IDTechEx Webinarslides RFIDinChina20152025ForecastsPlayersOpportunities

RFID in China 2015-2025:
Status, Applications and Markets
Data and analysis of the technologies, markets

and value chain
Dr Xiaoxi He and Raghu Das
Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Forecasts, Players, Opportunities
Data and analysis of the technologies, markets and value chain
In this new report titled RFID in China 2015-2025, IDTechEx provide a full study and
assessment of the prospects of the RFID market in China. The research was carried
out by IDTechEx analyst Dr Xiaoxi He based on interviews conducted in China in
addition to the full knowledgebase of RFID market and business intelligence from
IDTechEx led by Raghu Das, achieved over 15 years of studying the entire RFID
market.
Not only will the use of RFID in China become a $4.3 billion market in 2025, but that
figure will almost double if we include the value of tags and readers made in the
country and exported elsewhere.
www.IDTechEx.com/china

Copyright © 2015 IDTechEx. Use in accordance with distribution licence | www.IDTechEx.com
The authors
Dr Xiaoxi He is a technology analyst with IDTechEx. She obtained her PhD in Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, where she worked on
organic photovoltaics. Prior to that, she completed her MSc at the University of Ulm (Germany) and her BSc degree at Shandong University (China).
Xiaoxi has authored several publications in leading peer-reviewed journals. She speaks Chinese (Mandarin) and English.
At IDTechEx, she covers printed electronics, flexible and thin film batteries, energy harvesting and RFID. She has also lectured in forums in China and
USA. She is the author of the following reports on flexible, printed and thin film batteries and RFID in China.
She has helped a multi-billion international medical company to find a partner flexible battery developers for their new device. Here, she identified the
most suitable battery technology and chemistry that satisfied the clients energy, form factor, and size requirements. she then scouted the technology and
market landscape to identify companies with existing or potential capability to address the need. she verified all the analysis and benchmarking by
interviewing all the players. This enabled her to focus on a select few developers around the globe and to set up partnerships for our client.
x.he@idtechex.com
Raghu Das MA (Cantab) is CEO of IDTechEx. He has a MA Natural Sciences degree from Cambridge University, where he studied physics. He has been
closely involved with the development of printed electronics for ten years, carrying out consultancy in Europe, USA, Asia and the Middle East. He has
lectured as an expert at over 300 events and conferences around the world and is author of several IDTechEx publications. He leads IDTechEx consulting
effort and research programs. His analyses of the industry and market forecasts have been cited globally, in publications such as Wall Street Journal and
the Financial Times.
University of Cambridge, Masters Degree, Natural Sciences (Physics)

Has grown the company to a world-leading concern, making profits each year
Knowledge bridges technical and commercial domains, helping companies successfully exploit state-of-the-art technology
r.das@idtechex.com

About IDTechEx – a snapshot view
IDTechEx provides Emerging Technology insight, intelligence and networking, helping

clients with their critical strategic business decisions.
Areas of coverage: Global and timely analysis through:

 3D Printing  Subscriptions
 Emerging Materials & Devices  Research Reports
 Energy Harvesting  Custom Consulting Projects
 Energy Storage  Global Events
 Hybrid & Pure Electric Vehicles  Free Web Journals
 Internet of Things and People
 Printed Flexible and Organic
Electronics
 RFID
 Wearable Technology

How IDTechEx can help you

IDTechEx estimates of total revenue for some of the key
suppliers

RFID Technologies: The Big Picture
Technology type Main Options Highest volume application No. of tags

2014
Passive RFID LF, HF, UHF HF – contactless cards Billions

UHF – apparel
Increasing cost
HF, UHF. Improve performance Logistics (performance) 100’s of

Battery assisted or add sensing Medical (sensing) thousands
passive RFID
Active RFID 1st Gen. Point to point 1st Gen. Car clickers 10’s of millions
2nd Gen. Real Time Location 2nd Gen. Medical and
Systems RTLS manufacturing
3rd Gen. Mesh WSN 3rd Gen. Smart meters

