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    Reading Latin (Jones, Sidwell) [page numbers in title]

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    Reading Latin (Jones, Sidwell) [page numbers in title]

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    Reading Latin 376 To 395

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    Reading Latin (Jones, Sidwell) [page numbers in title]

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    +166 Section 5E post eum diem quidam L. Tarquinius ad senatum adductus erat, quemnad Catilinam proficiscentem ex itinere retractum aiébant. is cum sé diceret indicatirum dé coniiratiGne, si fidés piblica data esset, iussus 4 consile quae sciret édicere, eadem feré quae Volturcius dé paratis incendils, dé caede bonérum, dé itinere hostium senatum docet; praetered sé missum qui Catilinae niintidret né eum Lentulus et Cethégus aliique ex coni ne déprehénsi terrérent, eSque magis properaret ad urbem adcedére, qué et céterSrum animés reficeret et illi facilius @ periculd ériperentur. (Sallust, Catiline 48.3-4) post (+acc.) after dé paratis incendits [See 163 Note] additcé 3 addiixi adductus 1 bring (to) 5 doceé 2 1 inform (x acc. of ¥ acc.) retrahd 3 retraxt retractus I drag back qui . . . niintidret [Expresses purpose] aid 3 1 say déprehends 3 déprehendi déprehénsus 1 indicd 1 1 make a declaration, give capture [Tr. ali? . . . déprehénsi ‘the information capture of the others..." ~ what fides piblica (56. + 1/2 adj.) publi docs it mean literally?] pledge (of impunity or protection) tered 2.1 frighten édicd 31 declare 6 magis ‘by that much the more’ eadem ... quae ‘the same . . . as’ adcédere = accédere Seré almost reficid 3/4 1 revive, restore English-Latin Reread the text of 5E(ii), then translate this passage into Latin. While at Rome this punishment was being exacted! from Lentulus, Catiline drew up his forces. He was waiting until? troops should be sent from his allies. But after it was reported that Lentulus was dead and the conspiracy revealed, he started to make? his way through the mountains. The consul Antonius, sent by the senate with the purpose of* defeating him in battle, pursued him. Metellus also moved his camp from Picenum, to obstruct Catiline as he hurried towards Transalpine Gaul. After Catiline saw that he was shut in by mountains and enemy troops, he decided to join battle as soon as possible with Antonius, in order to give more® hope to his soldiers. 1 Use dum-+ present indicative. 2 Use dum-+imperfect subjunctive. > Use historic infinitive. 4 Either e5 cdnsilié ut or qui+ subjunctive. 5 qué+ comparative adjective + subjunctive. 376 Section 5E 167> Virgil’s Aeneid At the command of the gods, Aeneas abandons Dido (who commits suicide) and continues on his journey. Eventually he arrives in Italy, befriends the local King Latinus, and is offered the hand of his daughter Lavinia in marriage. This causes civil war to break out between Aeneas and Turnus, to whom Lavinia had previously been betrothed. In preparation for this epic contest, Venus has Vulcan make Aeneas a special shield, on which the whole of Roman history to come is Soreshadowed. Aeneas gazes in wonder at it: the final scene his eyes rest on is that of Augustus triumphant over his enemies. at Caesar, triplici inuectus ROm4na triumphd moenia, dis Italis ustum immortile sacrabat, maxima ter centum t6tam délibra per urbem. lactitia ldidisque uiae plausiique fremébant; 5 omnibus in templis matrum chorus, omnibus 4rae; ante Aras terfam Caesi strauére iuuénci. ipse sedéns niued candentis limine Phoebi dona recognéscit populdrum aptatque superbis postibus; incédunt uictae longd drdine gentés, 10 quam uariae linguis, habiti tam uestis et armis. hic Nomadum genus et discinctés Mulciber Afrds, Here Vulcan had moulded the No- hic Lelegis Carasque sagittiferdsque Gelénds mads and the Afficans with their Snxerat; Euphratés tbat iam mollior undis, streaming robes; here were the extrémique hominum Morini, Rhénusque bicornis, Lelegians and Carians of Asia and the 15. indomitique Dahae, et pontem indignatus Araxés. Gelonians from Scythia carrying their ‘lia per clipeum Voleani, déna parentis, quivers; there was the Euphrates mov- miritur rérumque ignarus imagine