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Seismic ground motion values for locations outside the United States

February 2010 » Columns » CODE SIMPLE

By S. K. Ghosh, Ph.D., Susan Dowty, S.E.

e Mail Print

We are frequently asked what spectral response accelerations should be used for areas outside the
United States where there are no mapped values in the International Code Council’s (ICC)
International Building Code (IBC) or the American Society of Civil Engineers’ Minimum Design Loads
For Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE 7).

Prior to the IBC, it was customary for code users to use the Uniform Building Code (UBC) Appendix
Chapter 16 Seismic Zone table for areas outside the United States. This table, introduced in 1976,
was completely revised and expanded in the 1997 edition of the UBC. With the 1997 UBC Appendix
Chapter 16, a paragraph was added indicating that the compilation was only a partial listing of
seismic zones outside the United States and may not, in all cases, reflect local ordinances or current
scientific information. The seismic zones tabulated in UBC Appendix Chapter 16 were based on the
Tri Services Manual, Seismic Design for Buildings, Departments of the Army [TM 5 809 10], Navy [P
355], and Air Force [AFM 88 3], Chapter 13.

In answer to the question what spectral accelerations should be used for areas outside the United
States where there are no mapped values in the IBC or ASCE 7, it is possible to use the Ca and Cv
values of the 1997 UBC corresponding to the Seismic Zone listed in Appendix Chapter 16 to
determine SDS and SD1, using the following equivalency relationships (this is referred to hereinafter as
Method 1): SDS = 2.5Ca and SD1 = Cv.

An example of entries in the 1997 UBC Seismic Zone table with corresponding Ca and Cv and
converted SDS and SD1 values is given in Table 1.

However, the values obtained using Method 1 are considered crude. In the absence of maps
developed for the local foreign region, a source of SS and S1 values for locations outside of the United
States may be the U.S. military document, UFC (Unified Facilities Criteria) 3 310 01, Structural Load
Data, dated May 25, 2005, including Change 2, dated Dec. 5, 2007. Tables D 2 and E 1 of this
document should be used. These values (hereinafter referred to as Method 2 values) are used by the
United States Department of Defense. Of course, the same statement made in the 1997 UBC
Appendix Chapter 16 applies here as follows: The values may not, in all cases, reflect local
ordinances or current scientific information. Entries in Table E 1 of UFC 3 310 01 for the same
locations as in the above table are given in Table 2.

The 10/50 entry represents the design earthquake ground motion prior to the 2000 IBC, reflecting 10
percent probability of being exceeded in 50 years (approximately a 475 year return period). The data
in Table 3 compares the SDS and SD1 values using the two methods presented.

S.K. Ghosh Associates, Inc., (SKGA) was recently contracted by ICC to develop maps of SS and S1
for the United Arab Emirates (UAE) because the Emirate of Abu Dhabi is scheduled to adopt the
2009 IBC this year. E. V. Leyendecker, Ph.D., principal seismological consultant with SKGA and
scientist emeritus at the U.S. Geological Survey, conducted the study. Time was not available to
conduct a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, which would have been the preferred way to
proceed. The Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) data were used to replace the
Tri Services (TI 809 04) Seismic Zone tables in UFC 3 310 01. The GSHAP data did not form the
basis of the maps developed by SKGA because of a number of limitations including the fact that the
values of GSHAP ground motion were several times higher than unpublished proprietary data for a
number of sites in the region. Abdalla and Al Homoud of the Civil Engineering Department, American
Univerity of Sharjah, have published maps of the UAE region in the Journal of Earthquake
Engineering, Imperial College Press, 2004. These maps are more in line with the unpublished data
mentioned previously and form the basis of the maps developed by SKGA. This one instance serves
to underscore the fact that the GSHAP data and UFC 3 310 01 may not reflect current scientific
information for local regions.

Although not originally scheduled for this issue, we wanted to share this recent development;
therefore, our next Code Simple column will address the anchorage requirements for structural walls
as it relates to seismic design and will include a thorough discussion of ASCE 7 05 Section 12.11 for
structural walls in structures assigned to SDC B through F.

S.K. Ghosh Associates Inc., is a structural seismic, and code consulting firm located in Palatine, Ill.,
and Aliso Viejo, Calif. President S.K. Ghosh, Ph.D., and Susan Dowty, S.E., are active in the
development and interpretation of national structural code provisions. They can be contacted at
skghosh@aol.com and susandowty@gmail.com, respectively, or at www.skghoshassociates.com
Table 1: An example of entries in the 1997 UBC Seismic Zone table with corresponding Ca and Cv and converted
SDS and SD1 values (Method 1).
Location Appendix Ch. 16 Seismic Zone Assumed Site Class Ca Cv SDS = 2.5Ca SD1 = Cv

Mexico: Mazatlan 2A D 0.22 0.32 0.55 0.32


Mexico: Mexico City 3 E 0.36 0.84 0.90 0.84

Table 2: Values derived from Table E-1 of UFC 3-310-


01 (Method 2) for the same locations as in
Table 1, above.

