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Walkthrough: Creating a Simple Data

Application by Using ADO.NET
Visual Studio 2012

When you create an application that manipulates data in a database, you perform basic tasks such defining connection
strings, inserting data, and running stored procedures. By following this topic, you can discover how to interact with a
database from within a simple Windows Forms application by using Visual C# or Visual Basic and ADO.NET.

Important

To keep the code simple, it doesn’t include production-ready exception handling.

In this topic

Set up the sample database

Create the forms and add controls

Store the connection string

Retrieve the connection string

Write the code for the forms

Test your application

Prerequisites
To create the application, you'll need:

Visual Studio 2012 with Update 1 or

SQL Server 2012 Express LocalDB

The small sample database that you create by following the steps in Walkthrough: Creating a Small Sample
Database.

The connection string for the database after you set it up. You can find this value by opening SQL Server Object
Explorer or Server Explorer, choosing the database, opening its Properties window for the database, and then
choosing the Debug tab.

This topic assumes that you're familiar with the basic functionality of the Visual Studio IDE and can create a Windows
Forms application, add forms to that project, put buttons and other controls on those forms, set properties of those
controls, and code simple events. If you aren't comfortable with these tasks, we suggest that you complete the Getting
Started Tutorials before you start this topic.

Set up the sample database

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foreign keys, the constraints, and the stored procedures.

Create the forms and add controls

1. Create a project for a Windows Forms application, and then name it SimpleDataApp.

Visual Studio creates the project and several files, including an empty Windows form that's named Form1.

2. Add two Windows forms to your project so that it has three forms, and then give them the following names.

Navigation

NewCustomer

FillOrCancel

3. For each form, add the text boxes, buttons, and other controls that appear in the following illustrations. For each
control, set the properties that the tables describe.

Note

The group box and the label controls add clarity but aren't used in the code.

Navigation form

Controls for the Navigation form Properties

Button Name = btnGoToAdd

Button Name = btnGoToFillOrCancel

Button Name = btnExit

NewCustomer form

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Controls for the NewCustomer form Properties

TextBox Name = txtCustomerName

TextBox Name = txtCustomerID

Readonly = True

Button Name = btnCreateAccount

NumericUpdown DecimalPlaces = 0

Maximum = 5000

Name = numOrderAmount

DateTimePicker Format = Short

Name = dtpOrderDate

Button Name = btnPlaceOrder

Button Name = btnAddAnotherAccount

Button Name = btnAddFinish

FillOrCancel form

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Controls for the FillOrCancel form Properties

TextBox Name = txtOrderID

Button Name = btnFindByOrderID

DateTimePicker Format = Short

Name = dtpFillDate

DataGridView Name = dgvCustomerOrders

Readonly = True

RowHeaderVisible = False

Button Name = btnCancelOrder

Button Name = btnFillOrder

Button Name = btnFinishUpdates

Store the connection string

When your application tries to open a connection to the database, your application must have access to the connection
string. To avoid entering the string manually on each form, store the string in the App config file in your project, and create
a method that returns the string when called from any form in your application.

1. Open the shortcut menu for the project, and then choose Properties.

2. In the left panel of the Properties window, choose the Project Settings tab.

3. In the Name column, enter connString.

4. In the Type list, choose (Connection String).

5. In the Scope list, choose Application.

6. In the Value column, enter your connection string, and then save your changes.

Retrieve the connection string

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Visual Studio creates the file and displays it in Solution Explorer.

3. Open the Utility file, and then enter the following code. Notice the numbered comments (prefixed with Util-) that
identify sections of the code. The table that follows the code calls out key points.

VB

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
' Util-1 More namespaces.
Imports System.Configuration

Namespace SimpleDataApp
Friend Class Utility

' Get connection string from App config file.

Friend Shared Function GetConnectionString() As String

' Util-2 Assume failure.

Dim returnValue As String = Nothing

' Util-3 Look for the name in the connectionStrings section.

Dim settings As ConnectionStringSettings =
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("SimpleDataApp.My.MySettings.connString")

' If found, return the connection string.

If settings IsNot Nothing Then
returnValue = settings.ConnectionString
End If

Return returnValue
End Function
End Class
End Namespace

Comment Description

Util-1 Add the System.Configuration namespace.

