TWO STUDIES

IN

ROMAN NOMENCLATURE

D. R. SHACKLETON BAILEY

AMERICAN CLASSICAL STUDIES

NUMBER 3
 TWO STUDIES
IN
ROMAN NOMENCLATURE
D. R. SHACKLETON BAILEY

American Classical Studies

Number 3

The American Philological Association

1976
Copyright © 1976 The American Philological Association
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 PREFACE

Both of these p i e c e s owe a great d e a l to the acute and expert

c r i t i c i s m and the generous help and counsel of my colleague, P r o f e s s o r

E r n s t Badian. Another colleague, P r o f e s s o r G. W. Bowersock, read

1
and commented on an e a r l y d r a f t of the 'Onomasticon and has

smoothed the path to p u b l i c a t i o n i n other ways. P r o f e s s o r T. R. S.

Broughton has k i n d l y allowed me to p r o f i t from o b s e r v a t i o n s contained

i n h i s report as p u b l i s h e r ' s r e a d e r . These s c h o l a r s must not be

supposed to agree w^th a l l my contentions, and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r

e r r o r s and omissions i s n a t u r a l l y a l l mine.

I have a l s o to acknowledge f i n a n c i a l h e l p i n connexion with

t r a v e l and typing expenses from the funds of the Department of the

C l a s s i c s a t Harvard and to thank the custodians of c l a s s i c a l MSS in

the B r i t i s h Museum, the B i b l i o t h e q u e Nationale, the L a u r e n t i a n L i b r a r y ,

and the B i b l i o t e c a Nazionale i n F l o r e n c e f o r a l l o w i n g me to i n s p e c t

t h e i r t r e a s u r e s ( w i t h the exception of Laurentianus l i . 1 0 , which i s

j e a l o u s l y protected from s c h o l a r l y intrusion).

D. R. S. B.

Cambridge, Mass. 1976

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I. ONOMASTICON PSEUDOTULLIANUM

II. ADOPTIVE NOMENCLATURE IN THE LATE ROMAN REPUBLIC 79

 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

The following may be noted:

Broughton = T. R. S. Broughton, The. MagtAtAjateA o£ the. Roman

Re.pu.bLld, 2 v o l s , and Supplement, New York, 1951-1960

(references a r e to v o l . I I unless otherwise s t a t e d ) .

CIG = CoipiU In&cAsLp&Lonum Gsiazccvuim.

CIL = CoipuA Jn^cAlptionum LaXUmrtum.

Crawford = M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage,, 2 vols.,

Cambridge, 1974 ( r e f e r e n c e by i s s u e numbers).

Gruen, Lat>t GmexatLon = E. S. Gruen, The. LaAt Generation o{ the,

Roman RepubLui, Berkeley, 1974.

IG = InActvLptLoneA Gn.ae.cae..

IGRR = InAcniptLoneA Gn.azc.ae, ad Re* Romano* pentine.n£eA (Cagnat).

ILLRP = In^cniptloneA Latinae. LZbeAae, ReA. PubLLcae. (Degrassi).

XLS = ln&cJiiption<tt> latinae SeZectae. (Dessau).

Kajanto = I . Kajanto, The latin Cognomlna, H e l s i n k i , 1965.

vii
 viii

LoXtQAA to AttiauA = D. R. Shackleton B a i l e y , Ctc2A0*A LoZto/iA to

AZUJCUA, 1 v o l s . Cambridge, 1965-1971.

Onom. = OnomcLAtuion PAmdotulZAanum.

R E = Pauly-Wissowa, RojolzncyclopadLit dan. klaAA-Uchm AltQAtumwiAAm-

Acha&t.

Schmitthenner = W. Schmitthenner, Oktavian und daA Testament CoAOSU,

2nd ed., Munich, 1973.

Schulze, Etgrnnamm = w. Schulze, IUA GzAckLchtz laXoJjiiAdhvi

Eigmnamdn, B e r l i n , 1904.

Sumner, OlatOKA = G. V. Sumner, Thz OhxxtotiA Jin CAJLQ/IO1A BtiuutuA:

PtiOAopognjxphy and Cknonology, Toronto, 1973.

T a y l o r , Voting V>tit/UctA = L. R. T a y l o r , T h e Voting V*AtnM±tA o^

thz Roman Republic, Rome, 1960.

Tk&>. = TkzAauJuiA Linguae. Latinaz.

Weinrib = E . J . Weinrib, T h e family ConnzctionA o£ M . LiviuA VWUAUA

Libo (HaAvasid StadloM In ClaAAical Philology, 72 [1967].

pp. 247-278).

Wiseman, N e w M e n = T. P. Wiseman, Urn M e n In thz Roman Sdnat<L9

Oxford, 1971.
 I.
ONOMASTICON

PSEUDOTULLIANUM

1
 ONOMASTICON PSEUDOTULLIANUM

T h i r t y y e a r s or so of r e s e a r c h have been f r u i t f u l i n r e v e a l i n g and

often s o l v i n g problems of nomenclature i n C i c e r o ' s w r i t i n g s , espe-

c i a l l y the L e t t e r s and Speeches, but the r e s u l t s are often ignored.

Old mumpsimus remains i n standard t e x t s and reference books, nor can

s c h o l a r s whose i n t e r e s t s l i e elsewhere much be blamed for overlooking

the new information s c a t t e r e d i n books and p e r i o d i c a l s . A main ob-

j e c t of t h i s c o l l e c t i o n i s to make such ignorance l e s s excusable; but

I have a l s o incorporated a s u b s t a n t i a l amount of new material.

A number of t r a d i t i o n a l e r r o r s can be c o r r e c t e d from the evidence

of C i c e r o ' s MSS. Sometimes, as i n the notorious case of Sex. Cloelius

( a l i a s C l o d i u s ) , t h i s has been i n s u f f i c i e n t l y heeded, sometimes i t

has been i n a c c u r a t e l y or inadequately reported. R e l i a b l e apparatuses

are a v a i l a b l e for the L e t t e r s , except for some of ad VcLmJUUuVt^} for

which I have used c o l l a t i o n s made f o r my forthcoming e d i t i o n . But the

Speeches as a whole have s t i l l to be properly e d i t e d . I have checked

s e l e c t e d readings i n the four l i b r a r i e s mentioned i n the P r e f a c e w i t h

some i n t e r e s t i n g r e s u l t s .

Nearly a l l the names d i s c u s s e d are of persons who l i v e d during

Cicero's l i f e t i m e and belong to one of two classes: e i t h e r the names

themselves are wrong or a t l e a s t dubious; or they are wrongly or du-

biously a t t r i b u t e d , i . e . two i n d i v i d u a l s are amalgamated who ought

to be separate or v i c e v e r s a . Problems of i d e n t i t y which do not

3
 i n v o l v e such amalgamation or s e p a r a t i o n are not covered. Nor have I

included cases of acknowledged doubt on which there i s a t present no

new l i g h t to be shed, but I have i n c l u d e d a few genuine names which

have been u n j u s t l y suspected.

Names are l i s t e d as they appear i n R E , w i t h t h e i r R E numbers i n

brackets. Those not included i n RE are a s t e r i s k e d and l i s t e d as they

appear i n the most recent Oxford C l a s s i c a l Text. Names or p a r t s of

names which as l i s t e d are c e r t a i n l y or probably wrong are put i n

quotation-marks.

T. 'ACCIUS' ( l a )

See Munzer, R E , Suppl. 1.6. The name of C l u e n t i u s ' prosecutor

occurs many times i n C i c e r o ' s speech, the MSS being d i v i d e d between

' A t t i u s ' (read by C l a r k ) , ' A c t i u s , ' and 'Accius,' but preponderating

i n favour of the f i r s t . I n p a r t i c u l a r , the T u r i n palimpsest had

od&tsLvub i n one of the two p l a c e s where i t was a v a i l a b l e (145) and

a&Ll i n the other. I n frtitt. 271 the same person appears i n W i l k i n s '

Oxford Text as T. Medium Vi&CUdAZYi&zm, but again the MSS are d i v i d e d ,

only the F l o r e n t i n u s (F) being reported as reading kdCMim. Plin.

N.H. V I I . 128 o f f e r s Atio P<a>auAcnA£y who may have been the prosecutor*

f a t h e r or other r e l a t i v e . I n Quint. InAt. V.13.42 (see Halm's

apparatus) one of the two p r i n c i p a l MSS r e f e r s to him as 'Attius'

(so Winterbottom), the other as 'Appius' (Radermacher reads kcdiaA).

Munzer's o b s e r v a t i o n that ' A t t i i ' appear on two genuine i n s c r i p t i o n s

from Pisaurum, ' A c c i i ' on the more numerous f o r g e r i e s , would seem to

s e t t l e the question, though Munzer h i m s e l f remained undecided.

 5

M. ACILIUS (15)

The name and i d e n t i t y of the Proconsul i n S i c i l y to whom C i c e r o

wrote a s e r i e s o f recommendatory l e t t e r s i n 46-45 (Jam. X I I I . 3 0 - 3 9 )

i s an o l d problem: see CI. {£. 2 (1960). p. 257 n . l . I n the MSS of

Caes. B . C . I I I . 3 9 . 1 a Legate elsewhere c a l l e d M. A c i l i u s '

f
(III.15.6;

! !
no reason to read M'. [ U r s i n u s ] ) , o r simply Acilius, appears as

f ! 1 1
'Caninus' or C a n i n i u s or C a n i n i a n u s . 'Caninus' i s c l e a r l y r i g h t

i n view of the O s t i a n i n s c r i p t i o n (ILLRP 435)' r e c o r d i n g one M. A c i l i u s

M. f . Caninus as Quaestor Urbanus i n a year p r i o r to 28 B.C. (on

the A c i l i i i n O s t i a see R. Meiggs, R o m a n Ottia, pp. 507 f f . ) . He

may be Caesar's Legate or the Legate's son. But Caesar would not

1
use the s i n g l e cognomen i n t h i s one p l a c e and then r e t u r n to ' A c i l i u s

i n the next chapter. Meusel c o n j e c t u r e d '. KcMMiA} Cavu,vuiA.

B e t t e r ^AO.4ZAJJLA} CantnuA.

M. AEMILIUS (30) 'AVIANUS'

That t h i s man's cognomen was adoptive, 'Avianianus,' not 'Avianus'

or 'Avianius' ( ! ) , was demonstrated i n P t o c . Cam. VhUL. Soc. 5

(1958-9), p. 15; but 'the a r t i c l e has not had t h e a t t e n t i o n which i t

d e s e r v e s ' ( J . H. D'Arms, HaAv. Stud. In CI. VhJJL. 76 [1972]. p. 211

n.). I have to plead tnca/iMl myself f o r f a i l i n g to n o t i c e that the

t r u t h had a l r e a d y been p e r c e i v e d by S c h u l z e and apparently before him

by F. Marx (Eigennamm ['Berichtigungen und Nachtrage'], p. 5 8 4 ) .

*AETIDEMUS

I n Flacc. 52 the MSS have pytkodoXMi at idm l<Lpu>ovil (-e) , w i t h

the n e g l i g i b l e exception of P a r i s i n u s 7779 ( k ) , whence C l a r k takes

 6

PytkodotuL, KoXldml, L<LpU>on<U>. As recorded i n h i s apparatus, the

l a s t two of these names, being tvilvlLL, can be replaced by kfialudmi,

(R. K l o t z ) and Ep^Lgoru, ( B a i t e r ) . The former i s borne out i n the next

paragraph, and both a r e read by A. K l o t z . RE i s s i l e n t .

SEX. ALBEDIUS

Syme, HiAtohAJl, 4 (1955). p. 55, w r i t e s concerning the Senator

and Antonian p a r t i s a n mentioned i n P/uX. X I I I . 2 8 : 'The nomzn

[ A l b e s i u s ] happens not to be a t t e s t e d ; but i t would be premature to

s u b s t i t u t e the " A l b i d i u s " of three MSS., or " A l b e d i u s . C l a r k ' s

apparatus i n f a c t c i t e s three MSS f o r 'Albedius' (4>cc) , which i s

l i k e w i s e an unattested nomen, and two f o r ' A l b e s i u s . ' The l a t t e r

weigh somewhat h e a v i e r than the former, but i n the absence of the

Vaticanus the v o i c e of a u t h o r i t y i s muted. Syme i n c l i n e s to ' A l b i s i u s ,

'quoting an A l b i s i a Cn. f . Secunda from Nemausus; but i f he were a

G a l l i c Senator Cicero could s u r e l y have e x p l o i t e d the f a c t ' (Wiseman,

UosM Men, p. 210). However, Syme a l s o r e f e r r e d to h a l f a dozen i n -

s t a n c e s of ' A l b i s i u s ' c i t e d by Schulze (EAjQdnnamm, p. 1 1 9 ) . For

' A l b i d i u s ' see Tfoe6. 1.1496.15. Hon LLqu&t.

C. 'ALBINIUS' ( 1 )

The name of P. S e s t i u s ' f a t h e r - i n - l a w comes four times i n a

l e t t e r of recommendation (Fam. 321 [ X I I I . 8 ] ) ; three times out of the

four t h e paradosis i s 'Albanius' ( c f . Schulze, Elgannamm, p. 5 3 3 ) .

I n S&>£. 6 e d i t o r s read Albiru, and then Albino ( ! ) , but i n the second

p l a c e the best MS has albano. C. Albanius of k£t. 302 ( X I I I . 3 1 ) . 4

 7

i s probably the same man. Both g&ntLttcMl being w e l l a t t e s t e d , the

evidence p o i n t s c o n c l u s i v e l y to 'Albanius,' which would moreover be

the more l i a b l e to c o r r u p t i o n because of the f a m i l i a r cognomen

'Albinus.' I n CIL XV. 1445 ( c f . Broughton, Suppl. p. 59) L. StetluA

P. ^. Mb. QVLAJIIYUXZAM (probably P. S e s t i u s ' son) Alb. w i l l represent

'Albanianus' ( c f . Cato S a l o n i a n u s ) r a t h e r than, as h i t h e r t o supposed,

'Albinianus' or ' A l b i n i e n s i s . '

P. ALBINOVANUS (1)

Gruen, Lcu>t GmQAOtWYi, p. 301 n.150: 'Cicero g i v e s a c e r t a i n

"M. T u l l i u s " as the man who made the pOAtutcutio [against S e s t i u s ] ;

Ad Q. Fticut* 2.3.5. Elsewhere, he names the p r i n c i p a l prosecutor as

"Albinovanus"; In 3,41. The s c h o l i a s t s u p p l i e s a p ^ e n o m e n :

"P. Albinovanus"; S c h o l . Bob. 125, S t a n g l . S c h o l a r s have combined

them: "P. T u l l i u s Albinovanus." Perhaps. But that n e c e s s i t a t e s

emendation i n C i c e r o ' s t e x t . ' 'Perhaps' i s too generous. Klebs

r i g h t l y c a l l s the combination 'P. T u l l i u s Albinovanus' 'weder s a c h l i c h

notwendig, noch onomatologisch w a h r s c h e i n l i c h , ' Albinovanus being a

^(LYlUJLioJdxm. Nothing seems to preclude i d e n t i t y w i t h P. Albinovanus

( 2 ) , P o n t i f e x Minor i n 57 (Hot. R e ^ p . 1 2 ) .

*ALEDIUS

See LeJXeAA to AttlcuA, I V . pp. 303, 414. I n f i v e occurrences

'Aledius' i s the p a r a d o s i s t w i c e , 'Atedius' t w i c e , 'Aiedius' once.

Between the two f i r s t , both a t t e s t e d nomina, the odds look p r e t t y

w e l l even.
 8

ALIENUS (1)

I.e. A l l i e n u s , the normal s p e l l i n g i n i n s c r i p t i o n s . This repre-

s e n t a t i v e o f the nomen, which i s not a common one, i s named a s

hubbdAJjptoK to Q. C a e c i l i u s i n V*v. AJI Cacc. 48. A praenomen i s

evidently missing. T. (Eberhard) would e a s i l y f a l l out a f t e r kdbtt,

but the praenomen of C i c e r o ' s f r i e n d A. A l l i e n u s would f a l l out w i t h

equal ease. Despite the uncomplimentary nature of the r e f e r e n c e , this

could be the same person, s i n c e h i s f r i e n d l y r e l a t i o n s w i t h Cicero a r e

not a t t e s t e d u n t i l many years later.

AMBIVIUS (1)

The paradosis i n Cluznt. 163 i s A. Bivium quondam, coponem dz via.

Lcutcna, and C l a r k so reads. ' B i v i u s , ' a v a r i a n t of V i b i u s , i s found

o c c a s i o n a l l y i n i n s c r i p t i o n s (e.g., C I L X.456). But the more usual

reading Ambiviwn, following on Ennium quzndam and C e X ciuu&dam (cf.,

however, M. K^zUMxm quzndam i n 169), i s p r e f e r a b l e .

AMIANUS

As remarked i n my note on A£t. 115 (VI.1).13, he i s probably a

runaway s l a v e of A t t i c u s r a t h e r than a debtor, and the name may be

corrupt ( f o r Amiantus?) .

ANDRICUS

See MEANDER.

*ANNIANUS

Presumable husband, l o v e r , or c l o s e r e l a t i v e of a c e r t a i n

V i s e l l i a ( 4 ) , mentioned i n A t t . 416 (XV.13).4. H. Gundel's s c r u p l e

 9

(RE I X A.358.32; f o r Bd. I S.1258' read Bd. I S.2258') i s n e e d l e s s ;

f f

i f no other Annianus i s a t t e s t e d i n the r e p u b l i c a n p e r i o d , A n n i i a r e

p l e n t i f u l , making the d e r i v a t i v e (presumably adoptive) a s v a l i d as

Marcianus (A££. 255 [ X I I . 7 ] , 295 [ X I I . 5 3 ] ) , A u r e l i a n u s , B u c i l i a n u s , e t c .

T. ANNIUS (20-22)

Klebs l i s t s three persons so c a l l e d : (1) T. Annius (Velina),

a passable speaker of the S u l l a n period (Blwt* 178); (2) komo honQA&Ji-

AyunuA, >iec&66CVLAJLLA QX amicus inea4 of Cluznt. 78 ( c f . 1 8 2 ) , to whose

house Staienus had a n o c t u r n a l summons from Oppianicus; (3) Milo's

maternal grandfather and adoptive f a t h e r ( t h e t r a n s m i t t e d praenomen

C. i n Asconius 53.14, C l a r k , i s doubtless r i g h t l y s e t a s i d e ) . The

p o s s i b i l i t i e s of i d e n t i f i c a t i o n a r e to be considered. The t r i b e of

Number One i n d i c a t e s Picene o r i g i n . Number Two i s l i k e l y , though not

c e r t a i n , to have come from Larinum. Numbers Two and Three should

remain a p a r t , because i f C i c e r o had been i n f r i e n d l y r e l a t i o n s with

Milo's adoptive f a t h e r he would s u r e l y have mentioned the f a c t some-

where. Most probably we have t h r e e separate i d e n t i t i e s , and *T.

Annius T. f . Ouf. , a member of the con&MMim of 89 ( c f . T a y l o r , Voting

'dti>thJLoAl>> pp. 190 f . ) , i s l i k e l y to make a f o u r t h .

I n c i d e n t a l l y , some confusion e x i s t s about Number Two's c l a i m to

be a Senator. Broughton (p. 487) makes him one, w i t h date 66,

and i s followed by Gruen, Last GmeACUtLon, p. 195. Broughton c l a i m s

the same f o r L. R u t i l i u s ( F l a c c u s ) , w i t h date 72, and f o r P. S a t u r i u s ,

with date 74, who a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h Annius i n Ctmdnt. 182; c f . Gruen,

op. c i t . pp. 204, 202. S a t u r i u s ' s e n a t o r i a l s t a t u s ( i n 74) i s

 10

e s t a b l i s h e d by CludYVt. 107, but nothing d e f i n i t e l y proves i t f o r the

1
other two. They p a r t i c i p a t e d i n the i n v e s t i g a t i o n s i n t o O p p i a n i c u s

death i n 72 not as Senators but as family f r i e n d s ; c f . Clumt* 176

amid at kotpitzA Oppi&nici, 177 advocati.

T 1
M. ANNIUS (27) APPIUS

The name of t h i s s o l d i e r on whom Marius conferred Roman c i t i z e n -

s h i p by h i s own a u t h o r i t y r e s t s on Baib. 46, where the MSS have

(a) equiXate. M . hivuxxm ap[p)Aum . . . civttcutz donavit. lga.viw.citm M .

(Halm), based on nzqmt Iguvinatinm yieque. Camzfutium i n §47, i s gener-

a l l y read, d e s p i t e the oddity of the form (elsewhere t h e i n h a b i t a n t s

1 1
of Iguvium a r e c a l l e d ' I g u v i n i ; and c f . ' A n t i a s from Antium). In

the p e r s o n a l name the praenomen M . may be e l i m i n a t e d as r e p r e s e n t i n g

the f i n a l l e t t e r of Iguvinoutm* 'Annius Appius 1

could be praenomen

+ nomen; f o r the praenomen 'Annius' see Schulze, Eigzmiamm, p. 519.

I suspect i t a l s o l u r k s i n V a l . Max. V I I . 7 . 6 , where there i s mention

of a freedman of Naevius (22) Surdinus, namely, i n the g e n i t i v e ,

Naevi(i) A n i ( i ) . The cognomen, says Miinzer (RE XVI. 1568.45) i s

1
doubtful. Perhaps i t was 'Annius, which as a s l a v e name would f a l l

i n t o the same category as S t a t i u s , V i b i u s , and the l i k e . Note the

combination i n names of the f i r s t and second c e n t u r i e s A.D.: Appius

Annius (32) A t i l i u s Bradua and Appius Annius (49; c f . 50, 88, 125)

Gallus.

T. ANNIUS (67) MILO

Sometimes c a l l e d T. Annius Milo Papianus, perhaps erroneously;

see below, p. 103.

 11

ANNIUS (82) SATURNINUS

See CN. 'APULEIUS' SATURNINUS.

L. ANTISTIUS (12)

Badian (Pola and Imp&uum, Stud. E. T. Salmon (1974), p. 163 n.25)

i s l e s s confident than formerly i n the i d e n t i t y of the prosecutor of

T. M a t r i n i u s (Balb. 48) with * L . Reginus, Tribune i n 103, but s t i l l

thinks i t quite l i k e l y . I f not Reginus, he could w e l l be A n t i s t i u s

( 1 ) , the 'Priam of p r o s e c u t o r s , ' who seems to have p e r i s h e d i n S u l l a ' s

p r o s c r i p t i o n s (Ro4C. Am. 9 0 ) ; a l s o perhaps one'of the two A n t i s t i i

( A n t h e s t i i ) on the QJonbUJJxm of 129 ( o r 101, according to H. B.

Mattingly; see Badian, I . e . , p. 166); a l s o perhaps L. A n t e s t i u s

Gragulus, Moneyer ca. 140.

'PACUVIUS' ANTISTIUS (35) LABEO

H i s name was probably Pacuvius Labeo (praenomen unknown); see

below, p. 103.

C. ANTISTIUS (47) VETUS

I t has long been i n d i s p u t e whether the C a e s a r i a n o f f i c e r of t h i s

name i n 45 (Att. 363 [XIV.9].3; Dio, X L V I I . 2 7 . 2 ) , who became Praetor

i n 42 and Consul-Suffect i n 30, i s to be i d e n t i f i e d w i t h A n t i s t i u s

Vetus, Tribune i n 56 (Q.. PK. I I . 1 . 3 ) , and a Quaestor who i s u s u a l l y

supposed to have served under Caesar i n 61 ( P l u t . CaoJ>. 5.6). K l e b s 1

a f f i r m a t i v e p o s i t i o n has r e c e i v e d support from Gruen (Athmaoum,

49 [1971]. p. 6 3 ) . I n 1960 I was of the same opinion (CI. 0. 10

[ I 9 6 0 ] , p. 257 n . 4 ) . But Badian (CI. 0. 19 [1969]. pp. 200 f f . ) ;

 12

PolU and ImpeAAjum, Stud. E . T . S a l m o n [ 1 9 7 4 ] , pp. 145 f f . ) argues

p e r s u a s i v e l y to the c o n t r a r y , i d e n t i f y i n g t h e Tribune of 56 w i t h

C a e s a r ' s Quaestor and w i t h that L . A n t i s t i u s (13) who t r i e d a s

Tribune to b r i n g Caesar to t r i a l a t some time a f t e r h i s departure

f o r Gaul i n 58 (Suet. Till. 2 3 . 1 ) . He denies i d e n t i t y w i t h t h e Consul-

S u f f e c t on t h e ground t h a t 'no quaestor of 6 1 , of good f a m i l y and

favoured by Caesar, can p o s s i b l y have waited so long f o r a p r a e t o r -

ship. ' T h i s p o s i t i o n has one apparent weakness: the Quaestor men-

t i o n e d by P l u t a r c h was the son of a P r a e t o r under whom Caesar h i m s e l f

had served i n the same c a p a c i t y and owed h i s appointment ( i n 6 1 , as

u s u a l l y supposed) to Caesar: xauias e i s 'I$npfav e v i xwv axpaxnyajv

Bexepi auve£nX6ev oV auxov xe xiuwv aex SiexeAeae KOU XOV uiov iraXiv

auxos apx^v xauiav eVoincre. I t i s d i s c o n c e r t i n g to f i n d t h i s person

launching a p o l i t i c a l a t t a c k upon Caesar a few y e a r s l a t e r . Badian

held the i d e n t i f i c a t i o n to be n a t u r a l , but i f i t can be put out of the

way h i s c a s e can be accepted without more ado. L e t us then e l i m i n a t e

the Quaestor of 6 1 , a s Broughton d i d (pp. 180 and 214 n . 2 ) : 'It is

extremely improbable that the Quaestor of 61 and Tribune of 56 should

be i d e n t i f i e d w i t h t h e Consul S u f f e c t u s of 30 . . ., s i n c e Caesar made

(eiroinae) the l a t t e r Quaestor (Plut. 5 . 3 ) , a process h a r d l y w i t h

i n h i s power i n 6 1 . ' I formerly argued (CI. Q.. I . e . ) that eiroinae ad-

m i t t e d of other i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s ; but Broughton was r i g h t . He i s

f u r t h e r supported by P l u t a r c h ' s phrase auxos apxoov, which a p p l i e s

more n a t u r a l l y to C a e s a r ' s supremacy i n the f o r t i e s than to h i s

Proconsulship i n 61: c f . C<l(L. 24.7 irapa Kaiaapos apxovxos n6ri, Ant.

 13

Sv> KXa(36ios yev 'tfaxepov np£e • • • OUTOS ap^as ztf nyQv. Broughton

might seem to imply that 1

the Quaestor of 6 1 was an A n t i s t i u s Vetus,
1

but the absence of t h a t name from h i s l i s t f o r that year shows that

h i s words were not so intended. P l u t a r c h , then, r e f e r s to the f u t u r e

Consul-Suffeet, appointed Quaestor pro praetore by Caesar i n 45

(Broughton, p. 3 0 8 ) . H i s r e l a t i v e , the Tribune of 5 6 , has gained

from Badian a praenomen ( L . ) and an a d d i t i o n a l r o l e , but apart from

h i s a c t i v i t y i n o f f i c e nothing i s known of h i s c a r e e r .

'ANTIUS 1
(2)

On the c o n j e c t u r e ktoJjm ( i . e . C. Ateius [7] Capito) f o r AyvUum

i n Att. 91 ( I V . 1 7 ) . 4 see my note ad l o c . Watt so reads i n h i s Oxford

Text (1965).

1
'APENAS

I t i s s t i l l unaccountable t h a t (LomrtUYiAJi oplwix) should have sub-

s t i t u t e d t h i s odd i n v e n t i o n f o r the paradosis apeSvuxA (which does no

doubt r e p r e s e n t a p e r s o n a l name) i n A££. 82 ( I V . 8 a ) . l , but I formerly

f a i l e d to n o t i c e a v a l i d o b j e c t i o n to Turnebus 1
KpzJULoA, namely

that C i c e r o would have used t h e form ' A p e l l a . ' Apaltd may none t h e

l e s s be r i g h t , but I would now o b e l i z e .

P. APINIUS (1)

On the showing o f the MSS C l a r k was h a r d l y j u s t i f i e d i n reading

h i s c o n j e c t u r e P . Aponlo i n Atct. 7 5 . P . Aplnlo may be r i g h t (Schulze,

Eigznnamzn, p. 6 6 ) , but Papinio i s possible.

 14
1
APOLLODORUS (47) LAPHIRO'

Cf. VoAJi. I I . 2 . 1 9 . The second name was ' L a p i r o . ' See CIG 5595-6

= IG XIV.353-4.

CN. 'APULEIUS' (27) SATURNINUS

1
L. APULEIUS (30) SATURNINUS'

1
Klebs note on the former i s j u s t l y c a l l e d a s o r r y mess by Syme,

who showed (tfJutonJbx, 13 [1964]. pp. I l l , 121 f f . ) t h a t the L.

Appuleius who was Proconsul i n Macedonia i n 58 (Plane. 28) was not

Cn. Saturninus of Plane. 19, 27, 29 and has no c l a i m to the cognomen;

f u r t h e r , that t h i s Cn. Saturninus was almost c e r t a i n l y a S e n t i u s ,

son of C. S e n t i u s ( 3 ) , P r a e t o r i n 94 (or perhaps, as P r o f e s s o r Badian

has suggested to me, of h i s brother [ ? ] L. S e n t i u s [ 6 ] ; c f . Broughton,

p. 465) and f a t h e r to Cn. S e n t i u s aduleAeenA of Pom. 97 ( V I I I . 1 4 ) . 1 .

A Cn. Saturninus comes i n t o view i n 43 as h e i r to an e s t a t e along with

five others: Pom. 431 ( X I I . 2 6 ) . 1 Q.. Tu/uu.6, qui In k&/iiea negotiator

ebt, viA bona* zt honor tub, kojiedor {eeiX Aimllir 6ul, Cn. Satuinlnum

. . . . Syme proposes i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w i t h Annius (82) Saturninus

of ktt. 94 ( V . l ) . 2 , which the praenomen Gnaeus does not favour.

Why not Cn. ( S e n t i u s ) Saturninus s e n i o r ? As a P r a e t o r ' s son w i t h

s e r v i c e as M i l i t a r y Tribune ( ? ) i n ea. 67 (Plana, 27) he was on a

h i g h e r s o c i a l l e v e l than the negotiator T u r i u s , but AlfnAlAr i>ul

may mean no more than VAJLOA bonoA et honahto£>\ and C i c e r o mentions

him f i r s t . As f o r Annius Saturninus, s p e c u l a t i o n i s tempted i n

connexion w i t h Fannius (19) Saturninus of V a l . Max. VI.1.3 (should

'Annius' be 'Fannius,' or v i c e v e r s a ? ) . He i s s a i d to have seduced

 15

the daughter of a Knight, Pontius A u f i d i a n u s , w i t h the help of her

patdagoguU). Munzer q u i t e misread t h i s e d i f y i n g anecdote (RE V I .

1994.46, X X I I . 3 6 . 3 3 ) .

ARCHELAOS (14)

The anonymous High P r i e s t of Ma-Bellona a t Comana i n Cappadocia

mentioned i n Tarn. 110 (XV.4).6 should not be confused w i t h t h i s

Archelaus, who h e l d the corresponding o f f i c e a t Comana i n Pontus

(Strabo, p. 5 5 8 ) .

(AUFIDIUS?) (25) LURCO

J . L i n d e r s k i ' s exhaustive study i n HiAtotLUl, 23 (1974). pp. 463

f f . has proved ( a s h e l d by Wiseman, HsUtoXMl, 14 (1965). pp. 333 f .

and Gruen, LaAt Gm&ioutlon, p. 188 n.93) t h a t t h i s man i s not to be

a s s o c i a t e d w i t h L i v i a Augusta's grandfather A l f i d i u s , notwithstanding

Suet. Cat. 23.2.

AURELIA (261) ORESTILLA

Munzer was c l e a r l y r i g h t to take ' A u r e l i a ' and ' L o l l i a ' i n Fa/n.

189 (IX.22) .4 ('simply names of women taken a t random' T y r r e l l and

Purser) f o r t h e notorious wives of C a t i l i n e and A. Gabinius r e -

s p e c t i v e l y (RE X I I I . 1 3 9 4 . 2 ) .

M. AXIANUS

P r o f e s s o r Badian h a s pointed out to me t h a t the o b j e c t i o n

r a i s e d i n my note to the reading M . kxA.amxm f o r maxlanam or nuxAjnam

inA£t. 408 (XV.29).l, t h a t i t would be v e r y unusual to r e f e r to a

 16

man by praenomen + adoptive cognomen, i s not c o n c l u s i v e . The only

contemporary i n s t a n c e known to me i s t h a t of C. (Appuleius) Decianus

i n Rab. Pe/id. R . 24 f . ; and we cannot be t o t a l l y c e r t a i n that the cog-

nomen 'Decianus* was i n h i s case adoptive. But i t appears t h a t a t

t h i s p e r i o d such a cognomen might be t r e a t e d l i k e any other and become

h e r e d i t a r y (see below, p. 84). 'M. Axianus' can be supported by

a prosopographical argument. The Senator Q. Axius had a son whom

Cicero c a l l s ' G a l l i u s ' (Att. 202 [X.11J.2, 207 [X.15].4). He

also refers (Att. 235 [XI.20].2) to 'M. G a l l i u s Q. f . , ' which i m p l i e s

the contemporary e x i s t e n c e of another M. G a l l i u s who was not son of

Quintus; c f . F a m . 427 ( X I . 2 2 ) . l Appio Claudio C. ^. (whose n a t u r a l

brother had become by adoption Ap. Claudius Ap. f . ) and Att. 114

(V.21).13 (L.) Laccexo6 M . tf. M. G a l l i u s (5) Q. f . was doubtless

the son of Q. G a l l i u s ( 6 ) , pr. 65, who along w i t h h i s b r o t h e r , another

Q. G a l l i u s , prosecuted C a l i d i u s i n 51 (Vam- 81 [ V I I I . 4 ] . 1 ) . This

M. G a l l i u s was w i t h Antony at Mutina (Pkil. X I I I . 2 6 ; App. B.C.

III.95). His brother Q. G a l l i u s (7) might, as suggested i n my note

on Att* 207 (X.15).4, be the n a t u r a l son of Axius. But then there

i s no s l o t i n which to put the other M. G a l l i u s . H e could be

Axius' son, adopted by an unknown M. G a l l i u s (perhaps a brother of

the P r a e t o r of 6 5 ) : M. G a l l i u s M. f. Axianus.

BABULLIUS

A man of that name died i n 45 ( A t t . 345 [XIII.48] .1). In Q..

I I I . 1.3 the text seems to be c o r r u p t : fiundum audio to, nunc bobiZ[l)~

ianum \JQXJL<L l&tinoAZ. Watt reads Boviltanum (Lambinus), but the

property i n question appears to have been near Arpinum. Probably a

 17

personal name ( a d j e c t i v a l ) i s concealed, but not Fu^idJjanum

(Constans). hunc need not imply that the p l a c e i s the ' F u f i d i a n u s

fundus 1
of which C i c e r o h a s been w r i t i n g ; i n f a c t i t i s c l e a r l y not

the same. The F u f i d i a n property had only j u s t been bought f o r Quintus,

so why should t h e r e be any question about h i s keeping i t ? BabuZ(Z)-

4/inum or BabuZeianum would be c l o s e to t h e p a r a d o s i s , but of course

we cannot be s u r e . Note CIL X.5370 (found near the L i r i s , not f a r

from Interamna) AJteti actum poA fiundum BabuZeAjanum In fiundum

FlamlnZanum.

P. BAGIENNUS

A s i n i u s P o l l i o w r i t e s i n 43 (Fain. 409 [ X . 3 3 ] . 4 ) : nunc haec mXKZ

ACAibuntuA, kntonium . . . habere equltum <I7>, LegioneA tub t>ignu>

aAmata* tnJiA oZ P. [pupWUL codd.; c f . Fam. 281 [ X I I I . 1 4 ] . l ) Baglonnl

unum, InOAMUi bene muZtoA. The Bagienni were a L i g u r i a n people, and

here we seem to have an e t h n i c cognomen l i k e S a l a s s u s , Cimber, e t c .

