182 Section 6D Section 6D Running vocabulary for 6D(i) adiungé 3 adifinxi | join, add cael-um 7 2n, heaven, sky cerns 3 I discern, perceive, see délibr-um i 2n. temple, shrine diu-us 7 2m. god facid 3/4 1 suppose, imagine (1. 5) Sax facnis 3£. torch ‘flamm-a ae 1f. flame ‘flecté 3 1 steer, guide, control Sremit-us iis 4m. roar ‘fulmen fulmin-is 3n. lighting, thunderbole gemit-us iis 4m. groan «-amantium (amantum)> dat. +amintibus> abl, -aménte (amanti)> +-amintibus> Present infinitive active ‘to —’ Key: -ARE -ERE -ERE -IRE -ERE 1 2 3 4 3/4 ‘to love’ ‘to have’ ‘to say’ to hear’ ‘to capture’ amare habére dicere audire —_cApere 451Reference grammar Gerund (a noun, cf. present participles) ‘(the act of) —ing’ Key: -ND- 1 2 3 “(the act of) loving’ “(ihe act of) having’ “(the act of) saying’ amire, amind-um i 2n. habére, habénd-um 7 2n. dicere, dicénd-um i 2a, 4 3/4 “(the act of) hearing’ “(the act of) capturing’ audire, audiénd-um i 2h. cApere, capiénd-um i 2n. Notes 1 The only gerund forms which verbs have are as above, based on the present stem. 2 The infinitive form often acts as a nominative noun, e.g. erie hiimanum est ‘to err (i.e. the act of erring) is human’. The gerund itself has no nominative. Present imperative active ‘—!’ Key: AE E/ITE/I 1 2 3 “love!” ‘demand!? 2nd s. ma pésce! 2nd pl. amite péscite 4 3/4 ‘hear! ‘capture!? 2nd s. aédi cape 2nd pl. audite cApite * We use posed here because di¢é has an irregular s. imperative. Present subjunctive active ‘I —’, ‘I may —’, ‘I would — Key: EA 1 2 3 4 3/4 ists. 4mem habeam = dicam_—atidiam ~—c4piam 2nd s. més habeas dicas atidias cApias 3rds. amet —hdbeat = dicat_~—atidiat~—cpiat 452Al-2 Active verbs 1st pl. us habeimus di 2nd pl. amétis habedtis dicatis_audiatis. capitis 3rd pl. 4ment habcant —dicant-—atidiant-—cpiant A2 Future active Future indicative active ‘I shall/will —’, ‘I shall/will be —ing’ Key: ABI EBI E JE IE 1 2 3 4 34 ‘I shall love’ ‘I shall have’ ‘I shall say’ ‘I shall hear’ ‘I shall capture’ 1st s. amabd habébd cépiam 2nd 5. habé cipiés 3rd 5. habs cépiet 1 pl. amabimus _habébimus capiémus 2nd pl. amabitis habébitis capiétis 3rd pl. amabunt habébunt —_dicent \ capient Future participle active ‘about to —’ ‘on the point of —ing’, ‘with a view to —ing’ Key: perfect participle stem + UR-US A UM+ESSE 1 2 3 ‘about to love’ ‘about to have’ ‘about to say’ amitiir-us aum habitiir-us a um dictéir-us a um 4 3/4 ‘about to hear’ ‘about to capture’ auditiir-us aum captiir-us a um NB. -iir-us a um declines like Iéngus, J1(a). Future infinitive active ‘to be about to —’ Key: perfect participle stem -+ UR-US A UM+ESSE 1 2 3 ‘to be about to love’ ‘to be about to have’ ‘to be about to say’ amatiir-us a um ésse_habitiir-us a um ésse_ dictiir-us a um ésse 453Reference grammar 4 3/4 ‘to be about to hear’ ‘to be about to capture’ auditér-us a um ésse captiir-us a um ésse NB. ir-us aum declines like léngus, J1(a). Notes 1 The future (or ‘second’) i imperative is formed by adding -t6 (s.), tote (pl.) to the present stem (e.g. amaté, habéto, péscit, audit6, cépitd). It expresses an order which is not to be obeyed immediately. E.g. laédere hanc cauété ‘Take care (in future) not to rub her up the wrong way’ (Catullus). 2. ‘Future’ subjunctive active is formed by future participle + sim ss sit, €.g. amatiir-us sim etc. or future participle + éssem éssés ésset (sometimes forem fores foret), c.g. amatiirus essem (amatiirus forem). Sequence (see A= G Intro.(a)) determines whether sim or éssem/forem is used. A3 Imperfect active Imperfect indicative active ‘I was —ing’, ‘I used to —’, ‘I began —ing’ Key: ABA EBA 1 2 3 ‘Twas loving’ ‘I was having’ ‘I was saying’ 1st s. amabam habébam 2nd s. amabas habébas 3rd s. amabat habébat dicebat 1st pl. amabamus habébimus _dic@bimus 2nd pl. amabitis habsbitis dicebitis 3rd pl. amabant habébant dicébant 4 3/4 ‘Iwas hearing’ ‘I was capturing’ 1st s. audiébam* capiébam 2nd s. audi capiébis 3rd s. audiébat capiébat * Sometimes audibam audibas etc, 454Al-+4 1st pl. 2nd pl. 3rd pl. Active verbs audi¢bamus audiébatis audiébant capiébant Imperfect subjunctive active ‘I was —ing’, ‘I might —’, ‘I would — Key: infinitive + endings Ist s. 2nd s. 3rd s. 1st pl. 2nd pl. 3rd pl. 1 2 3 4 34 habérem — dicerem —audirem —_ciperem habérés dicerés ir cAperés habéret diceret cAperet habérémus_—dicerémus caperémus habérétis — dicerétis. audirétis —_caperétis habérent —dicerent —audirent —_cperent NB. No imperfect participles, imperatives or infinitives exist. A4 Perfect active Perfect indicative active ‘I —ed’, ‘I have —ed’ Key: perf. stem +1 ISTI etc. Ist s. 2nd 5. 3rd s, 1st pl. 2nd pl. rd pl. 1 2 3 “1 loved’, ‘I have loved’ ‘Thad’, I have had? ‘I said’, ‘I have said? did dixisti (dixti) dixit amiuimus diximus amiuistis (ami: dixistis amauérunt (amauérc/amarunt) —_habuérunt (habuére) dixérunt (dixére) 4 34 “I heard’, ‘I have heard’ “I captured’, ‘I have captured” audiui épi audiuisti (audiisti/audisti) audiuit audiuimus audiuistis (audistis) . cépistis ‘ audiuérunt (audiuére/audiérunt/audiére) cepérunt (cépére) 455