Академический Документы
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11
2011
BUILDING
TEAM
AWARDS
33
BIM for the Masses
50
AIA/CES Course:
Smart Glass
53
300 E
Eastt R
Randolph
d l h
Chicago, Illinois
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COVER STORY
BD+C’S 14TH ANNUAL PLATINUM 34 300 East Randolph Vertical Completion
36 USDOE Research Support Facility at the
FEATURES
Which of the following inter
you specified or used primar
29I How and Why AEC
attributes in the last 18-24 Professionals Choose
(Multiple responses accepted.)
Green Interior Products
Paints/coatings 70% AEC professionals said they want durability in
Carpet/carpet tiles 59%
Flooring 58% their sustainable interior products, as well as
Adhesives/sealants 56%
Lighting products 54%
greater transparency and credibility in the data
they’re getting from product manufacturers.
29
Insulation
Composite wood products
52%
47%
Rick Brow
CENTRIA DEPARTMENTS
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n = 180
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PLATINUM
GOLD
GOLD
300 EAST RANDOLPH U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY KIOWA COUNTY SILVER SPRING CIVIC BUILDING AT
VERTICAL COMPLETION RESEARCH SUPPORT FACILITY USD 422 K-12 SCHOOL VETERANS PLAZA
AT THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE
ENERGY LABORATORY
SILVER
GOLD
BRONZE
SILVER
TEXAS CHILDREN’S JAN AND DAN CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF STUDENT CENTER, CONSOL ENERGY CENTER
DUNCAN NEUROLOGICAL GENERAL SERVICES CENTRAL PLANT CLARKSON UNIVERSITY
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
For more photos from the winning teams, go to: www.BDCnetwork.com/BTA2011images BUILDING DESIGN+CONSTRUCTION JUNE 2011 33
300 EAST RANDOLPH VERTICAL COMPLETION
A High-Rise
When Chicago-based Health Care Service Corporation commis-
sioned its office tower at 300 East Randolph Street in the mid-
1990s, the organization asked for a building that could allow for
future expansion. HCSC anticipated it was only a matter of time
before it would outgrow the 33-story, 1.43 million-sf building.
That time came in 2006.
HCSC, which operates several Blue Cross and Blue Shield in-
surance plans, called on Goettsch Partners, the building’s original
architects, to guide the expansion based on the original plan. The
Chicago-based firm pulled the original drawings and completed
the design for Phase 2: a 24-story, 920,000-sf addition atop the
PHOTOS: JAMES STEINKAMP © STEINKAMP PHOTOGRAPHY
Platinum Award
Tour de Force
Pritzker Pavilion was hosting outdoor performances across the street ageing between the two
in Millennium Park. The Building Team made significant accom- phases. “The building
modations on work hours to keep construction noise from disturbing doesn’t look at all dated,
office occupants, neighbors, and concert goers. not even the original
Elevator additions. The original building’s atrium was designed structure, which is 14
to accommodate additional passenger elevator banks, as well as the years old,” said Build-
skip hoist used to deliver construction workers and materials to work ing Team Awards judge
areas. The atrium comprises five 40x30-foot open structural bays John (Jay) Frisco, AIA,
located along the north façade; each of the outer bays holds an eight- NCARB, an associate
car bank servicing the original 33 floors. Two new eight-car elevator with RTKL in Chicago.
banks were added (at night, to minimize disruption) to the inner bays. Now that HCSC has
The center bay was retained for an open staircase to facilitate circula- nearly doubled its floor
tion between floors; every third floor was built out for meeting space. space, it’s not likely
As for the skip hoists, conventional practice would have called for to outgrow 300 East
running them on the exterior of the building, but that would have Randolph anytime soon.
required removing Currently, 64% of the
curtain wall from the building is occupied,
original building and and most of the remain-
taking portions of der is being readied for
the building out of occupancy later this
commission during year. Moreover, the organization has signed a top-tier law firm as a
construction. Instead, tenant for 264,000 sf of space on the new floors. BD+C
the Building Team ran —Jay W. Schneider, Editor
the skip hoists through
the atrium—a brilliant PLATINUM AWARD
engineering solution. 300 East Randolph Vertical Completion
Façade detailing. Chicago, Ill.
Architects at Goettsch
Partners had to ensure Building Team
a cohesive look could Submitting firm: Goettsch Partners (architect)
be achieved between Owner: Health Care Service Corporation
the two building Structural engineer (Phase 2): Magnusson Klemencic Associates
phases, so they speci- MEP engineer: Cosentini Associates
fied timeless materials Contractor: Walsh Construction
that aged well: high- Development manager (Phase 2): The John Buck Company
performance curtain
wall, stainless steel, General Information
and stone. The com- Project size (Phase 2): 920,000 sf
pleted 57-story tower Construction cost: Withheld at owner’s request
has a unified ap- Construction time (Phase 2): April 2007 to March 2010
pearance despite the Delivery method (Phase 2): Design-bid-build
effects of a decade of
Blueprint for a
The U.S. Department of Energy’s new had to demonstrate that a distinctively new class of real estate was
feasible and replicable by the private sector.
