PERFORMANC ANALYSIS OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
UNDER BALANCE & UNBALANCE VOLTAGE CONDITION
Aishwarya Rai1, Ritu sharma2, Ruchi Pandey3
Asst.prof.in Electrical& Electronic Engineering,2,GGITS Jabalpur, India
H.O.D of Electrical and Electronics Engineering3GGITS Jabalpur, India
aishwarya0703@gmail.com1,ritusharma@ggits.org2,ruchipandey@ggits.org3
Abstract
A three phase induction motor is one of the most popular
and versatile motor in electrical power system and
industries .It can perform the best when
operated using a balance three phase supply of the correct
frequency .A three phase Induction motor are very
commonly employed in power system because of their
features like good self starting, capability ,offers users
,simple ,rugged ,construction, easy maintained ,low cost
and reliability .Due to extensive use of induction motor in
Industry ,motor can be exposed to different hostile
environment ,miss-operation ,manufacturing defects etc
.One of the most common type of external fault is
abnormal supply condition such as loss of supply voltage
,unbalance supply ,over voltage ,under voltage . This
paper ,present the negative effect of unbalance voltage on
performance ,parameter of 5 hp induction motor such as
current, efficiency ,temperature rise ,speed, torque, and
comparison between different voltage condition.
Keywords: Induction motor, simulation, slip, speed
,torque.
I. INTRODUCTION
A Three phase Induction Motor are widely used a
industrial device and the most of them are connected
directly to the electric power distribution system
.Therefore, it is very important to clarify the effect
of voltage variation in the distribution system
voltage on the characteristic of Induction Motor.
The three phase induction motor are designed to
work under three phase balance voltage condition,
but a small amount of voltage unbalance that is
caused by the introduction of a negative sequence
voltage my increase the current very sub spinally.
The negative effect of voltage unbalance on the
performance of three phase induction motor include,
higher loss, higher temperature rise of the machine ,
reduction efficiency and a reduction in developed
torque .In past two decade electrical system were
formed principally by liner load .The fast increasing
technologies have led to an ever increasing use of
electronic device , consisting non liner load which
requires non sinusoidal current. The proposed set up
of an induction motor has been simulated as well
known MATLAB/SIMULINK software . M
ATLAB result are analyzed to see the negative
effect of voltage unbalance an performance
parameter of a three phase induction motor of rating
5hp, 415V, 7.8A,1440rpm induction motor as
current ,efficiency, temperature rise ,speed etc.
VOLTAGE UNBALANCE -
Unbalance voltage are unequal value on three circuit that
can exist any where in a power distribution system
.Unbalance voltage can cause serious problem particularly
to motor and other Induction device .Perfectly voltage
balance circuit are not possible in real world .Voltage
unbalance is defined as a power quality problems where V
in 1 or 3 phase gets increased or decreased in phase &
magnitude above(below tolerance limit)
VARIOUS POSSIBLE CASE OF VOLTAGE
UNBALANCE
Unbalance voltage is one of the most frequent
disturbance is electrical system .An induction
motor supplied by unbalance three phase power
system has been investigated to obtain its quantities
by resolving into the balance three phase
components. This is called as symmetrical
comports method. The circuit quantities of three
phase Squirrel Cage induction motor fed from
unbalance three phase system cannot be
determined by classical method, whereas the
symmetrical components method should be used.
This machine has been supplied by balance and
unbalance power system respectively for both
experimentally and simulation method. Their
voltage current and power parameter are
subsequently measured with their harmonic
value .The comparison has been also made for
both analysis techniques.
CASE OF UNBALANCE VOLTAGE
SINGLE PHASE UNDER VOLTAGE 5
UNBALANCE-This type of situation arises where
there a large single phase load in the system .In this 25 40 41 41 4. 5 5.6 44 15 1 5 1470
situation the voltage in that particular phase will be % 5 1 6 6 . 0 0 2
lower than the other two phase . 4
50 40 41 41 5. 6 6.3 54 22 1 5 1458
TWO PHASE UNDER VOLTAGE UNBALANCE- % 7 0 5 2 0 0 3
This type of situation arises when the load of three 10 40 40 41 7 7 8.4 72 40 2 9 1446
phase heavy load and don’t have enough 0 5 9 5 . 0 0 4
compensation .In this situation those two phase will % 8
have higher voltage drop than the third phase

THREE PHASE UNDER VOLTAGE

UNBALANCE-This type of situation arises when
Table of unbalance voltage
the load of three phase are a too heavy and not
R L L L I I I W W S S Speed
balance in the situation the three phase under
h L L L
voltage unbalance.
SINGLE PHASE OVER VOLTAGE
UNBALANCE-Capacitors are normally used to 0 38 41 39 3 2 5. 34 - 0 0 1405
compensate system reactive power .In order to % 2 0 3 . . 8 0 20
maintain a system voltage at rated value. If one of 7 5 0
the three phase voltage has been over compensated 2 38 40 38 5 3 6. 54 40 1 5 1460
,the voltage of this phase will be higher than the 5 1 1 9 . . 6 0 1
rated value. 8 2
5 38 40 38 6 3 7 63 12 1 6 1450
TWO PHASE OVER VOLTAGE UNBALANCE – 0 0 2 9 . . 0 0 4
If two of the three phase has been over 5 8
compensated, then the voltage of these two [hase 1 38 40 39 8. 8
74 20 5 1 5 1440
will be higher than the rated value. 0 0 8 2 2 0 0 . 8
Table of three phase balance voltage 0 1
Rh L L L I I I W W S S Speed
eo L L L
sat FORMULA=Torque=(S1-S2)*r*D.constant
.
0 40 41 41 3. 4 4.4 23 - 0 0 1480
% 5 1 6 5 . 0 80
THREE PHASE OVER VOLTAGE IEEE definitions-The IEEE definitions of voltage
UNBALANCE-If the three phase voltage over unbalance ,also known phase voltage unbalance
compensated to different degree ,than all these three rated is given by max. voltage magnitude
phase voltage will be higher tha the rated value and
not equal. This type of situation usually occurs at the circuit of three phase induction motor
line when a factory is shut down but capacitor are
still connected to the system.

