EJERCICIOS DE DISEÑO DE VIGAS

SIEMPRE SE DEBE CUMPLIR S/ LRFD

M ≥M
R S

Pero observando las tablas DEL MANUAL DE

MEXICO EL factor de resistencia es:
Fr ≔ 0.8
d≔6
b≔2
fa ＝ Kh ⋅ Kd ⋅ Kc ⋅ Kp ⋅ Kcl
fa ≔ 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1.15 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1 = 1.15
d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 5.5
b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5
2
b' ⋅ d' 3
S ≔ ――― = 7.563
6
3
S = 123.927

‾‾‾‾‾‾
 ‾‾‾‾‾‾
Lu ⋅ d
Lu ≔ 5 Cs ≔ ―― = 17.184
b2

‾‾‾‾
E
E ≔ 90000 ―― ffu' ≔ 230 ―― ffu ≔ ffu' ⋅ fa = 264.5 ―― Ck ≔ ―― = 18.446
2 2 2
ffu

como

⎛ Cs ⎞ 4
ϕ ≔ 1 − 0.3 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 0.774
⎝ Ck ⎠

Dependiendo a las siguientes condiciones:

Caso 1: Considerando la restriccion del machimbrado.

Fe ＝ ϕ Fe ≔ 1

Caso 2: sin restriccion.

Fe ＝ ϕ Fe ≔ ϕ = 0.774

CALCULO DEL MOMENTO RESISTENTE.

caso1 Fe ≔ 1

Mr ≔ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ S = 262.23 ⋅

caso2 Fe ≔ ϕ = 0.774

Mr ≔ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ S = 202.989 ⋅

l≔5
carga rectangular distribuida
si M ≥M
R S

Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ S ≥ M
S
q ⋅ l2
Ms ＝ ――
8
q ⋅ l2
Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ S ≥ ――
8
si igualamos la ecuacion y despejamos q se tendra:
((Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ S)) ⋅ 8
q ≔ ―――――――― = 64.956 ――
l2
q ⋅ l2
Ms ≔ ――= 202.989 ⋅ q ⋅ l2
8 ――
8
q ≔ 64 ―― q ⋅ l2 σ ＝ ―― Mmax
Ms ≔ ――= 200 ⋅ S σ ＝ ―――
8 S
 EJEMPLO DE AYUDANTIA

EJERCICIO N°1: Se Ɵene el siguiente entrepiso de madera, las viguetas del entrepiso son de 2”x6”, las cuales están tendidas cada 50cm a
lo largo de las vigas maestras. Determinar si las viguetas de madera están tendidas correctamente respecto de su separación y si no lo es
a cuanto deberían estar.

TIPO_MADERA_I

sobrecarga ≔ 150 ――
2

peso_piso_de_madera ≔ 25 ――
2

γI ≔ 1100 ――
3

b≔2
l ≔ 3.5
d≔6

entonces se tendra
carga muerta:
γI ⋅ b ⋅ d
D ≔ 150 ―― sep ≔ 0.5 P.P. ≔ ―――= 17.032 ―― peso propio de la vigueta.
2 2
sep

carga viva:

L ≔ 25 ――
2

Dt ≔ D + P.P. = 167.032 ――
2

ESTADOS DE CARGA:

U ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Dt + 1.6 ⋅ L = 240.439 ――

2

PARA SEPARACION DE 0.5 m. comprobando si las viguetas estan dispuestas correctamente A FLEXION.
sep = 0.5
SIEMPRE SE DEBE CUMPLIR S/ LRFD
q ≔ U ⋅ sep = 120.219 ――
M ≥M
R S
2
q⋅l
Ms ≔ ――= 184.086 ⋅
8
si M ≥M
R S

Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ S ≥ M
S

Fr ≔ 0.8 ffu' ≔ 310 ――

2
d=6
b=2
fa ＝ Kh ⋅ Kd ⋅ Kc ⋅ Kp ⋅ Kcl
fa ≔ 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1.15 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1 = 1.15
d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 5.5
b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5
b' ⋅ d' 2 3
S ≔ ――― = 7.563
6
3
S = 123.927
Caso 1: Considerando la restriccion del machimbrado.
Fe ＝ ϕ Fe ≔ 1

