurgical coal
High quality $m 13,265 25,515 669 724 614 657 713 813
Other quality $m 6,525 9,848 233 265 221 216 302 291
Total metallurgical coal $m 19,790 35,363 902 989 836 873 1,015 1,104
Thermal coal $m 14,751 18,903 556 553 630 602 675 634
Other coal $m 39 32 6 5 3 2 3 3
Total coal $m 34,580 54,298 1,464 1,547 1,469 1,477 1,693 1,741
Coke $m 0 0 12 24 15 22 24 37
Prices d
Metallurgical coal
High quality A$/t 111 223 63 64 62 64 65 65
Other quality A$/t 95 157 56 57 55 57 57 56
Thermal coal A$/t 73 94 49 50 48 50 50 49
b Country details confidential for various time periods for Brazil, Chinese Taipei, North Korea, Italy, Pakistan and South Korea–commencing from October 1996.
c Quantity details for coke not available.
d Average export unit value.
25 Copper
Production
Mine s
Copper ore and concentrates b kt 3,722 3,511 na na na na 252 257
Copper content of all minerals produced

New South Wales c kt 209 198 6 9 9 8 8 9
Queensland c kt 272 249 47 52 61 49 48 48
Western Australia c kt 194 176 2 4 5 3 2 2
South Australia kt 313 292 9 10 11 13 12 13
Tasmania kt 3 2 5 6 6 6 6 6
Australia c kt 990 916 71 85 93 80 75 78
Smelter and refinery s

Blister (primary) d kt 475 419 56 61 60 57 56 67
Refined (primary) kt 514 448 63 66 64 62 50 66
Exports
Quantity
Copper ore and concentrates b
China e kt 902 822 0 0 0 7 0 13
India kt 243 254 0 0 0 0 0 0
Japan kt 371 347 34 51 75 49 35 56
South Korea kt 119 95 0 0 0 0 8 0
Philippines kt 79 136 11 0 0 0 0 0
Total kt 1,870 1,754 47 53 76 57 43 69
Refined copper
China e kt 291 171 0 0 0 0 1 0
Chinese Taipei kt 41 55 1 0 0 0 0 1
Germany kt 0 0 9 6 9 10 5 9
Indonesia kt 17 7 0 0 0 0 2 1
Japan kt 1 2 12 13 8 12 16 15
South Korea kt 5 11 0 1 1 2 6 4
Malaysia kt 88 109 0 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore kt 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
Thailand kt 40 26 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vietnam kt 23 26 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total kt 507 413 42 35 33 42 40 47
Copper content of all primary materials exported g kt 1,050 921 57 58 57 59 52 68
Value
Copper ore and concentrates $m 4,664 4,548 70 54 70 48 33 55
Refined copper $m 3,446 2,992 137 125 115 146 130 153
Total $m 8,110 7,540 207 179 185 194 163 208
Prices h
LME cash US$/t 4,884 5,389 2,449 2,672 2,915 2,605 2,443 2,334
Australia A$/t 6,714 7,143 na na na na na na
b Gross weight.
c Includes copper cathode and copper precipitate.
d Copper content.
e Excludes Hong Kong.
26 Diamonds and other gemstones
Production
Diamonds
Northern Territory '000 ct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Western Australia '000 ct 13,762 13,310 8,214 9,810 7,835 8,803 6,793 7,320
Australia '000 ct 13,762 13,310 8,214 9,810 7,835 8,803 6,793 7,320
Exports
Quantity
Diamonds
Unsorted s '000 ct 13,848 13,261 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sorted gem '000 ct 102 57 255 157 180 318 943 226
Sorted industrial b '000 ct 0 0 10 21 16 65 31 14
Total s '000 ct 13,950 13,317 265 179 196 383 974 239
Value
Diamonds
Unsorted s $m 361 267 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sorted gem $m 298 311 23 26 20 31 40 46
Sorted industrial b $m 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total s $m 660 579 23 26 20 31 40 46
Opals
Rough $m 12 11 2 2 5 4 10 2
Cut and polished $m 47 49 18 18 21 15 17 15
Total $m 59 60 20 20 26 19 27 17
Sapphires
Rough
$m 12 11 3 4 2 3 1 3
Total $m 12 11 4 6 4 4 2 3
Other gemstones c $m 23 22 3 3 6 4 4 4
Total gemstones $m 93 92 27 29 36 27 33 24
Imports
Quantity
Diamonds
Unsorted s '000 ct 0 0 2 3 1 14 3 1
Sorted gem '000 ct 257 262 49 40 29 34 48 69
Sorted industrial b '000 ct 1 3 395 366 437 344 277 366
Dust and powder '000 ct 110 1,092 151 258 231 183 183 206
Value
Diamonds
Unsorted s $m 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 1
Sorted gem $m 571 575 35 26 23 23 47 29
Sorted industrial b $m 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 3
Dust and powder $m 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
Total $m 571 576 38 29 26 26 50 33
b Excludes dust, powder and unsorted diamonds.