gaudet ing now with a chastened currents attolléns umeré fimamque et fata nepstum. here were the Morini from the ends of the earth in Gaul, the two-horned Rhine, the Scythians from beyond the Caspian, never conquered before, and the River Araxes chafing at his bridge. ‘Such was the shield that Vulcan made, and Venus gave her son. Aeneas mar- velled at it, and rejoicing at the things pictured on it without knowing what they were, he lifted onto his shoulder the fame and fates of his descendants, (Virgil, Aeneid 8.714-31) 377 +166 Caesar: i.e. Augustus triplex triplic-is threefold [triplici and Romar solution] inuehor 3 dep. inuectus | am carried into, ride into (+ acc.) triumph-us 7 2m. triumph [Solves —?] moenia moen-ium 3n. pl. city walls [Solves —2] dis from deus 16 [Cases? Hold] Ital-us a um of Italy um 7 2n. offering immortal-is e immortal, everlasting sacré 1 1 consecrate x (acc.) to ¥ (dat.) ter centum 300 [maxima and tétam both await solution] délibr-um 7 2n. shrine leetiti-a ae 1f. joy lid-us 7 2m. game, revel uiae (‘games offfor the road’? Or is this nom. pl.? Answer coming up in verb] plaus-us is 4m. applause, cheers [Note case and -que, linking it with which previous nouns?) Srems 31 resound, echo [With x: abl. — solves it] 5 chor-us 72m. chorus, choir (Sc. est] are both adjectives awaiting 10 Section 5E ar-a ae 1f. altar caeds 3 cecidt caesus | kill, slaughter sternd 3 straui | lie over (+acc) inuenc-us 7 2m, bullock ipse (Le. Augustus] seded 21 sit nied candentis (Both adjectives, Hold for their soution] nive-us a um white candeo 21 shine limen Timin-is 3n. threshold Phoeb-us 7 2m. Phocbus (Apollo) don-um 7 2n. gift recognéscé 3 1 review apta 1 I fit x (acc.) to ¥ (dat) [Whit és the (understood) x2] superb-us a um fine, proud postis post-is 3m. door-post, portal incéds 3 1 march past quam... tam as... as uari-us a um different lingu-ae drum 26. pl. tongues, languages {ADI of respect] habit-us iis 4m. look, fashion [AbL of respect] uestis uest-is 3f. clothes Deliciae Latinae Martial quem recitas meus" est, 6 Fidentine, “ibellus. sed male cum recitas, incipit esse tus. (1.38) recitd 11 read out, recite Fidentin-us i 2m. Fidentinus quem) libell-us 7 2m. book [This is the antecedent of incipi6 3/4 1 begin nil recitas et uis, Mamerce, poéta uidéri? quidquid uis ests, dummodo nil recités. (2.88) Mamerc-us i 2m. Mamercus 378 poét-a ae 1m. poet quidquid whatever estd be! (=es, 2nd. s. imperative of sum) Section SE The Vulgate: natiuitas Christ? 1675 factum est autem in diébus illis, exiit dictum 4 Caesare Augustd ut déscriberétur iiniuersus orbis. haec déscriptié prima facta est 4 praeside Syriae Cyrin6; et ibant omnés ut profitérentur singuli in suam cluitatem. ascendit autem et Idséph 4 Galilaed dé ciuitate Nazareth in Iidaeam in duititem Dauid, quae uocatur Béthlehem, ed quod esset dé domd et 5 familia Dauid, ut profitérétur cum Maria déspénsata sibi uxdre praegnante. factum est autem, cum essent ibi, implétisunt et peperit filium suum primégenitum et pannis eum inuoluit et reclinauit eum in praes€pid, quia non erat eis locus in diuerséri et pastdrés erant in regiéne eddem uigilantés et custddientés uigiliis 10 noctis super gregem suum. et ecce angelus Domini stetit iuxta illds, et claritas Dei circumfulsit illds, et timuérunt timére magné, et dixit illis angelus: ‘nlite timére; ecce enim euangelizé udbis gaudium magnum, quod erit omni populd; quia natus est udbis hodié Saluator qui est Christus Dominus, in ciuitate Dauid. et hoc udbis signum: inueniétis 15 infantem pannis inuoliitum et positum in praesépid. et subitd facta est cum angelé multitiidd militiae caelestis laudantium Deum et dicentium: Gloria in altissimis Ded, et in terra pax hominibus bonae uoluntitis. (Luke 2:1-14) dict-um 7 2n. edict déxribor 3 (pass.) I am subject of a census finiuers-us a um all, whole orbis orb-is 3m. world tidn-is 3. census is 3m. governor Syri-a ae 1f, Syria Cyrin-us 72m. Quirinius profiteor 2 dep. I make a census return singuls ae a (as) individuals axend5 3 | go up lisiph nom. Joseph Galilae-a ae if. Galilee Nazareth [Ab]. with ciuitdte] Videe-a ae 1f. Judaca Dauid (gen.) of David Bithlehem (nom.) Bethlehem 6 quod+ subj. ‘for this reason, that’ Mari-a ae 1f. Mary déspinsit-us a um betrothed praegnans