Util-2 Define a variable, returnValue, and initialize it to null (C#) or Nothing (Visual Basic).

Util-3 Even though you entered connString as the name of the connection string in the Properties
window, you must specify "SimpleDataApp.Properties.Settings.connString" (C#) or
"SimpleDataApp.My.MySettings.connString" (Visual Basic) in the code.

Write the code for the forms

This section contains brief overviews of what each form does and shows the code that creates the forms. Numbered
comments identify sections of the code.

Navigation form
The Navigation form opens when you run the application. The Add an account button opens the NewCustomer form.
The Fill or cancel orders button opens the FillOrCancel form. The Exit button closes the application.

Make the Navigation form the startup form

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If you're using Visual Basic, in Solution Explorer, open the Properties window, choose the Application tab, and then
choose SimpleDataApp.Navigation on the Startup form list.

Create event handlers

Create empty Click event handlers for the three buttons on the form.

Create code for Navigation

Add this code to the Navigation form.

VB

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Namespace SimpleDataApp
Partial Public Class Navigation
Inherits Form
Public Sub New()
InitializeComponent()
End Sub

' Open the NewCustomer form as a dialog box, which will return focus to the
calling form when it closes.
Private Sub btnGoToAdd_Click() Handles btnGoToAdd.Click
Dim frm As Form = New NewCustomer()
frm.Show()
End Sub

' Open the FillorCancel form as a dialog box.

Private Sub btnGoToFillOrCancel_Click() Handles btnGoToFillOrCancel.Click
Dim frm As Form = New FillOrCancel()
frm.ShowDialog()
End Sub

' Close the application, not just the Navigation form.

Private Sub btnExit_Click() Handles btnExit.Click
Me.Close()
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace

NewCustomer form
When you enter a customer name and then choose the Create Account button, the NewCustomer form creates a
customer account, and SQL Server returns an IDENTITY value as the new account number. You then place an order for
the new account by specifying an amount and an order date and choosing the Place Order button.

Create event handlers

Create an empty Click event handler for each button on the form.

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and the table after the code.

VB

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Imports System.Windows.Forms
' NC-1 More namespaces.
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Configuration

Namespace SimpleDataApp
Partial Public Class NewCustomer
Inherits Form

' NC-2 Storage for IDENTITY values returned from database.

Private parsedCustomerID As Integer
Private orderID As Integer

' NC-3 Specify a connection string.

Private connstr As String = SimpleDataApp.Utility.GetConnectionString()

Public Sub New()

InitializeComponent()
End Sub

' NC-4 Create account.

Private Sub btnCreateAccount_Click() Handles btnCreateAccount.Click

' NC-5 Set up and run stored procedure only if Customer Name is present.
If isCustomerName() Then

' NC-6 Create the connection.

Dim conn As New SqlConnection(connstr)

' NC-7 Create a SqlCommand, and identify it as a stored procedure.

Dim cmdNewCustomer As New SqlCommand("Sales.uspNewCustomer", conn)
cmdNewCustomer.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure

' NC-8 Add input parameter from the stored procedure and specify what
to use as its value.
cmdNewCustomer.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@CustomerName",
SqlDbType.NVarChar, 40))
cmdNewCustomer.Parameters("@CustomerName").Value =
txtCustomerName.Text

' NC-9 Add output parameter.

cmdNewCustomer.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@CustomerID",
SqlDbType.Int))
cmdNewCustomer.Parameters("@CustomerID").Direction =
ParameterDirection.Output

' NC-10 try-catch-finally

Try
' NC-11 Open the connection.
conn.Open()

' NC-12 Run the stored procedure.

cmdNewCustomer.ExecuteNonQuery()

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Me.txtCustomerID.Text = Convert.ToString(parsedCustomerID)

Catch
' NC-14 A simple catch.
MessageBox.Show("Customer ID was not returned. Account could not
be created.")
Finally
' NC-15 Close the connection.
conn.Close()
End Try
End If
End Sub

' NC-16 Verify that Customer Name is present.

Private Function isCustomerName() As Boolean
If txtCustomerName.Text = "" Then
MessageBox.Show("Please enter a name.")
Return False
Else
Return True
End If
End Function

' NC-17 Place order.