c Includes cut and polished sapphires from 1 July 2000.
s estimate.
27 Gold
Production
Mine s
Gold content of all minerals produced
New South Wales t 34.9 32.1 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.9
Victoria t 7.4 9.3 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1
Queensland t 19.5 20.2 7.4 7.7 7.2 7.3 5.8 6.9
Western Australia t 191.4 198.3 41.5 43.4 43.8 52.1 43.3 43.2
South Australia
t 11.5 8.9 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
Tasmania t 1.0 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Northern Territory t 17.4 14.5 4.7 4.7 4.6 5.1 3.9 4.3
Australia t 283.1 284.5 57.1 59.4 59.2 68.4 56.1 58.1
Refinery
Primary
Australian origin t 220.3 212.8 54.8 59.2 56.2 64.7 51.0 59.0
Overseas origin t 67.6 64.1 2.5 1.9 1.7 5.5 5.6 8.3
Secondary
Australian origin t 0.6 2.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.5 0.5 0.5
Overseas origin t 37.6 57.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1
Total t 326.1 337.1 57.8 61.6 58.3 71.8 57.3 67.9
Exports
Quantity
Refined and unrefined bullion
China t 131.2 43.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong, China t 47.0 179.3 2.6 6.3 1.1 6.7 6.4 11.8
India t 13.7 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singapore t 23.3 5.7 13.6 14.5 16.4 9.5 26.4 15.0
Thailand t 5.1 10.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom t 75.1 71.0 6.3 0.8 1.3 4.1 3.9 0.0
Total t 306.5 333.9 54.8 53.7 50.9 78.9 73.5 52.2
Value
Refined $m 15,687 18,013 824 727 736 1,138 1,024 760
Imports
Value
Refined and unrefined bullion $m 5,104 5,668 98 73 97 157 166 199
Prices
LBMA gold price PM US$/oz 1,167 1,257 407 367 382 381 371 361
Australia A$/oz 1,602 1,720 533 479 474 489 476 467
s estimate.
28
28 Iron ore and steel
unit 2015–16 2016–17 32933