Research Support Facility is proof that The winning team, led by design firm RNL and GC Haselden
a net-zero energy office building can be Construction (with engineering from Stantec Consulting), vowed
to meet or exceed all 26 objectives. This was risky, since the team
designed and built for as little as $259 would be paid only 50% of the cost of completing the preliminary
design; if the DOE didn’t like it, the feds could terminate the con-
per square foot. tract with no additional payment.
The Building Team evaluated and tested a multitude of tech-
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Research Support Facility (RSF), nologies before choosing the systems that would go into the
in Golden, Colo., is arguably America’s most significant building of structure. These included hydronic radiant slab heating and cool-
the last decade, at least in terms of energy consumption. ing employing 45 miles of piping; a below-grade maze of heavy
The 222,000-sf, slanted H-shaped office building, on the site of concrete structures to store thermal energy for passive cooling and
the DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory, is designed heating; a dedicated outside air system that provides fresh air via
to produce as much or more energy than it uses—to be specific, raised floors when the windows are closed; and a thermally massive
35 kBtu/sf/year, which is 50% below ASHRAE 90.1-2004. The exterior wall system using insulated precast tilt-up panels.
building, which also includes a data center that serves the entire Modular workstations, raised floor systems, and demountable
campus, can accommodate 825 staff; it provides 61% more space walls were tested via full-scale mockups to provide optimal day-
to the NREL building stock yet adds only 6% in energy demand lighting, thermal comfort and control, sound control, and indoor
(which is provided by PVs). Yet the building itself came in at $57.4
million ($259/sf) in construction costs, with a total contract cost of
$64 million, including campus utilities and infrastructure—$288/sf.
More importantly, the Building Team achieved these remark-
able numbers through rigorous energy-conservation methods that
brought the RSF’s energy use down by about 80% compared to a
conventional building. Only after all energy-saving strategies were
applied were renewable energy sources used. Only readily available,
made-in-the-USA products, technologies, and systems were used.
The DOE and NREL held a national design competition to
pick the team, setting forth 26 project objectives in a fast-track,
multi-bid proposal. Three objectives were deemed “mission criti-
cal”: a LEED Platinum rating, Energy Star First “Plus,” and safe
work performance. The other 23 were termed “highly desirable”—
such as providing room for up to 800 staff—or “if possible,”
notably net-zero energy use, “most energy-efficient building in the
world,” and a LEED Platinum “Plus” rating. Moreover, the project
Platinum Award
Gold Award
GOLD AWARD
Kiowa County USD 422 K-12 School
cafeteria, interactive iTV classrooms, two gymnasiums, and a Greensburg, Kan.
stadium athletic field with running track.
The athletic field was completed a year before the school Building Team
opened to give the community a place to gather and reconnect—a Submitting firm: McCownGordon Construction (GC)
move that resonated with our Building Team Awards judges. Owner: Kiowa County USD 422
“Building the field first was a profound insight. It’s poetic,” said Architect: BNIM Architects
juror Tim Brown, AIA, Studio Associate Professor and Director of Structural engineer: SEA Associates
International Affairs, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago. MEP engineer: BGR Engineering
The key consideration in the school’s design was to optimize
daylighting: Every classroom is designed to be lit primarily by General Information
daylight. The school’s east-west orientation, operable, high- Project size: 135,000 sf
performance windows, exterior and interior sunshades, and light Construction cost: $45 million
shelves help reduce solar heat gain, diffuse glare, and bounce light Construction time: February 2009 to August 2010
deep into the building. Skylights further aid in bringing daylight Delivery method: CM at risk
deep into the school. Lighting controls and photoelectric switches
and occupancy sensors were installed to determine when and how
much interior lighting would be needed. While the school was under construction, another storm with
Sustainable features also include a heat recovery system and a winds in excess of 80 mph knocked over a 30-foot-tall, 200-foot-
hybrid closed-loop ground-source heat pump system combined long masonry wall. Despite this setback, the Building Team was
with a fluid cooler that uses 96 vertical wells, each 415 feet deep. still able to meet the Kiowa County Schools’ tight budget and
With its on-site wind turbine, energy savings are projected to be scheduling deadlines. “The fact that this project rose out of a
50-60% better than standard energy code. As of publication, the traumatic experience and that so many collaborators were able
school was anticipating LEED Platinum certification from the to marshal through a project like this is a testament to the entire
USGBC, and it was named to the Top 10 in the AIA Committee Building Team,” said Brown. BD+C
on the Environment (COTE) Awards. —Jay W. Schneider, Editor
Silver Spring, Md., turns its business and Theatre, and a partly covered 27,660-sf civic plaza for the festival
and concerts, including an ice rink for use by recreational skaters
shopping district into a multi-use center and hockey teams.
