An earthquake is a sudden, rapid
shaking of the earth caused by the
breaking and shifting of rock
beneath the earth’s surface.
Earthquakes strike suddenly, without
warning, and they can
occur at any time of the year, day or
night.
WHAT ARE AFTERSHOCKS
Aftershocks are earthquakes that follow
the largest shock of an earthquake
sequence. They are smaller than the
mainshock and within 1-2 rupture
lengths distance from the mainshock.
Aftershocks can continue over a period
of weeks, months, or years. In general,
the larger the mainshock, the larger
and more numerous the aftershocks,
and the longer they will continue.
What to Do Before an Earthquake What to Do During an Earthquake
 Stay calm! If you're indoors,
stay inside. If you're outside,
stay outside.
 If you're indoors, stand against
a wall near the center of the
 Make sure you have a fire building, stand in a doorway, or
extinguisher, first aid kit, a battery- crawl under heavy furniture (a
powered radio, a flashlight, and desk or table). Stay away from
extra batteries at home. windows and outside doors.
 Learn first aid.
 Learn how to turn
 If you're outdoors, stay in the
off the gas, water, open away from
and electricity. power lines or
 Make up a plan of anything that might
where to meet your fall. Stay away from
family after an buildings (stuff
earthquake.
 Don't leave heavy objects on
might fall off the building or the
shelves (they'll fall during a quake). building could fall on you).
 Anchor heavy furniture, cupboards,  Don't use matches, candles, or
and appliances to the walls or floor. any flame. Broken
 Learn the gas lines and fire
earthquake plan at
don't mix.
your school or
 If you're in a car,
workplace.
stop the car and
stay inside the car
until the
earthquake stops.
 Don't use elevators (they'll
probably get stuck anyway).

What to Do After an Earthquake
 Check yourself and others for injuries.
Provide first
aid for
anyone who
needs it.
 Check
water, gas,
and electric
lines for
damage. If any are damaged, shut
off the valves. Check for the smell of
gas. If you smell it, open all the
windows and doors, leave
immediately, and report it to the
authorities (use someone else's
phone).
 Turn on the radio. Don't use the
phone unless it's an emergency.
 Stay out of damaged buildings.
 Be careful around broken glass and
debris. Wear boots or sturdy shoes to
keep from cutting your feet.
 Be careful of chimneys (they may fall
on you). Stay away from beaches.
Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit
after the ground has stopped
shaking.
 Stay away from damaged areas.
 If you're at school or work, follow the
emergency plan or the instructions of
the person in charge.
 Expect aftershocks.
out of water to give chance to develop crop
production
EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE
Destructive Effects:
1. Earthquake causes dismantling of buildings,
bridge and other structures at or near
epicenter. Many men and animals are killed
or buried under collapsed houses.
2. Rails are folded, underground wires broken.
Fire breaks out inevitably in large towns.
3. Earthquakes originate sea waves called
Tsunamis.
EARTHQUAK
4. Earthquakes result in the formation of cracks
and fissures on the ground formation.
5. The earthquakes cause landslides and
disturb the isostatic equilibrium.
6. Landslide due to earthquake may block
valleys to form lakes.
E
Constructive Effects:
1. Sometimes the earthquakes cause formation
of hot springs which are very useful to
people.
2. The earthquakes sometimes cause
submergence in coastal land, and result in
formation of inlets, bays and gulfs which help
to develop of fishing and shipping etc.
3. Sometimes, the earthquakes cause
emergence of costs and bring fertile shore
PREPAREDNES
S

JOHN CARLO BALITE

STEM 179