praegnant-is being pregnant impled 2 impléut implétus 1 complete parid 3/4 peper I give birth (to) primdgenit-us a um first-born pann-i drum 2m. pl. rags, pieces of cloth, swaddling clothes inuolud 3 inuolui inuolitus 1 wrap praesépi-um 7 2n. enclosure, pen, fold; manger diuersori-um i 2n. hostel, inn 11am on watch, keep awake ddi6 41 guard, keep -ae drum if. pl. watches 3m. flock ‘angel-us 7 2m. messenger iuxta (+acc.) beside claritas claritat-is 3f. clearness, brightness circumfiulges 2 circumfulsi 1 shine around timor timor-is 3m. fear 379 +166 Section SF euangelizé | announce, tell good news infans infant-is 3m. child, infant gaudi-um 7 2n. joy caclest-is e celestial, heavenly saludtor saluator-is 3m. saviour land6 11 praise 18. Christ-us 7 2m. Christ alt-us a um high Section 5F Running vocabulary for 5F(i) fab (+abl.) from (the ——_ferr-um 7 2n. sword direction of) “friment-um 7 2n. corn add6 3 1 add, increase ‘fuerit *(he) has been’ (pf. aduers-us a um hostile subj. of sum) adwocs 11 summon Galli-a ae 1f. Gaul attulerit “(it) has brought’ —_huiuscemod? of this kind (perf. subj. of adfers) igndui-a ae 1f. laziness; cédB 3 cess 1 yield cowardice cert 1 1 contend, fight igndu-us a um idle; contid contion-is 3¢. cowardly meeting, assembly impendeé 2 | threaten, conuocauerim ‘Ihave called _ overhang (+ dat.) together’ (perf. subj. of iist-us a um just conuocé 1) memini | remember decus decor-is 3n. honour (perfect in form) dextr-a ae If. right hand memineritis (you) diviti-ae drum 16. pl. riches remember’ (subj. of dubi-us a um doubtful memini ‘I remember’ — egestas egestat-is 3f. lack perfect in form) equidem at any rate necessitiids necessititdin-is ex [Here= instead of] 3f. necessity Notes a speech perseciiti sint “(they ) have pursued” (perf. subj. of ersequor) posueritis *you (pl.) have placed” (perf. subj. of pind 3) potenti-a ae 1f. power pristin-us a um former quant-us a um how much, how big gitin (+ subj.) (11.261, 266 after non dubium est) that; (1.269) ‘who... not’ [See 140.1] qué (+subj.) (1.254) in order to quécumque wherever quéminus (+ subj.) from (—ing) quot how many 1. 254 qué pauca monérem: ‘in order to give advice on a few points' lit. ‘advise a few things’. 1. 257 quantum periculi: see 31. 380 Section 5F Learning vocabulary for 5F(i) Nouns contid contion-is 3f. diuiti-ae drum 1f. pl. riches meeting, assembly ferr-um i 2n. sword; iron decus decor-is 3n. honour; —_friiment-um 7 2n. corn beauty igndui-a ae 1f, laziness; dextr-a ae 1f. right hand cowardice Adjectives aduers-us a um hostile; igndu-us a um lazy; ‘opposite; unfavourable cowardly Verbs add6 3 addidt additus 1 add; certo 1. struggle, fight; increase vie aduocé 1 1 summon memini meminisse e2d5 3 cessi cessum 1 yield; (defective: perfect form go only) I remember Others Gritiénem habére to make a qudcumque (to) wherever speech 167> potenti-a ae 1f. power quant-us a um how much, how great persequor 3 dep. persecitus I pursue, follow after quot how many Running vocabulary for 5F(ii) 96 3 agi | spend, pass intolerand-us a um anim-a ae 1f. life unbearable bon-a drum 2n. pl. goods —_—_inuided 2 inuidi 1 cautte (+ subj. oF begrudge, envy né+subj.) beware of (#dat.) —ing inult-us a um unavenged cago 3 cotgi | compel (x lociitus sim ‘I have spoken’ acc. to Y inf.) (pé. subj. of loquor) consilium capere to make a Itictuds-us a um grief- plan stricken, mournful conuociuerim “I have mére in the manner of (x: summoned’ (pf. subj. gen.) of conuocé 1) necessitiids necessitiidin-is cruent-us a um bloody 3f. necessity démenti-a ae 1f. madness _necne or not (following désperé 1 1 lose hope utrum ‘whether’) exsili-um 7 2n. exile neu=néue and that. . . foed-us a um disgraceful not opus est there is need of (x: abl) particeps partcip-is sharer in (+gen.) pecus pecor-is 3n. sheep; cattle quin (+subj.) from (ing). quod st but if quominus (+ subj.) from (—ing) rem bene gerere to succeed trucido 1 butcher turpitids turpitidin-is 36. disgrace, dishonour trum... neene whether . +, OF not 381 167 167 Section SF Notes 11.272-3 nisi. . .facti fuissétis. . . égissetis: ‘if. . -hadnot...,.. .would have’. There are several other examples of this construction. 