of year-round community activity. Led by Columbia-based Costello Construction of Maryland, the
Building Team—including Machado Silvetti Associates, Boston
(architect); The Lukmire Partnership, Arlington, Va. (AOR); Rich-
Silver Spring, Md., lies just north of the District of Columbia in an mond So Engineers, Watertown, Mass. (SE); and Setty & Associ-
unincorporated area of Montgomery County, one of the wealthi- ates, Fairfax, Va. (MEP)—put their heads together to solve a slew
est counties in the U.S. In the last decade or so this community of technical problems:
of 76,000 has seen its central business area undergo significant • An acrylic roof originally specified for the pavilion was found
reconstruction and revitalization. to fall short of building code standards. The team replaced it with a
Completing a proper civic space to support the rapid growth of manufactured glass roof that exceeded the building code and allowed
the business and shopping district was the last piece of the county’s the sprinkler system to be downsized, saving money for the county.
comprehensive redevelopment strategy for Silver Spring. The plan • Fiber cement cladding on the building’s exterior was rede-
called for a community center that would accommodate a wide signed to provide the county with a single supplier—and a 10-year
array of functions: meeting space for small business groups, an an- manufacturer’s warranty—rather than a system comprised of many
nual jazz festival with tens of thousands of attendees, facilities for parts from multiple makers (and no warranties).
the arts, and recreation opportunities. • When Fireslate for the project was damaged in a warehouse
The available site was an artificial-turf-covered open space used fire, the Costello-led team found a soapstone alternative that was
for Silver Spring’s annual jazz festival, as well as by the commu- installed at no additional cost and with no break in the schedule.
nity’s skateboarding youth. The county wanted a venue that would • BIM modeling was used to reduce the number of MEP sys-
accommodate the festival while also offering an open plaza for tems conflicts, thereby presumably cutting the number of unneed-
concerts and other public events, including wintertime recreation. ed change orders and saving hundreds of thousands of dollars.
The solution: a 44,555-sf civic building that also provides The most interesting innovation had to do with the pavilion col-
space for arts groups, notably the local nonprofit Round House umns. As originally designed, the MEP and sprinkler systems were to
Gold Award
a Bustling Downtown
be contained within a hollow structural steel column wrapped in cast- The pavilion’s ice rink draws youth hockey teams and recreational skaters to
in-place casing. Realizing that this would make it almost impossible the plaza in the winter. The 130-foot-long steel trusses were prefabricated in
for these systems to be inspected, the Building Team found a way to five sections, assembled on site, and lifted into place with only a half-inch of
move these systems outside of the column and encase them in a sepa- tolerance to spare. The jazz festival (center) attracts 25,000. The Civic Build-
rate cast-in-place cladding, allowing inspections to be performed and ing (right) houses an art museum and space for arts and theater groups.
still concealing the piping to preserve the desired aesthetic effect.
The judges were impressed with the final result. “Getting good GOLD AWARD
work out of a public project is sometimes a huge feat,” said Timo- Silver Spring Civic Building at Veterans Plaza
thy Brown, AIA, Studio Associate Professor, Illinois Institute of Silver Spring, Md.
Technology, Chicago. “There’s a very high level of design with so
many vectors to it. A remarkable achievement.” Building Team
“It’s more than a building: There’s an integration of constructed Submitting firm: Costello Construction of Maryland, Inc. (GC)
public spaces both indoors and outdoors,” said A. Aubrey Swift, Owner: Montgomery County, Md.
AIA, CEM, LEED AP, Director of Design Integration at dbHMS, Architect: Machado Silvetti Associates
Chicago. “I like how animated the outdoor space is.” AOR: The Lukmire Partnership
“It’s accessible, approachable, and easy to use,” said John (Jay) Structural engineer: Richmond So Engineers, Inc.
Frisco, AIA, NCARB, of RTKL Associates, Chicago. “The collab- MEP engineer: Setty & Associates, Ltd.
orative effort shows through.”
Even more to the point, the client was happy. “The quality of General Information
workmanship is superior and [the] commitment to delivering a Project size: 44,555 sf building; 27,660-sf plaza
quality project to meet the County’s schedule was unwavering,” Construction cost: $22,415,661
said David Dise, Director of the Montgomery County Department Construction period: August 2008 to July 2010
of General Services. BD+C Delivery method: Design-bid-build
—Robert Cassidy, Editorial Director
A Simple Building
Addresses Complex
In California’s Pajaro Valley, 85% of The $11 million facility from the Building Team of WRNS Studio
(architect), Devcon Construction (contractor), Integrated Design
water use goes toward supporting the Associates (electrical engineer), and Rumsey Engineers (now Integral
local $400 million agricultural industry. Group [mechanical/plumbing engineers]) was designed to opti-
mize resources. A plywood roof diaphragm is supported by exposed
The new Water Resources Center reflects tongue-and-groove decking over rolled Douglas fir glulam beams.
The wall structure uses wood studs at 24 inches on center, which re-
the community’s resource conservation duced the wall structure by 30%; overall construction materials were
and recycling efforts. reduced by 50% compared to a conventional structure.
The facility’s rainscreen is made from redwood trees on the
property that were harvested as part of a fire prevention effort and
The City of Watsonville (Calif.) Water Resources Center consoli- milled eight miles away. The wood was finished with a low-VOC
dates three city and county water departments under one roof and sealer that will allow it to weather and patina naturally, making it
serves as a support facility for the Watsonville Area Water Recycling
Project, a program that provides recycled water to farmers in the
Pajaro Valley, which includes the coastal areas of South Santa Cruz
and North Monterey counties. As much as 85% of the valley’s water
use directly supports its $400 million agriculture industry, and the
recycling effort provides 4,000 acre-feet of recycled water per year.