Private Sub btnPlaceOrder_Click() Handles btnPlaceOrder.Click

' NC-18 Set up and run stored procedure only if necessary input is
present.
If isPlaceOrderReady() Then

' Create the connection.

Dim conn As New SqlConnection(connstr)

' NC-19 Create SqlCommand and identify it as a stored procedure.

Dim cmdNewOrder As New SqlCommand("Sales.uspPlaceNewOrder", conn)
cmdNewOrder.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure

' NC-20 @CustomerID, which was an output parameter from

uspNewCustomer.
cmdNewOrder.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@CustomerID",
SqlDbType.Int))
cmdNewOrder.Parameters("@CustomerID").Value = Me.parsedCustomerID

' NC-21 @OrderDate.

cmdNewOrder.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@OrderDate",
SqlDbType.DateTime, 8))
cmdNewOrder.Parameters("@OrderDate").Value = dtpOrderDate.Value

' NC-22 @Amount.

cmdNewOrder.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@Amount", SqlDbType.Int))
cmdNewOrder.Parameters("@Amount").Value = numOrderAmount.Value

' NC-23 @Status. For a new order, the status is always O (open).
cmdNewOrder.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@Status", SqlDbType.
[Char], 1))
cmdNewOrder.Parameters("@Status").Value = "O"

' NC-24 add return value for stored procedure, which is the orderID
cmdNewOrder.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@RC", SqlDbType.Int))
cmdNewOrder.Parameters("@RC").Direction =
ParameterDirection.ReturnValue

' try – catch - finally

Try
' Open connection.
conn.Open()

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' NC-25 Display the order number.
Me.orderID = CInt(cmdNewOrder.Parameters("@RC").Value)
MessageBox.Show("Order number " & (Me.orderID).ToString & " has
been submitted.")

Catch
' A simple catch.
MessageBox.Show("Order could not not be placed.")

Finally
' Close connection.
conn.Close()
End Try
End If
End Sub

' NC-26 Verify that order data is ready.

Private Function isPlaceOrderReady() As Boolean

' Verify that CustomerID is present.

If txtCustomerID.Text = "" Then
MessageBox.Show("Please create customer account before placing
order.")
Return False

' Verify that Amount isn't 0

ElseIf (numOrderAmount.Value < 1) Then

MessageBox.Show("Please specify an order amount.")

Return False
Else
' Order can be submitted.
Return True
End If
End Function

' NC-27 Reset the form for another new account.

Private Sub btnAddAnotherAccount_Click() Handles btnAddAnotherAccount.Click
Me.ClearForm()
End Sub

' NC-28 Clear values from controls.

Private Sub ClearForm()
txtCustomerName.Clear()
txtCustomerID.Clear()
dtpOrderDate.Value = DateTime.Now
numOrderAmount.Value = 0
Me.parsedCustomerID = 0
End Sub

' NC-29 Close the form.

Private Sub btnAddFinish_Click() Handles btnAddFinish.Click
Me.Close()
End Sub

End Class
End Namespace

Comment Description

NC-1 Add System.Data.SqlClient and System.Configuration to the list of namespaces.

NC-2 Declare the parsedCustomerID and orderID variables, which you'll use later.

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NC-4 Add code to the Click event handler for the btnCreateAccount button.

NC-5 Wrap the call to isCustomerName around the Click event code so that uspNewCustomer runs
only if a customer name is present.

NC-6 Create a SqlConnection object (conn), and pass in the connection string in connstr.

NC-7 Create a SqlCommand object, cmdNewCustomer.

Specify Sales.uspNewCustomer as the stored procedure to run.

Use the CommandType property to specify that the command is a stored procedure.

NC-8 Add the @CustomerName input parameter from the stored procedure.

Add the parameter to the Parameters collection.

Use the SqlDbType enumeration to specify the parameter type as nvarchar(40).
Specify txtCustomerName.Text as the source.

NC-9 Add the output parameter from the stored procedure.

Add the parameter to the Parameters collection.

Use ParameterDirection.Output to identify the parameter as output.

NC-10 Add a Try – Catch – Finally block to open the connection, run the stored procedure, handle
exceptions, and then close the connection.

NC-11 Open the connection (conn) that you created at NC-6.