9] nisi+ pluperfect subjunctive, pluperfect subjunctive. The basic for- mula is ‘if x had / had not happened, ¥ would not have happened’. Other examples are in lines 274—5, 275-6, 278-9, 281-2. See 173;cf. 1393. Learning vocabulary for 5F(ii) Nouns bon-a drum 2n. pl. goods exsili-um 7 2n. exile necessitiidd necessititdin-is 36. necessity Verbs agé 3 égi actus 1 spend, inuided 2 inuidi inuisum 1 trucido 1 1 butcher, pass (do, act; drive, envy, begrudge slaughter lead, direct) (+ dae.) ¢5g5 3 coegt coactus 1 force, compel; gather Others more in the manner of, like (x: gen.) opus est there is need of (x: abl.) Grammar and exercises for 5F Perfect subjunctive active 2 3 1st s. -eri-m (amfrim etc.) habt-cri-m —dix-cri-m 2nd s. habt-eri-s dix-eri-s 3rd s. habé-eri-t —_dix-eri-t 1st pl. habu-eri-mus__dix-cri-mus 2nd pl. ama habu-eri-tis dix-eri-tis 3rd pl. amiu-eri-nt habi-eri-nt —dix-eri-nt 382 168 Section 5F 168 1st s. 2nd s. audiu-eri-s rds. audiu-eri-t 1st pl. audiu-cri-mus 2nd pl. audiu-eri-tis 3rd pl. audiu-eri-nt Notes 1 The perfect subjunctive active is formed by taking the stem of the 3rd p.p.and adding -erim -eris -erit -erimus -eritis -erint. Observe that, in this respect, it is almost identical in form to the future perfect (see 156). (The only difference is that the future perfect has the Ist s. in -erd and usually a short i at -eris, -erimus, -eritis.) Note the normal active personal endings (-m, -s, -f, -mus, -tis, -nt). 2 Note that in 1st and 4th conjugations the forms ama-rim etc. and audi- erim are common. Cf. déléu-erim and délé-rim. Perfect subjunctive deponent 1 2 3 Ist s. pollicit-us a um sim 2nd s. pollicit-us a um sis 3rd s. pollicit-us a um sit n 1st pl. a ae a simus 2nd pl. pollicit-i ae a sitis —_lociit-i ae a sitis 3rd pl. minatiaeasint —_polli ae a sint 4 3/4 1st s, mentit-us a. um sim prégréss-us a um sim Inds. mentit-us a.um sis prdgréss-us a um sis 3rd s. saum sit prdgréss-us a um sit 1st pl. ae a simus progréss-i ae a simus 2nd pl. aeasitis progréss-I ae a sitis 5rd pl. aeasint — progréss-i ae a sint NB. The perfect subjunctive deponent is formed by taking the stem of the perfect participle, adding the appropriate endings -us -a -um etc. to agree with the subject, and adding sim sis sit simus sitis sint, the present subjunctive of sum. 383 169 169 Section 5F Perfect subjunctive passive 3 dict-us sim dict-us sis abit-tsint —dict-isint —_audit-i sint NB. For formation of perfect subjunctive passive, see note on deponent (above) 168. Summary Perfect active subjunctive: 3rd p.p. in -erim -eris -erit -erimus -eritis erin Perfect deponent/passive subjunctive: perfect participle + sim sis sit simus sitis sint. Exercises 1 Form and conjugate the perfect subjunctive of these verbs (form passive only when requested): disp6nd (passive), cohortor, peruenio, occupé, piinid (passive), moued, ator, conficid, uereor, siamo (passive), (optional: Port6, obliuiscor, e3, possum, ferd (passive), auded, considd, instrud (passive), persequor, aduocé (passive). 2 Pick out the perfect subjunctives in this list, detailing tense and mood (i.e. indicative or subjunctive) of the others: frégisti, curaueris, moueris, afueram, égisset, instriixerd, siimpserim, properauit, adlocitus sit, usus esset, praebuerit, rogauerint, arbitratus erit, iussi sitis, ndluimus, miseritis, diixerimus, conuocata sit, interfectus erit, petita sis, (optional uiceram, uinxeris, seciitae simus, passa est, prohibitus sit, conuocaueritis, temptauerimus, impediuissem, cénsiderauimus, exorta essem, uisum sit, collocauerim, questus erd, oppresserimus). 170 Use of perfect subjunctive It is used in certain constructions already met, e.g. (a) Subordinate clauses in indirect speech (142) (b) Result clauses, tam (etc) . . . ut-+subj. ‘(so) . . . that’, 144, eg. 384 mn Section 5F 171 potest fieri ut iratus dixerit ‘it may be that he spoke in anger’ (Cicero). — (©) cum+ subj. ‘since’, ‘although’ 124, 141 (but not usually ‘when’). (@) quit subj. in generic or causal sense, 140. (e) Fearing clauses (timed (etc.) né), 162. In these cases it should be translated as a plain past (‘I—ed’) or perfect (‘I have —ed’), whichever fits better. Perfect subjunctive: independent usages The use of the present subjunctive in an imperative or potential sense has already been met (152 and 153). The perfect subjunctive is also used in these senses, e.g. (a) Jussive: né petiueris ‘do not seek’ (=nali petere). (b) Potential: dixerit aliquis ‘someone may say’ errauerim fortasse ‘I may/could perhaps have been wrong’. Exercises 1 Translate: (a) ti né quaesieris . . . (Horace) (b) nallam aciem, nillum proelium timueris. (Livy) (©) né hostibus cesseris. (@)_nailli inuideris. (e) _né restiteris. (f) quis tibi hoc dixerit? nN Translate into Latin (using né + perfect subjunctive for prohibitions): (a) Do not be daring. (b) Do not reveal this plan. (c) Do not give yourself up. (4) Do not harm the state. (e) Do not kill the consul. (f) Someone may assert. 