The city wanted a simple, highly sustainable building to sup-
port its mission. Compromises were made in certain areas that
were deemed luxuries—carpeting, perfect acoustics, ideal indoor
temperatures—but not on water or energy conservation or material
efficiencies.
The project is seeking LEED Platinum certification. “They are
living their mission and their purpose,” said Building Team Awards
judge Terry Fielden, LEED AP, Senior Project Executive in Gilbane
Building Company’s Chicago office.
Gold Award
Water Needs
an ideal cladding material for the salty coastal air.
To restore the land to pre-agricultural conditions, bioswales and
infiltration swales were incorporated into the landscape, which
was planted with native and drought-tolerate plants that are only
watered when recycled water is available. When it rains, water is di- Windows and doors work in conjunction with rooftop vents to help naturally
rected away from the building and paved areas into retention basins ventilate the long, narrow Water Resources Center. The site was replanted
and treated before infiltrating the ground. with drought-tolerant vegetation. The landscaping includes bioswales and
The 16,000-sf facility treads lightly on its site, measuring 43 feet filtration swales. Microscopes in the center’s lab (opposite, botttom) are con-
by 290 feet. It is oriented on an east-west axis to maximize daylight- nected to screens that allow visitors to see what the technicians are seeing.
ing and take advantage of the prevailing cool ocean winds. Operable
windows, skylights, and window wall systems open the building GOLD AWARD
to the outside and filter daylighting throughout the open-concept City of Watsonville Water Resources Center
interior; adjustable and mobile furniture and fixtures increase usable Watsonville, Calif.
floor area by 35%. Deep eaves help control solar heat gain.
Rooftop vents work in conjunction with open windows to let the Building Team
sea breezes naturally ventilate the building. In the facility’s high- Submitting firm: WRNS Studio (architect)
performance lab, active and passive HVAC systems allow researchers Owner: City of Watsonville
to regulate their environment without compromising lab efforts. By Structural engineer: JEC Structural Consulting
decoupling the system, engineers were able to gain additional ef- Mechanical, plumbing engineer: Integral Group
ficiencies. The center’s main source of heating and cooling, however, Electrical engineer: Integrated Design Associates
comes from radiant tubes filled with reclaimed water and imbedded Contractor: Devcon Construction
within the exposed polished concrete floor. The center’s low-flow
plumbing fixtures and dual-flush toilets helped reduce its potable General Information
water consumption by 50% and exceed ASHRAE 90.1 by 76%. Project size: 16,000 sf
Since opening in March 2010, the building has become a popular Construction cost: $11.05 million
community attraction, in particular as an interpretive center where Construction time: July 2008 to March 2010
visitors can learn about the region’s complex water issues. BD+C Delivery method: Design-build
—Jay W. Schneider, Editor
Silver Award
Silver Award
PHOTOS: BLAKE MARVIN; COURTESY HKS INC.
Building Team
Submitting firm: HKS Inc.
Texas Health Partners wanted its new PACU with ICU as flex space, gaining (architect, interior architect)
185,000-sf, 103-bed Presbyterian Hospital synergies between similarly skilled nurses. Owner: Texas Health Partners
Flower Mound to be lean, cost efficient, • Locating the surgery department on Structural engineer: Thornton Tomasetti
and delivered quickly: 11 months for the same floor as ICU and the step-down MEP engineer: CCRD Partners
programming and design documentation, unit to minimize patient transport. General contractor: Balfour Beatty
16 months for construction. Extensive • Consolidating women’s services on the
pre-design preparation by the physician same floor, including physician offices to General Information
owners was instrumental in enabling the be located in the connected MOB. Project size: 185,000 sf
integrated project delivery Building Team The streamlined patient flow process Construction cost: $54 million
of Texas Health Partners (owner), HKS, and flexible spaces allowed the Building Construction time: October 2008 to
Inc. (architect), and Balfour Beatty (GC) to Team to deliver a hospital 20% smaller April 2010
meet those goals. than the average 100-bed facility. The Delivery method: Integrated project delivery
Well before a shovel went into the efficient design also allowed the hospital
ground, the physician owners reviewed to preserve a large forested area of mature
their current clinical procedures and trees on its wooded 12-acre site. • Energy-efficient medical equipment
researched how future users might work The hospital opened in April 2010—on (averaging 15% better than code) is saving
within the hospital. The data was mapped time and under budget. According post-oc- the hospital another $69,000 a year.
in a process flow chart to help identify and cupancy analysis, actual construction cost “All these items themselves aren’t that
eliminate inefficiencies in procedures and was $54 million versus the $60.2 million unusual on their own, but taken together
travel distances. budgeted. Other findings: as a package is something special,” noted
This list of “needs,” “wants,” and “don’t • Flower Mound has 1,786 sf per hospi- juror John (Jay) Frisco, AIA, NCARB, an
wants” provided the Building Team with a tal bed, versus the industry average 2,300 associate with RTKL in Chicago. BD+C
strong starting point that greatly reduced sf per hospital bed; this reduced the size of —Jay W. Schneider, Editor
the planning process. The list included: the total facility by 52,942 sf.