Mr ≔ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ S = 353.44 ⋅ M ≥M Ms = 184.086 ⋅ OK

R S
 PARA SEPARACION DE 0.5 m. comprobando si las viguetas estan dispuestas correctamente A DEFLEXION.
SOLO CON DEFLEXION INSTANTANEA.
d' ⋅ b' 3 b' ⋅ d' 3
E ≔ 120000 ―― Iy ≔ ――― = 64.386 4
Ix ≔ ――― = 865.631 4
elegir el mayor
2
12 12
4
I ≔ Ix = 865.631 l = 3.5

5 ⋅ q ⋅ l4
δi ≔ ―――― = 2.261
384 ⋅ E ⋅ I

COMO EL ADMISIBLE ES (SEGUN LRFD):

l
δadm ≔ ―― = 0.972 δadm ≤ δi NO_OK
360
ENTONCES INDICAMOS QUE LAS VIGUETAS NO ESTAN DISPUESTAS
CORRECTAMENTE, POR LO QUE ENCONTRAREMOS UNA NUEVA
SEPARACION.

PARA:
sep ≔ 0.4

q ≔ U ⋅ sep = 96.175 ――

q ⋅ l2
Ms ≔ ――= 147.269 ⋅
8
Mr = 353.44 ⋅ M ≥M Ms = 147.269 ⋅ OK
R S

5 ⋅ q ⋅ l4
δi ≔ ―――― = 1.809
384 ⋅ E ⋅ I

δadm = 0.972 δadm ≥ δi δi = 1.809 NO_OK

PARA:
sep ≔ 0.30

q ≔ U ⋅ sep = 72.132 ――

q ⋅ l2
Ms ≔ ――= 110.452 ⋅
8
Mr = 353.44 ⋅ M ≥M Ms = 110.452 ⋅ OK
R S

5 ⋅ q ⋅ l4
δi ≔ ―――― = 1.357
384 ⋅ E ⋅ I

δadm = 0.972 δadm ≥ δi δi = 1.357 NO_OK

PARA:
sep ≔ 0.20

q ≔ U ⋅ sep = 48.088 ――

q ⋅ l2
Ms ≔ ――= 73.634 ⋅
8
Mr = 353.44 ⋅ M ≥M Ms = 73.634 ⋅ OK
R S

5 ⋅ q ⋅ l4
δi ≔ ―――― = 0.905
384 ⋅ E ⋅ I

δadm = 0.972 δadm ≥ δi δi = 0.905 OK

l
SE OBSERVA QUE LA SEPARACION ES MUY CORTA TOMANDO COMO DEFLEXION ADMISIBLE S/ LRFD. δadm ≔ ―― = 0.972
360
SI TOMAMOS EN CUENTA EL CRITERIO DE PAD REFORT:

LIBRO

SI TOMAMOS EL ADMISIBLE CON:

l l
δadm ＝ ― K ≔ 250 δadm ≔ ―= 1.4
K K
PARA SEPARACION DE 0.5 m

δadm ≥ δi δi ≔ 2.261 NO

PARA SEPARACION DE 0.4 m

δadm ≥ δi δi ≔ 1.809 NO

PARA SEPARACION DE 0.3 m

δadm ≥ δi δi ≔ 1.357 SI_OK

POR LO TANTO CONCLUIMOS QUE SE DEBE DISPONER LAS VIGUETAS A UNA SEPARACION DE 30 CM

5
Num_Viguetas ≔ ――― = 16.667
0.3

Num_Viguetas ≔ 17 + 1 = 18
 si tomamos el criterio de pad refort en el diseño con LRFD podemos obtener
lo siguiente (para carga distribuida rectangular):