385 172 172 Section 5F Indirect (reported) questions You have already met indirect statements (‘I say that’: 98-9, 143) and indirect commands (‘I tell/urge/persuade etc. someone to’: 134). Consid- er the following examples: (a) ogo quid facias ‘I ask what you are doing’. (b) nesciuit cir uénisset ‘he did not know why he had come’. (c) quaeré qué itiirus sis ‘Iam enquiring to where youare abouttogo’. All these report direct questions: (a) ‘What are you doing?” (b) ‘Why have you come?’ etc. Quite simply, Latin reports these questions in exactly the same way that English does, except that the verb is in the subjunctive. All you have to dois to translate the subjunctive as ifit were the identical tense of the indicative. Notes 1 num (or an) in indirect questions mean ‘if’, ‘whether’; num quis means ‘if anyone’ (cf. né quis, st quis 1343, 1452, 1391; forms IA). 2 necne in indirect questions means ‘or not’. 3 As with indirect statements and commands, references to thesubjectof the main verb are reflexive, e.g. Caesar milités rogduit utrum sé audire possent necne ‘Caesar asked the soldiers whether they could hear him (= Caesar) or not’ 4 Where Latin uses future participle + sim/essem to express the future, you should translate this into a simpler future in English, e.g. Strobilus nesciuit ubi aulam célatiirus esset ‘Strobilus did not know where he was about to hide the pot’ i.e. ‘would hide the pot” Exercises 1 Translate these sentences: (a) omnés rogant num seruéds accéperit Catilina. (b) _nescit c6nsul utrum ad urbem an ad Galliam Catilina itiirus sit. (c) Metellus sciébat qué Catilina prdgressiirus esset. (d) némo scit quot milités habuerit Manlius. (e) nescid quantam praedam Catilina adeptus sit. 386 173 Section 5F 173 (6) Gués rogant num cdnsul conidratorés pinire cdnstituerit. (g) quis rogauit utrum ignduus esset Lentulus necne? (h) Sallustius ndrrat qualis Tulliani faciés fuerit. (i) omnés scimus quot legiGnés Catilina instrixerit. (j) consuls rogauérunt num cépiae Catilinae magnae futirae essent. (k) sire uelim utrum Catilina an cénsul uictirus sit. @) rogaui utrum Catilina ipse suds milités in proelium dixisset necne. 2 Translate these sentences: (a) scribis té uelle scire qui sit status! réi piiblicae. (Cicero) (b) quid faciendum sit, 4 faciente discendum? est. (Seneca) (0) cOnsiderabimus quid fécerit, quid faciat, quid factiirus sit. (Cicero) (d) uluam an? moriar, nilla est in mé metus*. (Ennius) ()_ nihil est difficilius quam quid deceat uidére. (Cicero) 4 status iis 4m. situation > an of: note that there is no preceding trum. 4 metus (unusually) is f. here. 3 Translate into Latin (See R3 Note 4 for strict rules): (a) I would like to tell you why you have been called together. (b) You all know how idle Lentulus has been. (©) Do not tell me how many enemies are pursuing us. , (a) lurge you to remember how much hope you have placed in this battle. () Someone may ask why we are fighting. Conditional clauses: ‘if x had happened, y would have happened’ Where si (‘if’) clause uses the pluperfect subjunctive and the main clause uses a pluperfect subjunctive, the meaning is ‘if x had happened, ¥ would have happened’ (cf. 139), e.g. si Catilinam uidissem, fligissem ‘if | had seen Catiline, I would have fled’ si effiigissent, Roma déléta esset ‘if they had escaped, Rome would have been destroyed’ 387 174 173 Section SF Notes 1 This meaning is sometimes expressed by imperfect subjunctives (se 1393). 