I t r e c u r s a s the name o f a c e n t u r i o n i n C I L I I I . 1 3 4 8 1 (Pannonia).

1
'BALBILIUS

I n Att. 416 (XV.13).4 BalbUZum i s to be read f o r balbUMxm and

understood a s a mock-affectionate r e f e r e n c e to the younger L.

Cornelius Balbus; see my note ad l o c .

BALBINUS ( 1 )

My note on A t t . 351 ( X I I I . 2 1 ) . 3 favours L. R. T a y l o r ' s suggestion

that here too i s the younger C o r n e l i u s Balbus, but t h i s i s f a r from

certain. -inuA i s not a diminutive l i k e -JJULuA. See a l s o under

(CAECILIUS) METELLUS.
 18

BARBATIUS

M. B a r b a t i u s P h i l i p p u s , a runaway s l a v e who became P r a e t o r , i s

to be d i s t i n g u i s h e d from M. B a r b a t i u s P o l l i o , Quaestor i n 41; and i n

VKUL. XIII.3 M a nau&nagla Ca&>a/uA amldoK.ix.rn, BoJiba* COAAIOA,

BahJoatloh VoVLlonUi two persons a r e named, not three ( a s supposed by

e d i t o r s who put a comma a f t e r BaAbatloA) . So Syme, HlbtoKla, 4

(1955). p. 57.

BELLIENUS (7)

On the reading Bfiltiznt VQJIVWL Vmet/uiiA f o r BdULimuA v&im

V&noXAlln Fam. 149 ( V I I I . 1 5 ) . 2 see Pxoc. Cam. Villi. Soc. 5 (1958-9).

pp. 11 f f . The man's name w i l l have been B e l l i e n u s (or B i l l i e n u s )

Demetrius (praenomen unknown). Klebs and Miinzer (RE IV.2803.11) mis-

takenly i d e n t i f y him w i t h the Demetrius mentioned i n Fain. 186

(XVI.17) and two other l e t t e r s w r i t t e n to T i r o i n 46 (not 4 5 ) . That

person may or may not have been Pompey's freedman Demetrius of Gadara.

I d e n t i t y has a l s o been suggested w i t h Caesar's freedman Demetrius

( 5 2 ) , who executed Q. Labienus i n 39; but the name i s extremely common.

'BRULLA'

A p a s s i o n a t e d i c e r mentioned i n do. Ghat. I I I . 8 8 aLil . . .

vehem&ntiuA quam cauAa pohtalat deZzctantun,, at Titiiu ptta, BnxjJUa

taJLiA. But the cognomen i n v i t e s s u s p i c i o n . W i l k i n s wondered whether

i t might be a contemptuous nickname f o r Brutus the Prosecutor. More

l i k e l y , as Reid surmised, a c o r r u p t i o n of bh.ata6 due to pita.

But devotion to d i c e suggests c o n v i v i a l h a b i t s which might get a

man to be c a l l e d ' T r u l l a ; ' c f . L. V a r i u s C o t y l a ( o r C o t y l o ) .

 19
1
'BURRIENUS ( c f . s.v. B o s t r a )

My c o n j e c t u r e BuWilvLnum i n £. Tn. 1 1 . 1 1 . 3 (J.R.S. 4 5 [ 1 9 5 5 ] . p.

36) has suggested to Wiseman (Mow M e n , p. 217) that there may be a

pun on the nomen 'Burrienus.' The person r e f e r r e d to might thus be a

son of the P r a e t o r Urbanus of 8 3 , mentioned i n QuuLnct. 25 e t a l .

(so Wiseman), or even t h a t P r a e t o r h i m s e l f . I n s p e c t i o n of the MSS

has r e v e a l e d t h a t the P r a e t o r ' s name was probably Burrenus, not

Burrienus. I t occurs three times i n C i c e r o ' s speech (Quu.nct. 2 5 , 3 0 ,

6 9 ) , and i n t h e second and t h i r d p l a c e s (not merely i n the second,

as e d i t o r s record) our c h i e f w i t n e s s , P a r i s i n u s 14749 (£), has

buAJiznt. Support f o r 'Burrenus' i s a l s o forthcoming from other MSS.

Laurentianus x l v i i i . 1 0 (A) has (a.)b uAAieno (25) and buJObiznl ( 3 0 ) ,

but bvJVMLnl i n 6 9 ; s i m i l a r l y Regius P a r i s i n u s 7774 (R) and Lauren-

tianus x l v i i i . 25 ( x ) , except that i n 69 the l a t t e r p r e s e n t s only

the l e t t e r 'b' followed by a space. Laurentianus l i i . l (<J>) has

buWizno, buJUtznt, and i n 69 a c o r r u p t i o n common to s e v e r a l of the

i n f e r i o r MSS, i n c l u d i n g S. Marci 255 (b; now F l o r . B i b l . Nat. I . i v . 4 ) ,

which i n the f i r s t two passages has (a)b ucULtzno and buozni, and

P a r i s i n u s 7 7 7 9 , which e a r l i e r has [a)b uJitdno and bu/iizni. The

v a r i a n t s i n the l e t t e r to Quintus a r e e v i d e n t l y d e r i v e d from

bu/Vi&mim or bu/iAhznum. Adopting Wiseman's suggestion, I would now

read BuAA&num i n the l e t t e r as a pun on the herb bu/iAkZnum, [buAAkZnon)

'ox-nose 1
(not buAAhZaon, as Lewis and S h o r t ) .

*(CAECILIUS) METELLUS

C i c e r o ends a l e t t e r to A t t i c u s (351 [ X I I I . 2 1 ] ) of August 45 w i t h

a request f o r information about c e r t a i n items of c u r r e n t gossip, and

 20

i n conclusion: at dz ZKitonio, 4>i quid ZAt cztiti, nz dz lAztztto dt

Batbino (on the readings see my [Cambridge] e d i t i o n ) . Balbinus may

p o s s i b l y be the younger C o r n e l i u s Balbus (but see above). Metellus

could be L. C a e c i l i u s (75) M e t e l l u s , Tribune i n 49; but nothing i s

heard of him a f t e r 48, when he seems to have returned to I t a l y only

to be ordered out by Caesar (Att. 218 [ X I . 7 ] . 2 ) — u n l e s s he was the

Antonian p a r t i s a n C a e c i l i u s (70) Metellus whom Octavian pardoned a f t e r

Actium. I would suggest another p o s s i b i l i t y f o r what i t i s worth.

The notorious C a e c i l i a (137) M e t e l l a , probably daughter to Q.

Metellus C e l e r and C l o d i a (LoAtZHA to AttLztxA, V, pp. 412 f . ; c f .

Wiseman, Cinna thz Vozt [1974], pp. 112, 188 f f . ) , had been involved

with C i c e r o ' s son-in-law D o l a b e l l a i n J u l y 47 (Att. 232 [XI.23].3),

and her d i v o r c e from the younger Lentulus Spinther i s mentioned i n

a l e t t e r of June 45 (Att. 314 [XIII.7]). According to Porphyrio on

Hor. Sat. I I . 3 . 2 3 9 she went on to marry another scandalous c h a r a c t e r ,

the son of the t r a g i c a c t o r Aesopus ( c f . Att. 226 [XI.15].3). A

rumoured a f f a i r w i t h the younger Balbus or anybody e l s e soon a f t e r

the d i v o r c e would be w e l l i n keeping, and MS a u t h o r i t y i s a t a

discount here. A c o p y i s t would need to be wide awake to preserve

mztztta between cAitonio and baJLbi.no.

CAELIUS (2)

C a e l i u s the banker i s a figment; see my note on Att. 126

( V I I . 3) .11.
 21

C. 'CAELIUS' ( 7 )

On t h e showing of the Mediceus i n Fam. 84 ( V I I I . 8 ) . 6 - 8 the nomen

of the Caesarian Tribune i n 51 was more probably ' C o e l i u s . ' The

generally r e c e i v e d i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w i t h C. C a e l i u s Rufus, whose name

survives on a s t a t u e base found a t Demetrias i n Thessaly, should i n

any case be given up, a s demonstrated i n a paper read a t the f i r s t

'Colloquium Tullianum' i n 1972. The p u b l i c a t i o n of i t s cicAa i s now

said to be imminent ( J u l y 1976) .

M. 'CAELIUS' (14)

The name of t h e Roman Knight mentioned i n II.4.37 i s

quite l i k e l y ' C o e l i u s , ' a s read by A. K l o t z and o t h e r s . So the P a r i s

MSS i n Peterson's apparatus, except 7776 ( p ) , which has cJLo ztio,

with the l e t t e r s 'o e' over an e r a s u r e . But cXodtio i s i n Harleianus

2687 ( r ) and Laurentianus xlviii.29 (q). Harleianus 4105 (Z) has

dttu. N a t u r a l l y ' C l o e l i u s ' corrupts more e a s i l y i n t o ' C o e l i u s '

or ' C a e l i u s ' ( o r 'Clodius'!) than v i c e v e r s a .

Q. 'CAELIUS' (14)

' S i m i l a r l y t h e Antonian Q. C a e l i u s ( P f u X . X I I I , 3 ; 26) i s

presumably a C o e l i u s ' (Syme, J.R.S. 53 [1963]. p. 55 n.4). His

praenomen so i n d i c a t e s .

T. 'CAELIUS' (15)

Of T a r r a c i n a (RoAC. Am. 64). Wiseman (CI. Rev. 17 [1967]. pp.

263 f.) points out that the nomen was ' C l o e l i u s ' ( o r ' C l o i l i u s ' or

' C l o u l i u s ' ) ; so i n C i c e r o ' s MSS (or ctoctium; clodlum i n a couple

 22

of minor ones). The MSS of V a l e r i u s Maximus ( V I I I . 1 . a b s . 1 3 ) have

C&dLLl, but a l s o coztiaA ( c o r r e c t Wiseman) .

C. 'CAESIUS' (3a)

0. E. Schmidt's needless c o n j e c t u r e CaeAlo f o r cecio or cztio

i n Att. 178 ( I X . l l ) . l (and CatUu& f o r cla)zcMu ibid. 180 [IX.13].7)

invaded some t e x t s and r e c e i v e d Miinzer's countenance i n RE Suppl. 1.270

For the nomen 'Caecius' s e e Tka>. Suppl. I I I .

SEX. 'CAESIUS' (13)

f
I n Flacc. 68 the p r i n c i p a l MS h a s ceAAjjuum, which i s more l i k e l y

to r e p r e s e n t C[a)eAinium or Z\ci) (LAiUxxm than CaeAAMm. ' So I wrote,

depending on t h e published apparatuses. I have now found t h a t t h i s

MS ( I , i . e . P a r i s i n u s 14749) h a s , a t any r a t e to my eyes, ceAAjuwn.

CZAAum appears i n Laurentianus x l v i i i . 2 5 ( x ) , and so the c o r r e c t o r

2

of S. Marci 255 (b , the v a l u e of which I suspect has been o v e r r a t e d ) ,

but others of the MSS a r e s i g n i f i c a n t l y corrupt (ex£unum Laurentianus

lii.l [(J>], mvujum b; i n Laurentianus x l v i i i . 1 0 [A] the name i s r e p r e -

sented by a vacant s p a c e ) . CcLZAAMUim should be read.

*CALPURNIUS
1
T y r r e l l and P u r s e r thought that Antony s emissary to C i c e r o i n

49 (ktt. 199 A [X.8 A].2) may have been e i t h e r L . P i s o , Consul i n 58,

or C. Antonius 1
Legate i n 43 (RE Suppl. I I I . 2 3 0 ) , who was another L.

P i s o (Calpurnius 73 a ) . The former i s out of the question f o r obvious

reasons. T h i s C a l p u r n i u s was probably a nobody; c f . C i c e r o ' s friend

L. Calpurnius i n C a e c . 35. Syme observes (HLbtolML, 4 [1955]. p. 58):

'The Pisones, l i k e other nobll(U>9 tended to eschew the gmtitixuwn. ...

 23

Whether r e f e r r e d to by one name or by two, they w i l l seldom be c a l l e d

"Calpurnii. ' 11
T h i s , of course, does not hold good f o r all noble f a m i l i e s ,

not, e.g., f o r t h e D o m i t i i Ahenobarbi o r the C a s s i i L o n g i n i .

C. CALVISIUS (13) SABINUS

C a l v i s i u s of Fam- 403 (X.25).3 and 424 (X.26).3 i s s u r e l y to be

d i s t i n g u i s h e d from the obnoxious Sabinus, d e s p i t e Munzer's c o n t r a r y

assumption i n RE I I I . 1 4 1 2 . 3 6 .

C. CANINIUS (9) REBILUS

On the former v u l g a t e T . Rqhihxm i n A££* 1 8 3 ( I X . 1 5 ) . 4 , now r e -

placed by TKoJocuLLum, see my note and pJtoc. Cam. Pkil. Soa. 4 (1956-57) .

pp. 17 f f .

*CASSIUS

(). F * . I I . 1 . 2 of December 57 mentions a Tribune of t h i s name

along w i t h C. Cato. 'Shackleton B a i l e y , P[n.oc.) C[am.) P[hJJL.) S[oc.)

187 ( 1 9 6 2 ) , 1 , wishes to emend him out of e x i s t e n c e , suggesting

Caninius as a s u b s t i t u t e — f o r no good reason.' So Gruen, LcU>t

GmeSia£Lon, p. 182 n.73 (on p. 297 n.136 t h i s proposal i s n o t i c e d

again, without comment), who unwarrantably makes him a C a s s i u s Longinus.

Without t h i s otherwise unknown C a s s i u s we have the names of nine out

of the t e n Tribunes of 5 7 - 5 6 , i f L. P r o c i l i u s i s s t i l l included (aont/ta

J. L i n d e r s k i , Stud. t. VoltoAAa, [ 1 9 6 9 ] , pp. 290 f f . ) . One of them

was L. Caninius G a l l u s , who i s coupled w i t h C. Cato i n F a m . 13 ( I . 2 ) . 4

and 14 ( I . 4 ) . l , admittedly i n a d i f f e r e n t p o l i t i c a l context. He has

no sure r i g h t of entry here, but should, I think, remain i n the wings.

 24

L. CASSIUS (13)

As a separate e n t i t y l e t him disappear. A L. C a s s i u s was on

V e r r e s ' j u r y i n 70 (1/e/tA. 1.30), ex famiLta cum ad cvtQJuaA turn ad

Ajudlcandum &cv&UA&Ajma ( e v i d e n t l y , t h e r e f o r e , a Longinus); and a

L. C a s s i u s was on Oppianicus' j u r y i n 74: Clucnt. 107 L. CahbAjub,

Cn. HQAJUA [but see H E I U S ] , paKl at IntcghJUbxtc e£ pmdcntia. This

l a t t e r L. C a s s i u s i s g e n e r a l l y i d e n t i f i e d w i t h L. C a s s i u s Longinus,

Praetor i n 66. Why separate the former, a s do Munzer, Broughton, and

Gruen? I s i t because, as C i c e r o informs u s , he was M i l i t a r y Tribune-

E l e c t a t the time of V e r r e s ' t r i a l ? But that does not r u l e him out

as a Senator i n 74. Two other j u r o r s a r e named along with him as

M i l i t a r y T r i b u n e s - E l e c t , M. Crepereius and Cn. T r e m e l l i u s Scrofa,

the l a t t e r of whom had been Quaestor i n 71.

L. CASTRINIUS PAETUS

'L. C a s t r i n i u s Paetus, im J . 703 = 51 von C a e l . b e i C i c . ad fam.

r f
V I I I 2, 2 erwahnt, und C. [read L . ] C a s t r o n i u s Paetus aus Luca, von C i c .

ad fam. X I I I 13 im J . 708 = 46 dem Brutus empfohlen, s i n d vielleicht

identisch 1
(Munzer, R E Suppl. I . 278 f . ) . Schulze (Elgcnnamcn,

1
p. 266 n . l ) suggests that ' C a s t r i n i u s and ' C a s t r o n i u s ' may be i n t e r -

changeable forms, which seems h a r d l y l i k e l y . A manuscript e r r o r i s

probable, but not by any means c e r t a i n ; see under TITIUS STRABO.

'CATO' ( c f . C. P o r c i u s [ 6 ] Cato)

See GUTTA.
 25

*C. CAUDINUS

Broughton's suggestion (p. 489) that C. Caudinus, j u r o r i n the

Oppianicus case (Client. 107), was a C o r n e l i u s L e n t u l u s has to be

r e j e c t e d ; see Wiseman, Weto M e n , p. 223, and Gruen, Lcttt GeneAouLLon,

p. 202 n.155 ( c f . Schulze, Elgennamm, p. 1 4 8 ) .

L. CLAUDIUS (21)

Named a s Rex Sacrorum i n HoJi. R&Sp. 12. Suetonius (Tib. 1.2)

s t a t e s t h a t t h e p a t r i c i a n C l a u d i i by common consent banned the praenomen

1
'Lucius a f t e r two of them who bore i t had beeri c o n v i c t e d on c r i m i n a l

counts. S i n c e t h i s c l e a r l y happened before the C i c e r o n i a n period, the

praenomen i n the speech h a s been thought, a s by Munzer, to be c o r r u p t .

L. R. T a y l o r , however, p o i n t s to L . C l a u d i u s ( 2 2 ) , Praetor i n 174, and

L. Claudius ( 2 3 ) , one of t h e c o n s u l a r consilium i n 73, concluding

that an obscure branch of t h e gens d i d not comply w i t h t h e Suetonian

p r o h i b i t i o n (Voting Vtbt/uxitA, P- 2 0 3
)• B u t
these two C l a u d i i may

not have been p a t r i c i a n s . I f t e x t u a l c o r r u p t i o n i s indeed the answer,

perhaps i t i s to be looked f o r i n the nomen r a t h e r than the praenomen.

Nothing could w e l l be e a s i e r than f o r cZaudluA to r e p l a c e (JLoiiLUxA.

The p a t r i c i a n C l o u l i i or C l o e l i i drop i n t o o b s c u r i t y a f t e r t h e f i r s t half

of t h e f o u r t h century, but o c c a s i o n a l n o t i c e s show that they had not

become e x t i n c t . The l a s t c e r t a i n r e p r e s e n t a t i v e i s P. C l o e l i u s ( 9 )

S i c u l u s , appointed Rex Sacrorum i n 1 8 0 — h e i s the l a s t recorded Rex

Sacrorum u n t i l 56. But the Moneyer *T. C l o u l i u s CCL. 125, the

Quaestor ( ? ) T. C l o u l i u s ecu 95 ( 5 ; see Wiseman, CI. R e v . 17 [1967].

pp. 263 f . ) , S u l l a ' s t h i r d w i f e C l o e l i a ( 1 4 ) , and the Senator Q.

 26

Cloelius (4) M . f. i n 39 may have c a r r i e d on t h e l i n e . See a l s o , i n

c o n n e x i o n w i t h P. C l o d i u s T
l i e u t e n a n t Sex. C l o e l i u s , my n o t e on Att-

30 ( I I . 1 2 ) . 2 kth&ilonz- The d i g n i t y o f Rex Sacrorum, w h i c h was

r e s t r i c t e d t o p a t r i c i a n s and d i s q u a l i f i e d i t s h o l d e r f r o m o t h e r public

o f f i c e , m i g h t f i t l y be c o n f e r r e d upon t h e descendant o f a p r e v i o u s

h o l d e r , a man who presumably l a c k e d w e a l t h and connexions f o r po-

l i t i c a l advancement. I t should be added t h a t t h e praenomen 'Lucius'

i s n o t a t t e s t e d i n t h e gens C l o e l i a , b u t t h a t h a r d l y signifies.

Recorded C l o e l i i a r e n o t numerous, and o t h e r common praenomina,

'Quintus' and 'Marcus,' though a t t e s t e d among them, a r e v e r y r a r e .

C. CLAUDIUS (215) MARCELLUS

'Another C. M a r c e l l u s had a l s o been connected w i t h t h e C a t i l i n a r i a n

schemes i n v o l v i n g t h e g l a d i a t o r s o f Capua, and h i s f a t h e r Marcus was

a AodaLtA o f C a t i l i n e himself; b o t h these men were a c c e s s o r i e s t o a

C a t i l i n a r i a n r i s i n g among t h e P a e l i g n i ' (Wiseman,.CI. £ . 18 [1968].

pp. 300 f . ) . A footnote goes so f a r as t o suggest i d e n t i t y w i t h t h e

Consul o f 4 9 . However, a c c o r d i n g t o t h e b e s t m a n u s c r i p t t r a d i t i o n t h e

f r i e n d o f C a t i l i n e t o whom C i c e r o r e f e r s i n CdtiZ. 1.19 was a

Metellus, and t h e name so appears i n Q u i n t i l i a n ' s c i t a t i o n i n In&t.

I X . 2 . 4 5 , though w i t h o u t t h e praenomen M . w h i c h i s found i n C i c e r o ' s

l e s s a u t h o r i t a t i v e MSS ( r e a d i n g M . UaJiceXJLum) . Modern e d i t o r s read

M . M e X e £ £ u m , s i n c e , a t any r a t e i f ttetztlum i s r i g h t , a praenomen i s

needed t o d i s t i n g u i s h f r o m £. ttoXdlZum p r e c e d i n g . For C a t i l i n a r i a n

M a r c e l l i we a r e l e f t w i t h Sz6t. 9 and Oros. V I . 6 . 7 . According t o the

f i r s t , one C. M a r c e l l u s v i s i t e d Capua i n 63 and t o o k up w i t h a g l a d i a t o r

t r o u p e (cum . . . 4 e qucui asimoium htadlo In maxAnam &amLlLam

 27

COnieciAA&£). S e s t i u s t h r e w h i m o u t o f t h e town. Orosius, having

d i s m i s s e d t h e c o n s p i r a c y i n Rome and t h e f i g h t i n g i n E t r u r i a as t o o

f a m i l i a r t o need r e t e l l i n g , r a t h e r o d d l y adds t h a t a f a t h e r and son,

M a r c e l l i , caused d i s t u r b a n c e s among t h e P a e l i g n i and t h a t one o f them

was punished (vindicatuA) t h e r e by B i b u l u s , t h e o t h e r by (Q.) C i c e r o

in the country o f the B r u t t i i . The evidence seems t o make f o r

caution. Could i t be t h a t these obscure a g i t a t o r s belonged, n o t

to t h e n o b l e house o f t h e C l a u d i i M a r c e l l i , b u t t o a l e s s e r breed?

The l a t e R e p u b l i c has a t l e a s t one i g n o b l e M a r c e l l u s t o show; see

MINDIUS..

L. CLODIUS (9)

Miinzer assumes i d e n t i t y between Ap. C l a u d i u s Pulcher's

P r a e f e c t u s Fabrum i n 51 (Fam. 67 [ I I I . 4 ] . l , e t a l . ) and t h e T r i b u n e -

E l e c t recommended by C i c e r o t o M. B r u t u s i n 43 (ad Bfiu£. 6 ) . The

1
question-mark i n Broughton s index i s prudent, f o r i n view o f t h e

abundance o f C l o d i i t h e y were p r o b a b l y s e p a r a t e . Munzer was m i s t a k e n

i n s e e i n g e i t h e r i n Att. 416 (XV.13).3, where t h e MSS prove that

C i c e r o r e f e r s t o Sex. C l o e l i u s .

1
SEX. CLODIUS 1
(12)

That t h e nomen o f P. C l o d i u s P u l c h e r ' s p r i n c i p a l l i e u t e n a n t was

C l o e l i u s , n o t C l o d i u s , was f i r s t demonstrated on t h e evidence o f

C i c e r o ' s MSS i n CI. 0 . 10 ( 1 9 6 0 ) . 4 1 f . and i s now g e n e r a l l y a d -

mitted. For a ( h o p e f u l l y ) f i n a l d i s c u s s i o n see t h e ( a s o f now, J u l y

1976) f o r t h c o m i n g acta o f t h e f i r s t Colloquium Tullicuium (1972).

1
See a l s o T. 'CAELIUS.
 28
l l
* COCTIUS

I n Earn. 180 ( I X . 4 ) , to Varro of 4 6 , dz Coctio mlhl giaXum eAt,

e d i t o r s o b e l i z e the u n a t t e s t e d nomen, f o r which Corradus conjectured

COCCZAJO. A p a l a e o g r a p h i c a l l y c l o s e r , indeed almost i d e n t i c a l , sub-

s t i t u t e would be Cottio. On C o t t i i see Wiseman, Nzu) Men, p. 2 2 7 .

Two of them, omitted i n RE, occur i n \)zhA. I I . 5 . 1 6 5 M. zt P . CottLL,

nobiLiA&iml komwizk ex agio TauAomzvutano. Izgz Coctla ( v . l . coc(c)^i)

i n Att. 89 ( I V . 1 6 ) . 8 , where t h e context makes f o r ClodtcL, remains a

puzzle.

Q. COELIUS (20) LATINIENSIS

T h i s , not ' C a e l i u s , 1
i s t h e r i g h t nomen i n Lzg. Man. 58: see

Syme, J.R.S. 53 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . p. 55 (where he i s i n a d v e r t e n t l y c a l l e d

'Latinianus ), r
Wiseman, Mow Men, p. 2 2 5 . The p a r a d o s i s i s czZiuA.

L. 'CONSIDIUS' (4)

Named twice i n Lzg. Agti. 11.92 f . as s e l f - s t y l e d Praetor of the

new colony of Capua along w i t h Sex. S a l t i u s ( a very r a r e nomen). I n

the f i r s t p l a c e the MSS a r e d i v i d e d , but the s u p e r i o r t r a d i t i o n has

COYiAto; i n t h e second they a l l have ZOVlAtLLL, which w i l l have been

due to dz ZOV&AJLH AZntzntia j u s t preceding. 'Considius, 1

a fairly

f a m i l i a r name, i s not l i k e l y to have been thus twice corrupted i n

d i f f e r e n t ways. I n Att. 44 ( I I . 2 4 ) . 4 , i t i s t r u e , COvUxLdLL became

ZOVihi or cu Ai, but there the l o s s o f the l a s t s y l l a b l e i s explained

by the f o l l o w i n g word, (LUcuAAQAat. f

The nomen C o n s i u s T
comes i n

many i n s c r i p t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g a Capuan one of r e p u b l i c a n date (ILLRP

723 a ) .
 29

P. CORNELIUS (141) DOLABELLA

!
C a l l e d P. L e n t u l u s ' by Asconius (5.10, C l a r k ) i n an otherwise

i n a c c u r a t e n o t i c e , 'Lentulus' by P l u t a r c h (Cic. 41.7) and Macrobius

(Scut. I I . 3 . 3 ) . A l l three r e f e r to him as C i c e r o ' s son-in-law, as

though they had not r e a l i s e d h i s i d e n t i t y w i t h the Consul of 44.

Cicero never c a l l s him so, but he r e f e r s to h i s son, C i c e r o ' s own

grandson, as 'Lentulus ( p u e r ) 1
(ktt. 267 [ X I I . 2 8 ] . 3 , 270 [XII.30].1).

The i n f e r e n c e that D o l a b e l l a was adopted by a L e n t u l u s i s corroborated

by h i s T r i b u n a t e i n 47, to q u a l i f y f o r which he acquired p l e b e i a n

s t a t u s (Dio, X L I I . 2 9 . 1 ) . Doubtless he did so by means of an adoption,

l i k e C l o d i u s i n 59. The C o r n e l i i L e n t u l i were themselves normally

p a t r i c i a n s , but a Cn. L e n t u l u s was Tribune i n a year not certainly

e s t a b l i s h e d but probably 68 or perhaps 72 (Leg. Man. 58; see Syme,

J.R.S. 53 [1963]. pp. 55 f f . , Sumner, OlcutotU, pp. 125 f f . ) . Who he

was and whether i d e n t i c a l w i t h D o l a b e l l a ' s adoptive f a t h e r a r e questions

of some complexity. Cn. L e n t u l u s M a r c e l l i n u s , Consul i n 56, i s w i d e l y

favoured, though 'the n o t i o n that M a r c e l l i n u s was p l e b e i a n tends to

be s t r e n u o u s l y denied, e.g. Miinzer, P-W IV, 1390' (Syme, I . e . ,

p. 57 n.21). M a r c e l l i n u s ' f a t h e r , o r i g i n a l l y a p l e b e i a n Claudius

Marcellus, had become a C o r n e l i u s L e n t u l u s by adoption. I t has been

contended t h a t a testamentary adoption did not, or did not n e c e s s a r i l y ,

change the s t a t u s i n such c a s e s ; on t h i s p e r p l e x i n g matter see below,

pp. 98 f . Or the Consul of 56 may h i m s e l f have become a p l e b e i a n . But

the only other reason f o r b e l i e v i n g him one i s of s l i g h t account,

namely h i s membership of the C o l l e g e of S e p t e m v i r i Epulonum (Ha/L.

Re6p. 2 1 ) . For Mommsen's theory t h a t p a t r i c i a n s were excluded from

 3a

that body l a c k s s u f f i c i e n t evidence; and even i f i t was so o r i g i n a l l y ,

they may have been admitted by S u l l a — A p . Claudius Pulcher, Consul

i n 38 and s u r e l y a p a t r i c i a n , was a member ( o f . Syme, I . e . , p. 57

n.21). The Tribune L e n t u l u s was a Legate i n the year f o l l o w i n g h i s

year of o f f i c e (Leg. Mcui. l . c ) and M a r c e l l i n u s was one of Pompey's

Legates i n 6 7 . On the other hand, there i s an e x c e l l e n t reason for

d i s a l l o w i n g the l a t t e r as D o l a b e l l a ' s adoptive parent i n 49 or 4 8 ;

i n a l l p r o b a b i l i t y he was dead. As Consul he took a v i g o r o u s l y optimate

l i n e i n o p p o s i t i o n to h i s o l d f r i e n d and imperator Pompey, and that i s

the l a s t we hear of him, except f o r a laudatory mention i n the BfiutuA

(247) showing t h a t he was*no longer a l i v e i n 4 6 . That an e n e r g e t i c

and eloquent Consular should have l e f t no t r a c e on the s i x or seven y e a r s

f o l l o w i n g h i s Consulship i n so w e l l documented a period i s hard to

credit.

H i s son, or perhaps nephew, the C o r n e l i u s (232) Lentulus

M a r c e l l i n u s who served as Quaestor under Caesar i n 4 8 , deserves some

c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n t h i s context. H i s praenomen i s l i k e l y to have been

P u b l i u s i n view of P. C o r n e l i u s (233) P. f . L e n t u l u s M a r c e l l i n u s ,

Consul i n 1 8 . That favours him a s the adopting L e n t u l u s i n view of

1
Asconius d e s i g n a t i o n of D o l a b e l l a as 'P. L e n t u l u s . ' But Asconius

i s somewhat c a r e l e s s or confused a t t h i s p o i n t . He or h i s source may

have mixed up the old praenomen w i t h the new, e s p e c i a l l y as 'P.

D o l a b e l l a L e n t u l u s ' would be a p o s s i b l e s t y l e ( s e e below). Support

f o r Caesar i n the C i v i l War i s an a s s e t , youth no b a r — C l o d i u s was

adopted by a s t r i p l i n g of twenty or l e s s (Pom. 34).

 31

A mysterious c o i n can be put i n evidence, an aureus inscribed

'CN. LENTUL.' Sydenham (Roman Republican Coinage.* P- 122) thought i t

was s t r u c k f o r d i s t r i b u t i o n among Pompey's troops a t the end of the

war a g a i n s t S e r t o r i u s i n 72. Crawford (549) t e n t a t i v e l y a s s i g n s i t

to Cn. L e n t u l u s M a r c e l l i n u s when governor of S y r i a i n 59-58 f pointing

to the bead and r e e l border as c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of the Antioch mint.

Neither r e f e r s to an a r t i c l e by W. van Voigt i n Vkilol. 64 (1905).

pp. 341 f f . ( c o r r e c t the r e f e r e n c e i n my note on Att. 267 [XII.28].3).

Observing t h a t the weight of the c o i n corresponds to t h a t of t r i u m v i r a l

gold i s s u e s , van Voigt suggested that i t was s t r u c k a t Laodicea near

Antioch by D o l a b e l l a i n 43. The Laodicean mint a l s o used the bead and

r e e l border (see BnJX. Wuh. Catalogue o{ Gh.ee\i Coin*, Galatui,

Cappadocia, and SysUa, P l a t e s XXIX-XXXI). I f t h i s i s r i g h t , the

1
praenomen of D o l a b e l l a s adoptive f a t h e r must have been Cnaeus.

I must now go back to CI. £. 10 (1960). pp. 258 f . , where a t t e n -

t i o n was drawn to Cn. L e n t u l u s V a t i a , mentioned i n a l e t t e r to Quintus

( I I . 3 . 5 of February 56) apparently as an a c c e s s o r y to the p r o s e c u t i o n

1
of P. S e s t i u s ('popular a f f i l i a t i o n s may be i n f e r r e d ) . Miinzer's

suggested i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w i t h AevxAos Baxmxos of P l u t . Cta6/S. 8.2 =

Cn. Lentulus of Oros. V.24.1 seems almost c e r t a i n . The V a t i a e were a

noble but plebeian branch of the gens S e r v i l i a . T h i s one w i l l have

been a L e n t u l u s adopted by a V a t i a (perhaps C. S e r v i l i u s [91] V a t i a )

or, j u s t p o s s i b l y , a V a t i a adopted by a L e n t u l u s , the name as given

by C i c e r o being then p a r a l l e l e d by 'D. Brutus A l b i n u s . ' The i n v e r s i o n

i n t h a t name (of a J u n i u s Brutus adopted by a Postumius A l b i n u s ) seems

to be unique i n our records of the period, but sure examples of the

 32

u s u a l procedure a r e not very numerous; see below, p. 86. I f , however

Cn. L e n t u l u s V a t i a was a V a t i a adopted by a L e n t u l u s , he may have

remained p l e b e i a n on the theory t h a t h i s adoption was testamentary

and d i d not c a r r y a change of s t a t u s .

To sura up: a p l e b e i a n L e n t u l u s i s needed twice i n t h i s period,

a s Tribune i n 68 ( ? ) and a s adoptive f a t h e r to D o l a b e l l a twenty y e a r s

later. I f one man i s to perform both f u n c t i o n s , the o n l y visible

and v i a b l e candidate i s Cn. L e n t u l u s V a t i a ( t h i s suggestion seems to

have gone unremarked except by Syme [ I . e . , p. 56 n.12] , who i s non-

committal, and Weinrib [p. 261]). We do not know t h a t he was a Legate

i n 67, a s known of Cn. L e n t u l u s M a r c e l l i n u s (and Cn. L e n t u l u s

C l o d i a n u s ) , but t h e r e were many Legates i n 67 (not to mention 71)

whose names we do not know. On t h e other hand, the two r o l e s may be

assigned to d i f f e r e n t i n d i v i d u a l s . Cn. L e n t u l u s M a r c e l l i n u s , granted

p l e b e i a n s t a t u s , can then be given t h e former, w h i l e t h e l a t t e r l i e s

between (P.) L e n t u l u s M a r c e l l i n u s and Cn. L e n t u l u s V a t i a . Adopted,

f 1 !
D o l a b e l l a might become o f f i c i a l l y P . or Cn. C o r n e l i u s Lentulus

1
(Dolabella), w h i l e keeping h i s former name i n general use, l i k e M.

Lucullus, e t c .

Syme remarks: 'There may be other p l e b e i a n L e n t u l i , p o s s i b l y P.

Cornelius ( t r . p i . 51).' But to see L&iAitutcu> without evidence i n

any s t r a y C o r n e l i u s would be unreasonable.