Production
Iron ore b
Western Austr kt 824184.045 863140.414 MN159 26191
South Austral kt 9022.31173 7300.39467 MN157 684
Tasmania kt 2755.30282 2003.14559 MN158 576.077
Northern Terri kt 0 0 MN156 0
Australia kt 835961.66 872443.954 MN155 27451.077
Iron content kt 517273.03 540175.579 MN226 17067.379
Steel c kt 5003.389 5345.3 MN152 na
Exports
Quantity
Iron ore b
Pellets, sinte kt 2504.632 2034.5 AB10280 339.45
Fines kt 614674.247 631980.353 AB10221 11592.599
Lump and run kt 168664.362 184206.716 AB10218 9058.594
Iron ore b
China d kt 642559.21 675765.833 AB10214 1265.243
Japan kt 73361.458 69027.8121 AB10216 10221.84
South Korea kt 50327.451 51847.7622 AB10210 1056.625
Total iron ore kt 785843.241 818221.569 AB13688 20990.643
Iron content kt 486261.229 506605.496 AB10215 13187.0029
Steel
Crude steel kt 766.551788 998.404638 AB11589 313.151
Scrap kt 1579.88303 1742.16926 AB10279 246.607
Value
Iron ore b
Pellets, sinte $m 198.391414 229.97515 AB10207 12.351412
Fines $m 35403.4797 45908.9456 AB10220 214.635817
Lump and run $m 12197.0028 16550.1038 AB10219 230.047955
Total $m 47798.8739 62689.0245 AB10209 457.035184
Steel
Crude steel $m 597.698083 874.553163 AB11595 150.236137
Scrap $m 548.027651 675.225279 AB10278 40.090528
Total $m 1145.72573 1549.77844 AB14687 210.08797
Imports
Quantity
Iron ore e kt 2131.42907 389.039951 AB10208 677.945
Steel cs kt 2323.86714 2107.61511 AB10025 176.414
Ferroalloys kt 32.193893 33.583116 AB10026 9.009
Value
Iron ore e $m 72.3854769 30.9471827 AB10211 13.679721
Steel c $m 3142.14014 2447.89781 AB10027 194.360693
Ferroalloys $m 67.0015591 67.0422625 AB10028 9.806285
Total $m 3281.52717 2545.88726 AB14499 217.846699
Prices
Iron ore fines US$/t 46.6781621 63.4656808 MN3195 na
Page 43
28
Iron ore fines A$/t 63.601521 82.0289219 MN5178 na
Page 44
28
33025 33117 33208 33298 33390
26156 27206.859 26416.798 26228.833 27820.362

579 594 560 488 576
598.726 563.143 381.875 352.413 226.18
0 0 0 0 0
27333.726 28364.002 27358.673 27069.246 28622.542
16998.527 17635.7126 17000.9441 16817.6601 17776.1483
na na na na na
428.164 471.721 370.862 259.266 33.613

15031.902 15638.139 14094.816 14569.589 18190.338
9415.913 10305.538 9180.734 10987.929 9945.482
1468.292 1292.476 1042.71 1827.264 3929.944

13028.848 15364.492 12467.517 13868.62 14011.347
1277.211 1247.998 1192.589 2894.88 2565.943
24875.979 26415.398 23646.412 25816.784 28169.433
15576.6735 16553.9175 14813.7923 16203.3113 17583.1902
479.715 495.991 451.139 376.524 494.806

325.224 417.825 311.238 350.093 398.367
15.83198 18.090845 14.382884 10.1923 1.298745

311.765305 312.162711 293.239135 308.734257 389.610476
269.601955 293.48659 273.709361 327.392577 320.095473
597.19924 623.740146 581.33138 646.319134 711.004694
221.10482 209.494211 210.025309 205.652905 243.657196

54.751332 70.257644 50.655651 51.32691 58.080149
289.904197 293.302997 277.997556 271.872864 317.426967
645.749 691.549 743.61 527.72 730.616

185.41 143.563 192.823 267.025 238.181
7.941 6.914 7.509 9.698 7.176
14.896413 14.834956 17.492538 12.011161 12.56234

199.885633 183.329549 182.017087 224.6943 220.91095
9.914541 6.937551 7.34252 8.834848 8.246275
224.696587 205.102056 206.852145 245.540309 241.719565
na na na na na
Page 45
28
na na na na na
Page 46
29 Lead
Production
Mine s
Lead ore and concentrates kt 759 736 na na na na na na
Lead content of all minerals produced

New South Wales kt 86 80 59 57 64 62 60 53
Queensland kt 370 318 49 53 76 52 56 56
Western Australia kt 8 8 5 3 2 3 0 3
South Australia kt 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 12
Tasmania kt 26 32 19 13 15 16 16 14
Northern Territory kt 52 32 3 4 4 5 5 6
Australia kt 542 469 136 131 161 151 138 145

Refined lead (primary) b kt 191 172 39 56 57 57 40 58
Domestic despatches
Refined lead kt 15 14 14 16 15 13 12 15
Exports
Quantity
Lead concentrate
China kt 137 4 0 0 5 0 0 0
European Union 27 kt 17 9 12 5 19 15 18 21
Japan kt 66 53 7 20 19 15 4 26
South Korea kt 122 94 5 0 0 0 0 0
Total kt 342 182 28 31 42 29 22 47