• Designing pre-op/hold/recovery adja- • Taking more than 50,000 sf out of the By serving as an organizing element and an exten-
cent to the emergency department so that finished building is trimming $132,255 a sion of the hospital’s lobby, the courtyard (above,
the ED could flex during times of high year in energy costs (at $2.50 per sf). left) enabled designers to right-size the lobby
activity, typically in the evening. • Med/surg room size is 260 sf versus (above, right) eliminating the need for a costly,
• Having the surgery department share average hospital size of 300 sf. oversized, and underused entry space.
Bronze Award
PHOTOS: ED ASMUS PHOTOGRAPHY
The 60,000-sf union is flanked by two bridges that link it to other academic buildings on campus,
where temperatures can reach -40°F. “The bridges allow students to look outside while changing class-
es, as well as providing sheltering from the weather,” said juror Terry Fielden, with Gilbane Building
Company. The Forum (left) provides a unifying spine in the three-story student center. A smoke evacu-
ation system designed to meet life safety codes was configured by the Building Team’s MEP engineers
(which included several Clarkson alumni) to double as a source of fresh air and cooling in fair weather.
Special
Recognition
PHOTOS: COURTESY PJ DICK/HUNT
The Dell T1600 Performance this affordable workstation ($629 base price). It will be interest-
Workstation has four front-facing ing to see how they go after BIM power users when the rest of the
USB ports and is ISV-certified 2012 Precision workstation line is announced later this year. BD+C
for 12 different 3D design Follow Jeff “BIMBoy” Yoders as he blogs on BIM and IT solutions at
applications. www.BDCnetwork.com.
Smart Glass
Efficient, Safe, Robust
By C.C. Sullivan and Barbara Horwitz-Bennett
Learning Objectives
T
he perennial debate over how much glazing to incorporate into a building’s
façade rages on. These days, the energy-conscious advocates of punched open-
After reading this article, you should be able to: ings seem to be gaining favor; proponents of glass-box minimalism are viewed
✔ Describe the energy-saving capabilities of current paradoxically as promoting something of a luxury. Yet the two sides are likely to reach
glazing materials and systems, including highly a compromise soon and into the coming decade, as super-high-performance prod-
insulating and spectrally selective glass and triple- ucts—some in R&D and others market-ready—are helping boost the case for more
glazed products. glass. In every functional and aesthetic category from security and fire protection to
✔ Understand the various attributes and performance energy efficiency and green building, glass is overcoming its perceived limitations.
measurements of glass as related to energy efficiency
and occupant comfort. In renovating the circa-1895 landmark Brooklyn Engine Company 239 firehouse for the New
✔ Describe the various attributes of specialized glazing York City Department of Design and Construction, architect Beyhan Karahan & Associates speci-
used for occupant safety, notably blast resistance and fied a UL-listed glazing system that is fire-rated for up to two hours and meets the impact safety
fire resistance. requirements of CPSC 16CFR1201 Categories I and II. The interior glass blocks the spread of
✔ Compare the health and environmental benefits and fire and smoke between the apparatus area and the main staircase leading to the upper floors
drawbacks of various kinds of glazing products. where the firefighters live.
Still, the discussion is far from over, says Stephen Selkowitz, head of the FROM DOUBLE-GLAZED TO TRIPLE-GLAZED
building technologies department at Lawrence Berkeley National Labora- There’s another debate animating the building industry: whether triple
tory (btech.lbl.gov/btd.html), Berkeley, Calif. “Highly glazed, ‘transparent’ glazing’s improved performance outweighs its additional cost and weight.
buildings are put forth by some as the iconic image of a green building, Manufacturers claim that the most advanced triple-pane windows can
and derided by others as a trend driven to wasteful excess,” he says. “At the bring U-values down by 60% to 70%, while also improving condensation
extremes, both are probably correct, but stay tuned.” resistance and thermal comfort, as compared to a conventional double-
In the meantime, even as demand for commodity glazing materi- glazed window. Currently, triple-glazed products currently account for
als has eased considerably, the industry is slowly but surely turning its just 1% of the commercial windows marketplace. Yet they are finding
attention toward more advanced glazing materials and the emerging applications in very cold climates, in addition to the residential market,
technologies collectively described as “smart glass.” Moreover, costs are where new building codes require more rigorous U-values. “Some manu-
coming down as performance trends upward. facturers are considering retooling [their plants] to triple glazing as they
In fact, it is now possible to provide glazed curtain wall and storefront feel it is the future of the industry and would prefer to get ready for the
systems for buildings with an overall U-value of 0.30 or less, according change now,” says Rich Walker, president and CEO, American Architec-
to the nonprofit National Fenestration Rating Council standard NFRC tural Manufacturers Association (www.aamanet.org), Schaumburg, Ill.