COMPARISION OF VARIOUS DEFINITIONS

OFVOLTAGEUNBALANCE

The following definitions of the voltage unbalance

have been given according to different standard.

NEMA definitions-The NEMA definitions of

voltage also known as the line voltage unbalance
rated(LWR),is given by max. voltage deviation from
the average line voltage magnitude.

%LVUR=Average line voltage mangitude.

 A simple laboratory setup was doptedin which a
three phase induction motor connected to 400 volt Initially the machine is supplied three phase
,three phase supply through a star delta starter and a balanced supply &the result are observed in the
dc generator coupled to it was used as a load on the form of balance torque, voltage, speed.
machine .Investigated to analyze the performance of
the motor under unbalance & balance .It is clear When the unbalance is introduced in the unbalance
that during no load condition an unbalance and voltage of phase and torque, speed.
balance in the supply voltage causes the speed to
The result are of it can be observed in the form of
reduce gradually .During loaded condition ,it is
unbalance parameter of stator current, speed, torque
observed that an unbalance in the stator voltage
of the motor.
causes a drastic reduction in the speed of the motor.
Unbalance torque
SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE
UNBALANCE AND BALANCE OF AN
INDUCTION MOTOR

Semolina is an extremity powerful tool of MATLAB

.Semolina is an environment for multi domain
simulation and Model Based Design for dynamic
and embedded system .It provide an interactive
graphical environment and a customizable set of
block libraries that let you design ,simulate
,implement ,and test a variety of time varying
systems ,including ,controls ,signal processing,

SIMULINK MODEL MACHINE

SPECIFICATION ;Squirrel cage Induction
motor,5HP,200V,50HZ,1440rpm,Mutual Inductance
;0.2037H

Rotor resistance& Inductance =1.00ohm, 5.974mh

Stator resistance & inductance=1.115ohm, 5.974mh

Speed under voltage unbalance condition

 So,the result are obtained from the unbalance &balance
Voltage condtions justifies the abnormality of
The motor performance in the form of speed,
Torque.

Result of balance condition voltage

Result of balance voltage condition

GRAPH PLOT LOAD BETWEEN SLIP UNDER

BALANCE CONDITION
 conducting experimental analysis and simulation as
well as paper.
Using sufficient number of reading and extra
pollutions the single phasing condition can truly be
considered .As the unbalancing in the voltage source
can cause excessive losses, heating, noise, vibration
,torsional pulsations, slip ,torque, detecting of
unbalancing in the voltage applied is important .In
the case of unbalance voltage the efficiency and
average output torque of the machine would
decrease and the ripple would increase significantly
destructing the motor application. Hence it is
extremely essential to analyze the unbalance
condition of Induction machine.

REFERENCE;

GRAPH PLOT BETWEEN LOAD &SLIP UNDER 1. NEMA standardMGI12.45-1987,Voltage

UNBALANCE CONDITION Unbalance
2. Katanga raj, Premed Agawam ,S .P.Srivastav,
Performance Analysis of three phase square
cage Induction Motor under unbalanced
sinusoidal& balance non sinusoidal supply
voltage
 Lee, C.Y., Chin, B.W., Lee, W.J. and Hsu, Y.F.
“Effects of various unbalanced voltages on the
operation performance of an induction motor
under the same voltage unbalance factor condition
IEEE Conf. Industrial and Commercial Power
Systems Technical.
 H. R. Reed and R. J. Koopman, “Induction
motors on unbalanced voltages,” AIEE Trans
 I .J. Nagrat & D .P ,Kothari ,Electric Machines,
:Tata McGraw Hill Publisher
Graph plot between load & torque unbalance Arfat Siddique, G S Yadava, Bhim Singh, "Effects
condition of Voltage unbalance on induction motors" IEEE
Int. Conf Electrical Insulation,
. I. Faiz, H. Ebrahimpour and P. Pillay ‘Influence of
unbalance voltage on efficiency of three phase
squirrel cage induction motor and economic
analysis” IEEE Trans EC, Vol.47,
P. Pillay, P. Hoftman, and M. Manyage,
“Derating of induction motors operating with the
combination of unbalanced voltages and over or
under voltages,’’ IEEE Trans. EC, vol. 17, pp. 485
Motors and Generators , NEMA Standards
Publication
B.Ozpineci, L.M.Tolbert, ―Simulink
Implementation of Induction Machine Model-A
Modular Approach

Graph plot between load & torque under balance

condition
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE
An attempt is made to explain the basic abnormality
concerned with the three phase induction motor by