Table of Contents
Chapter 1) Executive Summary and Conclusion • Tag/card assembly
• Global RFID market • Interrogator
• RFID market in China • Middleware/software
• Market analysis by value chain • System integration
• market analysis by application
• market analysis by frequency Chapter 5) Progress by Application Sector
• market analysis by regions • Airlines and airports
• Books, libraries, archiving
Chapter 2) About RFID • Financial, security and safety
• RFID Classification • Food safety, animal & agriculture and anti-counterfeiting
• RFID by application • Healthcare and medical
• Global RFID industry • Land, sea logistics, postal
• Leisure, sports and travelling
Chapter 3) Market Analysis of RFID in China • Manufacturing, industry and management
• Timeline • Military
• Current market status in China • Retail, consumer goods
• Market development tendency • Transportation and automotive
• Market size reported by CATR
• Market analysis by regions Chapter 6) Chinese RFID Operations Categorised by Value Chain Positions and
Specialised Frequencies
• RFID regulations
• Challenges & barriers in China
Chapter 7) 28 List Companies
Chapter 4) Market Analysis on Value Chain in China
Chapter 8) 110 RFID Players
• Overview
• Chip design/manufacture
• Antenna design/manufacture

In the beginning
Four main RFID technology types are covered: LF, HF, UHF AND MWF
Covers electronic tags/cards, interrogators, RFID equipment, middleware, system integration, other materials and
components
Different from the figure published by China Academy of Telecommunication Research (CATR) due to different
coverage
Excluding software, sensor networks, wireless telecommunications
Exchange rate used: 1 CNY=0.1615 USD

Trends by territory and successful strategies
Strong HF, LF and UHF Strong HF, LF and UHF
Strong UHF, HF
Many in roll-out Many in trials, some
Many in roll-out roll-out
Strong supplier base
Strong supplier base (but more localised by Rapidly growing
country/ fragmented) supplier base
Retail apparel
Retail apparel Retail apparel
Person ID &
Person ID & Person ID &
payment
payment payment
Other
Other Other
By Value Chain
By Value Chain By Value Chain
(by company HQ)
(by company HQ) (by company HQ)
Tags
Tags Tags
Readers
Readers Readers
Integration
Integration Integration
Horizontal suppliers created pull through demand by working directly with end users
Solution providers/integrators focussing on a few verticals – usually two or three rather than being too broad

Timeline of RFID industry development in China
Source: Chinese RFID Technology and Policy White Paper & IDTechEx
The biggest HF RFID application in China was the second-generation Chinese national identification card starting
from 2004, a key task of the Golden Card Project.
In 2010, the National Identification Card is the most important application, taking 29.1% of the total RFID application
market.
From RFID to “Internet of Things” (IoT)
China's National
Development and
Reform Committee
(NDRC) and Ministry of
Industry and Information
Focus Technology (MIIT) have
Market-driven RFID transition published a series of
application has not taken Business from RFID to plans for the
over as fast as expected focus on IoT IoT development of the
Chinese IoT industry.
Take over of
RFID
RFID is treated as
one of the core
Emergence technologies in the
of RFID data collection layer
of a large IoT system.

SWOT Analysis of China’s RFID Market
Strength Weakness
Centralized government power Lack of standardization
Fast Economic growth Lack of international development
Nationwide support Underdeveloped UHF & MWF technologies, especially chip
Heavy capital investment design/manufacturing
World-class newer infrastructure Underdeveloped middleware industry
Largest customer base Repeated Low-end works
Lower labour costs Low profit margins in the value chain
Mature HF technology
SWOT
Move of manufacturing to China
Leapfrogging advantages Better performed international products
Hard to consolidate in Western nations Higher cost for small to middle scale business
Higher labour costs in Western nations National security concerns
Huge production capabilities Customer acceptance
Opportunities Threats

Highly profitable government-led projects moving to market
led projects
Government-led Market-oriented
• Conducted mainly by government-led

companies • More market-oriented
• Strongly influenced by the government • Has less government influence
support & policies • Also tend to explore oversea market
• Mainly focus on Chinese market • Facing more competitive environment
Shift of government
• Most government-led companies are also • More interactions with international
focus
state-owned companies players
• Have large capitals and less spending-
sensitive
• High profit margins
Major inlay producers are now moving their production to China

Interactions with international players give market-oriented companies more opportunities
Companies such as Arizon RFID, Shang Yang RFID Technology Yangzhou and Invengo are growing and grabbing
international attention
Technology focus has transferred from HF to UHF RFID,
especially chip design & manufacture
Market volume potential
• Longer read distance and lower

tag costs
• More UHF tags are shipped
UHF RFID than HF tags • LF is largely used in
• The importance of UHF chip agriculture and
technologies has been
addressed by China
animals for livestock
tracking and pet
identification.
• Core technologies have been • HF RFID dominates