5 ⋅ q ⋅ l4 l
δi ≔ ―――― δadm ≔ ―
384 ⋅ E ⋅ I K
b' ⋅ d' 3
δadm ≥ δi Ix ≔ ―――
12
l 5 ⋅ q ⋅ l4
―≥ ――――
K 384 ⋅ E ⋅ Ix

l 5 ⋅ q ⋅ l4
―≥ ―――――
K b' ⋅ d' 3
384 ⋅ E ⋅ ―――
12
igualando y despejando L se tendra lo siguiente (CASO DEFLEXION) :
1
―
3
⎛ 32 ⋅ E ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 3 ⎞
ld ＝ ⎜――――― ⎟
⎝ 5⋅K⋅q ⎠

PARA EL CASO DE FLEXION

q ⋅ l2 b' ⋅ d' 2
Mr ≔ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ S Ms ≔ ―― S ≔ ―――
8 6
M ≥M
R S

REEMPLAZANDO E IGUALANDO Y DESPEJANDO L SE OBTENDRA:

q ⋅ l2
Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ S ≥ ――
8
b' ⋅ d' 2 q ⋅ l2
Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ ――― ≥ ――
6 8
1
―
2
⎛ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 2 ⋅ 8 ⎞
lf ＝ ⎜――――――――― ⎟
⎝ 6⋅q ⎠
1
―
2
⎛ 4 ⋅ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 2 ⎞
lf ＝ ⎜――――――――― ⎟
⎝ 3⋅q ⎠

CON ESTAS ECUACIONES SE PUEDE REALIZAR UN PREDISEÑO SIN PESO PROPIO Y LUEGO EL DISEÑO CON PESO
PROPIO SEGUN LRFD
EJERCICIO N°2: Se Ɵene el siguiente entrepiso de madera del ejercicio 1, las viguetas del entrepiso están tendidas cada 30 cm a lo largo
de las vigas maestras. Determinar la seccion de las viguetas de madera. Ɵpo de madera I.

D = 150 ―― L = 25 ―― γI ≔ 1100 ――
2 2 3

ESTADOS DE CARGA: USAR METODO DE DISEÑO EN

U ≔ 1.2 ⋅ D + 1.6 ⋅ L = 220 ――
2
SU PROYECTO
sep ≔ 30
l ≔ 350 longitud de las viguetas

q ≔ U ⋅ sep = 66 ――

q ⋅ l2
Ms ≔ ――= 101.063 ⋅ momento solicitante
8
E EÑ
 PARA UN PRE-DISEÑO :

1ra hipotesis : flexion

2da hipotesis : Deflexion
POR FLEXION SE TIENE: POR DEFLEXION SE TIENE:
1 1
― ―
2 3
⎛ 4 ⋅ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 2 ⎞ ⎛ 32 ⋅ E ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 3 ⎞
Lf ＝ ⎜――――――――― ⎟ Ld ＝ ⎜――――― ⎟
⎝ 3⋅q ⎠ ⎝ 5⋅K⋅q ⎠

Fr ≔ 0.8

ffu' ≔ 310 ―― E = 120000 ――

2 2

fa ＝ Kh ⋅ Kd ⋅ Kc ⋅ Kp ⋅ Kcl
fa ≔ 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1.15 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1 = 1.15
Fe = 1

POR FLEXION : 1
―
2"X3" => b ≔ 2 d≔3 2
⎛ 4 ⋅ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 2 ⎞
b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5 d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 2.5 Lf ≔ ⎜――――――――― ⎟ = 297.515 < L=350 cm ¡NO!
⎝ 3⋅q ⎠
1
―
2"X4" => b≔2 d≔4 2
⎛ 4 ⋅ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 2 ⎞
b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5 d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 3.5 Lf ≔ ⎜――――――――― ⎟ = 416.521 > L=350 cm ¡OK!
⎝ 3⋅q ⎠
1
―
2"X6" => b≔2 d≔6 2
⎛ 4 ⋅ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 2 ⎞
b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5 d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 5.5 Lf ≔ ⎜――――――――― ⎟ = 654.532 >L=350 cm ¡OK!
⎝ 3⋅q ⎠
1
―
2"X7" => b≔2 d≔7 2
⎛ 4 ⋅ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 2 ⎞
b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5 d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 6.5 Lf ≔ ⎜――――――――― ⎟ = 773.538 >L=350 cm ¡OK!
⎝ 3⋅q ⎠