2 Mixtures of the set formulae are also possible, e.g. si hoc fécissem, lactus essem ‘If I had done this, I would (now) be happy’. Exercises 1 Translate into English: (a) nisi Lentulus ignauus fuisset, rés piiblica magné in periculd fuisset. (b) si coniiiratérés diuitias habuissent, Catilinae sé snumquam, adiainxissent. (c) Catilinae milités, nisi eds necessitidd pugnare coggisset, effugere cOnati essent. (d) _uicisset Catilina, nisi Fortiina ei inuidisset. (©) si Catilinae satis frimenti fuisset, in montibus manére cOnstituisset. 2 Translate into Latin: (a) You would all have lived your life in exile, if] had not made this plan. (b) If Lentulus had been brave, our danger would not now be so great.! (©) Ifyouhad possessed wealth, you would now be fighting against me.? (d) Catiline would have gone into exile, if he had foreseen the idleness of Lentulus. (e) If Catiline had not made a speech, his soldiers would not have realised how much danger there was. 1 Use si+ plup. subj., impf. subj 2 Use si+plup. subj., impf. subj. quominus, quin+ subjunctive 1 quiminus (=qud minus, ‘so that ... not’) is used after verbs of preventing, hindering, restraining, obstructing, and is an extension of the purpose or result clause constructions already met (144, 148). The best translation in these circumstances is usually ‘from’, e.g. 388 Section 5F 175+ mé impedit quominus eam ‘he hinders meso that I cannot go / from going’ eis obstitit qudminus trent ‘he stood in their way so that they could not go’, ‘he opposed their departure’ naués uentd tenébantur quominus in portum uenire possent “The ships were prevented by the wind from coming (=‘so that they could not come’) into the harbour’ NB. See further Reference Grammar $2(£). 2 quin (quine ‘how not?’) is generally found in a negative context and has a number of usages of deliberative, consecutive and indirect force using the subjunctive: (a) After negative expressions of preventing e.g. nil t@ impedit quin eds ‘nothing prevents you from going / so that you cannot go’. (b) Meaning ‘but that’, ‘without’, ‘that not’ in negative contexts, €.g. numquam eum uided quin rideam ‘I never see him but that I laugh / without laughing’, numquam égressus sum quin uidérer ‘I never went out but that I was seen / without being seen’; némo tam sapiéns est quin erret ‘no-one is so wise but that he makes a mistake / that he does not make a mistake’. Note also the expressions facere nén possum quin ‘I cannot do (@ thing) but that’ ‘I cannot help —ing’; fieri nbn potest quin ‘it cannot come about but that . . .’, ‘it is impossible that . . .not ‘ non multum abest quin ‘it is not far from being the case that . - : ()_ Incertain negative expressions of doubting meaning ‘(but) that’, e.g. dubium non est quin ‘there is no doubt (but) that . . .’; ndn dubito quin ‘I do not doubt (but) that . dubitari non potest quin ‘it cannot be doubted (but) that’. Examine the following examples: non dubium erat quin Catilina uincerétur ‘there was no doubt that Catiline was being defeated’ némo dubitabit quin Lentulus ignauus fuerit ‘no-one will doubt that Lentulus was a coward’ némo est quin sciat ‘everyone knows’ fierinon potest quin rés piiblica salua sit ‘it is impossible that the state will not be safe’ Catilina facere non poterat quin friistra loquerétur ‘Catiline could not help speaking to no purpose’ NB. See further Reference Grammar Q2(a), S2(a) 3(i)-(iv), S2(e). 389 174 Section 5F Exercises 1 Translate into English: (a) impedior quéminus tibi narrem quid Catilina dixerit. (b) necaetas impedit quominus et céterarum rérum et in primis agri colendi studia teneamus. (Cicero) (c) n6dn dubium est quin Catilina coniirator fuerit. (d) quin loquar, numquam mé potes déterrére.! (Plautus) (e) dubitari nén potest quin Fortiina Catilinae inuiderit. (f) quis dubitet quin in uirtiite diuitiae sint? (Cicero) (g) némoest tam senex qui sé annum n6n putet posse uiuere (Cicero) (bh) nén potest iticundé? uiui nisi cum uirtiite uiudtur. (Cicero) * déterreé 2.1 frighten off, prevent. 2 jiicundé happily. 2 Translate into Latin (see Note on 174 for references to Reference Grammar discussions): (a) Nothing stops you from speaking.* (b) There‘is no doubt that? this is true. (c) Catiline was prevented from? leaving the mountains. (a) Iam being held back by necessity from following the rest of the army.*" (e) There was no doubt that Catiline was forced to fight. 