Lead bullion c
United Kingdom kt 166 145 53 37 34 48 20 34
Total kt 166 145 53 42 41 55 27 42
Refined lead
India kt 46 42 6 11 2 10 1 2
South Korea kt 33 14 1 2 4 4 4 3
Malaysia kt 30 18 1 3 1 2 2 3
South Africa kt 7 8 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thailand kt 30 39 1 3 1 2 2 3
Vietnam kt 28 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total kt 241 243 24 36 28 38 28 31
Lead content of all primary materials exported ds kt 713 579 97 97 92 112 70 105
Value
Lead concentrate $m 724 549 18 16 22 12 13 16
Lead bullion $m 486 557 70 49 43 44 39 36
Refined lead $m 562 681 33 55 40 60 37 29
Total $m 1,773 1,787 121 120 105 116 89 81
Prices
LME cash e US$/t 1,715 2,116 514 498 463 358 315 568
b Includes lead content of lead alloys from primary sources.

c Includes a substantial precious metal content, mainly silver.
d Lead content of all ores, concentrates, slags, residues, bullion, and refined lead.
e Based on LME cash, midday, standard grade, minimum 25 tonne warrants.
30 Nickel
Production bs
Mine
Nickel content
Tasmania kt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Australia kt 216 201 15 18 18 17 16 18

Intermediate nickel kt 44 37 na na na na na na
Refined nickel, class 1 c kt 128 112 6 6 7 7 6 6
Refined nickel, class 2 d kt 14 0 5 5 6 6 5 6
Exports
Quantity
Ores and concentrates e kt 339 147 0 0 0 0 0 0
Refined and intermediate fs kt 185 148 na na na na na na
Total nickel metallic content fgs kt 250 175 17 18 18 20 18 22
Value
Ores and concentrates $m 570 243 0 0 0 0 0 0
Refined and intermediate fs $m 2,365 1,956 155 160 170 170 150 200
Total fs $m 2,935 2,199 155 160 170 170 150 200
Imports
Value
Primary nickel products h $m 174 77 7 8 8 8 6 11
Prices
LME cash i
US$/t 9,331 10,145 7,804 8,689 10,397 8,690 8,648 8,589
LME cash i
A$/t 12,838 13,465 na na na na na na
b Details of production of nickel metal, matte, oxide, sinter and nickel–cobalt sulphide are not available.
c Products with a nickel content of 99 per cent or more. Includes electrolytic nickel, pellets, briquettes and powder.
d Products with a nickel content of less than 99 per cent. Includes ferronickel, nickel oxides and oxide sinter.
e Gross weight
f For refined and intermediate nickel exports, the methodology changes in September 2015. Prior to September 2015, data is based on a company survey. From September 2015 onwards, the data is b
g Includes metal content of ores and concentrates, intermediate products and nickel metal.
31(1) Petroleum
Production
Field
Crude oil ML 11,583 8,765 7,964 7,523 7,445 7,239 7,393 6,583
Condensate ML 6,813 7,635 778 843 882 813 742 858
Total ML 18,395 16,400 8,741 8,366 8,327 8,052 8,135 7,441
LPG ML 3,060 3,011 816 988 1,054 795 823 875
Natural gas
Methane Mcm 61,121 70,531 na na na na na na
Ethane Mcm 342 373 na na na na na na
Coal seam gas Mcm 26,737 34,358 na na na na na na
Total f Mcm 88,200 105,261 na na na na na na
Refinery
Refinery input ML 26,628 26,435 9,176 9,387 8,760 9,418 9,773 9,210
Refinery output
LPG ML 539 518 184 176 190 222 220 220
Automotive gasoline ML 11,641 11,115 4,018 4,276 4,005 4,140 4,237 4,072
Aviation gasoline ML 64 50 55 64 48 48 35 47
Aviation turbine fuel ML 3,413 3,550 875 847 789 958 902 815
Diesel fuel c ML 8,933 8,710 2,731 2,605 2,462 2,574 2,756 2,492
Fuel oil (excl. refinery fuel) ML 529 660 663 598 550 681 710 682
Other products ML 458 446 99 89 112 106 140 105
Total ML 25,655 24,889 9,045 9,336 8,727 9,265 9,541 9,138
continued over page