1
'CURIUS (1)

TusUum i s to be read i n k£t. 10. ( I . l ) . 2 w i t h Constans and Watt

(see my n o t e ) .
 33

CURTIUS (23) PEDUCAEANUS

There can be l i t t l e doubt that the P r a e t o r C. C u r t i u s Peducaeanus,

addressee of F a m . 141 ( X I I I . 5 9 ) of 5 0 , i s the Tribune of 5 7 , M . CUAJUJUA,

CXWXL6 ego pcut/U quaoAton. fiui ( R e d . Jbi S e n . 2 1 ; c f . 2.* F>t. 1 . 4 . 3 ) .

That h i s praenomen was Marcus, not Gaius, i s e q u a l l y evident from the

Quaestorship of M. C u r t i u s (8) i n 61 ( F £ a c c . 3 0 ) . C . i n the l e t t e r -

heading w i l l be due to t h e 'C' of C U R T I U S . T h i s i s only what Munzer

s a y s , put more p o s i t i v e l y ; c f . Broughton, Suppl. p. 2 2 . But i t bears

s a y i n g a g a i n now that Gruen (L(U>t GzneAjOUtion, pp. 1 7 1 , 1 8 5 , 5 1 1 , 5 1 5 ) ,

w h i l e i d e n t i f y i n g the Praetor w i t h the Tribune, c a l l s him 'Gaius* and

1
ignores the Quaestor. Neither the praenomen 'M. nor the nomen

'Curius' have any a u t h o r i t y ; s e e Broughton, I . e .

'M. ' CURTIUS (26) POSTUMUS

The i d e n t i t y of Caesar's p a r t i s a n C u r t i u s Postumus w i t h C i c e r o ' s

c l i e n t and Caesar's f r i e n d C. R a b i r i u s (6) Postumus ( s e e below, p. 63)

detected by Dessau (tfe*me6, 46 [ 1 9 1 1 ] . pp. 613 f f . , 4 7 [ 1 9 1 2 ] . p. 3 2 0 ) ,

i s widely and r i g h t l y accepted. Some confusion has been generated by

the f a l s e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of the former w i t h the M. C u r t i u s whom C i c e r o

recommended to Caesar f o r a M i l i t a r y T r i b u n a t e i n 54 ( Q . F t . I I . 1 4 . 3 ,

III.1.10). Hence the a t t r i b u t i o n to Postumus of the praenomen Marcus,

on which Tenney Frank based a case a g a i n s t Dessau (Am. J . Vlnll. 4 1

[ 1 9 2 0 ] . pp. 278 f f . ) . Hence a l s o a f a l s e reading M. CuKtiuA i n A££.

363 (XIV.9).2. On Att. 169 ( I X . 2 a ) . 3 I was wrong i n s t a t i n g that we

have no other evidence a s to Postumus' o r i g i n a l praenomen, which i s i n

f a c t e s t a b l i s h e d by t h e praenomina of h i s freedman, C. C u r t i u s Mithres

 34

(Fam. 297 [ X I I I . 6 9 ] . 1 ) and others ( s e e Dessau, HtKmoA, 46 [1911].

1
p. 618). C i c e r o ' s protege i n 54 was a d i f f e r e n t man. But 'M. C u r t i u s

must be the name underlying M . it^uium i n Fam. 26 ( V I I . 5 ) . 2 , where

I read M. CuA<£t> £i£tu*ri; see Vkilol. 105 (1961). pp. 81 f . I n Rah.

Pott. 21 Madvig's supplement non Rabvvlo quaeAivit; RabAJi<iiu> enirn

should become non PoAtumo quuOLQAlvAJt) PoAtumuA <L\iim. C i c e r o c a l l s h i s

client ' R a b i r i u s ' only twice i n the course of h i s defence; a t the

beginning (1 C . RabiAsLuivi) and a t the end (45 C . RabVvi PoAtumi). In

1
between he i s always 'Postumus.

* L . CUSTIDIUS

T h i s nomen i n Fam. 140 ( X I I I . 5 8 ) seems to be otherwise unattested.

CuApidMiA (Glandorpius) i s worth r e c a l l i n g .

f f
* DECIMUS

Wiseman (CI. 0. 18 [1968]. pp. 299 f f . ) i d e n t i f i e s Vccimum dls-

Aignatoitm i n Att. 75 ( I V . 3 ) . 2 and Vecum-u of Vom. 50 w i t h D. Brutus

Albinus, g i v i n g diAAtgncLtoSim the otherwise u n a t t e s t e d sense of

1 1
'organizer ( s c . of C l o d i u s gangs). But the p u b l i c r e f e r e n c e by

simple praenomen i s i n c r e d i b l e , none the l e s s so because C i c e r o some-

times uses i t when w r i t i n g to A t t i c u s a f t e r Caesar's murder i n con-

t e x t s which i n c l u d e M. Brutus. T h i s henchman of C l o d i u s was probably

as u n d i s t i n g u i s h e d a f i g u r e as the L e n t i d i i , L o l l i i , Plaguleii,

and S e r g i i of Vom. 89. H i s re*al name may have been Decius or Decimius

(see on Att. I . e . ) or Docimus ( c f . \)<Wi. I I . 3 . 7 8 ) — h e could w e l l

have been a freedman.

 35

DEMETRIUS (50)

See BELLIENUS.

DIONYSIUS ( c f . Pomponius [14 a ] )

Atticus 1
libnatUoluA (Att. 79 [ I V . 8 ] . 2 ; c f . 78 [ I V . 4 a ] . l ) i s to

be d i s t i n g u i s h e d from h i s l e a r n e d freedman M. Pomponius D i o n y s i u s ,

whom E. Bernert i n R E c a l l s 'Thrax, 1

apparently confusing him w i t h

Aristarchus 1
pupil. The JUbtoutZohiA w i l l have been a mere s l a v e .

Cicero too had a s l a v e with t h i s v e r y common name (Fam. 259 [V.lOa],

1, e t a i . )

'DOMESTICUS 1
( c f . A t i l i u s [71])

Miinzer (Rftm. AdeJLbpcVuteAen, p. 3 3 2 ) makes a convincing c a s e f o r

Vou\AXZ[i) i n £. F ^ . i l l . 6 . 5 (November 5 4 ) SWiani VomoAticA, ^WL {xxvaxA

penludtuomm &LU£ . . . laudavit pcutoA ACJhlpto m e o . On h i s theory

the deceased was son by b i r t h of L. Domitius Ahenobarbus, Consul of

the year, and adopted son o f an A t i l i u s Serranus, whose f a t h e r w i l l

have been C. A t i l i u s Serranus, Consul i n 1 0 6 . Who then adopted Sex.

A t i l i u s Serranus Gavianus, Tribune i n 57? f

Von welchem A t i l i u s

Serranus der Gavier a d o p t i e r t worden i s t ( v g l . iiber i h n Klebs PW I I

2099 Nr 7 0 , auch V I I 8 6 6 f f . ) steht dahin; j e d e n f a l l s s o l l t e er eine

1
F a m i l i e vor dem E r l o s c h e n bewahren. There i s a t any r a t e no n e c e s s i t y

to p o s t u l a t e two adopting S e r r a n i . Nothing i s heard of Serranus

Gavianus a f t e r 5 7 . I f he died i n or soon a f t e r that year, the e l d e r

Serranus may have f i l l e d h i s place w i t h a son of Domitius, whose w i f e

was s i s t e r to M. Cato and so s i s t e r - i n - l a w to an A t i l i a (daughter,

as Miinzer assumes, to the Consul of 1 0 6 ) . I t i s appropriate that

 36

as Quaestor i n 63 Serranus Gavianus had been much favoured by C i c e r o ,

though as Tribune he j o i n e d C l o d i u s ( c f . CI. Rev. 3 [1962]. p. 1 9 5 ) .

Monastic and other mediaeval uses of domCAtlcuA (which i s , however,

i n use as a cognomen under the Empire: c f . Kajanto, p. 314) , f o r

which see Du Cange, may have f a c i l i t a t e d the c o r r u p t i o n . Sjogren's

apparatus (but not Watt's) records that the t r a d i t i o n of one of the

two f a m i l i e s i n t o which the MSS d i v i d e i s domtJbtltLi.

CN. EGNATIUS ( c f . 2 and 27)

The d i s i n h e r i t e d Senator of Clucnt. 135 has been d i s t i n g u i s h e d

from the Moneyer C. E g n a t i u s Maximus by Syme (HiAtonJjOL, 4 [1955]. p. 6 1 ) ,

whose o b s e r v a t i o n s were overlooked i n my note on Att. 337 ( X I I I . 4 5 ) . 1 .

They could have been b r o t h e r s .

'M. ENNIUS' ( c f . R E V.2588.52 and s.v. Mundus [ 3 ] )

Miinzer followed e d i t o r s i n a c c e p t i n g Wesenberg's i m p l a u s i b l e guess

Mundus iAtc cum M . Ennto f o r munduA iAtum M . cn{n)tuA i n Att. 404

(XV.26).5, on which my note p o i n t s out that M . cn[n)tuA w i l l represent

a QCntJJLicium, Men(n)ius or Maenius. Mundus i s mentioned again i n

Att. 408 ( X V . 2 9 ) . l . T h i s cognomen a l s o occurs i n i n s c r i p t i o n s , e.g.

CIL X I I I . 2 8 6 , and i n Joseph. Ant. X V I I I . 6 5 A G K I O S MOIJV6OS.

'EXTITIUS'

An i n t r a c t a b l e problem i s posed by t h i s name i n Pkti. XIII.28

ncc VQAO ExtutiuA, VhJULa.doZphi {noJiVi, quacAtoti, pACLCteAmittcnduA &>t,

nc, &i dc (LlaAAAA<uno aduloAcente AULUVIO, invAl&UAc vXAeoJi Antonio.

It i s e a s i l y emended to Sex. TijtiuA (Sextus i s a f a v o u r i t e praenomen

 37

w i t h the T i t i i ) : c f . Munzer, RE VI.1696.50, V I A.1565.14; Wiseman,

Um M e n , p. 266. But i n ?kil. VI.10, ignored by Munzer, the same i n -

d i v i d u a l seems to l i e behind the c o r r u p t t e x t of the V a t i c a n u s :

plu/uu kabetwi quam L. TsiebeUUuA, pluKib quam T. PlancuA, cum

exllue^it aduleAcen* nobilu, where nobWLb appears to be i r o n i c a l ,

corresponding to cfoUuA&Ajnub i n X I I I . 2 8 and w i t h the i m p l i c a t i o n in-

^amU>. So C l a r k , f o l l o w i n g Faernus, reads quam EXJUJUJUA f o r cam

eXAAiesUX. I f S e x . TiXiuA was the o r i g i n a l there too, why should

the ' s ' of 'Sex.' have f a l l e n out i n both p l a c e s ? And y e t a praenomen

seems to be r e q u i r e d i n V I . 10 a f t e r quam L. TiebeLLuM . . . quam T.

VlancuA.

Q. FABRICIUS (7)

The vulgate PabnMLAMM f o r ghatidJuxA ( t h e l a t t e r being d e f e n s i b l e

only a s an u n l i k e l y ZapAuA calami on C i c e r o ' s p a r t ) i n fa»

1.4.3 i s p a l a e o g r a p h i c a l l y i n f e r i o r to a p o s s i b l e a l t e r n a t i v e , AtiliuA;

see CI. Rev. 12 (1962). p. 195.

'Q.' FADIUS ( 3 )

On h i s doubtful praenomen see CI. Rev. i b i d . p. 196.

1 1
M. FADIUS (6) GALLUS
1
Q. 'FADIUS (8) GALLUS

'Probably F a b i i ' (Wiseman, blew M e n , p. 2 3 0 ) . The abounding and

unanimous evidence of the MSS amounts to more than mere p r o b a b i l i t y ;

see CI. Rev. i b i d . pp. 195 f .

Q. 'FADIUS' (7) GALLUS

Probably 'Fabius': see CI. Rev. i b i d . p. 196.

 38

T. FADIUS (9) (GALLUS?)

Fam. 51 (V.18) and 148 ( V I I . 2 7 ) are a s s u r e d l y addressed to the

same person, but the heading GALLO i n the l a t t e r i s probably due to a

mistake: see CI. Rev. ibid.

1
CN. 'FANNIUS (11)

T h i s Roman Knight i s named four times i n V&iA. I I . 1 . 1 2 8 and

once i b i d . 130. I n the f i r s t four p l a c e s we have the V a t i c a n palimpsest

1
of the t h i r d or f o u r t h century, which gives the nomen as 'Faenius (or
f 1 1
Ph(a)enius ). A. K l o t z apparatus does not indeed so record i n the

f o u r t h p l a c e , but O r e l l i ' s does. On the l a t e r MSS he and o t h e r s

are unreliable. Of those which I have consulted P a r i s i n u s 7776 (p)

1
and Laurentianus x l v i i i . 2 9 (q) have 'Fannius only i n the second

p l a c e , H a r l e i a n u s 2687 ( r ) only i n the f i r s t and second; elsewhere

1
'Fanius except t h a t p has iwio i n the f i f t h . I n P a r i s i n u s 7823 (D)

and H a r l e i a n i 4105 (K) and 4852 (Z) the passage i s missing. Authority

then supports 'Faenius'; and t h i s was more l i k e l y to be corrupted i n t o

1
the r e l a t i v e l y f a m i l i a r 'Fannius than v i c e v e r s a .

On the other hand, Cicero mentions that the Knight was ^XevtoA

g&AmanuA to a Senator, Q. T i t i n i u s . Hence a c o n j e c t u r e that he was

the i l l e g i t i m a t e son of Fannia (21) of Minturnae, recorded by

V a l e r i u s Maximus ( V I I I . 2 . 3 ; c f . 1.5.5) and P l u t a r c h (MaA. 38) as the

w i f e of C. T i t i n i u s ( T i v v i o s ) ; see Miinzer (not S t e i n , as Syme,

HUtosOci, 13 [1964]. p. 116), RE V I . 1992.45. But C i c e r o i s un-

l i k e l y to have r e f e r r e d to sons of d i f f e r e n t f a t h e r s a s AfaWiQA QQA-

mCLYii. E i t h e r the Knight or Q. T i t i n i u s w i l l have borne an adoptive

name.
 39

C.'FIDULIUS'

1
Clodius s a t e l l i t e C. ' F i d u l i u s ' i n Pom. 79 f f . i s no doubt

i d e n t i c a l w i t h C. ' F i b u l u s ' of Vcut. 31, but what was h i s name?

Without going i n t o tedious d e t a i l I can say that ' F i d u l u s ' has

considerably b e t t e r support i n the MSS of the de Vomo than ' F i d u l i u s '

(some e d i t o r s a c t u a l l y read Etdu&t, nom. p l u r . , i n 80 between FXAvJULo

and VidulLuA) . I n the ?K0 VcuLLnio there i s d i v i s i o n between ^ibato

and fisiduZo. ' F i d u l u s ' (cognomen; c f . Kajanto, p. 254) seems

indicated.

L. FLAVIUS (16)

According to Munzer, the Roman Knight mentioned i n VeAA. II.1.14

et a l . i s c e r t a i n l y the L. F l a v i u s of Fam. 302. (XIII.31).1, written

about 46. Since t h i s man's brother Gaius i s there described as a

c l o s e f r i e n d of C i c e r o ' s son-in-law C. P i s o , Quaestor i n 58, chronology

suggests that the man i n the VeAAMiQA was t h e i r father.

*FL0RUS

I n Cluent. 162 the MSS o f f e r a c h o i c e between {)lolo i n the

C l u n i a c t r a d i t i o n and &Zo>vLo i n the L a u r e n t i a n . Editors j u s t i f i a b l y

p r e f e r the former. A l l the same, the L a u r e n t i a n readings a r e some-

times b e t t e r , and i n t r i n s i c a l l y there i s nothing here to choose.

The gens F l o r i a i s w e l l represented epigraphically.

*FUSIUS

'cizdo miki leger ktlniaA, TFuAsLaA, FUAICIA, ipAam, ut dlxi,

Voconiam: so the vulgate i n VQJVI. I I . 1.109. The F u r i a n and Voconian

laws concerned i n h e r i t a n c e , and so presumably did the l e x A t i n i a

 40

mentioned h e r e ( c f . Phtt. I I I . 1 6 htna Atlntaz 1<LQ2A) and the ' F u s i a . 1

1 1
'Fusius i s only the a r c h a i c form of ' F u r i u s , so that even i f the

MSS were unanimous i t would h a r d l y be p o s s i b l e to b e l i e v e i n a l e x

F u s i a d i s t i n c t from, and to judge by the order of precedence, l a t e r

than, the l e x F u r i a . But the V a t i c a n palimpsest h a s nu.^/UU and the

MSS of Ps.-Asconius a r e d i v i d e d between ^ 0 6 ^ 0 4 , pu£*XU>, and pufitcaA.

The common denominator seems to be FUJJX/U. T h i s l e x F u f i a may have

been passed by the same Tribune who not long b e f o r e or a f t e r 154,

as g e n e r a l l y supposed (Sumner, Am. J . PhJJL. 84 [1963]. pp. 344 f f .

argues f o r 132; c f . A. E. A s t i n , LatomuA 23 [1964]. pp. 432 f f . )

gave h i s name to a law concerning e l e c t i o n s ( c f . Broughton, I .

pp. 452 f . ) . For the c o r r u p t i o n Tu&iuA/FuAtuA of Place. 46 and Ascon.

1
31, 26, C l a r k .

So I had w r i t t e n . Now I have to add that fiu&tcLA i s t h e reading

of P a r i s i n i 7775 (S) and 7776 (p) and L a u r e n t i a n u s x l v i i i . 2 9 ( q ) .

l t
T. FURFANIUS POSTUMUS

The nomen was probably 'Furfanus,' though both forms e x i s t e d :

see le£teA4 to AttLcuA, V I I . pp. 96 f . and J . H a t z f e l d , LcA t/LafiiquantA

ttalicn* dam VOiicnt holllntquc (1919), p. 114.

C. GALLIUS (3)

Miinzer was r i g h t l y dubious about the i d e n t i t y of C. G a l l i u s ,

e p i g r a p h i c a l l y recorded a s s e r v i n g i n an u n s p e c i f i e d c a p a c i t y under

M. Antonius C r e t i c u s i n Greece ( s e e Broughton, p. 113), w i t h the

Senator C. G a l l u s (so the MSS) i n VQAK. I I . 3 . 1 5 2 . Badian's i d e n t i f i c a -

t i o n of the l a t t e r w i t h the j u r i s t C. A q u i l l i u s (23) G a l l u s seems

 41

p r e f e r a b l e (Gnomon, 33 [1961]. p. 496), though h i s statement that G a l l u s

appears i n the speech a s g i v i n g l e g a l advice goes somewhat beyond

what C i c e r o s a y s — t h a t G a l l u s a p p l i e d to V e r r e s to a l l o w the

1
prosecution of t h e t i t h e - r o b b e r Apronius. Klebs entry on the j u r i s t

begins by remarking t h a t C i c e r o has h i s cognomen only i n ZKut. 154

C . kquuiJUUx) GaJULo and ends w i t h a c i t a t i o n from Top. 51 i n which he

i s c a l l e d GaJUuA no&tZA.

GAVIUS 'OLELUS' ( c f . A t i l i u s [ 7 0 ] )

attoji vzno, non WLz S&oianuA ab axa&io, t>zd e x doA&Uja Gavl

OloLL a/iza zatatu Ga\)lti> in Calatino* AtltioA InAltuA: so Peterson's

text i n SoAt. 72, Gavl OloJU. aAQja r e p r e s e n t i n g gaulol[a)QJUJO>IZCL i n

the MSS. Gavl seems sound, but what f o l l o w s remains mysterious. A

cognomen ' O l e l u s ' i n s p i r e s no confidence. The only one to resemble i t

that has come my way i s O l i l l u s i n CIL X.5526, X I I I . 1 6 7 0 . Professor

Badian has suggested to me t h a t s i n c e the context i s z o o l o g i c a l

( i n the previous sentence Serranus' c o l l e a g u e i s c a l l e d MUUx ex

vzpnzcuLu oxtn/icXa nlttduZa) and a pun on G a v i i i s r e q u i r e d aavix ( a

s p e c i e s o f b i r d ) o r gavlota, may be i n v o l v e d .

L. GELLIUS (5)

I n a l e t t e r to C i c e r o of May 43 (Tarn. 398 [X.17].3) L. Munatius

Plancus commends a c e r t a i n L . G e l l i u s as a good r e p u b l i c a n who had

served a s intermediary between h i m s e l f and M. Lepidus. The words t h a t

follow t h i s name i n t h e MSS, dz &ilbu6 kna&ilbvJ* 6zga.vla.no, axe now

u n i n t e l l i g i b l e and e v i d e n t l y i n some degree corrupt. Leaving them

aside, we may a s k whether G e l l i u s i s any other than L . G e l l i u s (10)

 42

P o p l i c o l a , Consul i n 36 (on the f a m i l y see Wiseman, China the. Vo2t

[1974], pp. 119 f f . ) . I f so, he w i l l have j o i n e d M. Brutus i n the

E a s t ( c f . Dio, XLVII.24.3 f f . ) a f t e r the r e p u b l i c a n c o l l a p s e i n the

West.

GUTTA

I n 0. F/*L. I I I . 6.6 of November 54 Pompey i s represented as

opposing Milo's candidature f o r the Consulship of 52 and supporting one

Gutta ( v . l . guuta) . T h i s can h a r d l y be a Capuan who fought a g a i n s t S u l l a

or a corrupt j u r o r who was e x p e l l e d from the Senate i n 70 ( c f .

Wiseman, Meu> M e n , p. 234), but a proposed t e x t u a l change to Cottaz

( i . e . M. C o t t a , r e p u b l i c a n governor of S a r d i n i a i n 49) i s only a

possibility: c f . Gruen, L<Ut GdiiQAation, pp. 150 n.123, 175 n.47.

I f t h i s Gutta i s allowed to e x i s t , he can be h e l p f u l i n another letter

to Quintus of almost contemporary date, I I I . 4 . 1 (24 October 5 4 ) , where

the MSS show a c e r t a i n Cato, a psiaetotu.ti6, behaving obsequiously to

Pompey a f t e r G a b i n i u s ' a c q u i t t a l . S i n c e n e i t h e r M. Cato nor C. Cato

(Tribune i n 56) were ex-Praetors i n 54, Cotta and Otko have been

suggested ( c f . VKOCL. Cam. Plvlt. Soc. 7 [1961]. p. 3 ) ; but note Miinzer,

RE XXII.107.13: f
C i c . ad Qu. f r . I l l 4, 1; bes. I l l 8 [=6], 6.'

Pompey's protege G u t ( t ) a f i l l s the r o l e b e t t e r than e i t h e r . What

b l i g h t e d h i s p r o s p e c t s of the Consulship i s unknowable—most

probably an untimely death.

1
'HALIMETUS

Sjogren r i g h t l y o b e l i z e d t h i s s t r a n g e name i n Att. 81 ( I V . 1 2 ) ; most

MSS have kaZirmti, but the v a r i a n t s oLimati and atunz[n)ti ( c f . the

 43

C i n c i i Aliment!) a r e to be noted. ktAJtnttl would be c l o s e . Corradus'

suggestion t h a t he may be i d e n t i c a l w i t h the no l e s s oddly named

Thallumetus of A£t. 105 (V.12).2 i s very questionable. The latter

seems to have been an anagno&teA 1

o f A t t i c u s , whereas 'Halimetus'
1
was apparently of independent s t a t u s , w i t h an ' a f f a i r which involved

A t t i c u s , C i c e r o , the businessman Egnatius Rufus, and C. A q u i l l i u s

Gallus.

CN. 'HEIUS' (3)

So Laurentianus l i . 1 0 (M) i n Cluznt. 107. But the C l u n i a c

t r a d i t i o n ( c f . under FLORUS) has h<ll\x£\JJ> or heuuvtiU, perhaps r e p r e -

senting HOsluLLuA, a r a r e name i n v i t i n g c o r r u p t i o n .

HELICO (2)

Named as a ^OKmVi tenant of C i c e r o ' s garden a t Tusculum i n

1
Fam. 219 (XVI.18). 2, 'nach u n s i c h e r e r U b e r l i e f e r u n g according to

Munzer. I n f a c t , the MSS a r e unanimous, the name ('EAIKWV) unexcep-

tionable, and the c o n j e c t u r e s AaJtdCO or hdULuti, -which have to apply

to the holLtosi of the preceding sentence, who was s t i l l on the scene,

worse than i d l e .

HELONIUS

A c l i e n t of A t t i c u s and apparently a bore (k£t. 105 [V.12].2).

The nomen seems to occur elsewhere only i n a forged inscription,

CIL XI.156*.11. Perhaps 'Helenius;' c f . Schulze, EAgmnamtn, p. 173.

 44

C. HERENNIUS (7)

Syme (HsUtolid, 4 [1955]. p. 63) has shown t h a t the Senator men-

tioned i n VWi. 1.39 was not S e r t o r i u s ' l i e u t e n a n t ( S a i l . Epi&t.

PompeA.y 6, e t c . ) . That he was the Tribune of 80 or 88 ( S a i l . Wirt.

11.21) remains p o s s i b l e .

HERODES (8)

The 'Geschaftsfiihrer des A t t i c u s 1

i n Att. 115 (VI.1).25 i s a

myth born of misunderstanding. Herodes t h e r e i s the Athenian notable

and Zttt&iatQAXJi mentioned i n other l e t t e r s . See my note ad l o c .

, t
* HERUS

£). Ph. I I I . 1.1 apud Wwm Ktctt Wat apparently r e f e r s to Q.

C i c e r o ' s viltcuA a t Arcanum. But what kind of a name i s H e r u s ? ! f

A

f f
s l a v e might be c a l l e d H e r o s Ofrpoos) or 'Hero* ("Hpcov), but

1
n e i t h e r of these would form an a c c u s a t i v e 'Herum. Perhaps read

HoJiAixm. As an Oscan praenomen, l i k e ' S t a t i u s 1

( c f . Munzer, R E I I I

1
A.2214.15), ' H e r i u s would not s u r p r i s e as the name of a s l a v e . Along

with other such praenomina i t was a l s o a QZntitioJjm (ibid. VIII.685 f . ) .

T. HORDEONIUS ( 2 )

Since Sjogren i n Att. 412 (XVI.2).1 kept HohtZYi&io and HoKt<LvU>iuA

i n h i s t e x t , without comment i n the apparatus, l e t i t be s a i d again

1
that Munzer did r i g h t to accept Schiitz s u b s t i t u t i o n s , b r i n g i n g the

t e x t i n t o l i n e w i t h 388 ( X I I I . 4 6 ) . 3 T. HondzOYlio.
 45
1
'TULLUS HOSTILIUS (7)

Cf. VkiZ. III.26. The name w i l l have been ' H o s t i l i u s T u l l u s : '

see Syme, HAAZOHAJOL 13 (1964). p. 117.

IULIA (549)

see TUTIA.

D. LAELIUS (6) ( c f . Munzer, RE XII.412.11)

Gruen (La6t GmQ^Kjation, p. 466 n.58) defends LaoJULob i n Earn. 81

( V I I I . 4 ) . 2 , explaining that 'the " L a e l i i " were f r i e n d s of Pompeius.'

But whatever t h e t r u t h about Pompey's r e l a t i o n s w i t h Caesar i n 51,

1
the context i n C a e l i u s l e t t e r concerns Caesar, not Pompey. I have

to adhere t o the view expressed i n VhiZol. 105 (1961). pp. 85 f .

LoUJLok, perhaps w r i t t e n JtotiOA, s t i l l seems the most p l a u s i b l e sub-

s t i t u t e , though admittedly q u i t e u n c e r t a i n .

LATINUS ( 2 )

I n Earn. 417 ( X I I . 3 0 ) . 7 (June 43) Vznulzio, Latino, VoKatlo we

seem to have the names of t h r e e Legates l e f t behind i n A f r i c a by

Calvisius—Mommsen's view, followed by Munzer, t h a t they were merely

i n s i g n i f i c a n t Senators, w i l l not f i t the c o n t e x t . I n VhUL. I I I . 2 6 ,

d e l i v e r e d about s i x months e a r l i e r , C i c e r o speaks of two Legates

l e f t a t U t i c a , without naming them. Hence Broughton's suggestion

(p. 355) to punctuate VmvJLdio Latino, Hohjatio. But the apparent

discrepancy admits of s e v e r a l obvious e x p l a n a t i o n s . Munzer remarks

that the cognomen ' L a t i n u s ' i s not found among the b e t t e r known

f a m i l i e s o f the R e p u b l i c . Was i t r e p u b l i c a n a t a l l ( c f . K a j a n t o ,
 46

p. 180)? Another g&ntAj^Lcium would go b e t t e r with l/eno£exo and

UoKatio. Has 'Latinus' replaced f

Latinius, f
a s i n the MSS of V a l .

Max. 1.7.4 and the Oxford Text of Tac. Ann. IV.71.1?

, I
* LEPIS0

See AETIDEMUS.

M. LICINIUS (68) CRASSUS 'DIVES'

That Crassus the 'Triumvir' d i d not have the a d d i t i o n a l cognomen

'Dives' ( c f . my note on Att. 33 [ I I . 1 3 ] . 2 ) i s made out a t length by

B. A. M a r s h a l l , HiAtoiia, 22 (1973). pp. 457 f f .

LICINIUS (65) CRASSUS DAMASIPPUS

P. LICINIUS (75) CRASSUS IUNIANUS

These two were one. P. L i c i n i u s Crassus Junianus (Brutus)

Damasippus i s l i k e l y to have been h i s f u l l name, a s son by b i r t h of

a Junius Brutus Damasippus and by adoption of a P. L i c i n i u s Crassus.

The Damasippus who owned a suburban property (koh£JS\ which C i c e r o

thought of buying i n 45 (Att. 268 [ X I I . 2 9 ] . 2 , 269 [ X I I . 3 3 ] . 1 ) and the

art-connoisseur Damasippus of fawn. 209 ( V I I . 2 3 ) and (presumably)

Hor. Sat. I I . 3 may have been h i s son, perhaps the L. L i c ( i n i u s )

Crassus Damasippus of TLLR? 397; but the Junius of F a m . 209 ( V I I . 2 3 ) . 3

has to be d i s t i n g u i s h e d (dontML F. Marx and Munzer i n h i s entry

'Iunius [72] Damasippus'). See on a l l t h i s a forthcoming paper i n

A m . JouJin. A n c . H<U>t. An anonymous reader of that paper has pointed

out that p o s i t i v e evidence e x i s t s f o r the t h e s i s ( n e c e s s a r y to the

i d e n t i f i c a t i o n ) that Metellus S c i p i o ' s death happened a f t e r Cato's:

• P l u t a r c h r e v e a l s t h a t S c i p i o ' s f l e e t s t a t i o n e d i t s e l f near U t i c a
 47

and that. S c i p i o himself was i n communication w i t h Cato; f u r t h e r ,

that S c i p i o awaited Cato's d e c i s i o n on the abandonment of U t i c a

( P l u t . Cato, 6 0 . 3 [ 5 ] . 62.1). T h i s makes more p l a u s i b l e t h e view that

those who embarked from U t i c a j o i n e d S c i p i o . F i n a l l y , a t about the

1
time of C r a s s u s departure heavy storms were b u f f e t i n g those a t

sea ( P l u t . Cato, 70.3[5]). T h i s s u i t s the n o t i c e i n BoZZ. kin.. 96,

f
which has S c i p i o s s h i p s tossed i n storms f o r a long time before

1
t h e i r u l t i m a t e f a t e a t Hippo R e g i u s .

M. LICINIUS (80) 'DENTICULUS'

The cognomen of Antony's gaming-partner i n VhiZ. 11.56 appears a s

dzYVtlcuZam i n the Vaticanus and c e r t a i n of the i n f e r i o r MSS and a s

AevxiKouXov i n Dio, XLV.47.4. The choice thus l i e s between LzYVticuZam

( a l s o w i t h some MS support) and Denticulum ( B u e c h e l e r ) . I f the l a t t e r

was o r i g i n a l , the corruption of -urn to -am i s unexplained, whereas

1
the opposite change i n Dio might be due to a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h 'Lentulus.

And dwu> i s a commoner word than loyib.

L e n t i c u l a might have been expected to r a t e a place among Antony's

COltuAofieA oX Aod.aleA i n VhJUL. X I I I . 3 . One name out of the eight i s

otherwise unknown (on Pontius [ 2 2 ] , omitted i n t h e Vaticanus, see

Munzer): Mela. I suspect ( i t can only be a s u s p i c i o n ) that OiiViapdZu.

lo.yvUc.uZam was reduced to ZU&vapoZJuZam and then r a t i o n a l i z e d i n t o

m&iapdhm mzZam.

CN. '(LICINIUS) (100) LUCULLUS'

'Cn. L u c u l l u s ' of Mt. 378 ( X V . l a ) . l i s r e a l l y Cn. L u c c e i u s

(3): see my note ad l o c . and ?Koc. Cam. Phil. Soc. 3 (1954-5). p. 31.
 48

1
For y e t another example of ' L u c c e i u s corrupted i n t o ' L u c u l l u s ' s e e

CCLQZ. 52.

M. LICINIUS (110) LUCULLUS

f
The only a u t h o r i t y f o r the praenomen of C a t o s ward, the son of

L. L u c u l l u s P o n t i c u s , i s V a l . Max. IV.7.4, but t h e r e i s no reason to

m i s t r u s t i t ; c f . Munzer, RE X I I I . 4 1 9 . 3 . C l a r k m i s t a k e n l y supplied

Cn. i n t h e Oxford Text of VhJJL. X.8, misled by the f a l s e reading of

the MSS i n Att. 378 ( X V . l a ) . l ( s e e above).

LOLLIA (29)

See AURELIA 0RESTILIA.

f f
C. LOLLIUS ( 4 )

The praenomen i s not e s t a b l i s h e d ; see my note on Att. 260 ( X I I . 2 1 ) . 4 .

1
P. 'LUCCEIUS

The nomen occurs once i n Fam. 383 ( X I I . 2 5 a ) . 1 and twice i n 417

1
(XII.30).5. The Mediceus p r e s e n t s i t c o n s i s t e n t l y a s ' L u c c i u s ;

1 1 1
other MSS have ' L u c t i u s or ' L u t i u s . The v u l g a t e ' L u c c e i u s i s

f f
d e s t i t u t e of a u t h o r i t y and should be forgotten. Luccius is a

p e r f e c t l y a c c e p t a b l e name. The V e s t a l L u c c i a ought never to have been

molested i n L i v . Epit. XX, and CA.nae.duA L u c c i u s has regained h i s

r i g h t f u l p l a c e i n the second Oxford Text of Catalzpton, 13.35 (by

J . A. Richmond).

1 1
Q. LUCRETIUS (20) OFELLA

Rather !
Afella: f
see Badian, J.R.S. 57 (1967). pp. 227. So

H. Malcovati i n &uit. 178 (ed. 2, 1970).

 49

'LUSCENIUS'

The paradosis hxAganio i n Att. 128 ( V I I . 5 ) . 3 has g e n e r a l l y been

changed to LuAcenio ( c f . Schulze, EigfLnnamnn, p. 1 8 4 ) . Manutius

conjectured TuACZYvLo, an a t t e s t e d nomen. I have suggested a sum of

money (KS centu ?).

T 1
CN. MAGIUS (3)

The praenomen of t h i s item i n C l u e n t i u s Habitus' family c h r o n i c l e

appears twice i n Clu&Yit. 21 and once i n 33, i n the L a u r e n t i a n tradition

as 'Cn.', but i n the C l u n i a c (see under FLORUS) as 'Numerius.'

Corruption of the r a r e W. to Chi. i s normal: c f . Att. 174 C (IX.7 C ) . 2 ,

181 (IX.13<x); Caes. B.C. 1.24.4. The person named i n these passages

was a d i f f e r e n t N. Magius, Pompey's P r a e f e c t u s Fabrum i n 49, who came

from Cremona. The murderer of M. Marcellus i n 45, Magius C i l o , i s

c a l l e d 'P.' i n Vam. 253 (IV. 12).2 but 'Cn.' i n L i v . Eptt. CXV. Was

he r e a l l y another Numerius?

