Structure Special characteristics Function

a. Golgi composed of stacks of membrane-bound The major function of the Golgi body is to modify,
apparatus structures, these structures are known as the
cisternae. The flat sacs of the cisternae are
stacked and is bent and semicircular in shape
b. Lysosomes The outer surface is formed by a single
membrane, a phospholipid bilayer that can
fuse with some other membrane-bound
organelles.
c. Mitochondria Mitochondria are organelles that have a
double membrane structure. The outer
membrane defines the external shape and
the inner membrane has many folds called
cristae.
d. Ribosomes Ribosomes are tiny particles about 200 Ã….
Ribosomes are composed of both RNA and
proteins.
e. Nucleus The nucleus is the largest organelle of the
cell. The nucleus appears to be dense,
spherical organelle. It occupies about 10% of
the total volume of the cell.
f. Smooth more tubular than rough ER and forms an
endoplasmic interconnecting network sub-compartment
reticulum of ER. It is found fairly evenly distributed
throughout the cytoplasm. And It is not
studded with ribosomes hence ‘smooth’ ER.
g. Rough This is an extensive organelle composed of
endoplasmic greatly convoluted but flattish sealed sacs,
characteristics which are contiguous with the nuclear
membrane. and it is studded on its outer
surface with ribosomes
h. Centrosomes Each of the centriole is made up of nine
triplet fibers and these triplet fibers are
arranged in a circular manner that gives it a
barrel-shaped appearance.
i. Microvilli Microvilli are covered in plasma membrane,
which encloses cytoplasm and
microfilaments. Each microvillus has a dense
bundle of cross-linked actin filaments, which
serves as its structural core.
sort and package the macromolecules. It also
helps in transportation of lipids around the cell
and the creation of lysosomes.
Release enzymes outside of the cell (exocytosis)
which may serve the purpose of destroying
materials around the cell.
the production of energy during the production
of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via the TCA
Cycle (which is also as the Krebs Cycle and the
Citric Acid Cycle). That process is an important
metabolic pathway
They assemble amino acids to form specific
proteins, proteins are essential to carry out
cellular activities.
It controls the heredity characteristics of an
organism. It is responsible for protein synthesis,
cell division, growth and differentiation.
the production and metabolism of fats and
steroid hormones. It is ‘smooth’ because it is not
studded with ribosomes and is associated with
smooth slippery fats.
involved in some protein production, protein
folding, quality control and despatch. It is called
‘rough’ because it is studded with ribosomes
function as the microtubule organizing center, it
is an important event in major cellular process,
that is cell division and flagella formation.
It increase the surface area of cells and minimize
any increase in volume, and are involved in a
wide variety of functions, including absorption,
secretion, cellular adhesion, and
mechanotransduction.

 http://biology.tutorvista.com/animal-and-plant-cells/golgi-apparatus.html
 http://www.ivyroses.com/Biology/Organelles/Lysosomes.php
 http://www.ivyroses.com/Biology/Organelles/Function-of-Mitochondria.php
 http://biology.tutorvista.com/animal-and-plant-cells/ribosomes.html
 http://biology.tutorvista.com/animal-and-plant-cells/nucleus.html
  http://bscb.org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/endoplasmic-reticulum-rough-and-
smooth/
 http://biology.tutorvista.com/animal-and-plant-cells/centrioles.html

They exist in many cells but hepatocytes contain a large amount. Peroxisomes Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Peroxisomes

Mitochondria Organelles assisting in the specialized functions of the Hepatocyte: A membrane-bound

organelle that is tubular in form and lacks ribosomes. There is an abundance of Smooth ER in the liver
cell. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum in which is attached with
ribosomes. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Main functions: Functions:

Involved in lipid synthesis.

Produce enzymes that assist in detoxification.

Host a lot of carbohydrate metabolism. (glycolysis) Functions:

Involved in the change of proteins to lipids within the cell.

Forms plasma proteins, in which are used in blood clotting and keeping the blood plasma constant.
Functions:

Vital role of detoxifying

Detoxify various toxic substances that enter the blood

Converts hydrogen peroxide

Transfer hydrogen from the ethanol or alcohol molecules to oxygen

Assist in reactions that produce bile acids and cholesterol. Functions:

Metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

A large portion of the process is only located in the liver cell.

Hepatocytes contain a large amount of mitochondria to keep up with the body's demand for energy and
synthesis.