POR DEFLEXION K ≔ 250

1
―
2"X3" => b≔2 d≔3 3
⎛ 32 ⋅ E ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 3 ⎞
b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5 d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 2.5 Ld ≔ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 165.593 < L=350 cm ¡NO!
⎝ 5⋅K⋅q ⎠
1
―
2"X4" => b≔2 d≔4 3
⎛ 32 ⋅ E ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 3 ⎞
b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5 d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 3.5 Ld ≔ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 231.83 < L=350 cm ¡NO!
⎝ 5⋅K⋅q ⎠
1
―
2"X6" => b≔2 d≔6 3
⎛ 32 ⋅ E ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 3 ⎞
b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5 d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 5.5 Ld ≔ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 364.304 >L=350 cm ¡OK!
⎝ 5⋅K⋅q ⎠
1
―
2"X7" => b≔2 d≔7 3
⎛ 32 ⋅ E ⋅ b' ⋅ d' 3 ⎞
b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5 d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 6.5 Ld ≔ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 430.541 >L=350 cm ¡OK!
⎝ 5⋅K⋅q ⎠

SE ELIGE UNA SECCION DE DISEÑO: 2 " X 6" sep = 0.3

DISEÑO: γI ≔ 1100 ―― b≔2 d≔6

3

γI ⋅ b ⋅ d
p.p.vigueta ≔ ―――= 28.387 ――
2
sep
CARGA CRITICA :
Dt ≔ D + p.p.vigueta = 178.387 ――
2

U ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Dt + 1.6 ⋅ L = 254.064 ――

2

q ≔ U ⋅ sep = 76.219 ―― sep = 0.3

q ⋅ l2
Ms ≔ ――= 116.711 ⋅ momento solicitante
8

b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5

d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 5.5

b' ⋅ d' 2 3
S ≔ ――― = 123.927
6
PARA FLEXION

Mr ≔ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ S = 353.44 ⋅

M ≥M OK_CUMPLE
R S

PARA DEFLEXION
l b' ⋅ d' 3 4 5 ⋅ q ⋅ l4
δadm ≔ ―= 1.4 Ix ≔ ――― = 865.631 δi ≔ ―――― = 1.434
K 12 384 ⋅ E ⋅ Ix

δadm ≥ δi NO_CUMPLE

SE ELIGE UNA SECCION DE DISEÑO: 2 " X 7" sep = 0.3

DISEÑO: γI ≔ 1100 ―― b≔2 d≔7

3

γI ⋅ b ⋅ d
p.p.vigueta ≔ ―――= 33.118 ――
2
sep

CARGA CRITICA :
Dt ≔ D + p.p.vigueta = 183.118 ――
2

U ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Dt + 1.6 ⋅ L = 259.742 ――

2

q ≔ U ⋅ sep = 77.923 ―― sep = 0.3

q ⋅ l2
Ms ≔ ――= 119.319 ⋅ momento solicitante
8

b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5

d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 6.5

b' ⋅ d' 2 3
S ≔ ――― = 173.088
6
PARA FLEXION

Mr ≔ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ S = 493.648 ⋅

M ≥M OK_CUMPLE
R S
 PARA DEFLEXION
l b' ⋅ d' 3 4 5 ⋅ q ⋅ l4
δadm ≔ ―= 1.4 Ix ≔ ――― = 1428.844 δi ≔ ―――― = 0.888 OK_CUMPLE
K 12 384 ⋅ E ⋅ Ix

δadm ≥ δi OK_CUMPLE
POR ULTIMO SE ELIGE UNA SECCION DE DISEÑO: 2 " X 7"
EL SIGUIENTE METODO DE DISEÑO ES EL MAS RECOMENDABLE PARA SU PROYECTO. NOTA SE PUEDE
USAR CUALQUIERA DE LOS DOS (EJ 2 o EJ 3).