2 quominus or quin. Reading exercise / Test exercise In indirect speech there are three basic constructions: (i) statements are expressed by ace. + inf. ; (ii) commands by ut/né + subjunctive; (iit) indirect questionsbya question word + subjunctive. As you know, subordinate clauses within it also have subjunctive verbs. You need also to know that in extended passages, indirect commands are often represented by subjunctive alone. In reading, the most important thing is to be aware when such an extended passage begins: once the Sact of indirect speech is spotted, the next thing is to remember that the tense ofthe introductory verb will affect the tense of all subjunctives. 58: Caesar has just won a battle at the river Arar against one canton (pig-usi 2m.) of the migrating Helvetii. They send him an embassy, headed by Divico. 390 Section 5F 17353 isita cum Caesare égit: si pacem populus R6manus cum Heluetiis faceret, in eam partem itiirés atque ibi futiirds ubi eds Caesar constituisset atque esse uoluisset; sin bell persequi perseuéraret, reminiscerétur et ueteris incommodi et pristinae uirtitis Heluetigrum. quod improuis num pagum adortus esset, cum ei qui fliimen trnsissent suis auxilium ferre non possent, né ob cam rem aut suae magnopere uirtiti tribueret aut ipsos déspiceret. sé ita 4 patribus maidribusque suis didicisse, ut magis uirtiite quam dol6d contenderent aut insidiis niterentur. quaré né ‘committeret ut is locus ubi constitissent ex calamitate populi Romani et interneciGne exercitiis ndmen caperet aut memoriam proderet. (Caesar, Dé Bell Gallic6 1, 13, 3-7) 10 5 ag6 3 égi | deal, do business [Indirect Speech begins after the colon] faceret (Indirect: it represents cither faciat (‘were to make’) or faciet (‘is going to make’)} indrés, futirds sc. esse: ‘they would go .. and stay’ [Both refer to the Helvetii] cénstitu6 3 cOnstitui | place, put sin but if perseuéraret [Indirect: represents cither perseuéret (‘were to continue’) or perseuérabit (‘is going to continuc’)] perseuérs 11 continue reminiscerétur [Indirect command] reminiscor 3 dep. | remember (+ gen.) incommod-um 7 2n. misfortune [Inflicted by the Helvetii upon L. Cassius in 107.] pristin-us a um former quod ‘as for the fact that’ [The reported speech continues] improuiss unexpectedly 10 adorior 4 dep. adortus 1 attack flitnen flimin-is 3n. river transeé transire tran né [introduces an indirect command, negative] suae [Hold until solved] tribué 3 1 attribute [1 that’ — the quod clause is the object of this verb] ipsés [L.e. the Helvetii] déspicié 3/4 I look down on sé [Le. the Helvetii] discé 3 didici | learn contends 3 | struggle, fight quaré therefore né [Introduces another negative indirect command] committeret (Tr. ‘act in such a way’) cOnsisté 3 consti interneci6 internecior slaughter memori-a ae 1. remembrance, record prod6 3 | hand down, transmit; produce NB. For rules governing conditions in indirect speech, see Reference Grammar R4(b). English-Latin Reread the text of SF(i), then translate this passage into Latin: “You can see, soldiers, in what danger our affairs are. Two armies prevent us from leaving these mountains without a battle. If we had not relied 391 174 Section 5F upon Lentulus, we would have already escaped. Now, however, wwe must fight, for our fatherland, for our liberty and for our lives. Do not be? cowards. If we win? there is no doubt that? safety is ours. If we yield? through fear, nothing will stop us from* being butchered.’ 4 e+ perfect subjunctive. > qu 2 Use future perfect. * qué + subjunctive. + subjunctive or quin+ subjunctive. Virgil’s Aeneid Eventually, Aeneas and his rival Turnus come face to face. Aeneas is aboutto kill him, but Turnus pleads for his life. In this passage, Aeneas is about to yield to Turnus’ entreaty, when he sees Pallas’ sword-belt glittering on him (see note), Aeneas kills him, and the Aeneid ends. stetit Acer in armis Aenéis uoluéns oculés dextramque repressit; et iam iamque magis ciinctantem flectere serm6 coeperat, infélix umeré cum apparuit altd balteus et ndtis fulsérunt cingula bullis 5 Pallantis pueri, uictum quem uulnere Turnus strduerat atque umeris inimicum insigne gerébat. ille, oculis postquam saeui monimenta dol6ris exuuiasque hausit, furiis accénsus et ira terribilis: ‘tine hinc spoliis indate medrum 10 éripiare mihi? Pallas té hdc uulnere, Pallas immolat et poenam sceleraté ex sanguine simit.’ hoc dicéns, ferrum aduersd sub pectore condit feruidus; ast illi soluuntur frigore membra uitaque cum gemiti fugit indignata sub umbras. 15 (Virgil, Aeneid 12.935-52) stetit (Subject? Wait] infélix infélic-is ill-scarred, disastrous uolué 3 1 roll, shift (Wait for noun for infélix and reprimé 3 repressi 1 check, restrain introduction word to this new iam iamque magis ‘now more and more’ clause] Ginctantem (Refers to Aencas. Register umer-us i 2m. shoulder (Dat. or abl? case and hold] Hold} flecté 31 bend, persuade cum [Introduces the clause] sermé [Le. the words (of Turnus)] 392 Section 5F appares 2.1 appear, come into view [Where? umerd)] alt-us a um on the top of § balte-us 72m. sword-belt sét-us a. um well-known filges 2 fulsi 1 shine, glitter ‘dngul-a drum 2n. pl. baldric bulla ae 1f. stud [Solves nétis. But what case?] Pallas Pallant-is 3m. Pallas, the young, man entrusted to Aeneas’ charge by his father Evander. Turnus killed Pallas in battle (Aeneid 10.439ff.) uictum quem [quem introduces the clause, object of straserat] wulnus uulner-is 3n, wound sternd 3 strdui 1 lay low inimic-us a um hostile, of his enemy insigne insign-is 3n. insignia, a sign gerd 31 wear [What? Where? Solves umeris)] ille (Le. Aeneas] postquarn [Introduces clause] moniment-um 7 2n. memorial (to+ gen.) exuui-ae drum 2£. pl. spoils 175 furi-ae drum 1€. pl. the spirits of vengeance accendé 3 accendi accénsus 1 burn up, consume ir-a ae 1f. anger 10 spoli-a drum 2n. pl. spoils indit-us a um dressed in (+abl.) medrum ‘of mine’ (Le. ‘of my people’] éripié 3/4 I snatch away [Deliberative subj. ‘are you to be. . .?"] immol6 1 I sacrifice poenam siimé 3 1 take revenge scelerét-us a um villainous aduers-us a um facing pectus pector-is 3n. chest condé 3 I hide, bury Jferuid-us a um hot, in passion ast =at iliy (dat.) [L.e. Turnus] Srigus frigor-is 3n. cold, chill (of death) ‘membr-um i 2n, limb 15 gemit-us is 4m. groan indignat-us a um complaining sub (+acc.) down to umbr-a ae 1f. shade Deliciae Latinae Martial quiré non habeat, Fabulle, quaeris, uxdrem Themison? habet sordrem. (12.20) Themisin Themison-is 3m. Themison [Subject of habeat and habe!) aestiud serués ubi piscem tempore, quaeris? in thermis serua, Caeciliane, tuis. (2.78) acstiu-us a um hot, summer [Hold aestiud until solved by tempore} serués deliberative subjunctive [See 152") piscis pise-is 3m. fish therm-ae rum \f. pl. baths (which were supposed to be hot) Caecilian-us 7 2m. ‘Caecilianus (a bath- keeper) 393 174 Section 5G Section 5G Running vocabulary for 5G(i) interficiendum killing (acc. 7 5f. battle-line gerund of interficia) aeger aegr-a aegr-um ill latré latrén-is 3m. bandit amplius more than légat-us 2m. commander appells 1 1 address locd 11 place cané 31 sound (lit. ‘sing’) — M.=Mareé: Marc-us 7 centurid centurién-is 3m. 2m. Marcus centurion (commander _moriendum dying (acc. of a century — actually gerund of morior) less than 100 men) narrandé by relating (abl. circumeund6 by going gerund of narra) round (abl. gerund of ndminandé by naming cireumeo) (abl. gerund of némind) com-ii iis 4n. wing (dat. s.— ndmind 1 I name cornii) Ppardt-us a um prepared euiusque (gen. s. m.) of (to: ad+ gerund) each (man) pedes pedit-is 3m. foot dexter dextr-a um right soldier exaequé 11 make equal permitts 3 \ enerust x Faesulan-us 7 2m. man face.) to ¥ (dat.) from Facsulac Petréi-us 7 2m. M. Jfoc-us 72m. hearth Petrcius ‘frins front-is 3€. front inerm-is e unarmed Notes 1.290 qiio. . . esset see 148, 1.292 reliquarum: sc. ‘(of the) cohorts’. Learning vocabulary for 5G(i) 75f. battle-line; —_latré latran-is 3m. robber, sharp edge, point; bandit keenness (of sight) legat-us 7 2m. commander centurié centurién-is 3m. (pl. ambassadors) centurion com-it fis 4n. wing (of army); horn 394 post (+acc.) after; ((adv.) afterwards, later) praeficid 3/4 praefed pracfectus 1 put x (ace) in charge of v (dat) pré (+abl.) in accordance with pugnandum fighting (ace. gerund of pugnd) quemque (acc. s. m.) (1.301) each; (293) optinnim quemque=all the best men; (1.298, 302) finum quemque=each individual remoued 2 reméul remitus | remove. sign-um 7 2n, (1.288) trumpet-

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