NC-12 Use cmdNewCustomer's ExecuteNonQuery method to run the Sales.uspNewCustomer stored

procedure, which runs an INSERT statement, not a query.

NC-13 The @CustomerID value is returned as an IDENTITY value from the database. Because it's an
integer, you'll have to convert it to a string to display it in the Customer ID text box.

You declared parsedCustomerID at NC-2.

Store the @CustomerID value in parsedCustomerID for later use.
Convert the returned customer ID to a string, and insert it into txtCustomerID.Text.

NC-14 For this sample, add a simple, not production-quality catch clause.

NC-15 Always close a connection after you finish using it, so that it can be released to the connection
pool. See SQL Server Connection Pooling (ADO.NET).

NC-16 Define a method to verify that a customer name is present.

If the text box is empty, display a message, and return false, because a name is
required to create the account.
If the text box isn't empty, return true.

NC-17 Add code to the Click event handler for the btnPlaceOrder button.

NC-18 Wrap the call to isPlaceOrderReady around the btnPlaceOrder_Click event code so that
uspPlaceNewOrder doesn't run if required input isn't present.

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NC-19. Create the SqlCommand object, cmdNewOrder, and specify

Sales.uspPlaceOrder as the stored procedure.
NC-20 through NC-23 are the input parameters for the stored procedure.
NC-24. @RC will contain a return value that's the generated order ID from the database.
This parameter's direction is specified as ReturnValue.
NC-25. Store the value of order ID in the orderID variable that you declared at NC-2,
and display the value in a message box.

NC-26 Define a method to verify that a customer ID exists and that an amount has been specified in
numOrderAmount.

NC-27 Call the ClearForm method in the btnAddAnotherAccount Click event handler.

NC-28 Create the ClearForm method to clear values from the form if you want to add another
customer.

NC29 Close the NewCustomer form, and return focus to the Navigation form.

FillOrCancel form
The FillorCancel form runs a query to return an order when you enter an order ID and choose the Find Order button.
The returned row appears in a read-only data grid. You can mark the order as cancelled (X) if you choose the Cancel
Order button, or you can mark the order as filled (F) if you choose the Fill Order button. If you choose the Find Order
button again, the updated row appears.

Create event handlers

Create empty Click event handlers for the four buttons on the form.

Create code for FillOrCancel

Add the following code to the FillOrCancel form. Step through the code blocks by using the numbered comments
and the table that follows the code.

VB

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Imports System.Windows.Forms
' FC-1 More namespaces.
Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Configuration

Namespace SimpleDataApp
Partial Public Class FillOrCancel
Inherits Form
' FC-2 Storage for OrderID
Private parsedOrderID As Integer

' FC-3 Specify a connection string

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InitializeComponent()
End Sub

' FC-4 Find an order.

Private Sub btnFindByOrderID_Click() Handles btnFindByOrderID.Click

' FC-5 Prepare the connection and the command.

If isOrderID() Then
' Create the connection.
Dim conn As New SqlConnection(connstr)

' Define the query string that has a parameter for orderID.
Dim sql As String = "select * from Sales.Orders where orderID =
@orderID"

' Create a SqlCommand object.

Dim cmdOrderID As New SqlCommand(sql, conn)

' Define the @orderID parameter and its value.

cmdOrderID.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@orderID", SqlDbType.Int))
cmdOrderID.Parameters("@orderID").Value = parsedOrderID

' try-catch-finally
Try
' FC-6 Run the command and display the results.
' Open connection.
conn.Open()

' Run the command by using SqlDataReader.

Dim rdr As SqlDataReader = cmdOrderID.ExecuteReader()

' Create a data table to hold the retrieved data.

Dim dataTable As New DataTable()

' Load the data from the SqlDataReader into the data table.
dataTable.Load(rdr)

' Display the data from the data table in the datagridview.
Me.dgvCustomerOrders.DataSource = dataTable

' Close the SqlDataReader.

rdr.Close()
Catch
' A simple catch.
MessageBox.Show("The requested order could not be loaded into the
form.")
Finally
' Close the connection.
conn.Close()
End Try
End If
End Sub

' FC-7 Cancel an order.

Private Sub btnCancelOrder_Click() Handles btnCancelOrder.Click

' Set up and run stored procedure only if OrderID is ready.

If isOrderID() Then

' Create the connection.