'MALLIUS' (2)

Wiseman (CI. Rev/. 3 [1965]. p. 263) has p l a u s i b l y suggested that

this bearer of a l e t t e r from C i c e r o to C. Antonius i n 61 (Att. 16

[I.16].16) was r e a l l y L. Manlius Torquatus. As he s a y s , I read

McunJUo (Shuckburgh; i . e . A. Torquatus) f o r malo i n Att. 380 ( X V . 3 ) . l .

See now T a y l o r , Voting Vt6tu.ct6, p. 228, to the e f f e c t t h a t , apart

from the Consul of 105, the nomen ' M a l l i u s ' i s of very r a r e occurrence

except i n Greek s o u r c e s , where i t i s r e g u l a r l y s u b s t i t u t e d f o r

'Manlius;' a l s o Badian's comments i n UtbtonAXL, 12 (1963). p. 138.

One begins to wonder about C i c e r o ' s f r i e n d P. M a l l i u s (9) of Pompeii

 50

i n Macrob. Sat. II.3.11. But M a l l i u s (12) G l a u c i a has to be accepted

i n Rote. Am. 19, 96.

Q. MAMERCIUS ( c f . Mamercus [ 2 ] )

Wiseman's remark i n New M e n , p. 31 n . l , 'note a l s o the A r p i n a t e s

. . . Q. Mamercus (Tarn. X I I I . 1 1 . 1 ) , whose name may be r e l e v a n t to the

town's connections with the A e m i l i i S c a u r i , ' seems to be an o v e r s i g h t .

The p a r a d o s i s \KomeAcJjm i s now g e n e r a l l y accepted: see Schulze,

Eigennamen, p. 466.

Q. MANLIUS (34)

Mentioned i n Cluent. 39 as a T r i u m v i r C a p i t a l i s not long before

Oppianicus' t r i a l i n 74 ( c f . 36 Hezentl He): Uantium plenlque noHatU:

non iJULe konoAem a puen/XAja, non Atudia vihtvutU . . . umquam cogltaAot,

6ed e x petutantt atque AmpHobo AcuAAa In OAACOHXHU cAvi£ata> ad earn

columnam ad quam muitoAum Aaepe convleiu penductuA enat [sc. Waenlam\

turn Au^AagAAA popuLi peAveneAat. Miinzer considered i t e n t i r e l y

p o s s i b l e t h a t he i s the person r e f e r r e d to i n VeAA. 1.30: Q... Mantium

at 0. CoHntitclum, duo* bevehAAbtmoA atque IntegeAhAmob ludAeeA, quod

tAlbunl plebt* turn eAunt, tudiceA non kabebtmub. The i d e n t i t y i s

assumed by Broughton and Gruen (La&t Generation, p. 186). But even

i f one i s w i l l i n g to suppose t h a t C i c e r o spoke of the same person i n

such d i s c r e p a n t terms ('depending on h i s immediate purpose'), the

d e s c r i p t i o n i n the pHO Cluentlo does not suggest a man who had gone

on to a c a r e e r as Quaestor and then Tribune i n 69 ( o r a t l e a s t Tribune-

Elect i n 70). I t may r a t h e r be i n f e r r e d that the T r i u m v i r a t e was h i s

peak, and t h a t he would not have got even thus f a r but f o r aAJ>c.OH.dtae
 51

cLvitcutCb, By 66 he had been out of view f o r a c o n s i d e r a b l e period

(pltHJLqiML notoutUi) ; M a n l i i without known cognomina abound, so t h a t

the homonymity i s not much to go on.

MATO ( c f . s.v. Matho)

An otherwise unknown enemy or M. Fabius G a l l u s mentioned i n F a m .

114 ( I X . 2 5 ) . 3 . Cf. Syme, J . R . S . 51 ( 1 9 6 1 ) . p. 2 4 : 'The cognomen

"Matho" belonged of o l d t o a branch of the Pomponii, none of whom a r e

on record subsequent t o the Hannibalic War. "Mato" i s exceedingly rare

but d i s c o v e r a b l e i n a family of l o c a l standing r e s i d e n t a t A t i n a i n

Latium, the C r i t i i * 1
( c i t i n g CIL I 2
. 1535). I t i s a l s o found i n

p r o v i n c i a l i n s c r i p t i o n s a t a l a t e r period (CIL. 11.926, I I I . 1 1 5 5 9 ,

12104 [369]).

MATRIS

Though n e i t h e r a Roman nor a contemporary of C i c e r o ' s I cannot

r e s i s t the temptation to i n c l u d e him. D i e t e r i c h ' s d e l i g h t f u l McuOuA

tal i n Fam.* 190 ( I X . 16).8 quod i>JL p&aeve/icu> m e ad modJuJ* tuac ccnam

hCVOCOAC i s only very probably r i g h t , s i n c e we cannot know that Paetus 1

mother was i r r e l e v a n t . Nevertheless i t should be accepted because

the choice between tuac and tuL i s v i r t u a l l y f r e e . The MSS have no

l e g i t i m a t e say a g a i n s t a reading which c o p y i s t s were bound to c o r r u p t .

MELA (1)

1
See LICINIUS 'DENTICULUS.

'MEMMIUS ( c f . Mamius [1])

Wenn d i e h s l . U b e r l i e f e r u n g b e i C i c . Rose. Am. 90 i n der

!
 52

Aufzahlung gewerbsmassiger Anklager, d i e s i c h schon z u r Ruhe gesetzt

haben, Cu/utio6, Ma/iloA, dznique. Mammo.06 . • . po&tAomo . . . kvMj>tvm

b i e t e t , so kann Mammeo4 ganz wohl i n MamrnioA geandert werden, o b g l e i c h

auch d i e von Ursinus auf Grund von C i c . Brut 136 vorgeschlagene

T
Anderung i n l e i c h t moglich i s t . So Munzer, who, however,

T
ends h i s e n t r y 'Memmius ( 5 ) with a q u a l i f i c a t i o n : 'doch es f r a g t

s i c h , ob C i c e r o h i e r so w e i t i n d i e Vergangenheit zuriickging und n i c h t

1
eher fiir uns v e r s c h o l l e n e Marianer der l e t z t e n J a h r e im Auge h a t t e .

I t i s indeed c l e a r that C i c e r o was r e f e r r i n g i n f i g u r e s who had

only r e c e n t l y vanished i n S u l l a ' s holocaust (pugna CannZYiAAJi) . But

MtYrmloA i s not t h e r e f o r e d i s c r e d i t e d . Btiwt. 136 C . L . Ihoxtmll £ueAuyi£

onxvtoneA mzdiooAeA, accu&cutoieA CLCAZS atquz cLcanbl r e f e r s to c .

Memmius, Tribune i n 111, and h i s brother L u c i u s , Moneyer c a . 110

(cf. Sumner, OfiatOAA, pp. 89 f . ) . Gaius was murdered i n 100, but

L u c i u s could s t i l l have been a c t i v e i n the e i g h t i e s , e s p e c i a l l y a s

1
Cicero says t h a t C u r t i u s , Marius, and 'Mammeus (the p l u r a l s , as

u s u a l i n such c a s e s , denoting t y p i c a l i n d i v i d u a l s ) were nearing r e t i r e -

ment age (quondam CLQAAU a p/ioeZLU Kdvocahat). On the other hand, an

unknown Mammius cannot be r u l e d out.

'MENANDER' (1)

IhzmndJvl i n Fair?. 40 (XVI. 13) i s e v i d e n t l y the s l a v e c a l l e d

Andricus i n Fa/n. 41 (XVI.14).1. The l a t t e r name i s not l i k e l y to be

a nickname, a s suggested by Constans. C i c e r o was not i n the h a b i t

of r e f e r r i n g to h i s s l a v e s by nicknames. and/u,ci9 l o s i n g the l a s t

s y l l a b l e , might e a s i l y become the f a m i l i a r mznand/il, especially

 53

! T
following a f i n a l m i n the previous word; whereas i t i s eminently

improbable t h a t mznandzA was changed to andsUcuA. IhznandJuiA

(Manutius) i s an i n a d m i s s i b l e form.

1
'METIUS (1)

mzclo/mztio of the MSS i n Att. 406 (XV.27).3 may represent MztiuA,

MzttLuA, or MazcluA. The f i r s t i s l e s s common than the second, but i s

w e l l enough a t t e s t e d i n CJL. !
Cf. a l s o M. M e t i u s 1
i n Caesar s f
MSS of

E.G. 1.47.4, 53.8 (A. K l o t z reads M. T

M a e c i u s ) and Wiseman, How
1
Men,

p. 241.

M. MINDIUS (5) MARCELLUS

The e x i s t e n c e of t h i s person, a n a t i v e of Octavian's birthplace

V e l i t r a e and a n a v a l commander i n the t h i r t i e s , ought to r u l e out

Madvig s maczllanluA
f
f o r maAczUuA i n Tarn. 214 (XV.17).2: see VkULol.

105 (1961). p. 271.

L. MINUCIUS (37) BASILUS

I n O&fi. I I I . 7 4 C i c e r o mentions one M. S a t r i u s , who had been

t e s t a m e n t a r i l y adopted by h i s uncle L. Minucius B a s i l u s , and adds by

way of f u r t h e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n hunc dizo pcvUionum agnl Vizznt zt

Sabini; o tuKpzm viotam tzmpohxxml E v i d e n t l y VKUL. 11.107, w r i t t e n ,

as Munzer p o i n t s out, about the same time, r e f e r s to the same person:

quid zgo iZtaA iAtitiA minaA contmztiaAquz commzmoizm quibuA invzztuA

ZAt in SidsLcinoA, vzmvit PutzolanoA, quod C. CaAAtum at BtiutoA

patAonoA adoptaAAznt? magno quidzm Atudio, iudiclo, bznzvolzntia,

ca/Utatz, non, ut tz zt BaAttum, vi zt cuuniA, zt CJLLOA vzA&ii AimitU,

 54

quoA ctlcntAA nemo habcKc veJUt, non modo UXomm cticnA £ 4 4 e. He i s

commonly i d e n t i f i e d (as i n my note on AX£. 216 ( X I . 5 ) . 3 ) with Caesar's

Legate and- a s s a s s i n , a f r i e n d or f r i e n d l y acquaintance of C i c e r o . In

that case i t has to be supposed with E. T. M e r r i l l (CI. Plvlt. 8

[1913]. pp. 50 f . ) and Munzer that a f t e r Caesar's murder he 'made a

l i g h t n i n g change of h i s p o l i t i c a l a s s o c i a t e s ' and so f e l l i n t o Cicero's-

disfavour. But the twofold i m p r o b a b i l i t y that Caesar's a s s a s s i n

j o i n e d Antony and that Antony, whose p o s i t i o n depended on h i s popular-

i t y w i t h Caesar's v e t e r a n s , was a t t h i s point prepared to accept him

as a ' p o l i t i c a l a s s o c i a t e ' i s r e a l l y insurmountable. These two L.

M i n u c i i B a s i l i have to be separated.

M. (MINUCIUS?) (39) BASILUS

The MSS i n Clmcnt. 107 have bcU>*HuA, as i n Gruen's c i t a t i o n (LaAt

Generation, p. 197 n.133). That i s what MSS u s u a l l y do to the cog-

nomen ' B a s i l u s , ' though good ones o c c a s i o n a l l y preserve i t , as do

some of Caesar's i n 8.G. VII.90.5 and the Wurzburg fragment i n

Att. 216 ( X I . 5 ) . 3 . Luc. IV.416 et BaAi&um videKe ducem precludes

any doubt.

'A.» (MINUCIUS) (61) THERMUS

Cf. Flacc. 98 innocent* oX foona6 viA at omnibuub njdbvJs otinatuA hu>

hoc anno mc dc^mdcntc abJbolxvtwb CAt, A. ThcnmuA. Cicero represents

the prosecutions i n 59 as i n s p i r e d by C a t i l i n a r i a n sympathizers. No

other record a t t e s t s the e x i s t e n c e of A. (Minucius) Thermus, and the

praenomen, as Munzer remarks, i s not found elsewhere among the

Minucii. Some MSS omit i t ; and P a r i s i n u s 14749 (Z) , which has

 55

i t (atheXmuA), has A . (Metellus) f o r £. (other MSS have M . ) a

l i t t l e f u r t h e r on ( 1 0 0 ) . I t i s t h e r e f o r e reasonable to suppose that

Cicero's c l i e n t i n 59 was none other than Q . Minucius (67) Thermus,

who as Tribune i n 62 had a c t i v e l y supported Cato a g a i n s t Metellus

Nepos ( P l u t . C a t . lUn.- 27 f . ; Dio, XXXVII.43.2) and l a t e r became

governor of A s i a . One of C i c e r o ' s l e t t e r s to him i n that c a p a c i t y

(Fam. 115 [ I I . 1 8 ] ) shows that t h e i r r e l a t i o n s were more than merely

official.

Munzer (RE XV.1972.9) remarks t h a t Q . Thermus i s g e n e r a l l y r e -

ferred to by simple cognomen, 'was dafiir s p r i c h t , dass es i n

C i c e r o n i s c h e r Z e i t nur d i e s e n einen bekannten Trager des Namens gab.'

What then of the Thermus who stood f o r the Consulship i n 65 ( A £ t . 10

[I.l].2)? He i s q u i t e l i k e l y to have been, by adoption, C. Marcius

Figulus (Thermus), Consul i n 64 (see my n o t e ) , and probably died soon

after 63.

MUSTELA (3)

There i s no need to adopt Munzer's caution w i t h regard to

I I . 8 ('einer s t a r k e n t s t e l l t e n S t e l l e ' ) and X I I . 4 . Both r e f e r to

two Antonian p a r t i s a n s , Seius Mustela and Numisius T i r o . Clark's

reading i n the former, Ma4£e£ae tamm SeXo oX TVtowi NiwUrZo, is

v i r t u a l l y that of the MSS, except f o r the Vaticanus, which presents

a reduction, mo6 at la.aX.om QAAe. = muAtoZao. tamzvi <6e.

NIKIAS (17)

tuo HJLcJXL i n Fam. 209 ( V I I . 2 3 ) . 4 i s s u r e l y C i c e r o ' s f r i e n d C u r t i u s

N i c i a s of Cos. There i s no need to make him 'Geschaftsfiihrer des M.

 56
1
Fadius [ i . e . Fabius] G a l l u s (Munzer). As w i l l be made c l e a r e l s e -

where, t h i s l e t t e r (to G a l l u s ) belongs to 46 or 45 (probably December

4 6 ) , not 49 ( a s Munzer, f o l l o w i n g F. Marx) o r e a r l i e r . Herzog's

i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of C u r t i u s N i c i a s w i t h the t y r a n t of Cos ( N i k i a s [ 1 4 ] )

remains questionable (see my note on Att. 126 [ V I I . 3 ] . 1 0 ) , p a r t i c u -

l a r l y a s N i c i a s i s so common a name; f o r i t s occurrence i n Cos c f .

E. L. Hicks and W. A. Paton, Thd lvi6(LtvlptL0VU> o£ Co<6 (1891), index.

L. OCTAVIUS (45) BALBUS

f 1
P. OCTAVIUS (46) BALBUS

That these two, j u r o r s r e s p e c t i v e l y i n the t r i a l s of Verres

(\)Wi. I I . 2 . 3 1 ; Ps.-Ascon. 263, Stangl) and Oppianicus (Clucvvt. 107)

and c h a r a c t e r i z e d by C i c e r o i n very s i m i l a r terms, were one, as Munzer

suggested (though t h i n k i n g i t very p o s s i b l e t h a t they were ' a h n l i c h

geartete B r i i d e r ' ) , seems h i g h l y probable. The c o r r e c t praenomen ( c f .

Gruen, LaAt Gm&uxtiovi, p. 202 n.155) i s l i k e l y to be L u c i u s f o r two

reasons advanced by Miinzer and Wiseman (CI. (). 14 [1964]. p. 124)

1
respectively: that ' L u c i u s i s a t t e s t e d s i x times i n MSS against

'Publius* once, and that Publius i s an uncommon praenomen among the

republican O c t a v i i .

C. ORCIVIUS (1)

Cf. CZximt. 147, e t a l . According to Munzer (RE X V I I I . 907.16) ,

c i t i n g 0/icut. 160, the name was commonly pronounced 'Orchivius,* but

written 'Orcivius. 1
C i c e r o , however, i n the OKatoK can only be under-

stood to mean the contrary, though i n s c r i p t i o n s , e s p e c i a l l y a t

Praeneste, g e n e r a l l y s p e l l without the a s p i r a t e .

 57

OTHO ( c f . Roscius [ 2 2 ] )

Syme (H<U>tosvLa, 13 [1964]. p. 112) has shown some reason to be

more p o s i t i v e than Munzer and von der Miihll about i d e n t i f y i n g the h e i r

to Scapula's e s t a t e ( s e e P. [QUINCTIUS?] SCAPULA) w i t h L. Roscius

(22) Otho.

M PACUVIUS ( 4 )
Q. PACUVIUS (5)

According to Asconius' MSS (19.7, C l a r k ) , these b r o t h e r s had the

cognomen 'Claudius' (cognomine ClcuidLLi). Gruen, (LaAt Generation,

p. 333 n.107) remarks t h a t 'some have emended to CaJLdl, u n n e c e s s a r i l y , '

but produces n e i t h e r example nor analogy f o r a cognomen 'Claudius.'

Clark was s u r e l y r i g h t to read Claudi (Manutius); f o r the cognomen

'Claudus' o r 'Cludus' see Kajanto, p. 241.

PAPIA (15)

The s t r o n g l y a t t e s t e d v . l . pappia (Oppianicus' w i f e ) i n Chient.

27 i s not c e r t a i n l y wrong. Schulze (Eigennamen, p. 426) c i t e s C I L

VI.23815.

CN. PAPIRIUS (38) CARBO

The personage of whom C i c e r o w r i t e s to P a p i r i u s Paetus i n F a m .

188 (IX.21).3 cognovimuA Cn. Casibonem et eiuA ^hattim Aojjjwm; quid

AM* XmpKobXixA'l can h a r d l y be the Marian Consul, as g e n e r a l l y supposed.

He was probably an otherwise unrecorded member of the f a m i l y ; s e e

Pkilol. 114 (1970). pp. 94 f .

 58

SEX. PEDUCAEUS (6)

A Sex. Peducaeus was on t r i a l i n 50 (Fam. 97 [ V I I I . 1 4 ] . 1 ) .

He may have been Tribune i n 55 and C a e s a r i a n governor of S a r d i n i a i n

48 (App. B . C . 11.48): c f . LdtteAA to AttlcuA I , P- 34 n.2, a l s o note

on Att. 136 ( V I I . 1 3 ) . 3 . H i s namesake, son of the P r a e t o r of 77,

f r i e n d of A t t i c u s and C i c e r o , and c l e a r l y a Roman Knight, should be

kept out of any of t h i s .

PHILOTIMOS (1)

Munzer should have d i s t i n g u i s h e d between T e r e n t i a ' s freedman

and h i s namesake, a freedman of C i c e r o ' s mentioned i n Att. 309 ( X I I I .

33). 1 p/ioi&66uA ert VhilottmuA LLboAtuA; noAti, cJizdo, tlbrajvium.

The l a t t e r i s doubtless VhJJLotimum llboAtum of Att. 198 (X.7).2,

and may w e l l be intended i n other passages g e n e r a l l y taken to r e f e r

to the former.

M. POMPILIUS (4) ANDRONICUS

Fam. 190 ( I X . 16).7 quem tu mlkl popiUtlum, qu&m dma/Uum noAAaA,

quam tyfiotantcht patlnam? i s less corrupt than i s g e n e r a l l y supposed.

ddYlOAtum should never have been suspected, and poptlZlum i s no p i l o t -

f i s h or octopus but, probably, PompilLum, the penurious Epicurean

gtiammaticuA who spent h i s l a t t e r days a t Cumae (Suet. G/iamm. 8 ) . T h i s

a t t r a c t i v e proposal comes from M. Demmel's v a l u a b l e d i s s e r t a t i o n on

the correspondence w i t h P a p i r i u s Paetus (Cologne, 1962).

L. POSTUMIUS (15)

Ps.-Sall. EpLbt. ad CaQA. I I . 9 . 4 b r a c k e t s L. Postumius with M.

Favonius as members, or r a t h e r hangers-on, of the p o l i t i c a l group

 59

that centred around Cato. He i s s a f e l y i d e n t i f i e d w i t h the Postumius

of Att. 139 ( V I I . 1 5 ) . 2 , who refused to go to S i c i l y i n 49 except i n

Cato's company, and h a r d l y l e s s s a f e l y w i t h the s t o u t r e p u b l i c a n T.

Postumius i n &uit. 269 dc Kd publico. vvio non minuA vehement on.atoK

quam beVbatOK fiuit. Therefore the praenomen has to be changed e i t h e r

i n P s . - S a l l u s t or i n the BftutuA. Sumner (OnatonA, p. 144) b e l i e v e s

that emendation i n the l a t t e r i s o b l i g a t o r y 'because no T. Postumii

occur i n the whole e r a of the R e p u b l i c , l e t alone i t s l a s t century.'

That argument i s not so cogent as i t sounds. Praenomina are s e v e r e l y

r e s t r i c t e d i n noble f a m i l i e s ; the p a t r i c i a n Postumii A l b i n i confine

themselves to Aulus, L u c i u s , and S p u r i u s , though Marcus and P u b l i u s

are found among t h e i r f i f t h - c e n t u r y f o r b e a r s . But non-noble members

of noble gentes show much more l a t i t u d e , and i n the r e p u b l i c a n period

are not as a r u l e recorded i n numbers l a r g e enough to j u s t i f y hard

and f a s t c o n c l u s i o n s ( s e e under SEX. SERVILIUS).

Sumner pushes amalgamation f u r t h e r (Phoenix, 25 [1971], p. 254;

Q>iatotti>, I . e . ) . There i s 'Postumus' ( 4 ) , who, along w i t h S e r .

S u l p i c i u s Rufus and h i s son and M. Cato, prosecuted Murena i n 63.

Cicero's speech names him i n four p l a c e s (54, 56, 57, 6 9 ) , but never

with praenomen, d e s c r i b i n g him as {amilioJii mco, OKnatib&imo vino

(54), Murena's o l d f a m i l y f r i e n d and neighbour, and a candidate f o r

the P r a e t o r s h i p . Sumner would make him a Postumius Albinus and

i d e n t i f y him with the Postumius of the B>iutut> and P s . - S a l l u s t . I t is

a powerful point i n favour of the f i r s t p r o p o s i t i o n that the e l d e r

S u l p i c i u s ' wife was a Postumia of the A l b i n i ; a g a i n s t i s the consensus

of the MSS, which being four times repeated counts f o r something

 60

even i n so minimal a change. Add that i f 'Postumus* was a Postumius

Albinus he has to be d i s t i n g u i s h e d from the P s . - S a l l u s t i a n L u c i u s ,

who was not YiobtUJi—the passage has sometimes been misapprehended,

but that i s i t s c l e a r i m p l i c a t i o n ; c f . CI. Q.. 10 ( 1 9 6 0 ) . p. 2 5 6 .

With those aforementioned Sumner would f u r t h e r amalgamate a

Moneyer of 74 (Crawford 3 9 4 ) , C. Postumius ( 1 2 ) . His coins feature

a bust of Diana Aventina, a l s o found on c o i n s i s s u e d by A l b i n i . On

one of them the name C. POSTUMI on the r e v e r s e i s followed by a mono-

gram A, r e p r e s e n t i n g AT or TA, i n view of which he can s c a r c e l y have

been an A l b i n u s . Furthermore h i s praenomen i s never found among the

p a t r i c i a n Postumii ( S u l l a had a haruspex c a l l e d C. Postumius [11]).

This praenomen i s a l s o a g a i n s t i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w i t h Postumius ( 1 5 ) .

I do not think the evidence can be made to answer a l l questions

decisively. But d e s p i t e the MSS of the pHO MuAma I am i n c l i n e d to

agree w i t h Sumner about the i d e n t i t y of 'Postumus' w i t h the Moneyer,

and suspect t h a t , though not of the A l b i n i , he was somehow connected

w i t h them and allowed to use t h e i r badge. Postumius (15) i s b e t t e r

kept apart from e i t h e r .

The C a e s a r i a n 'Postumius' (8) of Tarn. 226 ( V I . 1 2 ) . 2 and three

passages i n Appian i s doubtless C. C u r t i u s ( R a b i r i u s ) Postumus: see

Miinzer's entry. The Postumius in Att. 114 (V.21).9 seems to be

D. Brutus A l b i n u s ; see my note.

*PRECILIUS

Or P r a e c i l i u s ? The name of t h i s f r i e n d of C i c e r o and Caesar

occurs three times i n Fam. 317 ( X I I I . 1 5 ) , the MSS v a r y i n g i n d e c i s i v e l y

between the forms. Both a r e a t t e s t e d e p i g r a p h i c a l l y .

 61

*PRECIUS

See my note on Att. 123 (VI.9).2. I n Att. 176 ( I X . 9 ) . 4 egl peA

^pHedum^ WLe daAet tanti, cam ka.beA.ct venate, I would read VK.cci.am

as proposed i n my note, because that i s c l o s e r to pH.ed.am than the f o r -

mer v u l g a t e pAaedem and because f o r the reasons there given pAaedem

i s unacceptable: v i z . C i c e r o would not have wanted a s u r e t y before

the property was f o r s a l e , would not have mentioned one anonymously,

and would not have used the word pAaeb i s connexion with a p r i v a t e

transaction. On 'Precianus 1
of Tarn. 29 ( V I I . 8 ) . 2 see below, p. 126.

Note a l s o the p o l i t i c a l l y i n f l u e n t i a l courtesan P r a e c i a ( P l u t . Luc. 6).

PUBLILIUS ( c f . 4)

The p a r a d o s i s PubtluA i s r i g h t i n Att. 244 ( X I I . 7 ) . l ; see my

note ad l o c .

T t
* PUBLIUS

The p a r a d o s i s PubLLuA i n Vam. 185 (XVI.22).1 i s c l e a r l y wrong.

Reasons other than p a l a e o g r a p h i c a l for reading PubZittuA (0. E.

Schmidt) w i l l be given elsewhere.

P. QUINCTILIUS (2) (VARUS)

According to Kinsey, nothing more i s known of the j u r i s t P.

Q u i n t i l i u s i n Qutnct. 54; but there seems to be no o b s t a c l e to h i s

i d e n t i t y with P. Q u i n t i l i u s (QaAntluA C odd.) Varus of CZuent. 53,

described as homo Aumma AeZigione et Aumma auctoAltate phjaedJAuA

(see Gundel i n RE).

 62

QUINTIUS ( Q u i n c t i u s 49) GALLUS

Named i n the headings of two l e t t e r s , Fam. 268 and 270 ( X I I I . 4 3

and 4 4 ) . He was a Quaestor or Legate about to j o i n the governor of

C i l i c i a i n the w i n t e r of 47-46, as shown by Syme, AnatoLian Studies

ptiZAtntdd to in). H. BuckleA (1939), pp. 315 f f . Broughton's statement

(Suppl. p. 27) that 'the MSS readings i n C i c . Fam. 13.43 favour QiUntlo

GaZlo, not Qixlnto GaLLLo' r e q u i r e s some q u a l i f i c a t i o n . I n the f i r s t

l e t t e r the MSS are d i v i d e d between QUJHTJO GALLJO and QU1NT10 GALLO;

i n the second they a l l have simply GALLJO. I f the r i g h t heading i s

Q. GALLJO (Manutius), the addressee can be i d e n t i f i e d w i t h Q. G a l l i u s

( 7 ) , the P r a e t o r deposed by Octavian i n 43 (so Syme). Munzer, however

(RE X V I I I [ 1 ] . 738.14), supported by Gundel ( i b i d . XXIV.1102.1),

favours QUJHTJO GALLO and G A L L O on the evidence of an i n s c r i p t i o n of

e a r l y date from the Aequian country recording one Q. Q u i n c t i u s Q. f .

G a l l u s (CIL I . 1 8 2 0 = IX.4023).
2
T h i s may be r i g h t . But both Munzer

and (by i m p l i c a t i o n ) Gundel misrepresent the MSS; and i f QliJHFJO GALLO

i s read i n 268 ( X I I I . 4 3 ) , a praenomen, presumably , has to be

added, s i n c e C i c e r o does not head l e t t e r s w i t h nomen + cognomen.

P. (QUINCTIUS?) (53) SCAPULA

QllLnct. 17 mentions one P. Scapula, e v i d e n t l y deceased, who i s i n

a l l p r o b a b i l i t y i d e n t i c a l w i t h P. Quintius Scapula of P l i n . .V.H.

V I I . 1 8 3 , who died w h i l e d i n i n g w i t h A q u i l l i u s G a l l u s ( c f . Syme,

HJutotvLa, 13 [1964]. p. 1 1 2 ) . For i n the speech A q u i l l i u s i s s a i d

to have s e t t l e d a pecuniary d i s p u t e between Scapula's c h i l d r e n and

C i c e r o ' s c l i e n t P. Q u i n c t i u s i n v i r t u e of h i s connexion with the

 63

family [ptiopten neceA&AXuicLlnem quae, ttbZ cum ScapulU e&t).

I n 45 C i c e r o was much i n t e r e s t e d i n buying a v a l u a b l e suburban

property \hohXX) from the h e i r s of a r e c e n t l y deceased Scapula ( s e e

LetteAA to KtXlcuii, V, pp. 410 f . ) , i n whom s c h o l a r s have not been

u n w i l l i n g to recognize T. Q u i n c t i u s (54) Scapula, the Roman Knight

who l e d Caesar's mutinous troops i n Spain and perished soon a f t e r

Munda. But h i s goods would s u r e l y have been f o r f e i t to the s t a t e .

More probably the l e a d e r of the mutineers and the estate-owner were

r e l a t i v e s , perhaps the very c h i l d r e n mentioned j.n Qulnet. 17, i n

which case the l a t t e r was probably the e l d e r , with praenomen P u b l i u s .

Kinsey ad l o c . r e f e r s to Puteanus' c o n j e c t u r e Scapula* i n Comm.

Vet. 10 ab athJur Sapalai> eX CaJvoillob . . . bibi amtcAJ>i>Ajno£>

compahavit ( s c . CatXlina). I f the c o n j e c t u r e i s c o r r e c t , t h i s Scapula

could w e l l be the p r o p r i e t o r of the kolti.

C. RABIRIUS (6) POSTUMUS

See CURTIUS POSTUMUS.

L. RACILIUS (1)

L. R a c i l i u s , who had a l a w - s u i t i n S i c i l y during V e r r e s ' Prae-

torship ( VeAA. I I . 2 . 3 1 ) , i s i d e n t i f i e d by Munzer w i t h the pro-optimate

Tribune of 56, l a t e r perhaps a c o n s p i r a t o r a g a i n s t the C a e s a r i a n

governor of F u r t h e r Spain, Q. C a s s i u s Longinus ( BeZl. Alex. 52 f f . ) .

The nomen i s so r a r e that a connexion between a l l three may reasonably

be assumed, but the man i n the VeAAtneA i s c h r o n o l o g i c a l l y more l i k e l y

to have been the Tribune's f a t h e r , as suggested by Wiseman (New Men,

p. 255).
 64
1
C. RUBELLIUS 1
(1)

According to the MSS i n Tarn. 431 ( X I I . 2 6 ) . 1 the nomen was

' R u b e l l i n u s , ' and so Sjogren and l a t e r e d i t o r s read, r e f e r r i n g to

Schulze, Elgznnamzn, p. 220.

A. 'RUPILIUS 1
(3)

Oppianicus 1
doctor (Clxiznt. 176) f
i s called Rutilius f
i n the

C l u n i a c t r a d i t i o n ( i n c l u d i n g Laurent, x l v i i i . 1 2 ( t ) , despite the

published a p p a r a t u s e s ) , which should p r e v a i l ; see under FLORUS. The

praenomen A u l u s ' i s common to both gzntQA •

f

1
L. SABELLIUS 1
(1)

The reading SabzlLLo i n Bnut. 131 i s a conjecture for 4anc£c6.

Perhaps i t should be Salzvio as proposed by Badian, J . R . S . 57

[ 1 9 6 7 ] . p. 227.

f
Q . SALVIDIENUS (4) RUFUS SALVIUS'

On the name of t h i s important personage Syme, Roman Revolution,

p. 129 n.2, has the f o l l o w i n g : 'Coins of t h i s man s t r u c k i n 40 B.C.

d e s c r i b e him as " Q . S a l v i u s imp. cos. d e s i g . " No other authority

gives " S a l v i u s " as h i s name; had he taken to l a t i n i z i n g the a l i e n

gznttticluml or else " S a l v i u s " i s a cognomzn. f

I prefer a third

p o s s i b i l i t y , already adumbrated by Munzer (RE I A.2019.38). Originally

Q . S a l v i d i e n u s Rufus, he was adopted by a Q . S a l v i u s . L i k e others

he may have kept h i s former name i n general use, while becoming

f
officially Q . Salvius Salvidienus (Rufus). 1
See below, p. 82.
 65

*SAPALA

See QUINCTIUS SCAPULA. A cognomen 'Sapala' seems to be o t h e r -

wise u n a t t e s t e d , though c f . 'Sapalo' i n CIL X I I . 3 8 8 6 and X I I I . 1 8 7 ,

both from southern Gaul.

M. SEIUS (4)

There i s no s a y i n g what name l i e s behind Att. 113 (V.20).8

incmdlo Vlaztontano quod ^loA.uAf ( v . l . IzuuU) aduAtuA QJ>t mlnuA

motdAtd {WO. P r o f e s s o r Badian p o i n t s out as probably no more than

a coincidence that a P l a e t o r i u s and a Venuleius are a s s o c i a t e d as

victims of S u l l a ( c f . Munzer, RE X X . 1 9 4 9 . 2 8 ) . The former v u l g a t e

SzbxA was d i s c r e d i t e d i n Vkilol. 108 ( 1 9 6 4 ) . p. 106 and silently

j e t t i s o n e d i n Watt's Oxford Text of 1 9 6 5 . On 'Seius' of Fam.

35 ( V I I . 1 2 ) . 1 see VELLEIUS.

P. SEPTIMIUS (12)

The homo ohnatuA mentioned i n F £ a c c . 88 does not have to be

d i s t i n g u i s h e d from Varro's Quaestor, P. Septimius ( 1 1 ) . As a

Senator he would no doubt have r e c e i v e d a s u p e r l a t i v e , OHncutLbAAjmuA,

i f he had not been a w i t n e s s f o r the p r o s e c u t i o n .

SEX. SERVILIUS (31)

My proposal to d e l e t e the praenomen i n Fam. 259 (V.10 ) . l

(Philol. 105 [ 1 9 6 1 ] . pp. 75 f . ) i s r e t r a c t e d . 'Sextus' i s an

extremely r a r e praenomen i n the gens S e r v i l i a , but an i n s c r i p t i o n ,

p o s s i b l y from Salonae, names Sex. S e r v i l i u s Sex. f . (CIL I I I . 1 4 2 8 4 =

XI.217). The man in Vatinius 1

l e t t e r , w r i t t e n from I l l y r i c u m , may

have been r e s i d e n t i n that province.

 66

SERVIUS (4) OCELLA

Or 'Sevius, 1
which i s the p a r a d o s i s i n Vam. 92 ( V I I I . 7 ) . 2 ?

See the f o l l o w i n g .