Imports d
Quantity
Crude oil and other refinery feedstock

Indonesia ML 3,139 1,877 335 116 470 415 735 971
Malaysia ML 6,106 6,791 98 80 155 247 212 269
Middle East
Saudi Arabia ML 0 0 780 850 643 1,085 1,263 1,344
United Arab Emirates ML 3,415 3,252 598 1,060 443 663 564 525
Total Middle East ML 3,499 3,300 1,619 2,386 1,435 2,075 2,004 1,869
New Zealand ML 1,904 1,412 220 267 226 270 282 267
Papua New Guinea ML 1,055 1,366 0 0 0 0 0 0
Singapore ML 4 24 52 93 101 112 234 96
Vietnam ML 974 654 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total ML 19,850 20,355 2,597 3,270 2,634 3,381 3,574 3,799
Natural gas kt 5,286 4,821 0 0 0 0 0 0
Refined products
LPG ML 918 1,003 6 29 14 14 0 8
Automotive gasoline ML 6,641 6,952 514 158 307 237 104 68
Aviation turbine fuel ML 5,591 5,859 19 45 38 29 21 16
Diesel fuel c ML 17,768 18,519 131 184 122 179 114 47
Fuel oil ML 333 287 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lubricants ML 448 476 10 16 6 6 5 6
Other products ML 2,709 2,664 129 185 115 139 120 105
Total ML 34,408 35,760 809 617 601 603 365 250
Value
Crude oil and other refinery feedstock $m 7,908 8,775 379 437 345 822 715 526
Natural gas $m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Refined products
LPG $m 217 282 1 3 2 3 0 1
Automotive gasoline $m 3,687 3,884 97 31 64 78 32 16
Aviation turbine fuel $m 2,645 2,991 4 9 9 10 7 3
Diesel fuel c $m 8,753 9,500 26 34 23 58 38 11
Fuel oil $m 174 111 29 26 33 18 41 42
Lubricants $m 765 764 10 12 10 8 9 10
Other products $m 630 600 60 64 47 66 48 40
Total $m 16,871 18,134 227 180 186 243 175 123
Total $m 24,779 26,909 606 618 531 1,064 890 649
Prices
Dubai US$/bbl 41 48 17 14 23 28 16 16
West Texas Intermediate US$/bbl 42 48 22 18 26 32 22 21
Brent US$/bbl 43 50 20 16 26 33 21 19
Tapis US$/bbl 45 51 na na na na na na
a Includes reexports
b Estimate
c Includes automotive diesel oil and industrial and marine diesel fuel.
32 Phosphate
Imports
Quantity
Phosphate rock
China kt 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morocco kt 66 108 84 30 51 0 42 0
Nauru kt 85 34 179 260 142 58 25 0
Total kt 521 407 413 341 217 121 121 17

Phosphates
Diammonium b kt 199 135 52 206 33 50 114 151

Monammonium c kt 943 951 57 73 26 21 41 52
High analysis d kt 344 245 57 32 38 43 34 42
Value
Phosphate rock $m 87 53 27 24 14 8 7 1
Phosphates
Diammonium b $m 103 62 11 42 7 11 26 35
Monammonium c $m 501 405 11 15 6 5 9 12
High analysis d $m 81 59 9 5 6 7 7 8
Prices
Australia e A$/t 177 129 66 71 64 64 58 53
b P2O5 equivalent: 46 per cent.

c P2O5 equivalent: 50 per cent.
d P2O5 equivalent: 48 per cent.
33 Silver
Production
Mine s
Silver content of all minerals produced
New South Wales t 175 149 86 86 82 80 99 59
Queensland t 1,055 849 130 129 185 128 137 147
Western Australia t 119 92 6 11 10 10 1 4
South Australia t 63 62 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tasmania t 72 92 48 31 33 33 41 35
Northern Territory t 53 38 0 0 0 0 0 0
Australia t 1,537 1,281 270 257 310 251 278 245
Refinery
Refined silver t 1,289 1,000 71 125 97 118 86 108
Exports
Quantity
Refined silver bullion t 132 326 2 4 4 5 4 22
Value
Refined silver b $m 140 246 10 14 9 10 7 12
Imports
Value
Refined silver bullion $m 485 267 3 1 1 3 2 3
Prices
World c US$/oz 61 72 na na na na na na
Australia d
A$/kg 1,524 1,811 225 217 201 180 169 181
b Includes refined bullion, powder, unwrought silver and semi-manufactured forms.