EJERICICIO 3.-OTRA FORMA DE DISEÑAR SERA LA SIGUIENTE.

PREDISEÑO
q ⋅ l2
U ≔ 1.2 ⋅ D + 1.6 ⋅ L = 220 ―― q ≔ sep ⋅ U = 66 ―― l = 3.5 Ms ≔ ――= 101.063 ⋅
2
8

b≔2 b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5

b' ⋅ d' 2 q ⋅ l2
Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ ――― ≥ ――
6 8
M ≥M igualando y despejando d se tiene :
R S

PARA FLEXION
1
―
2
⎛ q ⋅ l2 ⎞
⎜ ―― ⎟
8
d' ≔ ⎜――――――― ⎟ = 2.941 d ≔ d' + 0.5 = 3.441
⎜ b' ⎟
⎜ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ ―⎟ d ≔ 3.5 adoptado
⎝ 6 ⎠

DEFLEXION

l 5 ⋅ q ⋅ l4
―≥ ――――― K = 250
K b' ⋅ d' 3
384 ⋅ E ⋅ ―――
12
1 2 1 1
― ― ― ―
3 3
5 3 ⋅ 32 3 ⋅ K ⋅ l ⋅ q
d' ≔ ――――――― = 5.284 d ≔ d' + 0.5 = 5.784
1 1
― ―
3 3 d≔6 adoptado
32 ⋅ E ⋅ b'

DE LOS DOS CASOS ELEGIMOS EL MAYOR : d≔6

DISEÑO
b=2 sep = 0.3 γI = 1100 ――
3
d=6
d' ≔ d − 0.5 = 5.5
b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5
γI ⋅ b ⋅ d
p.p.vigueta ≔ ―――= 28.387 ――
2
sep

CARGA CRITICA :
Dt ≔ D + p.p.vigueta = 178.387 ――
2

U ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Dt + 1.6 ⋅ L = 254.064 ――

2

q ⋅ l2
q ≔ U ⋅ sep = 76.219 ―― sep = 0.3 Ms ≔ ――= 116.711 ⋅
8
 b' ⋅ d' 2
Mr ≔ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ ――― = 353.44 ⋅
6

Mr = 353.44 ⋅

M ≥M OK
R S

DEFLEXION

l
δadm ≔ ―= 1.4 K = 250
K

5 ⋅ q ⋅ l4
δi ≔ ―――――= 1.434
b' ⋅ d' 3
384 ⋅ E ⋅ ―――
12

δadm ≥ δi NO_CUMPLE

COMO NO CUMPLE SE ELIGE : d ≔ 6.5

DISEÑO
b=2 sep = 0.3 γI = 1100 ――
3
d = 6.5
d' ≔ d − 0.5 =6
b' ≔ b − 0.5 = 1.5
γI ⋅ b ⋅ d
p.p.vigueta ≔ ―――= 30.753 ――
2
sep

CARGA CRITICA :
Dt ≔ D + p.p.vigueta = 180.753 ――
2

U ≔ 1.2 ⋅ Dt + 1.6 ⋅ L = 256.903 ――

2

q ⋅ l2
q ≔ U ⋅ sep = 77.071 ―― sep = 0.3 Ms ≔ ――= 118.015 ⋅
8

b' ⋅ d' 2
Mr ≔ Fr ⋅ fa ⋅ ffu' ⋅ Fe ⋅ ――― = 420.623 ⋅
6

Mr = 420.623 ⋅

M ≥M OK
R S

DEFLEXION

l
δadm ≔ ―= 1.4 K = 250
K

5 ⋅ q ⋅ l4
δi ≔ ―――――= 1.117
b' ⋅ d' 3
384 ⋅ E ⋅ ―――
12

δadm ≥ δi SI_CUMPLE

SE RECOMIENDA USAR UNA SECCION DE 2" X 7" - OPTIMIZANDO UNA SECCION DE 2" X 6.5"