SERVIUS (5) POLA

homo ta.oX.QA oX {tKixA, Vola SeAviuA ( £ . F/i. I I . 1 2 . 2 ) i s f u r t h e r

mentioned by C a e l i u s Rufus i n F a m . 98 ( V I I I . 1 2 ) . 2 f . as P o l a S e r v i u s
! 1

and 'Pola. 1
The i n v e r s i o n suggests that ' S e r v i u s 1
is g&nti£icium

r a t h e r than praenomen. On 0. F/L. I I . 5 . 4 aotXldianaz damnations

inimicomim, in quibuA m e pentibentt SeAviu* adltiub QJ>t, CQXQAL

COncXduntliA c f . now Gruen, LaAt GmoAaXlon, p. 305 n.167: 'Servius

i s customarily i d e n t i f i e d w i t h a S e r v i u s Pola who turns up again i n

54 . . . But a man convicted i n 56 would not be around to engage i n

p o l i t i c s i n 54. Given the p o l i t i c a l a s s o c i a t i o n s , the two i n d i v i d u a l s

1
are very l i k e l y r e l a t e d . That i s a l l that can be s a i d w i t h confidence

( c f . p. 331). I n f a c t , more than a l l . The paradosis i n 0. TK. I I . 5 . 4

(as i n F a m . 92 [ V I I I . 7 ] . 2 ; see above) i s AoxiiaA, and SzviuA is

read by Watt (on the meaning see J.R.S. 45 [1955]. pp. 35 f . ) .

1
'SICURA

A s l a v e of one F e l i x , deceased, appears by t h i s name i n (?. F^L.

f
III.7.8. Munzer s adduction o f the Saguntine Sicoris i n S i l . Ital.

1.633 does not r e a s s u r e , and c o r r u p t i o n i s to be suspected. Perhaps

T T
the o r i g i n a l was S c u r r a , found as a s l a v e name i n a number of

Roman i n s c r i p t i o n s ( C I L I and I X , i n d i c e s ) .
 67

F
A . S I L I U S ' (3)

The man whose hofctl so much i n t e r e s t e d C i c e r o i n 45 was i n a l l

l i k e l i h o o d h i s and A t t i c u s ' f r i e n d P. S i l i u s ( 8 ) , governor of

B i t h y n i a i n 51-50; s e e L&ttZAA to AttiCJUA, V, pp. 407 f . On the

readings A . SJJUu6 and A . SUlo i n Att. 263 ( X I I . 2 4 ) . 1 and 265

( X I I . 2 6 ) . 1 see i b i d . I n the former p l a c e OAylLLuA might represent

A&MAJUA, or even AAQZILO, as w e l l as A&tniuA; c f . Aeuioos 'AauXXios

i n Diodor. XXXVII.8 and AO\3KI6S T I S 'AauAAios i n Dio, XLIX.43.7,

with Badian's comments (PtOC. A ^ . CI. A64. 2 '[1968]. pp. 2 f . ) .

1
'SIREGIUS

Corruption i n Att. 394 (XV.17).l vwJULum dYwm veAbum a Siiegio

i s g e n e r a l l y recognised. On SaAa Kdgio (Gronovius) see my note.

P a l a e o g r a p h i c a l l y the c l o s e s t s u b s t i t u t e would seem to be SeAgio,

but something l e s s f a m i l i a r [SyagAol] i s more l i k e l y to have caused

the trouble.

SPURINNA (2)

Cf. Fam. 362 ( I X . 2 4 ) . 2 . He ought not to have been c a l l e d

' V e s t r i c i u s Spurinna 1
( c f . Tac. Wirt. 11.11) by T y r r e l l and P u r s e r .

'Spurinna 1
i s a gtntilicAum; c f . Gundel, RE V I I I A.1791.23.

N. 'SUFFUSTIUS'

An u n a t t e s t e d nomen, ignored by Schulze. One of the three

p r i n c i p a l MSS, i n Vlv. 11.85, has Au{)£uAcium. Munzer i n c l i n e s to

Suhkicium ( f C a t u l l . 54.5).
C AuhuAtLum ( c f . Syme, WUtonJLa., 4 [1955]

p. 56; Wiseman, New M e n , p. 216) might be considered.

 68

SULLA

My suggestion Simla i n (J. FA. 1.2.9 (PAOC. Cam. VhUL. Soc. 7

1
[1961]. p. 1) was unnecessary. 'Sulla i s a t t e s t e d as a s l a v e name

i n an i n s c r i p t i o n o f 59 (TLLRP 2 0 0 ) .

L. 'TARQUITIUS' ( 2 ; c f . T a r q u i n i u s 10)

E d i t o r s (myself included) read TaAquvUo i n Alt. 122 (VI.8).4

on u n r e l i a b l e a u t h o r i t y . The extant MSS have ta/iquinlo or tatiqulno.

The gdntiZlclam 'Tarquinius,' though l e s s frequent than ' T a r q u i t i u s , '

i s p l e n t i f u l l y a t t e s t e d ( c f . CIL V.7852, VI.4657, IX.5331, X.4410,

e t c . ) , and ought to be r e t a i n e d . Miinzer's warning (RE IV.A 2390.16)

a g a i n s t the 'tempting p o s s i b i l i t y ' of renaming L. T a r q u i n i u s (10)

and i d e n t i f y i n g him with t h i s 'L. T a r q u i t i u s ' thus becomes superfluous.

P. 'TETTIUS' (3)

The nomen of C. Claudius Nero's accznAuA i n A s i a occurs twice i n

VdWi. I I . 1.71. I n the f i r s t p l a c e a l l MSS of any v a l u e read P. PtttluA

(or VzctuiA) . I n the second, where modern e d i t o r s record no v a r i a n t ,

In tdttl tOAtlmonlo seems to be the p a r a d o s i s , though H a r l e i a n i 4105

and 4852 (KZ) have Intcctl (It&ctL), Harleianus 2687 ( r ) InceAtcl,

and Laurentianus x l v i i i . 2 9 (q) In tzctli over an e r a s u r e (the order

i n many e d i t i o n s In teAtlmonlo Ttttl seems to have no a u t h o r i t y ) .

On t h i s evidence I am i n c l i n e d to favour ' P e t t i u s , ' the r a r e r nomen

of the two, even though the 'p' i n the MSS might be due to the

praenomen.
 69
1
'SEX. TETTIUS (4)

The vulgate i n Vam. 84 ( V I I I . 8 ) . 3 emiAAOAio S . Ttttio, originated

by an anonymous f r i e n d of Manutius, must be d i s c a r d e d so f a r as

f T f f
the name goes. S. for Sex. i s i n a d m i s s i b l e as a l i t e r a r y

abbreviation and the reading of the Mediceus £m^64a HixAtoJiio leaves

the nomen i n doubt. P o s s i b l y Static ( c f . VhULol. 114 [1970]. p. 9 3 ) .

f f
C. T I T I U S (41) STRABO
L. TITIUS (42) STRABO

Gaius was a l o y a l r e p u b l i c a n recommended by Cicero to C a s s i u s i n

43 {Jam. 376 [ X I I . 6 ] . 1 ) , L u c i u s a Roman Knight recommended by C i c e r o

to M. Brutus i n 46 (¥am. 281 [ X I I I . 1 4 ] . I f . ) . Miinzer takes t h e l a t t e r

for the former's f a t h e r or brother. I n t h e l e t t e r to C a s s i u s the nomen

f ! 1
is Tidius i n the MSS, i n that to Brutus (twice) ' T i t i u s or
T
'Ticius.

1 1
'Tidius ( ' T e i d i u s ) i s an unexceptionable nomen, and u n l i k e l y to
f f
be a corruption of the r e l a t i v e l y common T i t i u s . I t should there-

fore be r e s t o r e d i n the f i r s t l e t t e r , and perhaps s u b s t i t u t e d i n the

second, though as to the l a t t e r we cannot be s u r e . I d e n t i c a l cognomina

1
with similar-sounding nomina a r e not u n b e l i e v a b l e ; ' C o t t a i n the

gentes A u r e l i a and Aurunculeia i s a c e r t a i n example. Moreover

1
'Strabo i s a common cognomen, and as P r o f e s s o r Badian has pointed

out to me, does not seem to run i n f a m i l i e s . I t may, however, be

worth noting that the name of Sejanus* f a t h e r , whose stepmother seems

to have been a T e i d i a , was L . Seius Strabo; c f . Wiseman, LatomuA,

22 (1963). pp. 87 f f .
 70

'P. TULLIO'

tia/i. R e a p . 1 mentions 'P. T u l l i o the S y r i a n ' (P. TuJULioni Sytio)

1
as involved i n proceedings before the Senate r e s p e c t i n g Gabinius
1
a d m i n i s t r a t i o n of S y r i a . 'P. T u l l i o i s a strange name f o r a S y r i a n ,

and we a r e t o l d that Cicero c a l l s him 'Syrus' merely i n contempt.

1
That does not seem p a r t i c u l a r l y l i k e l y . 'Tullio i s an odd cognomen

even f o r a Roman. Perhaps he r e a l l y was a S y r i a n , and a Greek name

has been corrupted. 'Pantoleon' suggests itself. The d a t i v e should

probably be Pantoleonti (see Neue-Wagener, VofimcntckH.0?, I , pp. 237

f.), though Vantoltoni i s not impossible. But the name may have

been S e m i t i c .

M. TULLIUS (15)

C i c e r o ' s o f f i c i a l AChiha i n C i l i c i a was not h i s freedman and i s

t h e r e f o r e not to be i d e n t i f i e d w i t h T u l l i u s (40) Laurea. See my note

on Att. 97 ( V . 4 ) . l and LetteAA to AtticuA, V I I , p. 96.

TUTIA ( c f . T u t i u s )

Tutia[m) r a t h e r than lutia[m) i s to be read i n Att. 408 (XV.29).2

and 412 (XVI.2).5. See my note on the former. I t i s , however, r i g h t

to n o t i c e t h a t iutio i s corrupted to totio and tutio [tucio) i n Ha/i.

R&6p. 43.

UMMIUS ( c f . Ummidius [ 1 ] )

Cf. C i c e r o to T i r o , fam. 41 (XVI.14).1: medico mWccdlA quantum

po&cet pHjomlXti tubeo. id Ac/iLp&i ad Ummium. The name i s apparently

unique, but note 'Uraeius' (Schulze, Eigcnnamm, p. 258). Ummidium

 71

(Lallemand) i s not a strong p o s s i b i l i t y ; on t h e Ummidii see Syme,

Htbtofuta, 17 (1968). pp. 72 f f . 1

Nor can Miinzer s suggestion that

'Ummius' i s the Ummidius of Casinum mentioned by Varro (R.R. III.3.9)

be e n t e r t a i n e d , f o r T i r o was a t Formiae, and a t Casinum 'the Ummidii

occupied a d y n a s t i c and p r i n c e l y rank' (Syme, I . e . , p. 103). The

name, apparently a gzvitLJU~c£um, suggests an ingenuous banker o r agent

rather than the s l a v e steward surmised by T y r r e l l and P u r s e r .

L. VALERIUS (62)

Whether or not C i c e r o ' s and T r e b a t i u s T e s t a ' s f r i e n d the mimo-

grapher V a l e r i u s i n Fam. 34 ( V I I . 1 1 ) . 2 i s the lawyer L. V a l e r i u s of

Fam. 21 (1.10) cannot c e r t a i n l y be determined. Miinzer p r o p e r l y scouts

i d e n t i f i c a t i o n with the poet C. V a l e r i u s C a t u l l u s . Mimes, however,

were w r i t t e n by a C a t u l l u s (2) mentioned by M a r t i a l , J u v e n a l , and

Tertullian. The general assumption that he wrote under the Empire i s

not e s t a b l i s h e d by the information i n Suet. Cat. 57.4 that h i s

'Laureolus' was pdK^oHmzd i n C a l i g u l a ' s time. He could have been r e -

l a t e d and contemporary w i t h the poet and an ancestor of the V a l e r i i

C a t u l l i of the i m p e r i a l period; a l s o the author of a s e n a r i u s preserved

by P r i s c i a n and a s c r i b e d by him to ' V a l e r i u s i n "Phormio;"' c f .

Ribbeck, Com. Rom. Frag.2, p. 302.

l
L . ' VALERIUS (366) TRIARIUS

His e x i s t e n c e r e s t s on V<LHA. I I . 1.37, where a T r i a r i u s i s r e -

corded as Quaestor Urbanus i n 81. Some MSS give h i s praenomen as Q..,

but the weight of t h e i r a u t h o r i t y i s h e a v i l y f o r G . L. has s c a r c e l y

any support.
 72

H i s supposed brother, C. V a l e r i u s (363) T r i a r i u s , i s s t a t e d by

S a l l u s t ' s e p i t o m i s t to have been Propraetor i n S a r d i n i a i n 77 and

to have defeated an attempt by Lepidus to take over the province

( S a i l . HiAt. p. 62, Maurenbrecher; c f . Ascon. 19.1, C l a r k ) .

According to A. J . M a r s h a l l (ku.fctLe.g and Ule.deAgang deA HomlAchm

Welt, f
I [1972], p. 903) a l l governors a f t e r the S u l l a n reforms ( e x -

cept f o r the r a r e case of a quaeAtoH. pH.0 pHaeXoH.il) , whether proceeding

from the p r a e t o r s h i p or the c o n s u l a t e , were almost c e r t a i n l y holders

of tmpeAlum pH.o confute, u n t i l the lex VompeXd i n 52 B.C. r e s t o r e d the

standing of pHJO pHaetoke.. ' On t h i s showing i t may be suggested that

C. T r i a r i u s was i n charge of S a r d i n i a as IdgatuA pHO pHaetoKe., i n

which case i t becomes p o s s i b l e to i d e n t i f y him w i t h the Quaestor of 81.

'VALGIUS' (1)

{/algl i s read f o r uulgl i n Leg. kgk. I I . 3 a s the name of R u l l u s 1

f a t h e r - i n - l a w , SullanuA pOhbeAhOH. on a grand s c a l e . I n §8 he i s s a i d

to occupy the e n t i r e ageA HiAplniiA; hence Dessau's i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w i t h

a patAonuA of Acelanum i n the country of the H i r p i n i , C. Q u i n c t i u s

C. f . V a l g ( u s ) , recorded i n an i n s c r i p t i o n which may be of C i c e r o ' s

time (1LLRP 646). For more concerning him see Gundel's entry and

P. B. Harvey's study i n CloAAlcA and the. ClaAAlcal THadJjtion (1973),

pp. 79 f . The i d e n t i f i c a t i o n seems as good as c e r t a i n , and I am a t

a l o s s to understand Gundel's s c r u p l e : 'Denn wahrend i n ValguA

e i n d e u t i g e i n Individualcognomen v o r l i e g t , s p r i c h t d i e Bildung ValgluA

f u r e i n Gentilnomen, der zwar eng mit dem Cognomen zusammenhangen kann,

aber durchaus n i c h t muss, wie analoge B e i s p i e l e ( v g l . E. F r a n k e l o.

Bd. XVI S.1656, 48 f f . ) zeigen.'

 73

L. VARIUS (6) COTYLA

C l a r k has 'Cotylo 1
i n Phil. V.5 and 7, as favoured by the MSS,
f f
but C o t y l a i n V I I I . 2 4 and 28 and X I I I . 2 6 without mention of v a r i a n t .

P l u t a r c h (Ant. 18.8) has KoxuAwva. f

Cf. also Cotulo f
i n C I L XII.5686.

274. Syme (CI. Phil. 50 [1955]. p. 135) was mistaken i n supposing

the praenomen to l a c k a u t h o r i t y ; c f . Phil. VIII.33.

P. 'VATINIUS' (1)

Gundel's entry i s a s t r a y . The homo HxxAtidliA of Reate who saw

the D i o s c u r i (Mat. V. I I . 6 , e t a l . ) was c a l l e d V a t i e n u s ;

1 1 1
see

Mommsen, C I L I . p. 555 and T a y l o r , CI. Phil. 62 (1967). p. 199 n.4,

Voting VtbtAicAA, pp. 262 f . 'Vatienus' i s not a v a r i a n t but the

paradosis i n four out of the f i v e C i c e r o n i a n occurrences, w i t h strong

support i n the f i f t h (correct Taylor). W a £ , V. I I . 6 does not contain

the information t h a t he was the grandfather of P. V a t i n i u s , Tribune

i n 59; on the i d e n t i t y of the adillQACQM i n t h a t passage see T a y l o r ,

Voting VLbtAictA, I . e . and ap. Broughton, Suppl. pp. 67 f .

P. VEDIUS (1)

Pompey's f r i e n d P. Vedius i n Att. 115 (VI.1).25 i s probably

Augustus 1
f r i e n d P. Vedius (8) P o l l i o : so Syme, J . R . S . 51 (1961).

pp. 23 f f .

C. VELLEIUS (1)

K. Z i e g l e r i n R E does not mention Prechac's p a l a e o g r a p h i c a l l y

a t t r a c t i v e c o n j e c t u r e VMOAJUA ( i . e . ±ziuA) f o r zziuA i n F a m . 35 ( V I I

12). 1 of 53. The context c a l l s f o r an Epicurean, which g i v e s the

Epicurean spokesman i n Nat. V. I I an advantage over SeJtiuA or SeMiA.

 74

On the other hand, C. V e l l e i u s was c o n s i d e r a b l y o l d e r than C i c e r o ,

and probably died long before 53. That does not d e f i n i t e l y e l i m i n a t e

him, f o r the i n c i d e n t to which C i c e r o r e f e r s (probably involving liti-

gation of some s o r t ) may have l a i n i n the d i s t a n t p a s t , but a con-

temporary i s more l i k e l y . iamVLZaKUi mea6 could point to L. S a u f e i u s ,

an Epicurean mentioned i n a number of l e t t e r s to A t t i c u s , as 115

( V l . l ) . l O Sau&QsLum no&£swm, komlnem tampon, amantem mel, 125 ( V I I . 2 ) . 4

LUCAJUA no&toA.

1
VENNONIUS (5) 'VINDICIUS

d e VennoniU) VindiciU) i n Salb. 56 i s Naugerius 1

conjecture

f o r debent nont indteL. But ' V i n d i c i u s 1

i s not a p l a u s i b l e cognomen

(Kajanto's notion of a double QentJULLcium [p. 115 n.] cannot be en-

tertained). So f a r as i s known, s l a v e s were not c a l l e d a f t e r the

1
informer of L i v . I I . 5 . 1 0 (who i n c i d e n t a l l y i s c a l l e d 'Vindex by

Claudian, 11/ Con6. Hon. 613, d e s p i t e Gundel, RE I X A . 3 7 . 9 ) , and i f

the man had been a freedman C i c e r o would probably have s a i d so i n t h i s

context [TULAculanum, quod M. HetoXLi hutbbe mmineAat oX L. CtuUAi,

Ctuu&um emU&e d e libentino nomine, Sotenieo MaJicio, ad WoXeltum

pViveniAbe d e Vennoni VindXei bonir non tenebat). I see two p l a u s i b l e

answers: VindixM> and ( s l i g h t l y nearer to the MSS) indlcib; cf.

£. En. I I . 3 . 5 ab indiee Cn. Neilo . . . idem Hoxiuh Index; Att. 44

(II.24).2 VQJMJJA M e , iZte nobtoji Index.

1 f
SEX. VENNONIUS (4)

The nomen, i n \JetUi. I I . 3 . 8 9 , has very l i t t l e backing [uennonio

i n P a r i s i n u s 7776 (p) i s a c o r r e c t i o n from uennio) P a r i s i n u s 7774

 75

and Laurentianus x l v i i i . 2 9 (q) have umneviio). The C l u n i a c e n s i s

had 6£xto rrujno, which may represent Sexto Junto or Sexto \Jtn[n)io;

c f . Sex. V i n i u s Dama ( C I L VI.28978) and Sex. V i n i u s Sex. f . F l o r u s

( i b i d . 28980).

VERRIUS (1)

Manutius' i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of P a p i r i u s Paetus' f r i e n d V e r r i u s

(Fam. 193 [IX.20].2, 197 [IX.26J.1) w i t h ' V e r r i u s F l a c c u s , dem Kenner

des P o n t i f i c a l r e c h t s (Macr. Scut. 1.15,21 AuAM> poyvtifiicil peAMUA6<imuA) ,

i

dessen F r e i g e l a s s e n e r nach der allgemeinen Annahme . . . der P h i l o l o g e

1
M. V e r r i u s F l a c c u s gewesen i s t (Gundel) can be put a s i d e . I t

would be abnormal to f i n d a freedman w i t h h i s patron's cognomen;

but the man i n Macrobius i s probably V e r a n i u s , often c i t e d by F e s t u s ;

c f . 0. H i r s c h f e l d , {Dim. Stud. 3 (1881). p. 110 = Kl. SchA. 798 f .

'S. VETTIUS' (7)

S. VQJUULO used to be the vulgate i n Att. 320 ( X I I I . 1 2 ) . 4 ,

but 'S.' f o r 'Sextus' i s inadmissible. Suettio was r e s t o r e d i n

my Oxford Text of 1960.

'L.' VETTIUS (10) 'CHILO'

P. VETTIUS (11) (CHILO?)

Hanslik's e n t r i e s a r e confused. The persons concerned a r e

(a) T. V e t t i u s , V e r r e s ' Quaestor (Mwi. II.5.114; c f . II.3.168),

doubtfully = T. V e t t i u s (14) Sabinus, and (b) h i s brother, P. V e t t i u s

C h i l o , a Roman Knight (Ve/iA. I I . 3 . 1 6 6 - 1 6 8 ) : see Syme, HiAtoALa, 4

(1955). p. 71; Gruen, LaAt GenQAatiovi, p. 203 n.161.

 76

*VIDIUS

According to Syme (J.R.S. 51 [1961]. pp. 25 f . ; c f . H^totiML, 8

[1959]. pp. 211 f f . ) , t h i s name i n Fam. f

217 ( I X . l O ) . l must c l e a r l y be

improved to "Vedium," o r , b e t t e r , "Veidium,"' and he i s i n c l i n e d to

i d e n t i f y him w i t h P. Vedius ( P o l l i o ) of Att. 115 (VI.1).25. 'Vidius'

i s not recognised by Schulze, but i t s occurrence i n i n s c r i p t i o n s (CIL.

VI.28945, 36550; V I I I . 2 7 2 5 1 ; XI.5796) induces caution.

C. VISELLIUS (3) VARRO

Sumner (QhatoHA, p. 1 3 9 ) , holds that the V i s e l l i u s who d r a f t e d a

law to r e c a l l C i c e r o f o r T. F a d i u s , Tribune i n 57 (Att. 68 [ I I I . 2 3 ] . 4 ) ,

was c l e a r l y not C i c e r o ' s cousin C. V i s e l l i u s Varro. H i s view i s

supported by the praenomen T. i n the MSS, though t h i s i s u s u a l l y

omitted as a c o p y i s t ' s r e p e t i t i o n from T. Fadio. On the other hand,

Varro's r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h C i c e r o and h i s l e g a l e x p e r t i s e , i n h e r i t e d

from h i s f a t h e r Aculeo (oViat. 264), make s t r o n g l y i n favour of t h e i r

identity. Sumner h i m s e l f d i s c r e d i t s i t on the ground that Varro died

i n the year following h i s Curule A e d i l e s h i p (Blot, i b i d . ) , which i s

u s u a l l y dated da. 59. Sumner would p r e f e r 67 or 66, but the evidence

i s admittedly not c o n c l u s i v e . I f 59 i s the r i g h t date a f t e r all,

Varro could have d r a f t e d the law i n 58, when Fadius was a t r i b u n i c i a n

candidate or designate, and died l a t e r i n the year.

 77

VOLUMNIA

The lady of whom C i c e r o wrote to h i s w i f e i n 47 (Fam. 163

[XIV. 16]) VoZumnla dohuuit in tz o^icJjo&ion. &64e quam {UAJL zt id

ipAum quod {dcJX potait diU^zntiuA ^ace/te. dt QJXUJMXA i s i n a l l

f
p r o b a b i l i t y Antony s m i s t r e s s , Volumnia C y t h e r i s . The o b j e c t i o n i n

T y r r e l l and P u r s e r ' s note, endorsed by Gundel, i s nugatory.

L. 'VOLUSENUS' (2)

The MSS i n ZJbxdnt. 198 (and not merely some of them, as Gundel

says) are reported to have voluAimum, an e p i g r a p h i c a l l y a t t e s t e d

v a r i a n t of 'Volusenus,' as Gundel a l s o says (RE IX A.894.39).

ZOSIPPOS

T h i s c i t i z e n of Tyndaris (1/eAA. I I . 4 . 9 2 ) i s s t r a n g e l y named.

Was he r e a l l y a homonym of Zoippus of Syracuse, or of Sosippus of

Agyrium (1/e/iA. I I . 2 . 2 5 ) and Sosippus of Agrigentum ( I I . 3 . 204)?

 II.

ADOPTIVE NOMENCLATURE

IN T H E LATE ROMAN REPUBLIC

79
 ADOPTIVE NOMENCLATURE IN T H E LATE ROMAN REPUBLIC

'Iwa/i bedu/ifite. die. GeAtaltung den. Women bei. Adoptionm in den.

letztm xcpubticaniAchcn leJX nock ei.neA elngekcndcn UnteAAuckung'

(Munzer, RE Suppl. V [1931].369.54).

'Not eve/iytking iA clean, about adoption and " teAtamentany adoption"

in thiA age.. FieAk inveAtigation iA called fan.' (Syme, J . R . S . 53

[1963]. p. 56 n.14).

By standard Roman p r a c t i c e , obtaining as f a r as r e c o r d s show,

u n t i l the end of the second century B.C.''", an adopted son, p a s s i n g

from one family i n t o another, took a f u l l name ( a p a r t from non-

1
hereditary agnomina such a s ' A f r i c a n u s ) and f i l i a t i o n from h i s adopted

father, but r e t a i n e d h i s previous gentiZictum (ending i n -iuA) in a

modified form (ending i n -ianuA) as a cognomen or agnomen. Thus

a L. Aemilius L. f . P a u l l u s adopted by a P. C o r n e l i u s P. f . S c i p i o
1
would become 'P. C o r n e l i u s P. f . P. n. S c i p i o Aemilianus. Since

such adoptive cognomina or agnomina were non-hereditary, the nomen-

c l a t u r e of c h i l d r e n born to the adoptee a f t e r h i s adoption (those

born before i t r e t a i n e d t h e i r names unaffected) and of t h e i r

o
descendants showed no t r a c e of the o r i g i n a l f a m i l y . Thus the

Information about the second and e a r l i e r c e n t u r i e s i s r e l a t i v e l y

scanty or non-existent, so that d e v i a t i o n s may have gone unrecorded.

!
'Except by way of such f i l i a t i o n s as C . L i v i u s M. A e m i l i a n i f. M.
1
n. Drusus (cos. 147, F a s t i C a p i t o l i n i ) and Q. Fabius Q. A e m i l i a n i f .
Q. n. Maximus (cos. 121, Acta Triumphorum).
81
 82

L i v i i D r u s i of t h e second and f i r s t c e n t u r i e s were descended from

an A e m i l i u s , probably a son of L . Aemilius P a u l l u s , who f e l l a t

Cannae, adopted by M. L i v i u s S a l i n a t o r ( c f . Munzer, RE X I I I . 8 5 5 ) .

The t r u e l i n e a g e of not a few noble f a m i l i e s w i l l have been thus

concealed. The p a t r i c i a n C l a u d i i had t h e d i s t i n c t i o n of having never

taken an o u t s i d e r i n t o t h e i r ranks u n t i l the adoption of the f u t u r e

emperor Nero (Tac. Ann. X I I . 2 5 . 2 ) .

I n t h e l a t e Republic Q<intJJLlQ,AjOL not ending i n -iuu> from other

p a r t s of I t a l y f i g u r e w i t h i n c r e a s i n g frequency i n the Roman r e c o r d s .

Those ending i n -aeuA, to judge from t h e example of C u r t i u s

3
Peducaeanus i n t h e f i r s t century, followed t h e same p a t t e r n . Those
4

i n -^£ftct6 were apparently c a r r i e d over unchanged. First-century

examples a r e , or a t any r a t e appear to be, C. Annius B e l l i e n u s ,

C. A e l i u s (Paetus) S t a i e n u s , and perhaps Q. S a l v i u s S a l v i d i e n u s

(Rufus).

At t h i s period t h e standard procedure underwent important modifi-

cations. A caveat i s n e c e s s a r y . I n the absence of other evidence

there c a n be no c e r t a i n t y t h a t a given cognomen ending i n -<LcinuA i s

due to an adoption. A few of them have, or could have, a topographical

f 1
origin. Hadrianus, borne by a f a m i l y of F a b i i , c l e a r l y comes from

1
Hadria. 'Trebianus could be adoptive from 'Trebius,' but more

probably d e r i v e s from T r e b i a ( c f . Suet. Tib. 31.1 Tizbicuvu) . Even

For supporting d e t a i l s see throughout the R e g i s t e r of Adoptions.

Cf. ?loc. Cam. Vkil. Soc. 5 (1958-9). p. 12.

 83
1
'Pontianus might come from the i s l a n d of P o n t i a . Furthermore, such

a cognomen might a psviosul represent a personal connexion other than

that of adoption, though I know of no demonstrable example. The near-

est approach to one i s the l e a r n e d M. Junius (68) Congus, who a c -

1
quired the cognomen or agnomen 'Gracchanus through h i s f r i e n d s h i p

with C. Gracchus. The p r a c t i c e of c a l l i n g the f o l l o w e r s of a

p o l i t i c a l or m i l i t a r y leader s i n g l y or c o l l e c t i v e l y by h i s name ( e . g .
1 f f
'Clodiani, Pompeiani ) could be r e l e v a n t here, as could phenomena

f f
like Iugurthinus a p p l i e d to both Marius and L . Opimius from t h e i r
i

several involvements i n t h e Jugurthine War ( S c h o l . Bob. 176.10

Stangl; L u c i l . 418). I n a l e t t e r of recommendation (fam. 57 [ X I I I . 6 ] . 2 )

Cicero r e f e r s to t h e f r i e n d s or b u s i n e s s a s s o c i a t e s of h i s protege

1
P. Cuspius as ' C u s p i a n i . P a r t i c u l a r l y noteworthy i s C i c e r o ' s f a c e t i o u s

name f o r C. Sempronius Rufus, 'Rufio V e s t o r i a n u s * (Att. 368 [ X I V . 1 4 ] . 2 ) ,

i n a l l u s i o n to a connexion between Rufus and C. V e s t o r i u s of P u t e o l i

which remains obscure but was apparently d i s c r e d i t a b l e t o t h e former.

What s t a r t e d as a c a s u a l j o k e might ( a g a i n a pxXoKAj) develop into a

nickname and pass i n t o standard usage. F i n a l l y the l a t e r p r a c t i c e of

d e r i v i n g such cognomina from the maternal f a m i l y may have begun i t s

vogue during the Republic, though the well-known case of t h e two sons

of Cato the Censor has no provable r e p u b l i c a n counterpart (but c f .

f
L . S e s t i u s P. f . A l b . i n Onom. p. 6, under C. ALBINIUS).
1

Where the adopted son had no previous cognomen the standard pro-

cedure continued to be standard. A C. A v i a n i u s adopted by a M.

Aemilius became M. Aemilius Avianianus, though e d i t o r s have been slow

to recognize the f a c t . More than h a l f the adoptions l i s t e d i n t h e

 84

f o l l o w i n g R e g i s t e r a r e or seem to be of t h i s type. The adoptive cog-

nomen i n such cases could be h e r e d i t a r y . We have three generations of

A p p u l e i i D e c i a n i , s t a r t i n g with a Tribune of 98, probably four (but

p o s s i b l y only two) of P l a e t o r i i C e s t i a n i , and p o s s i b l y two of

C o n s i d i i Noniani ( i n whose case the adoptive o r i g i n of the cognomen

i s f r e e of a l l doubt).

But where there a previous cognomen a d i f f e r e n t s t y l e became

fashionable. Sometimes, to be sure, the o l d procedure was followed:

d e f i n i t e examples a r e Mam. Aemilius Lepidus L i v i a n u s , Cn. C o r n e l i u s

L e n t u l u s Clodianus ( c o s . 7 2 ) , and L i v i a Augusta's f a t h e r , M. L i v i u s

Drusus Claudianus. Whether an adoptive agnomen was ever i n h e r i t e d i s

doubtful. 'Caesoninus' i n four generations of C a l p u r n i i P i s o n e s ,

s t a r t i n g w i t h t h e Consul of 148, can h a r d l y have been adoptive

(= 'Caesonianus') , a s i s sometimes supposed."* Cn. C o r n e l i u s L e n t u l u s

Clodianus had a homonymous son, but according to a recent theory

probably adopted him, i n which case the agnomen was not n e c e s s a r i l y

inherited.

The new mode was to c a r r y over the former cognomen along with or

i n s t e a d of a cognomen or agnomen i n -ianuA. An e a r l y i n s t a n c e i s Cn.

A u f i d i u s O r e s t e s , c o s . 71. A member of the c o n s u l a r f a m i l y of

A u r e l i i Orestae, adopted by one Cn. A u f i d i u s , who had n e i t h e r

consular a n c e s t r y nor (presumably) cognomen, he had two inducements

Could i t have been formed from CaeAOl C f . V a r r . L. 1. IX. 71 6AIC a

Sctplone. quldam mate, decant Sclplonino*: nam eAt Scipiona/u.oA.
 85

! f
to p r e f e r t h i s s t y l e to that of Cn. A u f i d i u s A u r e l i a n u s : w i t h the

l a t t e r he would no longer be d i s t i n g u i s h e d from other A u r e l i i , noble

(Cottae and S c a u r i ) and ignoble; and he would have had no cognomen

except h i s modified QOntAlJ^CAXxm. I n the same century c e r t a i n or

probable analogues a r e provided by T. Annius Milo, M. A n t i s t i u s

Labeo, A. Gabinius Sisenna, L . P l a u t i u s Plancus, M. Pupius P i s o

Frugi, and C. R a b i r i u s Postumus.

The case of T. Pomponius A t t i c u s m e r i t s s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n . I n

58 by a testamentary adoption he became h e i r to the fortune and name

of h i s uncle, Q. C a e c i l i u s . On hearing the news the e x i l e d C i c e r o wrote

f
i n congratulation, heading h i s l e t t e r (Att. 65 [ I I I . 2 0 ] ) Q. Caecilio

1
Q. f . Pomponiano A t t i c o . No doubt the heading i s to some extent

f a c e t i o u s , a s an i n t i m a t e f r i e n d might s t a r t a l e t t e r to a newly

f 1
created B r i t i s h peer My L o r d i n s t e a d of 'Dear Jack.' But o b v i o u s l y

the s t y l e had to be c o r r e c t . An i n t e r e s t i n g f e a t u r e i s t h e i n c l u s i o n

of both the modified Q <LY\AJJLL(iium ' Pomponianus' and the o l d cognomen

'Atticus' ( n a t u r a l l y t h e l a t t e r , with i t s p e r s o n a l s i g n i f i c a n c e , would

be r e t a i n e d ) . T h i s was probably o p t i o n a l , and we do not know whether

A t t i c u s a c t u a l l y used C i c e r o ' s nomenclature. An i n s c r i p t i o n records

an apparent p a r a l l e l : L. E q u i t i u s C. f . C a e c i l i a n u s Postiraus. But

the i r r e g u l a r a f f i l i a t i o n i s s u s p i c i o u s and the date may be as

l a t e as the beginning of the Empire. But one p i e c e of evidence

suggests that M. Pupius P i s o F r u g i (a C a l p u r n i u s P i s o F r u g i adopted

by a Pupius) may have used the modified Q&itLLLctu.m 'Calpurnianus.'

And 'P. ( L i c i n i u s ) C r a s s u s Junianus' should probably be c o n f l a t e d w i t h

' L i c i n i u s ( C r a s s u s ) Damasippus' i n t o 'P. L i c i n i u s Crassus Junianus

 86

Damasippus.' The example of A t t i c u s i n d i c a t e s t h a t i n such c a s e s the

modified gtntXZicAXim and the o r i g i n a l cognomen were ( o r a t any rate

could be) used i n combination when an o f f i c i a l occasion demanded the

f u l l name, and t h a t the former could, or u s u a l l y d i d , precede the

latter.

Damasippus seems to be one of s e v e r a l recorded i n s t a n c e s i n which

both adopted son and adopting f a t h e r had cognomina, and i n some cases

agnomina too. L e t P. C o r n e l i u s S c i p i o N a s i c a serve as i l l u s t r a t i o n .