c London Bullion Market Association, fixed rate.
d Nyrstar, fob/fot Port Pirie.
34 Tin
Production
Mine
Tin content of all minerals produced
Western Australia s t 320 320 23 34 58 44 48 53
Tasmania t 6,363 6,972 1,731 2,182 1,844 1,428 1,081 1,034
Australia s t 6,683 7,292 1,770 2,252 1,936 1,509 1,163 1,113
Exports
Quantity
Tin concentrate t 15,953 12,558 4,216 3,870 4,319 2,547 2,228 1,204
Tin content of primary materials exported bs t 9,470 6,932 2,109 1,977 1,447 654 1,207 824
Value
Tin concentrate $m 124 157 16 14 14 9 8 5
Total $m 124 158 16 14 15 9 9 5
Imports
Quantity
Refined tin t 402 222 259 320 295 209 95 173
Value
Refined tin $m 9 6 2 1 2 2 1 1
Prices
LME c US$/t 15,695 19,876 6,448 6,376 5,955 6,020 5,575 5,657
b Tin content of tin ores and concentrates and refined tin.

c LME official close.
35 Uranium
Production
Mine s
Uranium oxide (U3O8) t 7,623 7,295 807 1,114 1,252 978 955 1,183
Uranium (U content)
South Australia t 4,636 4,223 171 205 338 350 246 302
Northern Territory t 1,828 1,963 513 739 723 479 563 701
Australia t 6,464 6,186 684 945 1,062 829 810 1,003
Exports s
Quantity
Uranium oxide (U3O8) s t 8,417 7,081 1,008 2,205 804 3,424 599 1,302
Value
Uranium oxide (U3O8) s $m 940 596 61 124 43 156 41 91
Prices
Uranium oxide (U3O8) s
Industry spot b US$/lb 33 22 9 10 11 9 9 9

Australia cs A$/kg 112 84 61 56 54 46 69 70
b Cameco Corporation.
c Average export unit value.
36 Zinc
Production
Mine s
Zinc ore and concentrates kt 2,647 1,970 395 406 474 452 440 470
Zinc content of all minerals produced

New South Wales kt 141 135 93 97 94 98 102 85
Queensland kt 644 359 60 64 94 70 72 70
South Australia
kt 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 3
Tasmania kt 89 86 45 35 39 45 49 44
Northern Territory kt 222 189 8 11 11 11 12 11
Australia kt 1,197 843 218 220 249 248 235 244

Refined zinc (primary) kt 459 466 75 72 82 75 79 84
Domestic despatches
Refined zinc kt 43 47 20 16 18 17 17 18
Exports
Quantity
Zinc concentrates
Belgium–Luxembourg kt 0 10 21 19 31 51 21 62
China kt 1,002 568 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germany kt 100 54 49 20 23 49 26 55
India kt 0 0 9 0 0 20 0 0
Japan kt 233 174 127 118 137 178 102 198
South Korea
kt 593 493 57 72 58 72 63 55
Netherlands kt 83 0 17 13 5 16 0 8
Spain kt 96 131 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thailand kt 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total kt 2,222 1,479 305 283 268 399 239 390
Refined zinc
China kt 238 113 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chinese Taipei kt 51 66 4 3 6 7 6 5
Hong Kong, China kt 23 24 0 1 0 0 1 1
India kt 8 6 3 1 4 5 5 2
Indonesia kt 26 25 4 7 5 7 9 7
Malaysia kt 20 16 2 2 3 3 1 1
United States kt 70 48 9 8 13 2 6 2
Total kt 497 372 38 35 47 41 42 30
Zinc content of all primary materials exported bs kt 1,507 1,008 189 178 186 238 161 229
Value
Zinc concentrates $m 1,397 1,436 174 213 174 209 116 152
Refined zinc $m 1,231 1,252 73 78 97 73 69 46
Total $m 2,628 2,688 247 291 271 281 185 198
Prices
LME cash c US$/t 1,764 2,537 1,454 1,727 1,600 1,303 1,199 1,138
b Zinc content of all ores, concentrates, slags, residues, intermediate products, refined zinc, zinc powders, flakes and dust.
c LME cash, midday, registered brands, minimum 98 per cent, 25 tonne warrants.
s estimate.