Seismic Loading (Site Class B)


Country Base/City Ss(%g) S1(%g) 10/50Ss(%g) 10/50S1(%g)

Mexico Mazatlan 97.4 39 48.7 19.5

Mexico Mexico City 56.9 22.8 28.5 11.4

Table 3: Comparison of Methods 1 and 2

Method 1 Method 2
City SDS SD1 SDS SD1

Mazatlan 0.55 0.32 0.72 0.42

Mexico City 0.90 0.84 0.59 0.47


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Seismic ground motion values for locations outside the United States
February 2010 » Columns » CODE SIMPLE

By S. K. Ghosh, Ph.D., Susan Dowty, S.E.

e Mail Print

We are frequently asked what spectral response accelerations should be used for areas outside the
United States where there are no mapped values in the International Code Council’s (ICC)
International Building Code (IBC) or the American Society of Civil Engineers’ Minimum Design Loads
For Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE 7).

Prior to the IBC, it was customary for code users to use the Uniform Building Code (UBC) Appendix
Chapter 16 Seismic Zone table for areas outside the United States. This table, introduced in 1976,
was completely revised and expanded in the 1997 edition of the UBC. With the 1997 UBC Appendix
Chapter 16, a paragraph was added indicating that the compilation was only a partial listing of
seismic zones outside the United States and may not, in all cases, reflect local ordinances or current
scientific information. The seismic zones tabulated in UBC Appendix Chapter 16 were based on the
Tri Services Manual, Seismic Design for Buildings, Departments of the Army [TM 5 809 10], Navy [P
355], and Air Force [AFM 88 3], Chapter 13.

In answer to the question what spectral accelerations should be used for areas outside the United Headlines From Around The Web
States where there are no mapped values in the IBC or ASCE 7, it is possible to use the Ca and Cv
values of the 1997 UBC corresponding to the Seismic Zone listed in Appendix Chapter 16 to • Forestry urged to seize chance to rebuild Christchurch
determine SDS and SD1, using the following equivalency relationships (this is referred to hereinafter as (stuff.co.nz)
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(inhabitat.com)
However, the values obtained using Method 1 are considered crude. In the absence of maps
developed for the local foreign region, a source of SS and S1 values for locations outside of the United
States may be the U.S. military document, UFC (Unified Facilities Criteria) 3 310 01, Structural Load
Data, dated May 25, 2005, including Change 2, dated Dec. 5, 2007. Tables D 2 and E 1 of this
document should be used. These values (hereinafter referred to as Method 2 values) are used by the
United States Department of Defense. Of course, the same statement made in the 1997 UBC
Appendix Chapter 16 applies here as follows: The values may not, in all cases, reflect local
ordinances or current scientific information. Entries in Table E 1 of UFC 3 310 01 for the same
locations as in the above table are given in Table 2. Current Issue
The 10/50 entry represents the design earthquake ground motion prior to the 2000 IBC, reflecting 10 February 2013
percent probability of being exceeded in 50 years (approximately a 475 year return period). The data
in Table 3 compares the SDS and SD1 values using the two methods presented.
» COVER STORY
S.K. Ghosh Associates, Inc., (SKGA) was recently contracted by ICC to develop maps of SS and S1 • Wayne Muir: Modeling expert
for the United Arab Emirates (UAE) because the Emirate of Abu Dhabi is scheduled to adopt the
2009 IBC this year. E. V. Leyendecker, Ph.D., principal seismological consultant with SKGA and
scientist emeritus at the U.S. Geological Survey, conducted the study. Time was not available to » FEATURES
conduct a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, which would have been the preferred way to
proceed. The Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) data were used to replace the • International Roofing Expo
Tri Services (TI 809 04) Seismic Zone tables in UFC 3 310 01. The GSHAP data did not form the
• Evaluating timber piles
basis of the maps developed by SKGA because of a number of limitations including the fact that the
values of GSHAP ground motion were several times higher than unpublished proprietary data for a • Tips for using diaphragms with
number of sites in the region. Abdalla and Al Homoud of the Civil Engineering Department, American analysis software
Univerity of Sharjah, have published maps of the UAE region in the Journal of Earthquake
Engineering, Imperial College Press, 2004. These maps are more in line with the unpublished data • Peter Rice: license to imagine
mentioned previously and form the basis of the maps developed by SKGA. This one instance serves
to underscore the fact that the GSHAP data and UFC 3 310 01 may not reflect current scientific All articles eZine Subscribe
information for local regions.
Cover Story
Although not originally scheduled for this issue, we wanted to share this recent development;
therefore, our next Code Simple column will address the anchorage requirements for structural walls
as it relates to seismic design and will include a thorough discussion of ASCE 7 05 Section 12.11 for Richard Weingardt: The pioneer spirit
structural walls in structures assigned to SDC B through F.
It isn't an easy feat for one person to visit all seven continents.
S.K. Ghosh Associates Inc., is a structural seismic, and code consulting firm located in Palatine, Ill., Nor is it an easy feat to establish a company at 27. But that is
and Aliso Viejo, Calif. President S.K. Ghosh, Ph.D., and Susan Dowty, S.E., are active in the exactly how a lifetime of professional and personal adventuring
development and interpretation of national structural code provisions. They can be contacted at began for Richard Weingardt.
skghosh@aol.com and susandowty@gmail.com, respectively, or at www.skghoshassociates.com

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