Dim conn As New SqlConnection(connstr)

' Create the command and identify it as a stored procedure.

Dim cmdCancelOrder As New SqlCommand("Sales.uspCancelOrder", conn)
cmdCancelOrder.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure

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cmdCancelOrder.Parameters("@orderID").Value = parsedOrderID

' try-catch-finally
Try
' Open the connection.
conn.Open()

' Run the cmdCancelOrder command.

cmdCancelOrder.ExecuteNonQuery()
Catch
' A simple catch.
MessageBox.Show("The cancel operation was not completed.")
Finally
' Close connection.
conn.Close()
End Try
End If
End Sub

' FC-8 Fill an order.

Private Sub btnFillOrder_Click() Handles btnFillOrder.Click

' Set up and run stored procedure only if OrderID is ready.

If isOrderID() Then

' Create the connection.

Dim conn As New SqlConnection(connstr)

' Create command and identify it as a stored procedure.

Dim cmdFillOrder As New SqlCommand("Sales.uspFillOrder", conn)
cmdFillOrder.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure

' Add input parameter from the stored procedure.

cmdFillOrder.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@orderID",
SqlDbType.Int))
cmdFillOrder.Parameters("@orderID").Value = parsedOrderID

' Add second input parameter.

cmdFillOrder.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@FilledDate",
SqlDbType.DateTime, 8))
cmdFillOrder.Parameters("@FilledDate").Value = dtpFillDate.Value

' try-catch-finally
Try
' Open the connection.
conn.Open()

' Run the cmdFillOrder command.

cmdFillOrder.ExecuteNonQuery()
Catch
' A simple catch.
MessageBox.Show("The fill operation was not completed.")
Finally
' Close the connection.
conn.Close()
End Try
End If
End Sub

' FC-9 Verify that OrderID is ready.

Private Function isOrderID() As Boolean

' Check for input in the Order ID text box.

If txtOrderID.Text = "" Then
MessageBox.Show("Please specify the Order ID.")
Return False

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' Show message and clear input.
MessageBox.Show("Please specify integers only.")
txtOrderID.Clear()
Return False

Else
' Convert the text in the text box to an integer to send to the
database.
parsedOrderID = Int32.Parse(txtOrderID.Text)
Return True

End If
End Function

' Close the form.

Private Sub btnFinishUpdates_Click() Handles btnFinishUpdates.Click
Me.Close()
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace

Comment Description

FC-1 Add System.Data.SqlClient, System.Configuration, and System.Text.RegularExpressions to the list

of namespaces.

FC-2 Declare the parsedOrderID variable.

FC-3 Call the GetConnectionString method to get the connection string from the App config file,
and store the value in the connstr string variable.

FC-4 Add code to the Click event handler for btnFindOrderByID.

FC-5 Look familiar? These tasks are required before you try to run an SQL statement or a stored
procedure.

Create a SqlConnection object.

Define the SQL statement or specify the name of the stored procedure. (In this case, you'll
run a SELECT statement.)
Create a SqlCommand object.
Define any parameters for the SQL statement or stored procedure.

FC-6 This code uses SqlDataReader and DataTable to retrieve and display the query result.

Open the connection.

Create a SqlDataReader, rdr, by running cmdOrderID's ExecuteReader method.
Create a DataTable object to hold the retrieved data.
Load the data from the SqlDataReader into the DataTable object.
Display the data in the datagridview by specifying the DataTable as the DataSource for
the datagridview.
Close the SqlDataReader.

FC-7 Add code to the Click event handler for btnCancelOrder. This code runs the
Sales.uspCancelOrder stored procedure.

FC-8 Add code to the Click event handler for btnFillOrder. This code runs the Sales.uspFillOrder
stored procedure.

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Make sure that an ID has been entered in txtOrderID.

Use Regex.IsMatch to define a simple check for non-integer characters.
You declared the parsedOrderID variable at FC-2.
If the input is valid, convert the text to an integer, and store the value in the
parsedOrderID variable.
Wrap the isOrderID method around the btnFindByOrderID, btnCancelOrder, and
btnFillOrder Click event handlers.

Test your application

Choose the F5 key to build and test your application after you code each Click event handler and then after you finish
coding.

© 2017 Microsoft

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