December 2017 Historic Data

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Contents

1 Annual volume of commodity exports, Australia

unit 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96

Clays a t 143,190 160,885 149,433 164,618 171,570 152,193 178,802

Diamonds s '000 ct 1,216 1,792 951 766 3,307 621 72

Dimension stone t 1,665 3,393 11,672 8,721 10,007 14,605 17,372

Gold e t 192 255 279 276 299 284 334

Iron ore df Mt 99 104 107 108 114 129 126

Limestone t 15 65 258 1,729 18,893 463 133,080

Silica kt 2,226 2,398 2,547 2,488 2,600 3,007 3,227

Silver refined t 21 35 198 222 220 186 236

Steel g kt 1,430 1,864 2,393 2,410 2,984 2,945 3,194

Talc t 200,870 137,260 152,009 119,830 152,297 133,060 182,600

Tin e t 8,228 4,132 6,653 7,408 7,531 7,902 9,008

a Excludes activated clays

$m 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96

Gold b 2,846 3,657 4,003 4,302 5,260 4,690 5,531

Iron ore k 2,187 2,562 2,850 2,895 2,777 2,774 2,865

Steel l 717 930 1,090 1,147 1,402 1,491 1,656

Other minerals 1,664 2,211 2,364 2,435 2,453 2,692 2,886

Total resources 15,851 17,569 17,510 18,347 19,187 19,676 22,066

continued over page

$m 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96

Metallurgical coal 3,678 3,827 4,005 4,546 4,331 4,098 4,745

Thermal coal 2,170 2,542 2,843 2,992 2,844 2,790 3,030

Uranium (U3O8) s 315 332 245 123 193 188 242

Other energy j 85 112 97 85 79 50 65

Total energy 8,731 11,031 11,118 12,229 11,315 11,436 12,837

a Excludes activated clays

Annual indexes 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96

Resources 49.1 47.1 43.7 45.0 43.0 45.1 47.3

Energy 36.2 40.4 37.5 39.8 36.3 34.2 36.8

a In Australian dollars. Base: 2017–18 = 100.

$m 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96

Resources and energy

Diamonds 125 135 116 125 106 113 123

Phosphates 120 139 165 181 195 266 358

Steel f 949 811 752 850 926 1,138 1,273

Other 1,220 983 861 1,021 1,080 1,358 1,348

b Includes condensate and other refinery feedstock.

unit 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96

Uranium (U3O8) t 4,089 4,367 4,329 2,686 2,733 2,622 5,088

Metalliferous minerals and metals

Iron ore f Mt 110 111 115 116 124 137 95

unit 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96

Uranium (U3O8) f US$/lb 9 10 8 10 10 10 14

Minerals and metals g

a Australia to Japan (fob), Japanese fiscal year (April to March)

Uranium (U3 O8)

Iron and steel

continued over page

unit 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

b 1 million litres (1 megalitre) a year equals about 17.2 barrels a day.

$m 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96

% share of Gross Domestic Product

$m Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91 Sep–91

’000 people 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94 1994–95 1995–96

$m Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91 Sep–91

$m Mar–90 Jun–90 Sep–90 Dec–90 Mar–91 Jun–91 Sep–91

Mining, by type of asset a

Manufacturing a 2,050 2,149 1,917 1,937 1,880 1,805 1,825

Chain volume measures ac

Mining 1,651 1,712 1,934 1,869 1,905 1,833 1,732

Manufacturing 2,297 2,398 2,136 2,129 2,040 1,959 1,991