A f t e r h i s (testamentary) adoption by Q. C a e c i l i u s Metellus P i u s h i s

o f f i c i a l s t y l e , i n i t s most ample recorded form, became 'Q. Caecilius

Q. f . Metellus Pius S c i p i o . ' S i m i l a r l y Q. S e r v i l i u s Caepio Brutus,

M. T e r e n t i u s Varro L u c u l l u s , and A. T e r e n t i u s Varro Murena; a l s o , but

with more or l e s s of doubt, Cn. ( ? ) Cornelius Lentulus Dolabella,

Cn. C o r n e l i u s L e n t u l u s V a t i a , ( L . ) L i c i n i u s Crassus S c i p i o , C.

Marcius F i g u l u s (Thermus?), and the above-mentioned Crassus Damasippus.

A r e v e r s e procedure seems to have been followed by D. J u n i u s Brutus,

who a f t e r adoption by A. Postumius Albinus apparently became, not

'A. Postumius Albinus Brutus,' but 'D. ( J u n i u s ) Brutus A l b i n u s . ' There

i s no sure p a r a l l e l , but the comparable names are too few to prove

to a c e r t a i n t y t h a t D. Brutus' procedure was eminently unusual.

^Note App. B.C. I I I . 1 1 w i t h r e s p e c t to O c t a v i u s ' assumption of Caesar's

name: KOU ei6i)s wvopaCexo KaTaap.'e9os yap x i 'Pwuaiois, xous 6exoi)s
xa xSv 0eueva)v ovouaxa eTU Aauftaveiv. 6 Se OUK eireAaBev, ctAAa KOU XO
auxou KOU xo iraxpijjov oAws £vnAAa£ev, avxi 'OKxauouiou TraiSos
'OKxaoin'ou KaTaap e?vai KOU Kouaapos inos, KOU <5iexeAeaev ouxa)
XP&uevos. According to t h i s , i f Octavius had followed normal procedure
he would have c a l l e d h i m s e l f 'C. Octavius Caesar' a f t e r the adoption!
Appian a c t u a l l y p r o f e s s e s to c i t e ''OKxauios KaTaap' from the o f f i c i a l
preamble to the f i r s t P r o s c r i p t i o n l i s t i n 43 ( I V . 8 ) . A l l t h i s only
shows again how l i t t l e dependence can be placed on the Greek sources
i n such matters.
 87

That t r a n s f e r r e d cognomina, l i k e the modified Q&n£tU.(Ua i n -ianuA

at t h i s period, were or could be h e r e d i t a r y causes no s u r p r i s e .

Damasippus i s a n e a r l y c e r t a i n example, A. T e r e n t i u s Varro Murena and

M. P i s o , pr. 44, h i g h l y probable. The h e r e d i t a r y agnomen Marcellinus

i s comparable but d i f f e r e n t . I t probably began w i t h the oKUidh.(L\x of

that P. C o r n e l i u s L e n t u l u s , o r i g i n a l l y a Claudius M a r c e l l u s , who c a l l e d

1
himself on h i s c o i n s ' L e n t ( u l u s ) M a r ( c e l l i ) f ( i l i u s ) . I t too preserved

the memory of family o r i g i n , and i t i s noteworthy that C i c e r o mentions

r
the M a r c e l l i n i i n the same breath as the M a r c e l l i ( air?. 108 [XV.10J.1

omnium Ma/iceZloHum, IhcVtcoZtinoKum ataum) . The cognomen of Q. Mucius

Orestinus, t r . p i . 64, may point to a f a t h e r adopted from the house

of A u r e l i u s Orestes.

The example o f 'Lentulus M a r c e l l i f . ' was followed by D. Brutus,

!
whose name i s found on c o i n s i n the form 'Albinus B r u t i f . A son of

L. Calpurnius B e s t i a adopted by a Sempronius A t r a t i n u s appears i n a

Greek i n s c r i p t i o n a s 'L. Sempronius, son of B e s t i a , A t r a t i n u s . ' Such

phenomena have t h e i r informal counterpart i n SQAAxmi Vom/jtL faiLi and

the l i k e i n C i c e r o ' s l e t t e r s . ^

Those who followed the new procedure of t r a n s f e r r e d cognomen a l s o

tended to keep t h e i r former praenomina, and sometimes, a s i n A t t i c u s '

case, even nomina, i n f a m i l i a r o r general use. Q. Caepio Brutus r e -

mained 'M. Brutus' to h i s contemporaries, except i n o f f i c i a l contexts,

and to p o s t e r i t y . 'D. Brutus' i s found even i n so o f f i c i a l a s e t t i n g

See R e g i s t e r under SEX.(?) ATILIUS SERRANUS, a l s o under SEX.

LUCILIUS and PONTIUS TITINIANUS.
 88

as a proposed AtnatuAconAuZtum. Where there were two cognomina, one

o r i g i n a l , the other adoptive, the o r i g i n a l praenomen seems not to have

been used i n combination with the adoptive cognomen, nor v i c e v e r s a .

! 1 f ! 1
Cn. O r e s t e s i s a l l o w a b l e , but not D i o s Q. Scipio ( f o r Q. Metellus
1
S c i p i o ) , nor y e t 'P. M e t e l l u s . 'M. Caepio' i n Asconius 34.23, C l a r k ,

i s doubtless an e r r o r , p o s s i b l y of Asconius, more probably of a copy-

ist.

I n i t s most e l a b o r a t e form a Roman's name included h i s t r i b e , which

stood a f t e r the f i l i a t i o n (e.g. 'L. Domitius Cn. f . Fab. Ahenobarbus'),.

As Censor i n 142 S c i p i o Aemilianus seems to have protested a g a i n s t the

r e t e n t i o n by adoptees of t h e i r former t r i b e s as c o n t r a r y to mo<6 matoHam

( G e l l . V.19.15; c f . T a y l o r , Voting VlA&iLctA, pp. 280 f f . ) . Republican

1
evidence, though meagre, goes to show t h a t S c i p i o s complaint went un-

heeded. Q. Pompeius Rufus of the A r n e n s i s , adopted son of the

homonymous Consul of 88, i s thus explained by Badian (HlAtotula., 12

[1963]. p. 139): 'As i n a l l other c a s e s of adoption known to us i n

the Republic, he w i l l simply have r e t a i n e d h i s o l d t r i b e and t e l l s us

nothing about the o r i g i n a l t r i b e of the R u f i ; we have no r e a l reason to

doubt t h a t , l i k e the r e s t of the Pompei, they were i n C l u . ' The

F a b i a , to which M e t e l l u s S c i p i o belonged i n 50, i s l i k e l y to have

been h i s o r i g i n a l t r i b e , s i n c e Metellus Macedonicus, cos. 143, was

almost c e r t a i n l y i n the A n i e n s i s ( T a y l o r , o p . e x t . p. 198). C.

V i s e l l i u s Varro i s a f u r t h e r case i n p o i n t . I owe to Prof. Badian

the o b s e r v a t i o n t h a t i f 'Cn. C o r n e l i u s Cn. f . P a l . ' i s r i g h t l y

i d e n t i f i e d with Cn. C o r n e l i u s L e n t u l u s Clodianus, cos. 72, h i s

membership of the P a l a t i n a can be p l a u s i b l y accounted for by the

 89

hypothesis t h a t h i s n a t u r a l f a t h e r was a Claudius P u l c h e r . Not

s u r p r i s i n g l y , Octavian, o r i g i n a l l y a member of the S c a p t i a , moved a s a

J u l i u s into the F a b i a , though continuing to be mindful of h i s

previous t r i b e ; c f . Suet. Aug. 40.2, where members of both t r i b e s a r e

s t y l e d fellow-tribesmen of Augustus; T a y l o r , op. oJUt. p. 239. For

the Augustan and post-Augustan evidence see again T a y l o r .

L i c e n s e could go f u r t h e r . An adoption might be arranged for a

s p e c i a l purpose and, t h a t purpose secured, be p r a c t i c a l l y disregarded.

The p a t r i c i a n b i r t h of P. C l o d i u s Pulcher d i s q u a l i f i e d him from the con-

genial o f f i c e of Tribune of the P l e b s . A f t e r other d e v i c e s had

f a i l e d , he f i n a l l y , i n 59, removed the o b s t a c l e by g e t t i n g himself

adopted i n t o a p l e b e i a n f a m i l y . H i s new f a t h e r , P. F o n t e i u s , was a

s t r i p l i n g of twenty or l e s s ( C i c . Vom. 34) . Immediately a f t e r t h e

t r a n s a c t i o n he emancipated h i s adopted son, who d e c l i n e d to regard him-

Q

s e l f a s a Fonteius or to accept t h e AOLCJUL of t h a t gev\A. Obviously

Clodius staged t h i s t r a v e s t y to demonstrate h i s contempt f o r the

antiquated r u l e which had caused him so much t r o u b l e . As Weinrib s a y s

(p. 257), i n so doing he exposed h i m s e l f to the c r i t i c i s m of C i c e r o ,

1
who claimed t h a t t h e adoption was i n v a l i d and C l o d i u s a c t s a s Tribune,

including h i s own e x i l e , t h e r e f o r e n u l l and v o i d . But C i c e r o ' s con-

tention was not accepted, not even by Cato, who had a d i f f e r e n t axe

to grind. So permissive was Roman custom i n t h i s matter,

g
According to Weinrib (pp. 256 f . ) he 'apparently pretended t h a t no
change of genA had r e s u l t e d . ' According to C i c e r o he l o s t h i s former
hacjuii Vom. 35 AOLQAA Clodiae. ge.ntiA CUA inteAexmt, quod in te. eAt? .
. . tu ne.que. VonteJjuA eA, qui eA&e, de.be.bcu>, ne.que. pa&uA hexeA, nzquz
amiAAiA ACLQAAA pateAniA in hae.c adoptZva ve.niAti. But t h i s must be
1
taken a s C i c e r o ' s view, not C l o d i u s .
 90

Apparently s i m i l a r i n substance, though no doubt l e s s provocative

i n form, was t h e c a s e of the younger P. C o r n e l i u s L e n t u l u s Spinther,

who was e l e c t e d to t h e C o l l e g e of Augurs i n 57, the year of h i s

f a t h e r ' s Consulship. S i n c e the College a l r e a d y contained a C o r n e l i u s

and s i n c e no two Augurs could belong to t h e same gens, he was adopted

by a Manlius Torquatus (Dio, XXXIX.17.2). But he does not seem to

have used t h e name, and fourteen y e a r s l a t e r s t y l e d h i m s e l f o f f i c i a l l y

'P. L e n t u l u s P. f . '

P. C o r n e l i u s D o l a b e l l a was adopted by a p l e b e i a n C o r n e l i u s

L e n t u l u s t o make p o s s i b l e h i s e l e c t i o n a s Tribune i n 48. H i s former

name continued i n o f f i c i a l and p r i v a t e use, though h i s i n f a n t son

1
i s called 'Lentulus. Whether a c o i n i n s c r i b e d 'Cn. L e n t u l ( u s ) ' i s

h i s remains d o u b t f u l .

I n or before 56 Pompey's and Caesar's protege L. C o r n e l i u s Balbus

was adopted by another protege of Pompey's, Theophanes of Mytilene, who

a f t e r becoming a Roman c i t i z e n had p r e d i c t a b l y taken the name of Cn.

1
Pompeius Theophanes. C i c e r o ' s r e f e r e n c e i n h i s speech i n B a l b u s

defence suggests t h a t t h e reasons were personal and f i n a n c i a l r a t h e r

than p o l i t i c a l . I t a l s o shows that the proceeding was c r i t i c i z e d a t

the time, as does a l e t t e r to A t t i c u s of 50 (Att. 130 [ V I I , 7 ] . 6 ) i n

which 'the adoption of a man of Gades by a man of Mytilene' makes an

item i n a catalogue of improper concessions to Caesar during the

fifties. E v i d e n t l y t h i s represented another departure from the

l e g i t i m a t e purpose of an adoption, to c a r r y on the adopting f a t h e r ' s

l i n e ( c f . Vom. 34). I t too was apparently forgotten. No t r a c e s u r v i v e s

i n Palbus* nomenclature, o f f i c i a l or u n o f f i c i a l , contemporary ( i n C i c e r o ' s

 91

speech he i s throughout ' ( L . ) C o r n e l i u s ' ) or l a t e r , except i n one

unexpected quarter, the l i f e of B a l b i n u s i n the H i s t o r i a Augusta,

where that emperor i s s a i d to have claimed descent from 'Balbus

C o r n e l i u s Theofanes,' whom the w r i t e r confuses with Theophanes him-

self. The s t y l e resembles t h a t of D. ( J u n i u s ) Brutus A l b i n u s , but

as Weinrib observes (p. 261 n.61), the H i s t o r i a i s no s a f e a u t h o r i t y

even for i m p e r i a l nomenclature. I n f a c t , the w r i t e r may have merely

misunderstood C i c e r o or a source which contained the information, due

to C i c e r o , that Balbus had been adopted by Theophanes ( c f . Syme,

Emp&ioiA and Blogmphy [1971], p. 5 ) .

The f u t u r e emperor T i b e r i u s was born i n 42 as T i . C l a u d i u s Nero.

At some time a f t e r h i s f a t h e r ' s r e t u r n to I t a l y i n 39 he was adopted

in the w i l l of M. G a l l i u s , an adherent of Antony. He accepted the e s t a t e

( i . e . h i s f a t h e r or guardian accepted on h i s b e h a l f ) , but l a t e r gave

up using the name (Suet. TXb. 6.3). The s o - c a l l e d conoHclo nominAA

fieAmcLL does not seem to have been a binding c o n d i t i o n of i n h e r i t a n c e :

cf. Schmitthenner, p. 35; D i g e s t , XXXVI.1.65.10.

The theory that sons adopted by testament enjoyed a wider l a t i t u d e

than those adopted intVi vivo* i n the c h o i c e of t h e i r subsequent

nomenclature has l i t t l e or no support i n the data. Weinrib (pp. 260

f f . ) would so account f o r the f i l i a t i o n s 'L. Sempronius B e s t i a e f .

1
Atratinus and 'Albinus B r u t i f . ' ( a l s o presumably f o r 'Lentulus

Marcelli f . ' ) . But none of these adoptions i s known to have been

mox. On the e l a s t i c use of t h i s word see Badian, ?oLU> and ImpzHlum

{Stud. E. T. Salmon, 1974), p. 146.
 92

testamentary. Three i n s c r i p t i o n s , supposedly of l a t e - r e p u b l i c a n date,

present an apparently adoptive cognomen w i t h an i r r e g u l a r filiation:

!
'L. E q u i t i u s C. f. C a e c i l i a n u s Postimus,' C. L u t t i u s L. f . A u l i a n u s , '

and 'M. Runtius L. f. Messianus' (see R e g i s t e r ) . Testamentary adop-

t i o n s under the Empire produced the l i k e (Weinrib, pp. 253 f . ) .

E q u i t i u s and the others may be e a r l y i n s t a n c e s , but i t i s not certain.

Weinrib would l i k e w i s e e x p l a i n the i n v e r s i o n a f f e c t e d by D. (Junius)

Brutus A l b i n u s : 'Brutus f u l f i l l e d the c o n d i t i o n of bearing the

decedent's name i n the minimal f a s h i o n . ' But, as has been seen,

C l o d i u s , L e n t u l u s Spinther the Younger, and C o r n e l i u s Balbus, none of

whose adoptions were testamentary, kept t h e i r o r i g i n a l names; whereas

Q. M e t e l l u s S c i p i o , whose adoption ( u n l i k e that of D. Brutus) ^C6

known to have been testamentary, followed the u s u a l p r a c t i c e . " ^

My present t o p i c does not demand any more general d i s c u s s i o n of

the long-debated problem of testamentary adoption,"^ but having a

few o b s e r v a t i o n s , though no t i d y c o n c l u s i o n , to o f f e r , I w i l l not l e t

the opportunity pass.

""^Weinrib even suggests t h a t Metellus S c i p i o ' s change of f i l i a t i o n

was a 'strategem,' 'an attempt to win from P i u s ' freedmen and c l i e n t s
an esteem to which he was not l e g a l l y e n t i t l e d ' (p. 260; somewhat
at v a r i a n c e w i t h p. 259, where change of f i l i a t i o n i s presented a s
f r e e l y o p t i o n a l ) . More simply, N.-Henry Michel (Vu VKOXX de CJU& Rom&Lne,
[1885], p. 285) impugned the t e x t of C i c . Fam. 84 ( V I I I . 8 ) . 5 and 6.
But Metellus S c i p i o and A t t i c u s corroborate each other.

"^Schmitthenner (pp. 104 f f . ) l i s t s fourteen s t u d i e s of or con-

c e r n i n g t h i s matter which appeared between 1950 and 1968. See a l s o
Weinrib, p. 253. n.27.
 93

According to a view r e c e n t l y maintained again by Weinrib and

12

Schmitthenner, testamentary adoption i n t h e Republic ( a s w e l l a s

l a t e r ) 'never i n v o l v e d a change i n a g n a t i c p o s i t i o n . * The person

designated i n the w i l l r e c e i v e d the e s t a t e a s h&iQA ext/uzn&uA and

took the t e s t a t o r ' s name (though even that was not compulsory). That

was a l l .

Controversy c e n t r e s around t h e c a s e of C. Octavius, adopted i n

44 under the w i l l o f h i s g r e a t - u n c l e , C. J u l i u s Caesar. I t i s agreed

that even before he f o r m a l l y accepted the i n h e r i t a n c e (by (LHJLtJLo be-

fore the Praetor Urbanus: Schmitthenner, p. 50) the young man used

Caesar's name. That he did not combine i t w i t h the modified

gzntlLiCLlum 'Octavianus' i s sometimes a s s e r t e d but f o r t h i s period

not proved. Others c e r t a i n l y d i d . H i s s t a t u s a s Caesar's son was

generally accepted. But l a t e r , on assuming the Consulship i n August

13

43, he f u r t h e r f o r m a l i z e d i t by p a s s i n g a lex CU/uxuta.

T h i s r e c o g n i t i o n was p u b l i c l y expressed by C i c e r o i n the

1
P h i l i p p i c s , not only i n t h e o f f i c i a l s t y l e 'C. Caesar C. f . and
iZ
T h e use of the term adoptlo (adoptaAe) to cover i n d i f f e r e n t l y t e s t a -
mentary and other adoptions admittedly proves nothing. But Weinrib's
claim (p. 254 n.34) that the c a s e of C. S t a i e n u s a f f o r d s 'a c l e a r
example of the use of the word adoptaAe to i n d i c a t e a change of name
rather than a formal change of a g n a t i c s t a t u s ' cannot be accepted a s a
legitimate deduction from C i c e r o ' s remark i n oVmt. 241, qui he tp6e
adoptavoAat et de Staleno AeZlum ^ecQAat, which i s s u r e l y only a
hacetLOUA way of s a y i n g (whether t r u l y or not) that S t a i e n u s had no
right to c a l l himself ' A e l i u s ' (though C i c e r o had so c a l l e d him i n
Cluent. 65), a l l u d i n g presumably to some a l l e g e d i r r e g u l a r i t y i n the
procedure. A spurious Church of England clergyman might be d e s c r i b e d as
'self-ordained' without any i m p l i c a t i o n as to t h e v a l i d i t y of A n g l i c a n
orders.

Schmitthenner expresses h i s own opinion by r e g u l a r l y p u t t i n g the

words 'son' and ' f a t h e r ' w i t h r e f e r e n c e to Octavian i n quotation-marks.
 94
1
c o n s i s t e n t use of the name 'Caesar but by i n c i d e n t a l a l l u s i o n s such

as I I I . 1 5 IgnoblUXatzm oblcJX C. CaoAcuvU initio, X.16 amloJLok aau&az

quUquam InvznAJil potz&t quam filliuA, X I I I . 4 7 adult*zznh Aumma plztatz

Zt mzmoftla pa/iznta> 6ul. There w i l l have been nothing out of the way

in t h i s . Antony had a t one time given out that hz was Caesar's

p r o s p e c t i v e 'son by testament' (Phil. 11.71). Could such e x p r e s s i o n s

have seemed a p p r o p r i a t e i f t h i s type of adoption 'never involved a

change i n a g n a t i c p o s i t i o n ' ? I am i n c l i n e d to d e t e c t r e l e v a n c e i n a

passage o f t h e Ninth P h i l i p p i c , t h e speech i n which C i c e r o urges

the e r e c t i o n of a s t a t u e on t h e R o s t r a of Ser. S u l p i c i u s Rufus, who had

died of n a t u r a l causes w h i l e on an embassy sent by the Senate to

Antony. He c l a i m s that S u l p i c i u s ' death deserved the same honour a s

those o f s e n a t o r i a l envoys i n the past who had been k i l l e d i n the course

of t h e i r m i s s i o n s , notably Cn. O c t a v i u s , who had been murdered i n

S y r i a i n 163: 4 Cn. Octavi, zlaAt vinL zt magnl, qui p>umui> In zam

iamlllam quaz poAtza VAJIU fan^blmiA filoniut attuLut zonAulatum,

Atatuam vidzmuA In HjO&tSiiA, Why the emphasis on O c t a v i u s ' f a m i l y ,

which had nothing to do w i t h C i c e r o ' s argument? None of h i s h e a r e r s

w i l l have missed the compliment to Caesar Octavianus. He was not, to

be sure, a l i n e a l descendant of the Consul o f 165. But, according to

Suetonius' sources, that Consul's grandfather, Quaestor i n 230, was

14
h i s d i r e c t ancestor (Aug. 2 ) . C i c e r o ' s m a g n i f i c a t i o n of the older

That Augustus i n h i s memoirs made no r e f e r e n c e to t h i s remote

connexion, s t a t i n g simply that he came of an o l d and wealthy f a m i l y
i n which h i s f a t h e r was the f i r s t Senator (Suet. Aug. 2.2), merely
shows h i s good sense.
 95

branch recognizes the l i n k . A few sentences l a t e r he makes a f u r t h e r

point: Ji&ddcta e*£ el turn a malonAhuA Atatua pnjo vita, quae muZto*

pen anno* psiogenlem QAJUA konebtanet, nunc ad Zantac {amltiae mmonlam

6oia K2Atat. The Pompeian admiral M. O c t a v i u s , who must have perished

i n the C i v i l War, was e v i d e n t l y the l a s t of h i s l i n e . But again, why

does Cicero go out of h i s way to draw a t t e n t i o n to t h i s f a c t ? If

1
the Suetonian genealogy i s v a l i d , t h e young Octavius was M. O c t a v i u s

nearest agnate, and the baoJui would remain w i t h him. But a f t e r h i s

adoption by Caesar they might become e x t i n c t , fo r h i s two s i s t e r s may

(

have passed by manuA i n t o t h e f a m i l i e s of t h e i r husbands, Sex. Appuleius

and C. Claudius M a r c e l l u s . There seems a p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t Cicero was

here i m p l i c i t l y r e c o g n i z i n g Octavian's passage i n t o the genA lutla.

Be that a s i t may, i t i s s u r e l y s i g n i f i c a n t t h a t Antony's propa-

ganda a s reported i n the T h i r d P h i l i p p i c ( 1 5 ) , i n which he taunted

Octavian with IgnobltLtoA and w i t h h i s mother's A r i c i a n o r i g i n , does

not include any r e f l e x i o n s on h i s a l l e g e d l y u n j u s t i f i e d e x p l o i t a t i o n

of Caesar's name. Schmitthenner i n g e n i o u s l y stands t h i s argument on

i t s head (p. 6 1 ) : 'Die Schmahungen, gegen d i e C i c e r o den Octavian i n

seinen P h i l i p p i k e n v e r t e i d i g t e und d i e auch s p a t e r n i c h t ganz aus der

L i t e r a t u r verschwanden, waren urn so v e r l e t z e n d e r , a l s der Spott iiber

seine n a t i i r l i c h e Abstammung d i e von ihm angestrebte "adoptive" rundweg

unbeachtet liess.' But Antony would not have f a i l e d to make a l l

possible c a p i t a l out of anything that might have weakened Octavian's

claim to the a l l e g i a n c e of Caesar's cZlenteta and v e t e r a n s . ^

"*"~W the other hand, Schmitthenner i s a t n e e d l e s s p a i n s to e x p l a i n away

the heading HlAtlo et CaeAO/U, i n Antony's l e t t e r , read by C i c e r o to the
 96
f
O c t a v i a n s f i l i a l c l a i m s were acknowledged. I t does not f o l l o w

t h a t such c l a i m s were made and acknowledged a u t o m a t i c a l l y and i n a l l c i r -

cumstances. Plancus wrote to C i c e r o i n J u l y (Vom. 428 [X.24J.5) that he

must needs love Caesar ( i . e . Octavian) among other reasons quod Q.X tarn

inAigni amicitia mca atquc CacAa/iis [ s c . montui] nunc {iLL loco ct

WU.UA at VZA&IO iudicio AubAtltutum non pcKindc habcAe tuKpc milvl

vidctuA.^ From comparison w i t h C i c e r o ' s d e s c r i p t i o n of C. R a b i r i u s

Postumus, a l s o probably a testamentary adoptee, i n Rab. VoAt. 45, C. CuktL

{iliuA, C. RabAjii iuducio at voluntate {iliuA, natu/ux AoAoAiA ( c f . Ter.

Ad. 126 natusui tu ilti patdA CA, conAitiU* ego), i t i s evident t h a t {ill

loco AubAtitutum does not d i f f e r i n any r e l e v a n t way from {ilium. The

same word iudicium ( a p p r o p r i a t e , l i k e voluntas, to a testamentary disposi-

t i o n ; c f . Dessau, HeAmcA, 46 [1911], p. 615) that C i c e r o uses of the elder

R a b i r i u s , Plancus uses of Caesar. The D i c t a t o r d e l i b e r a t e l y chose

Octavian a s h i s surrogate son. The Senate (vcAtAo) had r a t i f i e d the

c h o i c e , along w i t h the r e s t of Caesar's acta o r , i f t h i s as a p r i v a t e

matter d i d not come under the g e n e r a l r a t i f i c a t i o n , by t h e i r acceptance

of h i s new name i n t h e i r d e c r e e s , e t c . But i t seems to be implied

t h a t they could have ignored i t , and t h a t Plancus h i m s e l f could ignore

i t , though i t would be d i s c r e d i t a b l e (taApC) to do so. Are we to

conclude that the consequences of a testamentary adoption might be

Senate (Phil. X I I I . 2 2 f f . ) . Antony's avowed o b j e c t being to appeal

to common C a e s a r i a n l o y a l t i e s , an address o f f e n s i v e t o Octavian
would have been i n a p p r o p r i a t e .

^ I n c i t i n g the passage Schmitthenner (p. 61) r e p r e s e n t s the words

dt iWuuA by dots!
 97

greater or l e s s according to the views of the persons most concerned,

p r i m a r i l y the h e i r but a l s o the family and f r i e n d s of the deceased?

That i s a l l the more b e l i e v a b l e because even lYitOA vivo* the u s u a l

consequences could be ignored i n p r a c t i c e , as Clodius and others go

to show."^

18

Nor must C o r n e l i u s S c i p i o Pomponianus S a l v i t t o be overlooked.

For the f a c t s and evidence see the R e g i s t e r . They prove that a

Pomponius, an obscure and d i s r e p u t a b l e f i g u r e , was testamentarily

adopted by a S c i p i o and placed the Imagine* of t h i s great family i n

his at/ilum. He could h a r d l y do that without regarding h i m s e l f as

a f u l l member of i t . Suetonius, P l u t a r c h , and Dio r e f e r to him

(granted h i s i d e n t i t y w i t h the S c i p i o S a l v i t t o whom Caesar took to

A f r i c a i n 46) as a genuine, though p e r s o n a l l y contemptible, C o r n e l i u s

Scipio. But the high-born M. V a l e r i u s M e s s a l l a , cos. 53, was so i n -

dignant at the s p e c t a c l e of the Imagine* that he s e t about w r i t i n g h i s

book on Roman f a m i l i e s . P l i n y ' s words (see R e g i s t e r ) need not be

taken to mean that M e s s a l l a regarded S a l v i t t o as a mere impostor. They

are consistent with the view that S a l v i t t o was w i t h i n h i s r i g h t s , but

x,
Cf. Schmitthenner, pp. 48 f . : 'Die Folgen der testamentarischen
Auflage zu Ziehen oder n i c h t , s c h e i n t i n das Belieben des Erben
g e s t e l l t zu s e i n ; der S f f e n t l i c h e UAU* sprach mit. . . . Auf
besondere, f e i e r l i c h e Rechtsformer, deren es etwa zur Erlangung der
Rechtskraft bedurft h a t t e , e r f o l g t k e i n Hinweis. Die L a x h e i t der^
Handhabung f a l l t auf und b e l e u c h t e t den Riickgang des strengen
a l t e n G e s c h l e c h t s r e c h t s . ' But Schmitthenner's p o s i t i o n , as I under-
stand him, i s that properly there were no consequences other than
change of name.
"I Q

•^As apparently by Weinrib. He i s on Schmitthenner's l i s t (p. 4 7 ) ,

though the f a c t s are not q u i t e a c c u r a t e l y s t a t e d .
 98

that he might, and should, have r e f r a i n e d from e x e r c i s i n g them. In

1
s p e c i f y i n g t h a t the adoption was testamentary M e s s a l l a ( i f he i s P l i n y

source) i m p l i e s t h a t t h i s kind of adoption was i n some degree l e s s

meaningful than one iwtdH vivo*—it would t h e r e f o r e have been a l l

the e a s i e r f o r Pomponianus to have remained a Pomponius.

I n Moramsen's view ( c f . Weinrib, pp. 254 f . ) a testamentary adop-

t i o n was r e g u l a r l y followed by (xdswaaZlo under a Izx caJvtata, as

happened i n Octavian's c a s e . But as Weinrib has shown, t h i s could not

have happened i n the case of D o l a b e l l a under L i v i a ' s w i l l nor i n that

of the young T i . Nero under the w i l l of M. G a l l i u s . Despite statements

f
i n Appian and Dio to the e f f e c t that O c t a v i a n s procedure was i n

accordance w i t h custom, Schmitthenner may be r i g h t i n h i s contention

(pp. 51 f f . ) t h a t i t was an innovation on h i s p a r t . I n any event this

f o r m a l i t y was not necessary to secure h i s do. fiacto r e c o g n i t i o n as

Caesar's adopted son.

A p a t r i c i a n adopted AjvtZH. vivo* by a p l e b e i a n n a t u r a l l y became

19

a plebeian. Did t h i s hold good for testamentary adoptions? The

c o n t r a r y has been suggested i n two i n s t a n c e s , but n e i t h e r i s d e c i s i v e .

I t used to be assumed t h a t the o f f i c e f o r which Metellus S c i p i o

(a p a t r i c i a n t e s t a m e n t a r i l y adopted by a plebeian) was standing i n

60 was the T r i b u n a t e ( c f . C i c . Ktt. 21 [ I I . 1 ] . 9 ) ; and he i s known to

have h e l d o f f i c e as I n t e r r e x , normally open only to p a t r i c i a n s , i n

53 (Broughton, p. 229). Hence Weinrib (p. 260 n.53; cf. Schmitthenner,

p. 108), r e c a l l i n g Syme ( J . R . S . 53 [1963] p. 56 n.14), i n f e r s that he

19
Whether the converse held good i s disputed; c f . B. Klibler, RE
18.2228.20.
 99

could count both a s a p a t r i c i a n and a p l e b e i a n . As he s a y s , 'such a

s e l f - c o n t r a d i c t o r y phenomenon i s i n e x p l i c a b l e on any hypothesis;' nor

i s the i n f e r e n c e v a l i d . The candidature i n 60 can i n f a c t h a r d l y have

been for the Tribunate ( c f . L. R. T a y l o r , Stud. B . L. Ulbnan I . [1964].

pp. 79 f f . ; Sumner, QhatoHA, pp. 112 f . ) . On the other hand, a s

argued by Mdnzer (HznmoA, 71 [1936]. p. 223), i n the a l t o g e t h e r ex-

ceptional circumstances of 53 the r u l e r e q u i r i n g p a t r i c i a n s t a t u s f o r

Interreges may have been r e l a x e d . I n that year I n t e r r e g e s holding

o f f i c e for f i v e days succeeded each other f o r over s i x months, w h i l e

the number of a v a i l a b l e p a t r i c i a n Senators can hardly have exceeded

twenty.

A Cornelius L e n t u l u s i s known to have held the Tribunate i n a year

not c e r t a i n l y e s t a b l i s h e d , but probably e i t h e r 72 or 68 ( c f . Sumner,

QhatOHA pp. 125 f f . ) . He may have been Cn. Lentulus M a r c e l l i n u s ,

cos. 56, whose f a t h e r was born a p l e b e i a n Marcellus and adopted (whether

by testament or otherwise i s unknown) by a presumably p a t r i c i a n

Lentulus. But there a r e other p o s s i b i l i t i e s . On t h i s complicated

problem see Qnom. pp. 29. f f .

I n t h i s connexion a l s o the p o s s i b i l i t y of i n d i v i d u a l or f a m i l y

choice, to keep the o r i g i n a l s t a t u s or to change i t , i s not to be

overlooked.
 REGISTER OF ADOPTIONS

The c h r o n o l o g i c a l tOAmlvu. a r e , l o o s e l y , from C<X. 130 to 43. But

one or two l a t e r adoptions of s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t a r e included, and some

omitted which may have taken p l a c e before 42 but do not q u a l i f y as

evidence f o r r e p u b l i c a n procedure.

As f a r as p r a c t i c a b l e and apart from c r o s s r e f e r e n c e s i n d i v i d u a l s

are l i s t e d under t h e i r adoptive names. I t a l i c s a r e used f o r those

i

whose adoptions a r e not a t t e s t e d but only i n f e r r e d , with greater or

l e s s p r o b a b i l i t y , u s u a l l y from t h e i r names. Very doubtful or improbable

items a r e placed i n square b r a c k e t s . Numbers i n round b r a c k e t s r e f e r

to l i s t i n g s i n R E , a s t e r i s k s denoting names not included i n that

work. The form i n R E i s added i n round b r a c k e t s when i t d i f f e r s from

that given i n t h i s r e g i s t e r .

C. AELIUS PAETUS STAIENUS (C. Staienus)

Cf. C i c . Bruit. 241 ct C. StcUenuA, qui AC tp^c adoptavojiat ct do.

Statcno AeHum lecenat ( s e e p. 92 n.12). I n the pHo Clucntlo he i s

f 1
introduced as C. A e l i u s S t a i e n u s , thereafter called ' ( C ) Staienus.'

Clucnt. 72 says t h a t he cho&C the cognomen 'Paetus,' c u r r e n t among

the consular A e l i i i n the f i r s t h a l f of the second century and e a r l i e r

1
Cquld tu' Inquit, Facte?f —hoc cntm &lbl Staienus cognomen cx

lmaglnlbu6 Actio Hum dcJLegchat nc, &i Ac LiguAcm fiecsti&et, nationl6

maglA quam genvuj* uti cognomlnc vldeAetuA). H i s f u l l adoptive name

101
 102

w i l l t h e r e f o r e have run a s above.

M. AEMILIUS (30) Al/IANIANUS (M. Aemilius Avianus)

1
Not 'Avianus or 'Avianius' but 'Avianianus.' He was an A v i a n i u s

adopted by a M. A e m i l i u s : see Oltom. p. 5. F u l l name i n C i c . F a m .

287 ( X I I I . 2 1 ) . 1 ; 'Aemilius Avianianus' i n 293 ( X I I I . 2 7 ) . 2 ; 'M.

A e m i l i u s ' i n 314 ( X I I I . 2 ) .