100. (According to the NFRC [www.nfrc.org], “U-factor measures how Along similar lines, the U.S. Department of Energy recently launched
well a product prevents heat from escaping. The rate of heat loss is indi- a volume-purchase program for “high-insulating and low-e storm
cated in terms of the U-factor [U-value] of a window assembly. U-factor windows.” For the purpose of this initiative, high-insulating has been
ratings generally fall between 0.20 and 1.20. The lower the U-value, the
greater a window’s resistance to heat flow and the better its insulating
value.”) Just a few years ago, the same investment would have procured
Energy Modeling Facilitates
units with a lower performing overall U-value of about 0.45, accord-
Integrated Design
ing to A. Michael Voigt, RA, CCS, a senior associate with RNL Design If a building calls for small, straightforward window designs, then con-
(www.rnldesign.com), Denver. ventional glass specifications are usually sufficient. However, once the
Ultimately, many sustainability-minded Building Teams are aiming glazing area reaches a certain level, the cost and the corresponding
for an ideal glass spec that balances cost with performance; for example, effect on the HVAC and lighting systems grow in complexity as well.
a low-emissivity (low-e), untinted glass capable of achieving a low exte- “The simulations and analysis behind integrated design and modeling
rior reflectivity of less than 15% with a high visible light transmittance are the key to justifying an investment in a façade solution that is more
(VLT) of at least 60%, a solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) below 0.28, than the code minimum,” states Stephen Selkowitz, building technolo-
and a shading coefficient of less than 0.33. (This hypothetical example gies department head at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (www.
courtesy of Kevin Day, AIA, LEED AP, a senior associate with San lbl.gov), Berkeley, Calif. LBNL’s COMFEN software is available as a free
Francisco-based Stantec [www.stantec.com]). download at http://windows.lbl.gov/software/comfen/comfen.html.
However, the optimal way to achieve these ideal levels is not always Linton Stables, chief of specifications for New York City’s Perkins East-
so clear-cut. man, observes that “trade-offs in cost and performance can be more
easily quantified and then negotiated when using building information
modeling and integrated project delivery systems.”
Backed by the hard data produced by sophisticated modeling tools,
Building Teams can spell out the savings to be gleaned from downsized
HVAC equipment and reduced electricity consumption, not to mention
the enhanced property value created by better views and a more com-
fortable occupied space.
PHOTO: COURTESY KALWALL
Enhancing safety and daylighting at Reece School in New York City, fire-rated glass was
used in locations such as stairwells, which have traditionally been enclosed by walls.
FIRE-RATED GLASS: NEW POSSIBILITIES additional cost associated with that feature, but fundamentally the
Consistent with advances in high-performance glazing and blast-resis- atrium really changes the character of the spaces, making it feel more
tant products, newer glass technologies in the fire-rated market have comfortable and bringing much more light filtering into the different
dramatically opened up design possibilities for Building Teams. Most departments,” recalls Mike Boyd, executive director of facility services
notably, the industry transition from traditional wired glass to ceramic for the UC Davis Health System.
fire-rated glass is now enabling the use of larger expanses of glass in Stantec’s Day concurs that ceramic fire-rated glazing offers excit-
windows and window walls, glass enclosed stairwells, and even fire-rated ing aesthetic benefit, but he expresses concern about achieving color
glass floors. compatibility and consistency in appearance between fire-rated glass and
Jeff Griffiths, director of business development for SaftiFirst, a non-rated glazing across an entire façade. This was the exact issue before
specialty glass producer in San Francisco, sees fire-rated float glass as architectural firm AVRP Studios (www.avrpstudios.com), San Diego, in
having certain advantages over fire-rated ceramics. “Even with notice- the design of the 32-story Sapphire Towers in San Diego. Not wanting
able improvements to the appearance of architectural ceramics over the to compromise on the use of glass, but required to make the south-
past few years, they still do not offer the clarity, neutral coloration, and facing elevation fire-rated, the glazing contractor worked closely with
versatility of float glass,” he says. the fire-rated glass manufacturer to customize a blue-tinted fire-rated
Fire-rated glass gives Building Teams the opportunity to bring day- window assembly to match the façades on the other three sides of the
light deep into the interior in environments where fire-rated materi- high-rise condominium.
als are required. For example, with the recent design of University of
California Davis Medical Center’s 472,000-sf Surgery and Emergency Fire-protective vs. fire-resistive. One thorny issue with respect to
Services Pavilion, Stantec Architecture went with a very large, two-hour- fire-rated designs is making sure that that the glass specification meets
rated glass skylight to create a long corridor of light running through the requirements of the space or occupancy. For instance, if the goal
the space. is simply to keep flames on one side of the glass for a certain amount
“We debated the skylight early in the design process as there was of time, then fire-protective glazing is usually sufficient. However,
because all fire-rated glass does have a significant ability to tolerate high
temperatures, designers may assume that all fire-rated glass can act as a
barrier to heat transfer. Such is not always the case.
“Unlike fire-protective glass, fire-resistive glass can defend against
radiant and conductive heat transfer and should be specified, as
required by code, for areas such as stairwells, corridors, and elevator
shafts where people may be trapped for extended time periods,” cau-
tions Devin Bowman, with Technical Glass Products, Kirkland, Wash.
Moreover, designers need to consider the framing as well. “Since the
glazing and framing work together to provide adequate fire protection,
it’s essential to verify the frames carry a fire rating equivalent to the
glazing,” he adds.