HF RFID mastered due to Technology
• Covers a wide range of
government-led projects
Maturity
• UHF & MWF RFID
Technologies Fall
behind, especially
the chip design &
Initially used for access control manufacture
LF RFID
Time

Real application by frequency 2014
Others LF
10% 3%
UHF
7%
HF
80%
The value of RFID tags is $430 million in 2014, taking about 25% of the total RFID market.
The shipment of UHF tags in China is higher than that of HF tags. However, for the real application, HF tags
application dominates the market

Challenges & Barriers
Availability of low cost tags and infrastructure
Lack of core technologies: e.g. Most UHF RFID chips are imported as Chinese companies do not own the core
technologies in the UHF chip design.
Delay with standards, easing of radio regulations and standard products not being viable because royalties need to
be paid to those owning intellectual property
Public acceptance: Resistance to change e.g. farmers, banknote authorities, book manufacturers, hospitals, airports
Competition from other technologies with lower cost: e.g. 2D barcode, magnetic stripe technology, etc.
Easy formation of monopoly: once an enterprise has entered a particular market, it is easy to become a monopoly in
this area so the entry barriers for other companies will be very high. E.g. Invengo in railway, Beijing Telezone
Technology in mining industry and major chip design companies.
Affordability: putative users cannot allot sufficient funds regardless of potential payback and success of trials.

Challenges & Barriers cont.
Privacy concerns, usually unfounded but often propagated by people deliberately twisting the truth with the willing
acquiescence of the media. For instance, the data in student campus card may be acquired by criminals once lost or
stolen.
Fragmentation of the supply industry, often where the market need is consolidation. For example, experienced global
system integrators are needed. In tag manufacture, there is insufficient profit to share with those only making straps
or antennas.
Lack of trials and proven paybacks for the specific application
Inadequate production capacity for high quality UHF tags that work well when installed
Performance of tags, software and infrastructure inadequate in the location in question – integrity, interoperability,
linkage to legacy systems etc.
Specification creep. Trillions of tags yearly will never be achieved, at the necessary low price, with the current
preference for read write, medium range, 128 – 512 bit EPC tags and ever more complicated security features.
These can employ over 72,000 transistors when 2,000 or so can be sufficient.

Market Analysis by Region
• Bohai Bay Economic Rim

• Yangtze River Delta Region
• Pearl River Delta Region
• Central and West China
• Hong Kong
RFID development levels in mainland China RFID industry clusters

RFID Value Chain
Regulation
Production Machinery
Reader Technology requirement for UHF chip

Chi Module
p Middleware
Application design/manufacture is the highest and the barrier for
Software
Inlay
system integration is also high.
Tag Interrogator
Ant The software/middleware business scale will expand.
enn Reader
a Antenn System integrators will play a more and more important
a
role
Inlay production equipment is dominated by oversea
System Integration
players
Test Training & Service
End-users
Pilot Projects

Important Players in the Value Chain

Added value shared by industries in the Chinese RFID value
chain
High
Chip design and manufacture

System integration
Added Value
Antenna design and manufacture

Middleware Application software
Interrogator design and manufacture
Tag assembly
Low
Value Chain

Chip Design/Manufacturing Companies
Source Shenyin & Wanguo Securities Co.
• Chinese RFID chip companies have mastered the design technology of 13.56 MHz
RFID chips
• They are getting an increasingly large market share in China
• The majority of UHF and microwave chips are supplied by multinational companies.

Progress by application sector
RFID applications in China can be divided into two types: government-led applications and industrial applications.
Most applications are still government-led and are mainly pilots.
The Chinese market for industrial applications is small so that the majority of companies choose to export their RFID
products abroad.
Market segments for RFID in China (2014) by application
Airlines and Airports
Others
1% Books, Libraries, Archiving
0%
Transportation and Automotive 0%
35%
Financial, Security and Safety

Retail, Consumer goods 40%
0%
Manufacturing, Industry and Military

Management 1% Passport
12% 7%
Leisure, Sports and Travelling Food Safety, Animal &

0% Agriculture and Anti-
Land, Sea logistics, Postal Healthcare and Medical counterfeiting
0% 0% 4%
Two biggest market value sectors are "Financial, Security and Safety" and "Transportation and Automotive"
Financial, security and safety include financial cards, student cards, national ID, secure access, event cards, tracking coal
miners and prisons, dangerous item management, etc.
Transportation and automotive include transit cards, ETC, rail tickets, train tracking, vehicle identification and tracking, etc.
Retail will become the largest area for commercial RFID
application
Item Level RFID

• Retailers interviewed by
IDTechEx report sales uplift
from 4 to 20% without
increasing stock levels.
Plus
• Relatively low investment per
store
• Typically read once each
week
RFID companies will have more opportunities in UHF & MWF RFID both within China and internationally, especially
in the UHF technologies.