M A M . AEMILItiS [SO) LEVIVUS L1VIANUS

Cos. 77. Probably son of M. L i v i u s Drusus, cos. 112. H i s adoptive

f a t h e r i s unknown, u n l e s s we f o l l o w Sumner's suggestion (OhatoHA, pp. 64

f . ) , d e s p i t e the praenomen and f i l i a t i o n 'Mam. f . ' i n the F a s t i

C a p i t o l i n i , t h a t he was M. Aemilius Lepidus, c o s . 126, 'Mamercus' being

an antique form of 'Marcus.' The adoptive agnomen appears only i n the

F a s t i , though ' I u l i a n o ' i n Chronogr. an. 354 probably d e r i v e s from

'Liviano.' Sometimes c a l l e d simply by the d i s t i n c t i v e praenomen

'Mamercus' (Fcu>t< Hyd. , C i c . BVio£, 175, et a l . ) ; 'Mam. Aemilius' i n C i c .

Ctuent. 99, e t a l . ; 'Mam. Aemilius Lepidus' i n V a l . Max. V I I . 7 . 6 .

*C. AFIEPIUS S E S T I A M S

A e d i l e i n Fundi (ILLRP 604 C , AfczdAUA C , {. SdUtl).

M. ANNEIUS

See SEX ( ? ) NONIUS SUFENAS.

*ANNlAhlUS

Cf. Att. 416 (15.13).4. Presumably an Annius by b i r t h ; c f .

Onom, pp. 8 f .
 103

C . ANNIUS (35) BELLJENUS

Legate to M. F o n t e i u s i n 72 ( C i c . Font. 18). Probably a B e l l i e n u s

adopted by a C. Annius ( s e e p. 8 2 ) , who was perhaps the P r e f e c t men-

tioned i n S a i l . Jug. 77.4.

T. ANNIUS (67) MILO

A Papius by b i r t h , adopted by h i s maternal grandfather T. Annius

(Ascon. 53.13, C l a r k ; the praenomen C . i n the MSS i s r i g h t l y r e j e c t e d

by e d i t o r s , d e s p i t e L. R. T a y l o r ' s doubts [Voting VIAZKLQAA, p. 1 9 0 ] ) .

The tnJjx nomlna a r e found i n L i v . Eptt. 107, Ascon. 28.21, C l a r k ,

1
and elsewhere. Usually (always by C i c e r o ) c a l l e d 'T. Annius or

'Milo'; 'Annius Milo' i n V e i l . I I . 4 5 . 3 and P l u t . Cid. 33.4. Never

'T. Milo.' Sometimes l i s t e d i n modern works ( i n c l u d i n g i n d i c e s to my

own e d i t i o n s ) a s 'T. Annius Milo Papianus,' which i s u n s a f e . The

cognomen 'Milo' may have been o r i g i n a l or r e t a i n e d a f t e r adoption i n

l i e u of 'Papianus.' Or he may have become 'T. Annius Papianus Milo.'

Drumann-Groebe's statement ( I . p. 30) that h i s n a t u r a l f a t h e r was a

C. Papius Celsus has no a u t h o r i t y .

M . ANTISTIUS [34] LABEO

The j u r i s t . Badian (VotU and Jmpdllum, Stud. E. T. Salmon [1974],

pp. 152 f . ) has shown that the standard r e c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h e name of

h i s father, M. B r u t u s ' f r i e n d , a s 'Pacuvius A n t i s t i u s Labeo' does not

accord with the evidence. Hts name was probably 'Pacuvius Labeo'

(praenomen unknown) , and h i s son w i l l have become an A n t i s t i u s by

adoption, c a r r y i n g over h i s o l d cognomen i n l i e u of 'Pacuvianus.'

 104

C . APPULEIUS (21) VEC1ANUS

Tr. p i . 98 and a sympathizer of L. Appuleius Saturninus, to whom

he was probably r e l a t e d ( C i c . Rab. pQAd. H.. 2 4 ) ; see Sumner, OKOJtOAA.

pp. 120 f . H i s adoptive f a t h e r may have been P. Decius, pr. 115, a s

suggested by Badian ( J . R . S . 46 [1956]. pp. 95 f . ) . 'Apuleius Decianus 1

i n S c h o l . Bob. 95.12, S t a n g l . C i c e r o (Rab. p&id. A. 24 f . ) twice

refers to him a s 'C. Decianus,' and so V a l . Max. V I I I . 1 . Damn. 2.

H i s son (Appuleius 2 2 ) , known from the pAO Elacco (51, 70-83), i s

1 1
there c a l l e d simply 'Decianus, but again 'Apuleius Decianus in

Schol. Bob. 93.28. Coins (Sydenham, Roman RepubtLcan Coinage, p. 214)

a t t e s t a L . Ap(puleius) Dec(ianus) as Quaestor da. 44 i n Spain.

S E X . (?) ATILIUS (71) SERRANUS ( [ A t i l i u s ? ] Serranus Domesticus [ ? ] )

The f u n e r a l SoAAanl VomLti (so Munzer f o r domoAtlal or domoAtctoi)

see Onom. pp. 35 f . ) ^AJU i n 54 i s mentioned i n C i c . % F^. I I I . 6 . 5 . He

w i l l have been born son of L. Domitius Ahenobarbus, Consul i n that

year, and adopted by t h e son of C. A t i l i u s Serranus, cos. 106. See

Onom. ibid.

SEX. ATILIUS (70) SERRANUS GAVIANUS

Born son of a Gavius, adopted probably by t h i s same Serranus,

whose praenomen w i l l t h e r e f o r e have been 'Sextus: 1

s e e Onom. p. 35.

On the corrupt reading i n SdAt. 72 see i b i d . p. 41. I n Sort. 74 C i c e r o

refers to him a s AXJLllixA klc GavlanuA, elsewhere a s 'Serranus 1

(SdAt.

85, 94; Att. 74 [ I V . 2 ] . 4 ) . 'Sex. A t i l i u s Serranus' i n Ascon. 11.17,

C l a r k , ' A t i l i u s Serranus' i n S c h o l . Bob. 122.30, S t a n g l .

 105

CN. AUFIDIUS (32) ORESTES

Cos. 7 1 . Adopted by the aged Cn. A u f i d i u s ( C i c . Vom. 3 5 ) , who

presumably had no cognomen, from the consular family of A u r e l i u s O r e s t e s ,

as may s a f e l y be i n f e r r e d : 'Cn. A u f i d i u s O r e s t e s ' (1LLRP 7 2 2 , Eutrop.

VI. 8 . 1 ) , 'Cn. O r e s t e s ' ( T U R P 1 0 1 2 , 1 0 1 4 ; C i c . Plane. 5 2 ; V a l . Max.

VII. 7.6), 'Orestes' 1 1 . 5 8 ) , 'Cn. A u f i d i u s ' {1LLRP 1013).

P. ALinVJUS [34] PONTIAWS

Of Amiternum ( V a r r . R.R, II.9.6). See PONTIUS AUFIDIANUS.

AURELTANUS [/)

Mentioned by C i c e r o i n a b u s i n e s s context (At£% 89 [IV.16].4).

M. AXIANUS

See M. GALLIUS AXIANUS.

BUCILUMUS

A Senator and one of Caesar's a s s a s s i n s . Simply so c a l l e d i n

Cic. A t t . 394 (XV.17).2, 4 1 1 (XVI.4) .4 and App. B . C . 11.113

(a<$eA4>S 6\3o, KOUKIAIOV TC KOU BOUKI Aiavov), 1 1 7 . He appears to have

been a B u c i l i u s adopted by a C a e c i l i u s .

Q. CAECILIUS ATTICUS (Pomponius, Suppl. V I I I . 1 0 2 )

Born T. Pomponius. Drumann-Groebe and R. Feger i n RE g i v e h i s

father's praenomen as ' T i t u s ' without a u t h o r i t y . The cognomen

'Atticus' was a c q u i r e d i n a d u l t l i f e ( C i c . Sen. 1 , Tin. V.4). Cicero

heads a l e t t e r of October 5 8 , w r i t t e n on r e c e i v i n g news of h i s f r i e n d ' s

adoption under the w i l l of an uncle, Q. C a e c i l i u s , Q.. CaecAJLio Q..

 106

Pomponlano Attlco. I n Varro's second dialogue dc R e RuAtlca, set in

67 but w r i t t e n t h i r t y y e a r s l a t e r , a speech by A t t i c u s i s prefaced

AttlcuA, qui tunc T. PomponluA, nunc £. CaeclLLuA cognomtnc eodem

(R.R. I I . 2 . 2 ) . I n 54 an enfranchised freedman of A t t i c u s took h i s

former praenomen, T i t u s , along w i t h h i s new nomen, C a e c i l i u s , an oddity

n o t i c e d by C i c e r o (Att. 90 [ I V . 1 5 ] . l ) . Another freedman was c a l l e d

Q. C a e c i l i u s E p i r o t a ( S u e t . G/iOtfim. 16.1). Suetonius r e f e r s to Atticus

as ' C a e c i l i u s A t t i c u s ' (Tib. 7.2). I n 58 C i c e r o r e f e r s to h i s

r e c e n t l y - b o r n daughter a s ' C a e c i l i a ' (Att. 116 [VI. 2 ] . 10, 118 [VI.4].3),

t h e r e a f t e r as ' A t t i c ( u l ) a ' — but never to A t t i c u s himself a s 'Caecilius.'

C a e c i l i a i n CIL VI.13795 may be h e r freedwoman ( c f . H a n s l i k , R E

XXI.2351.35; but the lemma '(Pomponia?) C a e c i l i a A t t i c a ' i s unwarranted)

However, t h e o l d praenomen and nomen, a s w e l l a s the cognomen,

remained i n general currency. C i c e r o a p o s t r o p h i s e s him a s 'mi (T.)

Pomponi' i n l e t t e r s of November 58 (Att. 67 [ I I I . 2 2 ] . 3 ) and 57 ( i b i d .

74 [ I V . 2 ] . 5 ) . I n l a t e r correspondence l i k e w i s e he i s sometimes

r e f e r r e d to a s '(T.) Pomponius,' a s a l s o i n published dialogues (e.g.

oViat. 1 0 ) . I n a l e t t e r of 50 C i c e r o imagines himself a s c a l l e d upon

to speak i n the Senate (' die, M. Tuttl%) and a s r e p l y i n g 'adAentloH.

Cn. PompelOp* Id CAt T. Pomponlo (Att. 130 [ V I I . 7 ] . 7 ) . Cornelius

Nepos begins h i s sketch, published during i t s s u b j e c t ' s l i f e t i m e ,

T. PomponluA AtticuA ( t h e r e a f t e r simply 'Atticus'). He i s 'Pomponius

A t t i c u s ' i n V a l . Max. V I I . 8 . 5 , Ascon. 77.4, C l a r k , and P l i n . W.H.

I . auct. 1. V I I ('Atticus Pomponius' i n auct. 1. X X X I I I ) .

 107

£. CAECILIUS (81) METELLUS CELER

Cos. 60. Born son, a s u s u a l l y supposed, of Q. C a e c i l i u s (95)

Metellus Nepos, c o s . 98, and adopted by h i s namesake ( C a e c i l i u s 8 5 ) .

Otherwise Wiseman, CI. £. 21 (1971), 180 f f . , but c f . Sumner, OnatoHA,

p. 132. H i s s t y l e would not be a f f e c t e d , except f o r the agnomen and

1
grandfather s praenomen.

Q. CAECILIUS (99) METELLUS PIUS SCIPIO

Cos. 52. Born P. C o r n e l i u s S c i p i o Nasica, he was t e s t a m e n t a r i l y

adopted (Dio, XL.51.3) by Q. C a e c i l i u s (98) Metellus P i u s , who died i n

f
64 or 63. His f u l l o f f i c i a l s t y l e appears t h e r e a f t e r a s Q. Caecilius

Q. f. Fab. Metellus P i u s S c i p i o 1
i n two AenatuACOVlAuJttCL ( C i c . Earn. 84

[VIII.8].5,6; c f . JGRR IV.409). f

Q. M e t e l l u s (Pius) S c i p i o 1
in a

formal reference i n C i c Ha/i. R&bp. 12, on c o i n s of 46 (Crawford

459-461), and a Pergamene i n s c r i p t i o n (JGRR IV.421), a l s o i n Ascon.

34.22, Clark; c f . S c h o l . Bob. 137, S t a n g l . f

Q. M e t e l l u s 1
i n ILLRP

1046, 1051. Once, i n a l e t t e r of 60 (Att. 21 [ I I . 1 ] . 9 ) , C i c e r o r e f e r s

T 1
to him as N a s i c a , but there i s no evidence that he h i m s e l f used

this agnomen a f t e r h i s adoption. K. KCUKIAIOS MereAAos SKITTIOJV

NaaiKOU ui. i n Dio XL index w i l l d e r i v e from yovi^ uev uic5s T O O

NaaiKOU wv i n the t e x t ( I . e . ) . C i c e r o has Sdtplo hie MeteUtuA,

followed by hie MettMuA and MeXdULL, i n a l e t t e r of 50 (Att. 115

[VI.1J.17; c f . Earn. 209 [ V I I . 2 3 ] . 2 Mo6^6 MdtdUl); but f o r C i c e r o

usually, and f o r C a e l i u s , Caesar ( B . C . ) , and the Betium Afitiicum,

he i s ' S c i p i o 1
( P . S c i p i o ' i n Phil.
f
XIII.29). Varro has ' S c i p i o

Metellus' i n R.R. III.10.1. The reading i s doubtful i n Nep.

 108
20
Att. 18.4 SciptoniA CoHndLL, and the r e f e r e n c e not c e r t a i n ( c f .

Mllnzer, RE IV. 1506.5).

1
Later L a t i n w r i t e r s follow s u i t . He i s u s u a l l y '(P.) S c i p i o ,

1
but sometimes ( a l s o i n P l u t a r c h ) 'Metellus S c i p i o * or ' S c i p i o M e t e l l u s .

I n E u t r o p i u s , e x c e p t i o n a l l y , 'P. C o r n e l i u s S c i p i o ' ( V I . 2 3 ) . Appian

and Dio blunder. The former c a l l s him ' A C U K I O S EKITTIWV' (B.C. 11.24,

e t a l . ) , the l a t t e r 'KUIVTOV ZKmiajva' (XL.51.2), which i s l i k e r e -

f e r r i n g to M. Brutus (Q. Caepio Brutus) a s 'Q. Brutus.'

The adoptive names a r e t h e r e f o r e mainly, though not e x c l u s i v e l y ,

used i n o f f i c i a l s t y l e , normally accompanied by the o r i g i n a l cognomen.

CALPURNIUS (113) SALV1AHUS

One o f the c o n s p i r a t o r s a g a i n s t Q. C a s s i u s Longinus i n Spain i n

48 @e£t. Alex. 53.2, 55.3; 'Calpurnius' i n V a l . Max. I X . 4 . 2 ) . Perhaps

an ancestor of Calpurnius (114) S a l v i a n u s of T a c . Ann. IV.36.1.

L. CASSIUS (32) CAEICIAMUS

Moneyer a , 102 (Crawford

C 321). For ' C a e i c i u s ' = 'Caecius'

c f . 1LLR? 111.

*d. CATJUS AEMILIAMUS

homo honzAtuA i n C i c . TuJUL. 19.

T I . CLAUDIUS NERO ( T i . I u l i u s [154] Caesar Augustus)

On h i s testamentary adoption by M. G a l l i u s , whose name he l a t e r

abandoned, see p. 91.

20
C i c h o r i u s (LztpzlgoA Stud. z. cZ. VhUL. 9 [1887]. p. 237 n.9) pro-
posed SciplonAA ComoJUt (ConndLLotuxm). B e t t e r Sclptonls Connatiionim)
{conndLlo -V)*
 109

AP. CLAUV1US (299) PULCHER

According to Moramsen's g e n e r a l l y accepted c o n c l u s i o n (Rttm. FoK-

AchlXiigm, I . p. 25 n.37), 'Appius minor' of Fam. 84 ( V I I I . 8 ) . 2 was

the younger son of C. Claudius Pulcher, adopted by h i s uncle Appius,

cos. 54, and thus becoming Ap. Claudius Ap. f . ( c f . JGRR IV.330). His

o r i g i n a l praenomen i s unattested, but was probably Gaius; c f . Wiseman,

HOAV. Stud. 74 (1970). p. 209 n.17.

P. CLODIUS (48) PULCHER

Had himself adopted by P. Fonteius (13) Capito ( ? ) i n 59 i n order

to acquire plebeian s t a t u s , but apparently never used the name ( s e e

p. 8 9 ) . H i s son, P. Claudius Pulcher ( c f . A t t . 367 A [XIV.13 A].2,

367 B [XIV.13 B].4; I L S 882) may have been born before the adoption.

M . COELIUS (27) (/IWICIAWUS

Tr. p i . 53. M . Codtio M . {. I'tntclano i n h i s s e p u l c h r a l i n -

s c r i p t i o n (ILLRP 402), and so (without f i l i a t i o n ) i n C i c . Fam. 81

( V I I I . 4 ) .3 (codd. atctvilanum) . Bull. Alzx. 77.2 has Caollo ViwLclano.

L. V i n i c i u s ( 1 ) , t r . p i . 51 (Fam. 84 [ V I I I . 8 ] . 6 . codd. utctntuA) , may

have been h i s brother.

M . C0NSWIUS (13) N0N1ANUS

In Fam. 146 (XVI.12).3 of January 49 C i c e r o r e p o r t s the appoint-

ment of one Considius Nonianus to succeed Caesar i n C i s a l p i n e Gaul.

He i s c l e a r l y i d e n t i f i a b l e w i t h the Propraetor M. Considius of Att.

161 B ( V I I I . 11 B).2, w r i t t e n about a month l a t e r . A Moneyer C.

Considius Nonianus i s s u e d c o i n s , perhaps i n 57 (Crawford 424; ca.

 110

54 Momrasen), w i t h a bust of Venus E r y c i n a on the obverse and her

temple on the r e v e r s e . The bust i s c l o s e l y s i m i l a r to one on a

c o i n of Faustus S u l l a , dated 56 by Crawford (426.3), who comments a s

follows:

'Given the Pompeian a s s o c i a t i o n s of the moneyer's presumed

brother, RE C o n s i d i u s 13, the S u l l a n l o y a l t i e s of the
Nonii Sufenates i n t h i s period, S u l l a ' s attachment to
Venus and the f a c t that the crowning v i c t o r y of the
C o l l i n e Gate took p l a c e near the Roman temple of Venus
E r y c i n a , i t i s d i f f i c u l t to avoid the c o n c l u s i o n that
the moneyer wished to express h i s sympathy w i t h the
Pompeian c l a i m to have succeeded S u l l a as the f a v o u r i t e
of Venus.'

I f i n d i t harder to avoid the c o n c l u s i o n that the Moneyer was r e -

l a t e d to S u l l a ' s nephew, Sex. Nonius (53; the cognomen Suffenas w i t h

which he i s g e n e r a l l y provided has no d i r e c t warrant, though i f the

sterama below i s c o r r e c t i t may be inferred)» whose inauguration as

Praetor of the Ixxsli \)ij&OhAjOL<L SalZanae i n 81 i s commemorated on

the c o i n s of h i s son, M. Nonius (52) Sufenas, t r . p i . 56, another

contemporary Moneyer ( i n 59 according to Crawford [ 4 2 1 ] ) . The r e -

l a t i o n s h i p between the Propraetor of 49 (date of P r a e t o r s h i p un-

c e r t a i n ) and the Moneyer of 57 ( ? ) has to be l e f t i n doubt. If

both were sons of the Praetor of 81 they were presumably adopted by

two b r o t h e r s C o n s i d i i , Marcus and Gaius. But the u n c e r t a i n chronology

does not e n t i r e l y exclude the p o s s i b i l i t y that they were f a t h e r and

son, as i n the f o l l o w i n g h y p o t h e t i c a l stemma:

 Ill

C o r n e l i a = (Nonius) L. Sulla Felix

I I
Sex. Nonius ( S u f e n a s ) , pr. 81 Faustus Sulla

Sex.(?) (Nonius) M. Considius Nonianus M. Nonius Sufenas (Nonia)=M.

Sufenas propr. 49 t r . p i . 56 Anneius

I
(adopts
M. Anneius
M. Anneius;
C. Considius Nonianus (Sex. Nonius Sufenas
see sub nom.)
mon. 57 ( ? ) Anneianus [ ? ] )

L. CORNELIUS (69) BALBUS

Adopted i n or before 56 by Pompey's protege Theophanes of Mytilene,

who a f t e r r e c e i v i n g Roman c i t i z e n s h i p w i l l have become Cn. Pompeius

Theophanes ( C i c . Balb. 57; c f . Att. 130 [ V I I . 7 ] . 6 ) . C i c e r o ' s words

ot adoptatio Tktophant agitata o^t, pvt quam ConnoJLLuA nihil QAt

phjaztzhjquam pn.oplnquon.um Auonum kzntdvtatoA adU&cutuA suggest that

Theophanes had married i n t o Balbus' f a m i l y ( s o R. K l o t z , ignored by

R. Laqueur, RE V A.2095 f . ) . The s o l e s u r v i v i n g t r a c e of t h i s

t r a n s a c t i o n i n h i s nomenclature i s i n H i s t . Aug. M a x . Qjt Balb. 7.3,

where he i s c a l l e d 'Balbus C o r n e l i u s Theofanes' ( s e e p. 9 0 ) . I t i s

ignored i n o f f i c i a l records ( a s Consul-Suffect i n 40 he i s s t y l e d

'L. C o r n e l i u s L. f . Balbus;' see Broughton, p. 379) and c o i n s , a s w e l l

as numerous r e f e r e n c e s i n contemporary and l a t e r w r i t i n g .

 112

P. CORNELIUS (141) DOLABELLA

Cf. C i c . Att. 131 ( V I I . 8 ) . 3 of December 50: VolabzZZam vidzo

LLviaz tzAtamznto cum duobuA zohzAzdibuA zAAz In tnizntz Azd hxbzJii

mutaxz nomzn. zAt TTOAITIKOV aKeyua Kzztumnz Att nobili adutz&cznti

nomzn muta/iz muJLlzhAA tzAtamznto. Azd id <|>iAoao(j>a)T£pov 6ieuKpxvnaouev

caw AcizmuA quantum quasi Ait in tsiizntiA t/iizntz. On t h i s see Weinrib,

pp. 258 f f . Nothing i n d i c a t e s t h a t D o l a b e l l a changed h i s name to

Livius. But he was l a t e r adopted by a p l e b e i a n C o r n e l i u s Lentulus

of u n c e r t a i n i d e n t i t y i n order to q u a l i f y f o r the Tribunate of 47.

On t h i s and on the three l i t e r a r y r e f e r e n c e s to him a s 'P. L e n t u l u s '

or 'Lentulus' see Onom. pp. 29 f f . With the doubtful exception of

a c o i n i n s c r i b e d 'Cn. L e n t u l ( u s ) ' ( i b i d . p. 31), p u b l i c records ( i n

F a s t i 'P. C o r n e l i u s D o l a b e l l a , ' 'P. C o r n e l i u s P. f . , * 'P. D o l a b e l l a ' )

and other contemporary r e f e r e n c e s use the o l d name. Likewise l a t e r

w r i t i n g , w i t h the aforementioned three exceptions.

P. CORNELIUS (230) LENTULUS

The moneyer 'Lent. Mar. f . ' ( c a . 100; Crawford 329) i s i d e n t i f i e d

with P. L e n t u l u s of C i c . Knot. 136 ( s e e Sumner, OhatottA, pp. 92 f . ) .

H i s n a t u r a l f a t h e r was M. Claudius (226) M a r c e l l u s . H i s descendants

bore the agnomen 'Marcellinus,' but there i s no evidence that he himself

did (contAa Miinzer and Crawford) .

CM. CORNELIUS [216] LENTULUS CL0V1ANUS

Cos. 72. The agnomen r e s t s on C i c . Att. 19 ( I . 1 9 ) . 2 and S a i l .

HiAt. f r . IV.1. G e n e r a l l y s t y l e d '(Cn.) L e n t u l u s ' (but Cn. f

C o r n e l i u s ' i n C i c . Baib. 1 9 ) , he i s i d e n t i f i a b l e w i t h Cn. Cornelius

 113

Cn. f . P a l . on Pompeius Strabo's conAAJtLam of 89 ( c f . Sumner, OnatoHA,

p. 124). The t r i b e P a l a t i n a may perhaps i n d i c a t e that he was born a

Claudius Pulcher ( c f . p. 88 f . ) . H i s adoptive f a t h e r was probably

1
Cn. Cornelius (178) L e n t u l u s , cos, 97. The 'vulgar form of the

adoptive cognomen ( i n s t e a d of 'Claudianus') i s noteworthy.

C N . CORNELIUS (217) LEhUULUS CLOVIAHUS

Praetor or Iudex Quaestionis i n 59; c f . C i c . Vat. 27 dam C.

AntonuxA KZOA ^iQAQJt apud Cn. Ldntulum Clodianum. I n Att. 19 (1.19).2

c a l l e d LentaJtuA CZodlant filliuA. From a mention of Clodianus s e n i o r

as an azquaLu of H o r t e n s i u s , who was born i n 115, i n Btiut. 230

Sumner argues that Clodianus j u n i o r can h a r d l y have been h i s son by

b i r t h , but r a t h e r was adopted t e s t a m e n t a r i l y between 65 and 60

(QhjatohA, pp. 124 f f . ) . I n t h a t case the son d i d not n e c e s s a r i l y i n -

h e r i t h i s adoptive cognomen; he might h i m s e l f have been a C l a u d i u s

by b i r t h .

P, CORNELIUS (239) LENTULUS SPINTHER

Son of P. C o r n e l i u s (238) L e n t u l u s Spinther, c o s . 57. Adopted

i n that year by a Manlius Torquatus i n order to make him e l i g i b l e f o r

a place i n the College of Augurs, which could not i n c l u d e two members

of the same gens (Dio, XXXIX.17.2). H i s subsequent nomenclature does

not r e f l e c t t h i s operation. I n the heading of an o f f i c i a l d i s p a t c h

i n 43 ( C i c . Earn. 406 [ X I I . 1 5 ] ) he s t y l e s h i m s e l f P. L e n t u l u s P. f .
f

proq. propr.,' and on a c o i n of 43-42 (Crawford 500) 'Lentulus

Spinther.' He i s c a l l e d 'Lentulus S p i n t h e r ' by C i c e r o (Att. 365

 114

[XIV.11].2; also 'Lentulus 1

and ' S p i n t h e r ' ) , P l u t a r c h (Cae6. 67.4),

and Appian (B.C. 11.119; 'Lentulus' ibid. IV.72),

CN. CORNELIUS (241; c f . 209) LENTULUS l/ATIA

I n a l l p r o b a b i l i t y Cn. Lentulus V a t i a of C i c . £. F t . I I . 3 . 5 =

AevxAos Bcrrm-ros of P l u t . C/L064. 8.2 = Cn. Lentulus of Oros. V.24.1.

He w i l l have been a S e r v i l i u s V a t i a adopted by a C o r n e l i u s Lentulus,

or conceivably vice versa. See Onom. pp. 31 f .

CORNELIUS [318] SCIPIO

Orosius (V.22.7; c f . 24.16) mentions Scipio Ldpidi {iJU.UA ( i . e .

son of M. A e m i l i u s Lepidus, c o s . 7 8 ) . He i s presumed to have been

Lepidus' son by b i r t h , adopted by a S c i p i o .

CORNELIUS (357) SCIPIO POMPONIANUS SALVITTO

According to P l i n y (N.H. XXXV.8), M. V a l e r i u s M e s s a l l a , c o s .

53, was stimulated to w r i t e h i s t r e a t i s e 'On F a m i l i e s ' cum ScipioniA

Pomponiani tnwnAiAAet atrium vidiAAetque adoptione teAtamentoKia

SatvittoneA (hoc enim {ucnat cognomen A{/iicanonum dedecofu.)21

in/iepentcA Scipionum nomini ( c f . VII.54 eiuAdem {amitiae Scipioni poAt

cum ( s c . SdJua.pi.oncm) nomen Salvitto mimuA dedit). Munzer i s c l e a r l y

22

r i g h t i n understanding that a Pomponius had been adopted by a S c i p i o .

The opprobrious agnomen ' S a l v i t t o ' ( i f that i s i t s true form) may have

been acquired l a t e r . T h i s was presumably the man whom Caesar took to

21
So punctuate w i t h Munzer, not, a s Mayhoff, (hoc dnim {uehjxt cognomen)
k{tiicanohjm deddconJ. VviepenteA.
22
The p l u r a l SaZvittoneA seems to be embroidery on P l i n y ' s p a r t .
 115

A f r i c a i n 46, dzApzoA^&Ajnum quondam e x ZohnoJUomxm gznviz, cwi ad

oppHobHAMm VAJtae Salvltonl aognomm e/iat (Suet, Jul. 59; c f . P l u t .

Cfl.e6. 52.5 av8pa)TTOs aXXcos uev euKaxa<j)p6vnxos KOU irapnpeXnuevos,

octets <Se xrfs 'A<J)piKavSv, EKITTIOOV eicaXeTxo EaXXoufxaiv (aaXXooxiwv

codd.; from Sal[l)u£Lo'!) and Dio X L I I . 5 8 . 1 I K xe xou yevous xoO TWV

Xicnriwvcav ovxa KOU xnv Trpoarryopf av xauxnv <j>epovxa (^ireKaXeTxo 6e

ZaXaxxwv).

CORNELIUS (371) SISENNA

See GABINIUS SISENNA,

C, C0SC0N1US (72) CALW1ANUS

Cf. C i c . &ui£. 242. Sumner (QnatohA, p. 25) i d e n t i f i e s him w i t h

C, Cosconius ( 4 ) , p r . 63. Mtinzer i s w i s e l y c a u t i o u s .

C . C0SSUT7US (4) M A R I P I A W U S

Moneyer i n 44 (Crawford 4 8 0 ) .

CURTIUS (23) PEDUCAEANUS

Born son of C. Peducaeus, p r . 77 ( c f , C i c . Red. In S e n . 2 1 ) , H i s ,

and therefore h i s adoptive f a t h e r ' s , praenomen was almost c e r t a i n l y

'Marcus,' not 'Gaius;' see Onom. p. 33.

CURTIUS (26) POSTUMUS

See RABIRIUS POSTUMUS

*L. EQU1TIUS CAEClLlAhlUS POSTUiUS

L. EquAjU C. Caecul PoA&un (1LLRP 831) occurs i n one of a

s e r i e s of s e p u l c h r a l i n s c r i p t i o n s a t Caere, s a i d to date from the t h i r d

 116

century down to the beginning of the Empire. I f t h i s i s a case of

1
adoption, the f i l i a t i o n i s i r r e g u l a r , 'C, being presumably the p r a e -

nomen of the n a t u r a l f a t h e r . See p. 92.

£. VASTUS [154) VERG1L1ANUS

Legate to Ap, P u l c h e r i n 51. The name stands as above i n C i c .

Earn. 67 ( I I I . 4 ) , 1 and o r i g i n a l l y , no doubt, so stood i b i d , 66.

(III.3).l. He may be the Q. Fabius of Att. 161 A ( V I I I . 1 1 A ) . Nothing

i s c e r t a i n about h i s adoptive f a t h e r Q. Fabius or h i s n a t u r a l f a t h e r

V e r g i l i u s except the names, but the l a t t e r may be C. V e r g i l i u s (3)

Balbus, p r . 62 ( f o r h i s cognomen see Broughton, p. 133) or M.

Vergilius ( 4 ) , t r . p i . 87.

CN. EAEN1US (Fannius 11)

Knight, ^KJOteA gQAmanUA to a Senator, Q. T i t i n i u s ( C i c . VWi.

1.128, 1 3 0 ) . H i s name (on which see Onom. p. 38) or that of

T i t i n i u s w i l l have been adoptive.

A. GABTH1US SISENNA ( C o r n e l i u s [371] Sisenna)

I n V a l . Max. V I I I . l . a b s . 3 {OLLuA Gablnti Stdznna. Named by cog-

nomen i n Dio, XXXIX.56.5 (Eiaevvav xe T O V uxov [ s c . T a f t i v i o u ] ) , and

Joseph. Ant. Tad. XIV.92. Munzer wished to make him stepson to

A. Gabinius, c o s . 58, perhaps son of L. C o r n e l i u s Sisenna the

historian. The Thesaurus (VI.755.66) quotes a s o l i t a r y example of

{tUdxA used f o r ptbLvtgmU, CJL X.3013, and there £llio r e f e r s to mateA

r a t h e r than to patAOAtOA. f
Oddly enough, Munzer d i d not f i n d the

obvious e x p l a n a t i o n . The man w i l l be a C o r n e l i u s Sisenna (son of the

 117

pi. 78?) adopted by Gabinius and r e t a i n i n g h i s cognomen 1

(Badian,

PhMlol. 103 [1959]. p. 97 n . l ) .

M . GALLIUS AXIANUS (Axianus)

Called 1
Gallius 1
i n C i c . Att. 207 (X.15).4, he w i l l have been

the son of Q. Axius ( 4 ) , adopted by a M. G a l l i u s . I would now read

M . Axlanum i n Att. 408 ( X V . 2 9 ) . l ; see Onom. pp. 15 f .

C. JULIUS (132) CAESAR OCTAVIANUS

Born C. Octavius. According to Suetonius (Aug. 7.1) he r e c e i v e d

a cognomen 'Thurinus' i n e a r l y childhood, but there i s no evidence of

i t s l a t e r use e i t h e r before or a f t e r h i s testamentary adoption by Caesar

the D i c t a t o r . I n Dio, XLV.1.1 Taios 6 'OKTCXUIOS Kamias corruption

has been suspected. A f t e r the adoption C i c e r o ' s l e t t e r s to A t t i c u s

at f i r s t c a l l him 'Octavius;' so too M. Brutus i n ad Bfiut. 24 and 25

of mid 43 ( c f . P l u t . Bnat. 29.9). I n Tarn. 350 (XVI.24).2 of

November 44 from C i c e r o to T i r o the parados i s OctavAJUA need not be

wrong. I n Att. 390 (XV.12).2 of June 44 and the r e s t of the A t t i c u s

correspondence he i s 'Octavianus' (and so P o l l i o i n Pom. 409 [X.33].3

of May-June 4 3 ) , but 'Caesar' i n Tarn. 365 ( X I I . 5 ) . 2 of February 43

to C a s s i u s and 'Caesar Octavianus' i b i d . 347 ( X I I . 2 3 ) . 2 of October 44

and 373 ( X I I . 2 5 ) . 4 of March 43 to C o r n i f i c i u s . Publicly, i n the

P h i l i p p i c s , he i s ' ( C ) Caesar' or, more o f f i c i a l l y , 'C. Caesar

Gai f i l i u s ' (Plxit. V.46; 'C. I u l i u s C. f . Caesar' i n a t r i u m v i r a l i n -

s c r i p t i o n , ILS 7 6 ) . I t i s o f t e n s t a t e d t h a t he never h i m s e l f used t h e

adoptive cognomen 'Octavianus' ( c f . Schmitthenner, pp. 68 f f . ) , but

for the t r i u m v i r a l period the evidence to t h i s point i s not c o n c l u s i v e .

 118

On the anomalous 'Octavius C a e s a r 1

i n App. B.C. IV.8 see

Schmitthenner, pp. 70 f .

V. JUNIUS (Suppl. V.55a) BRUTUS ALBINUS

I t i s g e n e r a l l y agreed that h i s n a t u r a l f a t h e r was D. Junius

Brutus, cos. 77, and that he was adopted by a Postumius A l b i n u s ,

probably a son of A. Postumius Albinus, cos. 99. On h i s c o i n s of 48

he i s 'Albinus B r u t i f . ' (Crawford 450, 451), supporting the nomen-

c l a t u r e i n d i c a t e d i n Greek sources c i t e d by Miinzer ( P l u t a r c h , Appian,

Dio): e.g. AeKiuos Bpouxos eiTiKAnaiv 'AA&Tvos; Aeicuos Bpouxos

5
AA3?vos; Bpouxov xov AGKIUOV, O"V KOU ' I o u v i o v 'AABTvov xe eireKaAouv,

But i t should be noted t h a t the Q&tftlUjcium 'Junius' i s a t t e s t e d

only by Dio, who i s f a r from trustworthy i n such matters. Latin

w r i t e r s , contemporary and l a t e r , r e f e r to him a s 'D. Brutus' ( o r

'Brutus' or 'Decimus'), except t h a t once, t o make a p a r t i c u l a r p o i n t ,

Cicero c a l l s him 'Postumius,' i f I have r i g h t l y understood Att. 114

(V.21).9 of 50. Even i n proposed Adnata* CO MuZta f

he i s D. Brutus

imperator ( c o n s u l d e s i g n a t u s ) ' (Pkil. I I I . 3 7 f., V I I I . 3 3 ) , as also

i n h i s own and C i c e r o ' s l e t t e r - h e a d i n g s ( F a m . 342 [ X I . 4 ] , etc.).