Many of these glass materials are made with a clear, intumescent
component layered between two or more glass panels. When exposed to
fire, the interlayers foam up, thereby blocking heat. The technology is so
effective that you can touch the glass while fire is raging on the other
side and not get burned. Furthermore, with proven performance, the
codes do not restrict fire-resistive glass to limited areas. Rather, up to
an entire floor-to-ceiling window wall can be specified to meet fire-
rated requirements.
Technical feats like this showcase the extent to which the fire-rated
glass industry has developed over the years. “Every type of fire-rated
glazing certainly has its place, but the technology that allows glass to
PHOTO: COURTESY SAFTI FIRST
provide the same level of protection as the solid structural wall sur-
rounding it really has changed the face of architecture,” says Griffiths.
More than 10,000 sf of fire-rated glazing was used to encase the south-facing el-
evation of San Diego’s Sapphire Towers to meet code requirements without sacrific-
ing AVRP Studios’ vision for this 32-story high-rise. Two shades of tinted blue were
customized to match the non-fire-rated facades on the tower’s other three sides.
In the near future, the smart “Zero and Net-Zero Energy Buildings + Homes,” www.BDCnetwork.
glass industry can be expected com/whitepapers.)
to produce even more highly As the collective design experience from industry and leading Build-
performing products, raising the ing Teams continues to increase and improve along with advancing glass
bar for building safety and energy technology, the possibilities for tomorrow’s buildings—both new and
efficiency. One incentive is the retrofit—are more optimistic than ever.
recently approved 2012 Inter-
national Energy Conservation ▶ Editor’s Note ◀
Code, which will soon require that
This completes the required reading and concludes the formal
commercial glazing specifications course. To earn 1.0 AIA/CES Discovery learning units, study the
and glass wall designs achieve required reading and take the exam posted at www.BDCnetwork.
a U-factor down to 0.32. That com/SmartGlass.
means that Energy Star window
products and more sustainable
façade concepts will be in greater
demand. Not only that, but net- New app for selecting fire-rated glass
zero energy building initiatives San Francisco-based SAFTI FIRST, a manufacturer of fire-rated glass and
such as the DOE-supported Zero
PHOTO: COURTESY TGP
1. It is now possible to provide glazed curtain wall and A. Less than 10% B. General Services Administration
storefront systems for buildings with an overall U-value of B. More than 50% C. Federal Bureau of Investigation
________, according to National Fenestration Rating Council C. More than 70% D. Public Buildings Service
standard NFRC 100. D. More than 90% 8. For blast-resistant glass systems, Building Teams must
A. 0.20 5. Double exterior glass walls can serve as blast-resistant know that the systems can resist specified equivalent static
B. 0.30 or less façades where the exterior wall is sacrificial, meaning that its loads, which vary with the vision area. For that reason, team
C. 0.45 or less exterior wall: engineers must calculate the bending, shear, stress, bearing,
D. More than 0.50 A. Is resistant to ballistic point impacts. and pull-out loads for:
2. According to reputable manufacturers, today’s most B. Employs an intumescent layer between to absorb the A. Glass materials and frames only
advanced triple-glazed windows for commercial and residential blast’s shock wave. B. Glass materials, frames, and connectors
projects can bring U-values down by: C. Dissipates the energy of a blast wave and the energy load
C. Glass materials only
A. Less than 10% resisted by the internal wall.
D. None of the above
B. 30% to 35% D. Can be easily retrofitted with impact-resistant opaque
9. True or false: The industry transition from traditional wired
C. 60% to 70% cladding materials.
glass to ceramic fire-rated glass has required Building Teams
D. 90% to 95% 6. For glazing to become a net-zero energy element of a façade,
Building Teams must achieve a façade glass design providing: to use smaller expanses of glass in windows and window walls,
3. The U.S. Department of Energy recently launched a volume-
purchase program for “high-insulating and low-e storm win- A. Low solar gain and high thermal gain in winter. glass enclosed stairwells, and fire-rated glass floors.
dows,” including triple-pane products. For the purposes of this B. Low thermal losses and high solar gains in winter. A. True
initiative, “high-insulating” has been defined as: C. High levels of solar gain, visible light transmittance, and B. False
A. R-5 thermal gain in summer. 10. Unlike fire-protective glass, fire-resistive glass can defend
B. R-7.5 D. None of the above. against which of the following life-safety concerns:
C. R-10 7. The Interagency Security Committee’s Security Criteria, which A. Conductive heat transfer only
D. None of the above require that windows be designed to mitigate potential hazards B. Radiant heat only
4. Low-e glazing now accounts for about how much of the com- from flying glass, has been issued by which federal agency? C. Blasts and seismic shock
mercial glazing market? A. Department of Homeland Security D. Both radiant heat and conductive heat transfer
Products at Work
Transparent digital façade
installed in Times Square
A2aMEDIA installed an energy-efficient,
large-scale LED digital display using
Mediamesh technology on the Port Authority
Bus Terminal in New York City’s Times
Square. The display covers around 6,000
sf on 42nd Street and 8th Avenue, with an
additional 25,000 sf of lighting for visual
messaging. The mediamesh technology
from GKD uses flexible, woven stainless-
steel mesh imbedded with LEDs for the
panels, which use 80% less power than
conventional LED displays. The material
allows 70% transparency so the screen
doesn’t obstruct views out of the building.