RFID Application: Animal-tagging & Food safety
The main driver for the use of RFID with animals in China is the control of disease.
Both LF and UHF technologies are used.
The data of animals (e.g. birth location and date) is stored in RFID ear-tags
Chinese local government has started pilots in food safety using RFID tracking system and 2D barcode technologies
in 35 cities, covering 789 dairy companies and 1300 Chinese-spirits companies.
Speed checkout application in canteens
Has appeared in Shanghai and Zhejiang.

RFID chips are embedded in the bowls and plates
The price and calculated immediately. Checkout speed is significantly improved.

RFID Application: Anti-counterfeiting
Typically apply to high value

merchandise such as alcohol
and cigarettes.
The initial input is high. In

addition, the tag costs are
significantly higher than
barcode.
Normally a combination of
barcode and RFID
technologies are used
Can be applied to other high-

end products
Source Wuliangye

Summary
Not only will the use of RFID in

Government focus has transferred to a broader area: IoT. RFID is only part of
China become a $4.3 billion
IoT
market in 2025, but that figure
will almost double if we include
Highly profitable government-led projects moving to market led projects the value of tags and readers
made in the country and
exported elsewhere.
HF mature and rapid growth of UHF
Strong position in the inlay production, especially passive UHF tags
New entrants gained high market share from nothing in a few years by strong
investment
Large-scale application will still be led by the government in short term

Data and analysis of the technologies, markets and value chain
In this new report titled RFID in China 2015-2025, IDTechEx provide a full study and
assessment of the prospects of the RFID market in China. The research was carried
out by IDTechEx analyst Dr Xiaoxi He based on interviews conducted in China in
addition to the full knowledgebase of RFID market and business intelligence from
IDTechEx led by Raghu Das, achieved over 15 years of studying the entire RFID
market.
Not only will the use of RFID in China become a $4.3 billion market in 2025, but that
figure will almost double if we include the value of tags and readers made in the
country and exported elsewhere.
www.IDTechEx.com/china

Supporting your strategic business
decisions on emerging technologies
Dr Xiaoxi He
x.he@IDTechEx.com
Research Consulting Events

IDTechEx conducts detailed Our expert analysts deliver custom IDTechEx conferences and tradeshows
examinations of emerging technologies, projects which identify markets, appraise match end users with the latest
which are delivered through our Market technologies, define growth innovations, providing networking, sales
Research Reports and Subscription opportunities and perform due diligence. and knowledge sharing.
services.
Offices:
USA: +1 617 577 7890 Germany: +49 3991 669 3591
UK: +44 (0)1223 812 300 Japan: +81 90 5566 1533 www.IDTechEx.com


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RFID in China 2015-2025:

Status, Applications and Markets

Data and analysis of the technologies, markets

Dr Xiaoxi He and Raghu Das

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Data and analysis of the technologies, markets and value chain

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

University of Cambridge, Masters Degree, Natural Sciences (Physics)

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

IDTechEx provides Emerging Technology insight, intelligence and networking, helping

Areas of coverage: Global and timely analysis through:

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Technology type Main Options Highest volume application No. of tags

Passive RFID LF, HF, UHF HF – contactless cards Billions

HF, UHF. Improve performance Logistics (performance) 100’s of

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

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• Conducted mainly by government-led

Major inlay producers are now moving their production to China

• Longer read distance and lower

• Core technologies have been • HF RFID dominates

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

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• Bohai Bay Economic Rim

RFID development levels in mainland China RFID industry clusters

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Reader Technology requirement for UHF chip

Test Training & Service

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Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Chip design and manufacture

Antenna design and manufacture

Interrogator design and manufacture

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Source Shenyin & Wanguo Securities Co.

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Financial, Security and Safety

Manufacturing, Industry and Military

Leisure, Sports and Travelling Food Safety, Animal &

Item Level RFID

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Has appeared in Shanghai and Zhejiang.

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Typically apply to high value

The initial input is high. In

Can be applied to other high-

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Not only will the use of RFID in

Large-scale application will still be led by the government in short term

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Data and analysis of the technologies, markets and value chain

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

Research Consulting Events

Downloaded by Ka Ar - kazero2011@gmail.com 28 Jan 2018 17:30:21

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