M. JUNIUS BRUTUS

See Q. SERVILIUS CAEPIO BRUTUS.

M. JUNIUS [170) S1LANUS (MUREWAf)

An i n s c r i p t i o n of P r i e n e (InAchK. V. Vhtcnc 121.40; c f . 5 5 1 ) ,

referring IntQA aLLoA to MStpicov ExAavov Mupeva x a u i a v , has generated

confusion. I t s date i s doubtful. A mention of an embassy to Seleucus

 119

(VI Epiphanes N i c a t o r ) as (crown) p r i n c e l e d the e d i t o r s to p l a c e i t

before 96; but t h i s r e f e r e n c e may be to the more or l e s s remote past,

and the same e d i t o r s advocate a d a t i n g to 8 4 - 8 1 , when S u l l a ' s

lieutenant L. L i c i n i u s Murena was governor of A s i a . In their notes

Mupevot xctuiav i s taken as 'Murena's Quaestor,' though t h e i r t e x t

reads Mupeva^y^ xauiav. Miinzer's entry r e f l e c t s these i n c o n s i s t e n c i e s

( c f . a l s o RE XXI.15.56).

I f Mupeva (gen.) r e f e r s to the Propraetor of 8 4 - 8 1 , the omission

of h i s praenomen i s e x t r a o r d i n a r y , and i t i s a t ,least unusual to f i n d

somebody thus r e f e r r e d to i n an i n s c r i p t i o n as 'so-and so's Quaestor.'

I t therefore seems p r e f e r a b l e to accept the emendation Mupeva^v^ and

to regard 'Murena' as an adoptive cognomen (so Wiseman assumes,

Liverpool ClaAAical Monthly, 1 [ 1 9 7 6 ] . p. 2 ) . M. J u n i u s S i l a n u s

Murena can p l a u s i b l y be i d e n t i f i e d w i t h the Proconsul S i l a n u s mentioned

by P l i n y (M.f/. 1 1 . 1 0 0 , XXXV.131) as governor of A s i a i n 76; he w i l l

then be younger brother to the Propraetor of 84-81 and son by adoption

to M. Junius S i l a n u s , cos. 1 0 9 . Miinzer's i d e n t i f i c a t i o n (followed by

Broughton, p. 94) w i t h MapKOV 'Iouviov A^£^K6UOU uiov IiAavov axpaTnyov

i n an i n s c r i p t i o n of Mylasa (Le Bas—Waddington 409) must on t h i s show-

ing be discarded. The adoptive f a t h e r of a M. S i l a n u s Murena must

a l s o have been a M. Silanus.

I t must, however, be admitted t h a t the P r i e n e i n s c r i p t i o n may

belong to an e a r l i e r period. None of the other Roman o f f i c e r s men-

tioned ( a s axpaTnyoi) can be i d e n t i f i e d w i t h any s e c u r i t y ( c f . , however,

Syme, HUtoniA, 4 [ 1 9 5 5 ] . p. 58).

 120

M. LAENAS CURTIANUS

See M. POPILIUS LAENAS CURTIANUS.

*Q. LATERIUS VkVERlkHUS

ILLR? 1148 (from C a e r e ) .

( L . ) LICINIUS (76) CRASSUS (SCIPIO)

Son of P. C o r n e l i u s S c i p i o Nasica and a daughter of the orator L.

L i c i n i u s C r a s s u s , who adopted him by testament; c f . C i c . BhJXt. 212. As

Munzer s a y s , h i s nomenclature has to be i n f e r r e d from that passage.

I t i s not c e r t a i n that he used the agnomen ' S c i p i o ' r a t h e r than

'Cornelianus,' but the f o l l o w i n g r e f e r e n c e to h i s brother M e t e l l u s

S c i p i o a s 'hie S c i p i o ' suggests i t .

P . LKWWS C R A S S U S J U N I A N U S P A M A S I P P U S ( L i c i n i u s [65] Crassus

Damasippus and P. L i c i n i u s [75] C r a s s u s Iunianus)

See Onom. p. 46 f o r the c o n f l a t i o n of C r a s s u s Junianus i n C i c .

Eh.. I I I . 6 . 4 = P. L i c i n i u s (P. f . ) Crassus Junianus on i n s c r i p t i o n s

and c o i n s w i t h L i c i n i u s ( C r a s s u s ) Damasippus of Caes. B . C . 11.44.3,

etc.

M. LICINIUS LUCULLUS

See M. TERENTIUS VARRO LUCULLUS

M. LIVIUS (19) DRUSUS CLAUDIANUS

Son of a Claudius Pulcher, adopted by M. L i v i u s Drusus, t r . p i .

91, and f a t h e r of L i v i a Augusta. An i m p e r i a l i n s c r i p t i o n (ILS 124)

records the f u l l name. I n C i c e r o ' s correspondence he i s 'Drusus,'

in Velleius 'Drusus Claudianus' ( I I . 75.3 [ c o r r e c t Munzer's r e f e r e n c e ] ,

 121

? 1
II.94.1) and Drusus L i v i u s ( I I . 7 1 . 3 ) , i n Dio ( X L V I I I . 4 4 . 1 )
! 1
Livius Drusus.

SEX. LUC1LTUS (16)

Cf. C i c . Att. 113 (V.20).4 of 50: S>ox. LuctUum. T. Gavi

Catpionls locaplztU ei AplmdUdl hominXA faiLidim, tAibu\uxm n\tUJum.

1
Miinzer takes ^ilium to mean 'stepson, but see under GABINIUS SISENNA.

' L u c i l i u s ' i s doubtless an adoptive nomen. The adoptive f a t h e r may have

been dead, or l e s s d i s t i n g u i s h e d than Caepio; c f . Pontius T i t i n i a n u s

T 1
c a l l e d Q. T i t i n i f i l i u s . The M i l i t a r y Tribune may have s t y l e d him-
! 1
s e l f Sex. L u c i l i u s Gavianus or 'Sex. L u c i l i u s (Gavianus) Caepio.'

* C . LUTTIUS A U L I A N U S

An i n s c r i p t i o n , I L L R P 680 = CIL XIV.3664, recorded C. L u t t i u s L. f .

Aulian(us) as a m a g i s t r a t e of T i b u r . I t i s no longer extant, but was

copied by a number of hands i n the s i x t e e n t h and seventeenth

centuries. From v a r i o u s i n d i c a t i o n s Dessau assigned i t ' a e t a t i , ut

puto, C i c e r o n i a n a e . ' Two of the t r a n s c r i b e r s have a r e g u l a r adoptive

filiation, 'C. f . '

C. MARCIUS (63) HGULUS

Although t h e Consul o f 64 always goes by t h i s name or p a r t s of

i t i n F a s t i , i n s c r i p t i o n s , and l i t e r a t u r e ( C i c . Att. 11 [1.2],1,

260 [ X I I . 2 1 ] . 1 ; S a i l . Cat. 17.1; Ascon. 7.9, C l a r k ) , w i t h the s o l e

exception of Chronogr. an. 354 CouzAaAZ oX TuAmo, the o l d c o n j e c t u r e

i d e n t i f y i n g him with (Minucius) (60) Thermus i s not to be despised;

 122

c f . my note on Att. 10 (1.1.2). A f t e r adoption he may have c a l l e d him-

s e l f 'C. Marcius F i g u l u s Thermus.' Cf. Onom. p. 55.

M. MARIUS (42) GRATIDIANUS

f
Son of C i c e r o s great-uncle M. G r a t i d i u s and Maria, s i s t e r to

the great C. Marius and M. Marius; the l a t t e r adopted him. F u l l name

i n C i c . dz Onal. I . 178, e t a l . Also '(M.) Marius 1

(Comm. Pztit. 10,

0{{. I I I . 6 7 , et a l ) and 'Gratidianus' (dz Gnat. 11.262; 0 ^ . III.67,

? 1 1
8 0 ) — b u t never M. Gratidianus. 'Marius G r a t i d i a n u s i n Asconius

(84.7, C l a r k ) and P l i n y (N.H. XXXIII.132, XXXIV.27).

L. MINUCIUS ( c f . 38) BASILUS

C i c . 0{{. I I I . 7 3 f. records a testamentary adoption, probably i n

the s e v e n t i e s , of one M. S a t r i u s by h i s uncle L. Minucius (37)

Basilus. I n Phil. 11.107 he i s c a l l e d ' B a s i l u s . ' I do not now

b e l i e v e i n h i s i d e n t i t y w i t h Caesar's a s s a s s i n ; see Onom. pp. 53 f .

£. MUCWS (12) 0REST1NUS

T r . p i . 64, a supporter of C a t i l i n e and probably, as Munzer

suggests, r e l a t e d to h i s w i f e A u r e l i a O r e s t i l l a . The name as above

i s due to Asconius, 83.9, C l a r k ; c f . 88.18 zognomzn autzm Q.. Muclo

tnlbu.no quzm nominal {uit Onzhtinuh. C i c e r o (Tog. Cand.) addresses

him as 'Q. Muci.' The i n f e r e n c e that he was an A u r e l i u s Orestes by

b i r t h adopted by a Q. Mucius may not be a l t o g e t h e r c o r r e c t . The

analogy of the M a r c e l l i n i suggests t h a t the person adopted may have

been the Tribune's f a t h e r , who could have been a son of L. A u r e l i u s

O r e s t e s , cos. 126, or h i s brother Gaius ( A u r e l i u s 178). I f the

 123
f
adopting Mucius was a Scaevola, the T r i b u n e s f u l l name may have
f
been Q. Mucius Scaevola O r e s t i n u s . '

SEX.(?) NONIUS SUFENAS (Annaeus 4)

The homonymous son of M. Anneius of C a r s e o l i was adopted by an

uncle, Sufenas ( V a l . Max. VII.7.2). Munzer thought the son might

be i d e n t i c a l w i t h M. Nonius (52) Sufenas, t r . p i . 56; but i f , as

f 1
Miinzer a l s o h e l d , the l a t t e r s f a t h e r was 'jedenfalls Sex. Nonius

(53), pr. 81, h i s praenomen should a l s o i n that case have been

f !
Sextus. See a l s o under M. CONSIDIUS NONIANUS.

*L. NUMISTRONIUS VECUNUS

A e d i l e a t Fundi, w i t h f i l i a t i o n f
L . f . ' (ILLRP 603).

0PP1US (34) ST AT JANUS

Legate of Antony i n 36. So Dio, XLIX.25.2, elsewhere

f 1
Statianus.

PLAET0RJ1 (14-16) CEST1AN1

The only sure information comes from c o i n s . As Quaestor ( c a . 74)

a L. P l a e t o r i u s (14) L. f . s t r u c k coins (Crawford 396) showing a

naked a t h l e t e with a caertuA i n h i s l e f t hand. L. P l a e t ( o r i u s ) (15)

C e s t ( i a n u s ) on coins of 43-42 (Crawford 508) may have been h i s son.

Coins of M. P l a e t o r i u s (16) M. f. C e s t i a n u s , some i s s u e d by him as

Curule A e d i l e , are dated to 69-67 (Crawford 405-409). Since their

f i l i a t i o n proves that the two e l d e r P l a e t o r i i were not b r o t h e r s ,

i t i s i n f e r r e d t h a t the cognomen appeared i n a t l e a s t four generations,

i n which case the b i r t h of the f i r s t C e s t i a n u s can h a r d l y be put

 124

l a t e r than 1 4 0 . But there a r e other p o s s i b i l i t i e s . The caQAtuA on

the Quaestor's coins i s not proof p o s i t i v e that he bore the cognomen

( i t might only i n d i c a t e a f a m i l y connexion w i t h the C e s t i a n i ) and the

Moneyer of 4 3 - 4 2 could have been son of M a r c u s — l e a v i n g only two gen-

erations of Cestiani. Plaetolio RuAtLano i n Bdtt. A £ t . 9 6 . 1 should

perhaps be CoAttano ( U r s i n u s ) ; but ' R u s t i u s ' i s an a t t e s t e d

gentttaiAjurn.

L. PLAUT1US PLANCUS ( P l o t i u s 10)

O r i g i n a l l y , by i n f e r e n c e , C. Munatius Plancus (on the praenomen

see Munzer, R E XVI.541 f.) . H i s c o i n s of ca. 47 a r e i n s c r i b e d ' L .

P l a u t i u s ' on one s i d e and 'Plancus' on the other (Crawford 4 5 3 ) .

Cicero heads formal l e t t e r s (Att. 407 A, B [XVI.16 A, B ] ) (L.)

Planco ph.. ddAtg. The adoptive g&itAJLicuum occurs i n V a l . Max.

VI.8.5 C . PlottuA PlanauA ( C . may be a mere e r r o r , or p o s s i b l y a

reminiscence of t h e o r i g i n a l praenomen) and P l i n . M . H . X I I I . 2 5

L . PlotluA (= S o l i n . 46.3).

SEX. POMPEIUS (19)

Son of the philosopher Sex. Pompeius (18) and apparently con-

temporary w i t h Cato U t i c e n s i s ( P l u t . Cat. ttin. 3 . 2 ) . Badian,

HiAtohJja, 12 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . p. 1 3 9 , suggests that he was adopted a f t e r the

death of a son by b i r t h , Sex. Pompeius Sex. f . C l u . , recorded as a

member of the Asculum consilium.

0. POMPEIUS (42) RUFUS

Recorded i n the Oropian decree of 73 as Q. f . f the t r i b e 0

Arnensis. Mommsen placed him as an adopted son of the homonymous

 125

Consul of 8 8 , n a t u r a l f a t h e r unknown: see Badian, I . e . , pp.

138 f .

T. POMPONIUS ATTICUS

See Q. CAECILIUS ATTICUS.

PONUANUS (1)

Cf. Att. 285 ( X I I . 4 4 ) . 2 torn hide a Powtuino, which I t r a n s l a t e d

'ever s i n c e the Pontianus b u s i n e s s . 1

I t could mean 'ever s i n c e the

Pontius business, c f . 373 (XIV. 18).2 Albtamim

1
[sc. n&gotbum].

PONTIUS (19) A U F I P I A M U S

Roman Knight, s u b j e c t of an anecdote i n V a l . Max. VI. 1.3

which Munzer f a i l e d to understand, though he d i d not f a i l to point

out a probable connexion w i t h P. A u f i d i u s (34) Pontius of Amiternura

(Varr. R.R. II.9.6).

PONTIUS (22) T I T I N I A N U S

T h i s son by b i r t h of t h e Senator Q. T i t i n i u s appears i n four

l e t t e r s of 4 9 ; once (Att. 187 [ I X . 1 9 ] . 2 ) a s 'Pontius T i t i n i a n u s , '

elsewhere ( i b i d . 172 [ I X . 6 ] . 6 , e t c . ) as '(Q.) T i t i n i filius.'

*M. (P0P1L1US?) LAENAS CURTIANUS

Recorded by Asconius ( 2 8 . 2 3 , C l a r k ) as one of those pleading w i t h

the j u r y on b e h a l f of M. Scaurus i n 5 4 . The parados i s molma (M. oZ-)

ACOKtUJLVWL* was emended by Madvig. B e i e r ' s proposal M . OCXOVAJULA

LacnaA CuAtLanuA, not mentioned i n C l a r k ' s apparatus, presumably gave

r i s e to the assumption i n h i s index that t h i s was (by adoption) an

 126

Octavius Laenas. That family only begins to emerge some h a l f a

century later.

C i c e r o (Earn. 29 [ V I I . 8 ] . 2 of 54) probably r e f e r s to one

Precianus, presumably an adopted P r e c i u s : quod AQAUOAJ* dz UULo

PsiZCsLa.no AMAZCOnAu&to. But Vizdano could be an a d j e c t i v e ('that

lawyer i n the P r e c i u s c a s e , ' v e l s i m . ) .

M. PUPIUS (10) PISO FRUGI (CALPURNIANUS)

Cos. 61. A Calpurnius P i s o F r u g i adopted by the aged M. Pupius

( C i c . Vom. 3 5 ) , he appears as 'M. Pupius M. f . P i s o F r u g i ' i n the

F a s t i Amiternini and i n a Greek i n s c r i p t i o n from Miletus ( c f . Syme,

J . R . S . 50 [ I 9 6 0 ] , p. 1 5 ) ; a s 'M. P i s o M. f . F r u g i ' on c o i n s of 61 ( ? )

(Crawford 418); a s 'M. P i s o F r u g i ' (except t h a t the agnomen has

been o b l i t e r a t e d ) on a Samian i n s c r i p t i o n (Syme, i b i d . ) ; and a s

M. ITou7r[X]ios M. in . JIiau>v i n the index to Dio, XXXVII. Varro,

R . R . I I I . 13.1 has 'M. Pupius P i s o , ' and Asconius (15.14, C l a r k ) has

'Pupius' ( s o Manutius f o r P.) ' P i s o , ' e x p l a i n i n g M . ViAonXA of

C i c e r o ' s t e x t ; but commonly and u n o f f i c i a l l y he i s c a l l e d '(M.)

P i s o ' ( C i c . VQJUL. I I . 1 . 3 7 , e t c . ) . Chronogr. an. 354 h a s , i n t e r e s t i n g l y ,

CaZfuAnAja.no, which may be an a l t e r n a t i v e cognomen or part of the name

at f u l l extension ( c f . under C. MARCIUS FIGULUS).

On M. P i s o , p r . 44 ( C i c . VkiZ. I I I . 2 5 ) , who was doubtless the

Consul's son, s e e Syme, HiAtoAia, 7 (1958). pp. 172 f f . , J . R . S . 50

(1960). pp. 15 f f . ; Badian, Acta o{ tkz ?l{tk Epighaphuial CongKOAA

1967, pp. 209 f f . To him Syme would r e f e r an i n s c r i p t i o n , T.LLRP 377

 127

(assigned by D e g r a s s i to the Consul of 6 1 ) , recording 'M. C a l -

purnius M. f . F r u g i , ' and e x p l a i n t h a t he s u b s t i t u t e d h i s f a t h e r ' s

former QZntiUjlAjxm f o r 'the unprepossessing Pupius' pftopAto motu.

Badian has a much b e t t e r s o l u t i o n : the i n s c r i p t i o n r e f e r s to the

Consul of 61 and r a n o r i g i n a l l y M . VAJSO M . ft. THJULQI, 'Calpurnius'

being an i n t e r p o l a t i o n by t h e engraver who reproduced i t i n the time

of T r a j a n as part o f the r e s t o r a t i o n o f the b u i l d i n g to which i t

belongs. I mention a theory of my own because I do not s e e how i t

can be a b s o l u t e l y r u l e d out, though I much p r e f e r Badian's. I f M.

Piso F r u g i j u n i o r had been born before h i s f a t h e r ' s adoption, and i f

the f a t h e r ' s praenomen was o r i g i n a l l y a l s o 'Marcus,' the son's name

would be as i n the i n s c r i p t i o n . Against t h i s i s the f a c t that no

Marcus i s found among a t t e s t e d C a l p u r n i i Pisones; though i n that

connexion M. Calpurnius B i b u l u s , Consul i n 5 9 , who was probably

descended from a branch of the Pisones ( c f . A. A f z e l i u s , C £ . eX

MedLaev. I [ 1 9 3 8 ] . pp. 59 f . ) , i s worth r e c a l l i n g .

C. RABIRIUS (6) POSTUMUS

His i d e n t i t y w i t h C. C u r t i u s (26) Postumus (the praenomen 'M.'

i n RE and elsewhere i s wrong; s e e Onom. pp. 33 f . ) i s hardly i n doubt.

He was a son by b i r t h of C. C u r t i u s ( 5 ) , adopted by h i s uncle C.

R a b i r i u s ( 5 ) , probably by testament (Dessau, HeAmeA [ 1 9 1 1 ] . pp. 614

f.). Although C u r t i u s seems i n f a c t to have died before h i s son was

born ( C i c . Rab. VoAt. 4 pattern 4 u u m numqiiam vldeAoX), t h e cognomen

was apparently i n h e r i t e d ( c f . C i c . \JeAA. I I . 1.100 Q . eX Cn. Po*£um<U>

CuAtiU) . I n C i c e r o ' s defence ( c a . end of 54) he i s throughout

 128

r e f e r r e d to by cognomen except once a t the beginning (C. RabAJuum) and

once a t the end ( C . RabVit PoAtwni; on Madvig's supplement i n 21 see

Onom. p. 3 4 ) ; so too i n l e t t e r s , except f o r ' C u r t i u s ' i n Tarn. 153

( I I . 1 6 ) . 7 and 'Postumus C u r t i u s ' i n Att. 169 ( I X . 2 a ) . 3 , both of 49

(and so JLLR? 1 1 8 4 ) ; but R a b i r i u s Postumus i n Bell.

r 1
A{ji. 8 . 1 ,

26.3. H i s freedmen, C. C u r t i u s Mithres (Jam. 297 [ X I I I . 6 9 ] . 1 ) and

others ( c f . Dessau, I . e . , pp. 617 f . ) , w i l l have been manumitted

before the adoption.

Hi. RiMTlUS UESS1ANUS

M. Runtius L . f . Messia(nus) i s recorded as A e d i l e a t Fundi

(JLLR? 603, 6 0 4 ) .

SALVJUS SALVJVJENUS (Q. S a l v i d i e n u s [4] Rufus S a l v i u s )

In literary sources ( L i v y ' s Epitome, V e l l e i u s , Suetonius, Appian,

f
Dio) he appears as Q. S a l v i d i e n u s Rufus* or by one or two of these

names, on c o i n s (Crawford 523) as *Q. S a l v i u s . 1

'Had he taken to

latinising the a l i e n gentltlclarn? or e l s e " S a l v i u s " i s a cognomen 1

(Syme, Roman Revolution, p. 129 n . 2 ) . Rather, as seems to have

been i n Munzer s mind (RE I A . 2 0 1 9 . 3 6 ) , he w i l l have been a

f

f
S a l v i d i e n u s adopted by a S a l v i u s , becoming o f f i c i a l l y Q. Salvius

Q. f . S a l v i d i e n u s ( R u f u s ) . 1
Oh the unchanged gwtAllicAjum i n -lenuA

see p. 82 .

[0. SAUEEJUS TREBJANUS]

A D e l i a n i n s c r i p t i o n (ILLRP 760) records Q. S a u f e i u s P. f .

Treb(ianus). The cognomen i s probably not adoptive ( s e e p. 8 2 ) .

 129

I. SUmONWS (26) ATRATWUS

Cos. s u f f . 34. I n a T h e s s a l i a n i n s c r i p t i o n (ILS 9461) he appears

as AeuKiov EevirpuSviov Briaxxa inov 'AipaxTvov and i n o f f i c i a l l i s t s as

!
L. Sempronius L. f . L. n. ' H i s n a t u r a l f a t h e r w i l l have been L.

Calpurnius (25) B e s t i a , h i s adoptive f a t h e r a L. Sempronius A s e l l i o

who had r e v i v e d the ancient p a t r i c i a n cognomen ' A t r a t i n u s ; ' see

Munzer; A u s t i n , Pfco CcizLLo, Appendix V I ; Badian, Pn.0C. A£t. CI. k*A.

f
2 (1968). p. 5. On l i t e r a r y and other r e f e r e n c e s to him as (L.

or Sempronius) A t r a t i n u s ' a l s o see Munzer.

Q. SERVILIUS CAEPIO BRUTUS (M. I u n i u s [53] Brutus)

With what f o l l o w s c f . J . Geiger, kn.ai.zwt Society, 4 (1973).

pp. 148 f f .

Son of M. J u n i u s (52) Brutus, t r . p i . 83, adopted by h i s uncle

Q. S e r v i l i u s Caepio i n or before 59, he became o f f i c i a l l y 'Q.

1 f 1
S e r v i l i u s Caepio B r u t u s or Q. Caepio B r u t u s . The l a t t e r s t y l e i s

used repeatedly by C i c e r o i n a proposed AznatuACOnAulXum (Phil. X.25 f . )

and i s found on c o i n s (Crawford 502-505). According to the anonymous

author of the l i t t l e t r e a t i s e dz PAaznomtnibuA, p r i n t e d a t the end

of e d i t i o n s of V a l e r i u s Maximus, the QZntXLicAjxm 'Servilius 1

was

dropped (2 quin ztiam quazdam cognomlna In nomzn vznra. Aunt, ut

Cazpto: namquz hoc In Bluto nomintA locum obtinuAt); and a Greek i n -

s c r i p t i o n (Oropus: IG VII.383) c a l l s him 'Quintus Caepio, son of

23

Quintus, Brutus.' But an Athenian i n s c r i p t i o n of 43, r e c o n s t r u c t e d

23
The p o s i t i o n of the f i l i a t i o n means nothing. I t could not have been
placed otherwise, s i n c e the adoptive f a t h e r was not a B r u t u s . Cf.
'P. L e n t u l i P. f . ' ( S p i n t h e r ) , e t sim.
 130

by A. E. Raubitschek (AtU d. Ill Congk. Int. Eplgn.. G/i. [1959].

pp. 15 f f . ) , i n which the gentl^AXltumi !

Servilius f
i s restored with

apparent c e r t a i n t y , discountenances t h i s d o c t r i n e , which may have

been based on C i c . VhAZ. I . e . , corresponding to normal contemporary

p r a c t i c e ; c f . the data on Metellus S c i p i o . Other o f f i c i a l r e f e r e n c e s

shorten the s t y l e f u r t h e r to 'Q. Caepio 1

( C i c . Vcun. 332 [ V I I . 2 1 ] . 1 ) ,

'Caepio B r u t u s ' ( c o i n s : Crawford 501), and 'Caepio' (In&CA. dt

VoloA, 1622). I n a l e t t e r of 59 to A t t i c u s (44 [ I I . 2 4 ] . 2 ) , perhaps

soon a f t e r t h e adoption, C i c e r o r e f e r s to him a s Caepio hie BtuituA

(the praenomen C n . i n the MSS, omitted by e d i t o r s , may p o s s i b l y

be a s l i p on C i c e r o ' s p a r t ) and as 'Caepio' i n the next paragraph.

The Caepio of Q.. IrH. 1.3.7 may be the same. Miinzer's proposed

i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w i t h ' S e r v i l i u s Caepio' or 'Caepio' i n Suetonius

(lul. 2 1 ) , P l u t a r c h (Cae>6. 14.7, ?omp. 47.10), and Appian ( B . C . 11.14),

who was j i l t e d by Caesar's daughter i n favour of Pompey, i s d i f f i c u l t

to accept ( s e e Geiger, I . e . , pp. 153 f . ) . Ascon. 34.22, C l a r k

£. M&tz&hu Sdlplo In Awatu contux M . Cazplonm (Catonm Kiessling-

S c h o e l l ) conqueAtu QAt dt hac cxizdd P . Clodi might be regarded as an

o f f i c i a l r e f e r e n c e r e f l e c t i n g the t i t l e of M e t e l l u s ' speech as

published; but the anomalous praenomen 'M.' i s highly suspicious.

The cognomen 'Caepio' can a l s o be quoted from Appian B . C . 11.111

MapKos TE Bpouxos o KaiTTiwv eiriKAnv and Dio, XLI.63.6 o Ka<^>7rto)V o

Bpouxos o MSpKos (not that Brutus i s l i k e l y to have been c a l l e d 'M.

Brutus Caepio' ( c f . 'D. Brutus A l b i n u s ' ) o r *M. Caepio Brutus' i n

h i s own t i m e ) .
 131

1
I n general usage, contemporary and l a t e r , he remained (M.) Brutus'

(not ' [M. ] Junius B r u t u s ' ) . So r e g u l a r l y i n C i c e r o ' s l e t t e r s , speeches,

and dialogues and i n l a t e r l i t e r a t u r e . So a l s o on c e r t a i n c o i n s

(Crawford 433, 506-508) and i n h i s own l e t t e r - h e a d i n g s , both o f f i c i a l

and u n o f f i c i a l ; c f . Fam. 329 (XI.2) and 336 (XI.3) of 44 ( a l s o §1 of

the l a t t e r ) , ad Bsiut. 3, e t c .

[SERVIUS (4) OCELLA]

Munzer suggests t h a t the person mentioned i n C i c . Fam. 92 ( V I I I . 7 ) .

2 may have been a L i v i u s O c e l l a adopted by a S u l p i c i u s Galba or v i c e

versa. But such a one would hardly have combined h i s new praenomen

with h i s o l d cognomen or v i c e v e r s a ; Q. Caepio Brutus was not c a l l e d

'Q. Brutus' or 'M. Caepio.' A case l i k e Cn. ( A u f i d i u s ) Orestes,

whose adoptive f a t h e r presumably had no cognomen, i s not analogous.

'Servius' may be e i t h e r praenomen or geyvtitlclum, but the MSS have

AOllZuA, and 'Sevius' too i s a p o s s i b l e QZ\l£UU£Ajxm. Munzer ( R E XIII.

887.55) l a t e r withdrew h i s i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of t h i s O c e l l a w i t h Cicero's

f r i e n d mentioned In Att. 201 (X.10).4 and elsewhere.

C. STAIENUS

See C. AELIUS PAETUS STAIENUS.

[P. SULPICIUS (92) R U F U S ]

T r . p i . 88. Probably a p a t r i c i a n , descended from Ser. Sulpicius

Camerinus Rufus, c o s . 345, l i k e Ser. S u l p i c i u s Rufus, c o s . 51.

He may have acquired plebeian s t a t u s by adoption i n order to become

Tribune, l i k e C l o d i u s and D o l a b e l l a , but there i s no evidence of t h i s ,

 132

e i t h e r d i r e c t or nomenclative. The change of s t a t u s may have been

otherwise a f f e c t e d , or again, h i s branch of the family may have sunk

i n t o the plebs, l i k e e.g. the P a p i r i i Masones.

M . TERENTIUS VARRO LUCULLUS (M. L i c i n i u s [109] L u c u l l u s )

Cos. 73 and brother of L. L i c i n i u s L u c u l l u s (Ponticus). Evidently

adopted by a M. T e r e n t i u s Varro, he became 'M. T e r e n t i u s M. f .

Varro L u c u l l u s / so appearing i n the F a s t i C a p i t o l i n i and i n s c r i p t i o n s ;

c f . Munzer and Broughton, p. 1 0 9 . Cicero r e f e r s to h i s consular

y e a r by the names M. T e r e n t i u s f 1
and C. C a s s i u s ' i n l/CAA. I I . 1.60
T

f
(but M. L u c u l l u s 1
i n Cluzwt. 1 3 7 ) . U n o f f i c i a l l y '(M.) L u c u l l u s 1

both to contemporaries and p o s t e r i t y (except that E u t r o p i u s (VI.7)

f 1
has M. L i c i n i u s L u c u l l u s ) . H i s o r i g i n a l praenomen w i l l a l s o have

been 'Marcus.'

A . TERENTIUS (91) VARRO MURENA

Presumed to be son of L. L i c i n i u s Murena, cos. 6 2 , adopted by

A. T e r e n t i u s (82) Varro, l e g . 8 2 . C i c e r o and Caesar c a l l him 'Varro

1 f 1 1
Murena, A. V a r r o , and 'Murena. See Munzer and S. T r e g g i a r i ,

Vkoznix, 27 ( 1 9 7 3 ) . pp. 253 f f . H i s son, A. T e r e n t i u s (92) Varro

Murena, c o s . 2 3 , i s r e f e r r e d to by V e l l e i u s ( I I . 9 1 . 2 ) as 'L.

Murena 1
and by Dio ( L I V . 3 . 3 ) as ' L i c i n i u s Murena. 1
Dio could be

dismissed as u n r e l i a b l e i n such matters, but V e l l e i u s , as T r e g g i a r i

says, ought to have known. I f he d i d , we a r e faced w i t h the un-

precedented phenomenon of a son c a l l e d by h i s f a t h e r ' s preadoptive

gZivUZicmm; f o r the supposed precedent of the younger M. Piso

F r u g i ( c f . T r e g g i a r i , I . e . , p. 256) i s i n v a l i d ( s e e under M. PUPIUS

 133

PISO FRUGI). I t i s perhaps b a r e l y worth w h i l e to suggest a p o s s i b i l i t y

1
that the younger Varro Murena was born before the o l d e r s adoption

(so T r e g g i a r i , I . e . ) and then h i m s e l f adopted by the l a t t e r .

Q. TITINIUS

See CN. FAENIUS.

[TREBIANUS]

No more i s known of the name of the Pompeian e x i l e to whom

Cicero wrote F a m . 222-224 ( V I . 1 0 , 1 1 ) . The cognomen, a l s o found

i n i n s c r i p t i o n s ( c f . SAUFEIUS TREBIANUS) i s only p o s s i b l y adoptive;

c f . p. 8 2 .

TULL1ANUS (1)

A f a v o u r i t e of Pompey ( V a l . Max. VII.7.2).

C . VALGIUS (6) Him ANUS

Son of a Q. Hippius, adopted by a C. V a l g i u s ( C i c . F a m . [ X I I I . 7 6 ] .

2).

[£. VETTTUS (18) l/ETTIANUS]

A Marsian, e l d e r contemporary of C i c e r o (DVLU£. 1 6 9 ) . Kajanto

(p. 3 3 ) regards the cognomen as formed from h i s f a t h e r ' s gzntjiZsLcLAJULm,

but adoption by another V e t t i u s does not seem out of the question,

though no r e p u b l i c a n p a r a l l e l i s a v a i l a b l e .

C . VimUS (16) PAHSA CAETROMANUS

Cos. 4 3 . The agnomen appears only i n h i s s e p u l c h r a l i n s c r i p t i o n ,

C . Vibio C . {. Cae&ioniano C04. (1LLRP 4 2 1 ) , and, a s Kafrpwviavos,

 134

i n the index to Dio, XLVI. Presumably ( a s Gundel seems not to have

r e a l i z e d ) i t was adoptive, the adoptive f a t h e r being C. V i b i u s (15)

Pansa, Moneyer i n 90 (Crawford 342). Numerous o f f i c i a l and other

f 1 f 1 f 1
records c a l l him C . V i b i u s Pansa, C. V i b i u s , C. Pansa, and
f 1
Pansa.

C . VISELLIUS (3) t/ARRO

Cicero's c o u s i n , son of C. Aculeo (Qtn&JLAjzium unrecorded). To

account f o r the d i f f e r e n t cognomina i t has been supposed that the

son was e i t h e r a T e r e n t i u s Varro adopted by C. ( V i s e l l i u s ) Aculeo

or Aculeo's son adopted by an unknown C. V i s e l l i u s Varro. His tribe,

the Q u i r i n a , favours the former h y p o t h e s i s , f o r the Q u i r i n a was the

t r i b e of Varro R e a t i n u s . So T a y l o r , VotinQ VAJ>&blcXt>, p. 266

(the opposite c o n c l u s i o n on p. 282 i s presumably a s l i p ) .

 ADDENDUM

M. TUCCIUS (9) GALEO

1
Munzer proposed to i d e n t i f y Sempronius Rufus prosecutor M.

Tuccius (Jam. 83 [ V I I I . 8 ] . 1 of 51) w i t h the Galeo whose e s t a t e Cicero

i n h e r i t e d i n 47 (Att. 223 [XI.12].4) and the pottery manufacturer

2
M. T u c c i u s L. f . Tro. Galeo (CIL I , 2654). An a s y e t unpublished

paper communicated to me by P r o f e s s o r J . H. D'Arms b r i n g s f r e s h

a r c h a e o l o g i c a l evidence i n support.

135