GKD
Circle No. 800 on Reader Service Card
CF Architectural
Insulated Metal Wall Panel
The Metl-Span® CF Architectural wall
panel is ideal for high-profile archi-
tectural applications. The panels may
Low-energy fans help combat disease in Rwandan clinic be installed either vertically or hori-
zontally for maximum design impact.
Isis fans from Big Ass Fan Co. help kill air- Boston, to use natural ventilation to reduce
Available features include custom
borne pathogens in Rwanda’s Butaro Health the spread of tuberculosis; the facility has
widths and varying side joint reveals.
Clinic by passing air over UV lights. The six- outdoor walkways, alfresco waiting rooms,
Other specialty features that can be
ward clinic runs the seven low-energy fans on large windows, and the fans to help combat
incorporated into the wall design
generator power, which improves ventilation disease. The clinic, in partnership with the include curved and radius panels, and
rates by about 20%—more than a quarter Government of Rwanda, Ministry in Health, the Metl-Vision® window system with a
above World Health Organization guide- Partners in Health, and the Clinton Founda- flush frame design for unlimited varia-
lines. Impending access to an electrical grid tion, opened earlier this year. tion and dramatic building designs.
will soon have the fans running 24/7. The Big Ass Fan Co. www.metlspan.com 877-585-9969
clinic was designed by MASS Design Group, Circle No. 801 on Reader Service Card Circle 769
Products at Work
Wood options are
environmentally
friendly and versatile
Lyptus wood is available in two options:
single-strip engineered or solid strip planks.
Both are available in six color choices with Metal panels add color, durability
a variety of widths and lengths. Lyptus to Utah junior high school
solid strip is also available unfinished.
Both options feature tongue and groove For the 13,800-sf Legacy Junior High in Layton, Utah, MBCI supplied
construction. 8,000 sf of 0.032 aluminum PBU perforated wall panel coated in
Eco-friendly features include a plywood Signature 300 Laurel Green on both sides, 3,100 sf of 0.032 alumi-
base made from native trees harvested un- num non-perforated panels coated in Laurel Green on one side, and
der Forest Stewardship Council guidelines 2,700 sf of PBU in 24-gauge coated in Signature 300 Tundra. The
(for the engineered option), and low-VOC Building Team of VCBO Architecture, Hogan & Associates (GC), and
levels (for the solid strip option). Lyptus All Metals Fabrication (roofing contractor) specified the metal panels
wood also can be used as paneling for for their durability and economy, as well as for their ability to jazz up
walls—as shown here. the school’s exterior façade.
Lyptus MBCI
Circle No. 802 on Reader Service Card Circle No. 803 on Reader Service Card
Albeit a long and arduous journey, the road to sustainable building is becoming easier to trek. With an overwhelming number of
products to choose from, how can you be sure you have the right one? Choose Eco-ficient™ insulated metal panels from MBCI.
Eco-ficient™ panels improve the thermal performance of a building envelope, provide continuous insulation and qualify as continuous air
barriers. Eco-ficient™ panels can also lead to potential energy savings due to their high R-values. And, because of their superior thermal
performance, less energy is needed for climate control allowing for lower greenhouse gas emissions. Learn about all of the benefits of
Eco-ficient™ panels at www.mbci.com/sustainable. Circle 772
Products at Work
Bold colors and patterns
help carpet stand out
Tandus Flooring’s new District by Suzanne
Tick collection provides both visual stimu-
lation and sustainability. A bold design
forms geometric patterns with horizontal
and vertical lines in the Mondrian style.
The collection includes 17 color options
that combine bright and primary hues, and
three patterns with varied pile heights for
visual interest. The carpeting is available
as both modular tiles or Powerbond, a
hybrid resilient sheet flooring with a low-
energy rating that provides durability and
minimizes carpet seams.
Tandus Flooring
Circle No. 807 on Reader Service Card
&DOOXVIRUDIUHHTXRWHRUFDWDORJ
1010 East 62nd St. • Los Angeles, CA 90001-1598 © 2011 Huber Engineered Woods LLC. ZIP System, the accompanying ZIP System
logo and design are trademarks of Huber Engineered Woods LLC. Huber is a registered
trademark of J.M. Huber Corporation. Patents Pending. HUB11-03/11
Phone: 1-800-624-5269 • Fax: 1-800-624-5299 Limitations and restrictions apply - visit zipsystem.com for details.
Kenneth Cobleigh, Esq., is Managing Director and Counsel for the American Institute
of Architects Contract Documents content team. He oversees the creation and revision of the AIA’s standard form con-
tracts, develops relationships with industry liaisons, and educates construction industry stakeholders about AIA Con-
tract Documents and the documents program. Cobleigh earned both a BA and a JD with honors from the University
of Maryland and served as a construction attorney in private practice for more than 18 years before joining the AIA in
2006. BD+C asked him about the recently released AIA Document D503-2011, Guide for Sustainable Projects.
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