Constitutional Law II (Prof.

Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola)

OUTLINE IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW II

Prof. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola
Arellano University School of Law
First Semester, SY 2013-2014

II Fundamental Powers of the State

II-A Police Power

A. Definition, Scope and Basis

1. Rights affected (human and property rights)
B. Exercising Authority
1. National government
2. Administrative Agencies
3. Local governments
a. General welfare clause
b. Ordinances and Resolutions pursuant General welfare clause
c. Other basis
C. Determination of the validity in the exercise of Police Power
1. Presumption of validity and burden of proof to invalidate
a. Presumption disputable
2. Tests for validity
a. In general
(1) Rational relations test viz New Equal Protection Approach
(2) Void on its face
b. Local governments
(1) Requisites of valid ordinances
3. Limitations
a. In general
(1) Constitutional
(a) Against due process and equal protection
(b) As against non-impairment of contracts
(2) Reasonableness
(a) Definitive studies not required
(b) Need not be the “best” means, as long as not whimsical
(3) Reasonable relation of purpose and means
b. Local governments
(1) Not contrary to Constitution and statutes
(2) Regulation viz Prohibition, Regulation viz Confiscation
(a) Regulatory ordinance
(b) Zoning ordinance
(3) Must establish a rule for impartial enforcement
D. Purposes
1. Public health
2. Public welfare
a. Right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology
b. Theaters, theatrical performances, cinematographs, public exhibitions and all other
performances and places of amusements
(1) If regulation of ticket pricing allowed under Charter
(2) Right of proprietor to fix ticket prices
(3) Theaters not public utilities
3. Public morals
a. Motels, nightclubs, massage parlors, etc.
b. Gambling
E. Illustrations
1. Public health
B000 Lorenzo vs. Director of Health, GR 27484, 1 September 1927; En Banc, Malcolm [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1927/sep1927/gr_27484_1927.html ) <
B001 Tablarin vs. Gutierrez, GR 78164, 31 July 1987; En Banc, Feliciano [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1987/jul1987/gr_78164_1987.html ) <
B002 Del Rosario vs. Bengzon, GR 88265, 21 December 1989; En Banc, Griño-Aquino [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/dec1989/gr_88265_1989.html ) <
2. Public safety
a. Vehicles
B003 Taxicab Operators of Metro Manila vs. Board of Transportation, GR L-59234, 30
September 1982; En Banc, Melencio-Herrera [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1982/sep1982/gr_l_59234_1982.html ) <
B004 Bautista vs. Juinio, GR L-50908, 31 January 1984; En Banc, Fernando [CJ]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1984/jan1984/gr_l50908_1984.html ) <

Copyright (c) 2012. Berne Guerrero – 1

 Constitutional Law II (Prof. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola)

B005 Mirasol vs. Department of Public Works and Highways, GR 158793, 8 June 2006
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/jun2006/gr_158793_2006.html ) <
b. Peace and order, protection of citizens
B006 Chavez vs. Romulo, GR 157036, 9 June 2004; En Banc, Sandoval-Gutierrez [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/jun2004/gr_157036_2004.html ) <
3. Public welfare
a. Commercial instruments
B007 Lozano vs. Martinez, GR L-63419, 18 December 1986; En Banc, Yap [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1986/dec1986/gr_63419_1986.html) <
b. Stevedoring services
B008 Anglo-Fil Trading Corporation vs. Lazaro, GR L-54958, 2 September 1983; En Banc,
Gutierrez Jr. [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1983/sep1983/gr_l-54958_1983.html) <
xxxx Philippine Ports Authority vs. Cipres Stevedoring and Arrastre Inc., GR 145742, 14 July
2005; Second Division, Chico-Nazario [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/jul2005/gr_145742_2005.html) <
c. Right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology
B009 Tano v. Socrates, GR 110249, 21 August 1997; En Banc, Davide Jr. [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1997/aug1997/gr_110249_1997.html) <
d. Theaters, theatrical performances, cinematographs, public exhibitions and all other
performances and places of amusements
B00A Balacuit vs. Court of First Instance of Agusan del Norte and Butuan City, GR L-
38429, 30 June 1988; En Banc, Gancayco [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1988/jun1988/gr_l_38429_1988.html) <
4. Public morals
a. Motels, nightclubs, massage parlors, etc.
B00B Ermita-Malate Hotel and Motel Operators Association Inc., vs. City Mayor of
Manila, GR L-24693, 31 July 1967; En Banc, Fernando [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1967/jul1967/gr_l-24693_1967.html) <
B00C Velasco vs. Villegas, GR L-24153, 14 February 1983; En Banc, Fernando [CJ]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1983/feb1983/gr_l_24153_1983.html) <
B00D De La Cruz vs. Paras, GRs L-42571-72, 25 July 1983; En Banc, Fernando [CJ]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1983/jul1983/gr_l_42571_72_1983.html) <
B00E City of Manila v. Judge Laguio, GR 118127, 12 April 2005; En Banc, Tinga [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/apr2005/gr_118127_2005.html) <
b. Gambling
B00F Magtajas vs. Pryce Properties, GR 111097, 20 July 1994; En Banc, Cruz [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1994/jul1994/gr_111097_1994.html) <

Copyright (c) 2012. Berne Guerrero – 2